orifices are of such size that even with a filter just scraped and
put in service, with the minimum loss of head, with the outlet-gate
wide open, and with the water-level in the pure-water reservoir clear
down—that is, with the most unfavorable conditions which could possibly
exist—the rate of filtration cannot exceed 5,000,000 or 6,000,000
gallons per acre daily, or double the nominal rate. This rate, while
much too high for a filter which has just been cleaned, is not nearly
as high as was possible, and in fact actually occurred in the old
Stralau filters at Berlin, and in many English works; and, further,
such a condition could only occur through the gross negligence of
the attendants, because the rate of filtration is indicated clearly
at all times by the gauges. These regulating-devices have been
specially designed to show the rate with unmistakable clearness, so
that no attendant, however stupid, can make an error by an incorrect
computation from the gauge heights. It is believed that the advantage
of clearness by this procedure is much more important than any
increased accuracy which might be secured by refinements in the method
of computation, which should take into account variations in the value
of the coefficient of discharge, but which would render direct readings
impossible.
In designing the Albany plant the object has been to combine the best
features of German regulation with the economical and convenient
features of the older English system, and filters are allowed to
respond to the pumps within certain limits, while guarding against the
dangers ordinarily incident thereto.
RESULTS OF OPERATION.
The filters were designed to remove from the water the bacteria which
cause disease. They have already reached a bacterial efficiency of over
99 per cent, and it is expected that their use will result in a great
reduction in the death-rate from water-borne diseases in the city. They
also remove a part of the color and all of the suspended matters and
turbidity, so that the water is satisfactory in its physical properties.
The filters have reached with perfect ease their rated capacity, and
on several occasions have been operated to deliver one third more than
this amount; that is to say, at a rate of 4,000,000 gallons per acre,
daily.
COST OF CONSTRUCTION.
The approximate cost of the filtration-plant complete was as follows:
Land $8,290
Pumping-station and intake 49,745
Filters and sedimentation-basin, with piping 323,960
Pure-water conduit and connection with Quackenbush
Street pumping-station 86,638
Engineering and minor expenses 28,000
————————
Total $496,633
The filters, sedimentation-basin, and pure-water reservoir are
connected in such a way as to make an exact separation of their
costs impossible; but, approximately, the sedimentation-basin cost
$60,000, the pure-water reservoir $9,000, and the filters $255,000.
The sedimentation-basin thus cost $4,100 per million gallons capacity;
and the filters complete cost $45,600 per acre of net filtering area,
including all piping, office and laboratory building, but exclusive of
land and engineering.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
The general plan and location of the plant were first conceived by the
Superintendent of Water-works, George I. Bailey, M. Am. Soc. C. E., and
the successful execution is largely due to his efforts. The members
of the Water Board, and especially the Construction Committee, have
followed the work in detail closely and personally, and their interest
and support have been essential factors in the results accomplished. In
the designs and specifications for the pure-water conduit the author
is greatly indebted to Emil Kuichling, M. Am. Soc. C. E., and also for
most valuable suggestions relative to the performance of this part of
the work. To William Wheeler, M. Am. Soc. C. E., of Boston, the author
is indebted for advice upon the vaulting and cross-sections of the
walls, and these matters were submitted to him before the plans were
put in final shape. All the architectural designs have been supplied
by Mr. A. W. Fuller, of Albany. W. B. Fuller, M. Am. Soc. C. E., as
Resident Engineer, has been in direct charge of the work, and its
success is largely due to his interest in it and the close attention
which he and the assistant engineers have given it.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] The American gallon is 231 cubic inches or 0.8333 of the imperial
gallon. In this work American gallons are always used, and English
quantities are stated in American, not imperial, gallons.
[2] Filtration of River Waters. Van Nostrand & Co., 1869.
[3] Annual Report of Albert F. Noyes, City Engineer for 1891.
[4] Rept. Mass. State Board of Health, 1892, p. 541. See Appendix III.
[5] The method of calculating the size is given in Appendix III.
[6] A full table of frictions with various velocities and gravels was
given in the Rept. of Mass. State Board of Health, 1892, p. 555.
[7] Frühling, Handbuch der Ingenieurwissenschaften, II. Band, VI.
Kapitel.
[8] The American gallon is used throughout this book; the English
gallon is one fifth larger.
[9] Piefke, _Zeitschrift für Hygiene_, 1894, p. 177.
[10] _Zeitschrift für Hygiene_, 1891, page 38.
[11] _Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1891, 208 and 228.
[12] _Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1893, 161.
[13] Samuelson’s translation of Kirkwood’s “Filtration of
River-waters;” Lindley, Die Nutzbarmachung des Flusswassers,
_Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1890, 501; Kaiserlichen
Gesundheitsamt, Grundsätze für die Reinigung von Oberflächenwasser
durch Sandfiltration; _Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1894,
Appendix I.
[14] Lindley, _Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1890, 501; Grahn,
_Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1890, 511; Halbertsma, _Journal
für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1892, 686; Piefke, _Zeitschrift für
Hygiene_, 1894, 151; and others.
[15] Appendix I.
[16] The Water Supply of Towns. London, 1894.
[17] A special species of bacteria artificially added to secure more
precise information in regard to the passage of germs through the
filter.
[18] _Zeitschrift für Hygiene_, 1894, p. 173.
[19] Report Mass. State Board of Health for 1891, p. 438; 1892, page
409.
[20] Appendix IV.
[21] Piefke, _Zeitschrift für Hygiene_, 1894, p, 177.
[22] _Journal für Gas- und Wasserversorgung_, 1887, p. 595.
[23] _Zeitschrift für Hygiene_, 1894, p. 172.
[24] Appendix IV.
[25] Appendix I.
[26] _Glaser’s Annalen_, 1886, p. 48; _Zeit. f. Hygiene_, 1889, p. 128.
[27] _Vierteljahresschrift für öffentliche Gesundheitspflege_, 1891, p.
59.
[28] _Journal für Gas- und Wasserversorgung_, 1891, 108.
[29] _Zeitschrift für Hygiene_, 1894, 182.
[30] I am informed that several other filters upon the same principle
have been more recently built.
[31] Report on Water Purification at Cincinnati, page 378.
[32] Translation in German in Dingler’s Polytechnical Journal, 1832,
386.
[33] Water Purification at Louisville, page 378.
[34] Special Report Mass. State Board of Health 1890, Purification of
Sewage and Water, page 747.
[35] Water Purification at Cincinnati, p. 485.
[36] Jour. of the New England Water Works Assoc., Vol. VIII, page 183.
[37] Report of the Pittsburg Filtration Commission, 1899, page 55.
[38] Rhode Island State Board of Health Report for 1894.
[39] Report of the Rhode Island State Board of Health for 1894.
[40] Report on the Investigations into the Purification of the Ohio
River Water at Louisville, Kentucky. D. Van Nostrand & Co., 1898.
[41] Ohio State Board of Health Report, 1897, page 154.
[42] Report of the Pittsburg Filtration Commission, City Document, 1899.
[43] Fuller, Water Purification at Louisville, page 425.
[44] Warren, Feb. 9; June 1; July 6. Jewell, July 1; Feb. 9, 16, 17.
[45] “Removal of Iron from Ground Waters,” Journal of the New England
Water Works Association, Vol. xi, 1897, page 277.
[46] Journal of the New England Water Works Association, Vol. ii, page
294. Description of plant by Supt. Lewis M. Bancroft.
[47] This number was the result of numerous counts made from fæces from
persons suffering with typhoid fever in the Lawrence City Hospital
in 1891 and 1892. Mr. G. W. Fuller afterward made at the Lawrence
Experiment Station some further investigation of fæces from healthy
people in which the numbers were considerably lower, usually less than
200,000,000, per gram and sometimes as low as 10,000,000 per gram.
[48] These experiments, so far as they have come to the notice of the
author, have been made with water sterilized by heating, usually in
small tubes stoppered with cotton-wool or other organic matter. In this
case the water, no matter how carefully purified in the first place,
becomes an infusion of organic matters capable of supporting bacterial
growths, and not at all to be compared to natural waters.
In experiments often repeated under my direction, carefully distilled
water in bottles, _most scrupulously clean_, with glass stoppers, and
protected from dust, but _not sterilized_, has uniformly refused to
support bacterial growths even when cautiously seeded at the start,
and the same is usually true of pure natural waters. Some further
experiments showed hardly any bacterial growth even of the most hardy
water bacteria in a solution 1 part of peptone in 1,000,000,000 parts
of distilled water, and solutions ten times as strong only gave
moderate growths.
[49] The Water-supply of Chicago: Its Source and Sanitary Aspects. By
Arthur R. Reynolds, M.D., Commissioner of Health of Chicago, and Allen
Hazen. _American Public Health Association_, 1893. Page 146.
[50] _Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1893, 694.
[51] _Journal für Gas- u. Wasserversorgung_, 1894, 185.
[52] The method of making this determination was given in the _American
Chemical Journal_, vol. 12, p. 427.
[53] Some of the companies secure some ground water which they mix
with the filtered water, and this is included in the quantities for
the separate companies, but is excluded from the totals for all the
companies by years.
[54] Exclusive of gravity supplies.
[55] Not in use.
[56] Under construction.
[57] Not in use.
[58] Under construction.
[59] Not in use.
[60] Under construction.
[61] Not in use.
[62] Under construction.
[63] In the _Centralblatt für Bakteriologie_, 1895, page 881, Reinsch
discusses at length the cause of the inferior results at Altona in
winter, and has apparently discovered a new factor in producing
them. Owing to defective construction of the outlets for the
sedimentation-basins they have failed to act properly in presence of
excessive quantities of ice, and the sediment from the basins has been
discharged in large quantity upon the filters, and a small fraction of
the many millions of bacteria in it have passed through the filters. He
has experimented with this sediment applied to small filters, and has
become convinced that to secure good work under all conditions a much
deeper layer of sand than that generally considered necessary must be
used, and his work emphasizes the importance of the action of the sand
in distinction from the action of the sediment layer, which has often
been thought to be the sole, or at least the principal, requirement of
good filtration.
[64] Licht- u. Wasserwerke, Zürich, 1892, page 32.
[65] Descriptions of some of the leading European ground-water supplies
were given by the author in the Jour. Asso. Eng. Soc., Feb. 1895, p.
113.
[66] “_Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte_,” vol. xiv. p.
260.
INDEX.
Albany, N. Y., filters at, 254, 288.
Alkalinity, 155.
Altona, double filtration at, 198.
filters at, 265.
Alum, use of, in filtration, 92, 144.
American cities, water-supplies of, and typhoid fever in, 211.
Amsterdam, filters at, 272.
iron removal at, 192.
Anderson process, 147.
Antwerp, filters at, 272.
Asbestos as filtering material, 181.
Asbury Park, iron removal at, 192.
Ashland, Wis., filters at, 252.
Area of filters to be provided, 47.
Bacteria, apparent and actual removal of, by filters, 87.
from underdrains, 87.
in Elbe at Altona, 228.
in fæces, 215.
in water, 84.
number to be allowed in filtered water, 222.
of cholera in river water, 231.
of typhoid fever, life of, in water, 216.
of special kinds to test efficiency of filtration, 86.
to be determined daily, 222.
Bacterial examination of water, 93.
Berlin, regulation of depth of water, 59.
cholera infantum from water, 229.
friction in underdrains, 44.
regulation of rate, 53, 55.
water works, 261.
Berwyn, Penn., filters at, 253.
Boston, protection of purity of water-supply, 110.
experimental filters at, 73.
Bremen, double filtration at, 198.
Breslau, filters at, 274.
Brussels, ground-water, supply of, 276.
Budapest, filters at, 274.
Burton, regulation of rate at Tokyo, Japan, 58.
Carpenter, Prof. L. G., 24.
Chemnitz, intermittent filtration at, 107.
Chicago, reduced death-rate with new intake, 217.
Cholera infantum from impure water, 226.
Cholera, in Hamburg from water, 230.
caused by water, 214.
Clarification, definition of, 113.
Clark, H. W., 24, 190.
Clark’s process for softening water, 92, 145.
Clay particles, size of, 123.
Cleaning filters, 68.
Coagulant, absorption of, by suspended matters, 154.
successive applications of, 154.
Coagulants used in practice, 150.
Coagulation of waters, 144.
Cologne, water-supply of, from wells, 276.
Color, 113.
amount of coagulant required to remove, 153.
amount of, in various waters, 115.
measurement of, 114.
Color, removal of, 117.
Continuous filters, 5.
filtration, nature of, 83, 92.
Cost of filters and filtration, 4, 48, 102, 200, 314.
Covered filters, efficiency of, 17.
Covers for filters, 12, 15.
at Albany, 295.
in the United States, 17.
omitted at Lawrence, 101.
Crenothrix, 105, 186.
Diarrhœa from impure water, 226.
Dibden, W. J., 129.
Disease from water, 210.
Double filtration at Schiedam, 273.
Drainage areas of a number of rivers, 133.
Dresden, water-supply of, from filter-gallery, 276.
Drown, Dr. Thomas M., 150, 191.
Effective size of sand, 21, 238.
European sands, 25.
Efficiency of filtration, 83, 88, 91.
effect of rate upon, 50.
effect of size of sand-grain upon, 30.
effect of thickness of sand layer upon, 34.
at Lawrence, 106.
European filters, 91, 260.
Effluents, wasting after scraping, 74.
Fæces, number of bacteria in, 215.
Far Rockaway, L. I., filters at, 193, 253.
Filling sand with water from below, 68, 307.
Filter beds, bottoms of, must be water-tight, 12.
covers for, 12.
form of, 11.
size of, 10.
Filters, aggregate capacity of, 254.
depths of waters on, 45.
list of cities using, 244.
reserve area required, 47.
first constructed at London, 83.
for household use, 183.
general arrangement of, 6.
Filters, statistics of, at various cities, 241.
Filtration, cost of, 200.
degree of purification required, 5.
general nature of, 92.
Fischer tile system, 181.
FitzGerald, Desmond, 73, 111, 196.
Flood flows not taken for supply, 10.
Fränkel and Piefke, experiments on removal of disease germs, 86.
Frankfort on Main, water supply of, from springs, 276.
Frankland, Dr. Percy, 84.
Friction of filtered water in pipes, 264.
water in gravel, 37.
water in sand, 22.
water in underdrains, 40.
Frost, effect of, upon filters, 12, 229, 266.
Frühling, on the heating of water by sunshine, 16.
underdraining at Königsberg, 39.
Fuller, G. W., 118, 123, 131, 139, 140, 145, 152, 154, 161, 165.
German Imperial Board of Health, 34, 51, 54, 75, 95.
regulations in regard to filtration, 221.
Gill, apparatus for regulation, 55.
Glasgow, water-supply of, from Loch Katrine, 275.
Gravel at Albany, 299.
layers, 35.
friction of water in, 37.
screening of, for filters, 37.
Grand Forks, N. D., filters at, 252.
Ground-water supplies, 3.
the use of, in Europe, 276.
Halbertsma, H. P. N., 54, 59.
Hamburg, apparatus for regulating depth of water, 59.
health of, 226, 271.
regulation of rate of filtration, 56.
underdrains of filters at, 42.
water-supply of, 269.
Hamilton, N. Y., filters at, 253.
Hardness, removal of, 92, 145.
Harrisburg, Penn., filters at, 253.
Hermany, Charles, 161.
High rates of filtration without coagulant, 182.
Household filters, 183.
Hudson, N. Y., filters at, 251.
Ice on filters, 13.
Inlet regulators, 59.
Impounding reservoirs, 2.
Intermittent filtration, 97.
application of, 111, 197.
at Chemnitz, 107.
at Lawrence, 100.
of Pegan Brook, 110.
Iron, compounds of, as coagulants, 146.
in ground-waters, 186.
in ground-water at Lawrence, 105.
metallic, the Anderson process, 147.
present as ferrous sulphate, 191.
removal plants in operation, 192.
Iron waters, treatment of, 189.
Jewel filter, 151, 161, 162, 172, 173.
Kirkwood, James P., 8, 36, 47, 51, 55, 61, 63, 67.
Kümmel, 50, 51, 86.
Lambertsville, N. J., filters at, 252.
Lawrence City filter, description of, 100.
Lawrence Experiment Station, 97.
air in water filtered in winter at, 46.
depth of sand removed at, 70.
depth of water on filters, 46.
effect of loss of head upon efficiency, 61.
effect of size of sand-grain upon efficiency, 32.
effect of size of sand-grain upon frequency of scraping, 32.
efficiency of filters at various rates, 50.
efficiency of filtration at, 86, 89.
experiments with continuous filtration, 110.
filters of fine sand, 31.
filters of various sand-grain sizes, 32.
gravel for filters at, 39.
growth of bacteria in sterilized sand at, 85.
intermittent filtration investigated, 97.
Lawrence Experiment Station, method of sand analysis at, 20.
quantities of water filtered at various losses of head, 66.
wasting effluents not necessary, 75.
Lawrence, typhoid fever at, 102.
Leipzig, water-supply of, from wells, 276.
Lime in sand, 29.
sterilizing effect of, 146.
as a coagulant, 145.
application of, to water, 157.
Lindley, 43, 51, 54, 57, 81.
Literature on filtration, 277, 285.
Little Falls, N. Y., filters at, 253.
Loam in filters, 35.
London, cost of operating filters at, 202.
water-supply of, 255.
Long, Prof., 131.
Lorain, tests of mechanical filters, 161.
Loss of head, 52.
limit to, 60, 67.
reasons for allowing high, 65.
Louisville, mechanical filters at, 161.
Magdeburg, filters at, 273.
Maignen system, 181.
Manchester, water-supply of, 275.
Manganese, compounds of, as coagulants, 148.
in ground-waters, 188.
Massachusetts State Board of Health, see Lawrence Experiment
Station.
Mechanical filters, 159.
application of, 199.
efficiency of, 179.
list of, 247.
pressure filters, 180.
rates of filtration used, 175.
types of, 172.
wasting effluent after washing, 163.
Millford, Mass., filters at, 252.
Mills, H. F., 97, 99, 102.
Mount Vernon, N. Y., filters at, 252.
Mud, see turbidity.
Muddy waters, 113.
Munich, water-supply of, from springs, 275.
Nichols, Prof., suspended matters in European streams, 131.
Nitrification, effect of, upon bacteria, 98.
Odors, removal of, by filtration, 112.
Organic matters in water, 83.
removed by intermittent filters, 98.
Paper manufacturing, filtration of water for, 5.
Paris, ground-water supply of, 276.
Palmer, Prof., 131.
Passages through the sand in filters, 67.
Pegan Brook, purification of, 110.
Period, how computed and length of, 72.
length of, dependent upon turbidity, 137.
Piefke, 48, 50, 54, 63, 69, 73, 74, 75, 80, 84, 85, 90.
Pittsburgh, experiments with mechanical filters, 162.
Plägge and Proskauer, 84.
Plymouth, Penn., typhoid fever at, 208.
Pollution of European water-supplies, 93.
Polluted waters, utilization of excessively, 111.
Porcelain filters for household use, 183.
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., filters at, 251.
Pressure filters, 180.
Providence, mechanical filters at, 159.
Rate of filtration, 47, 224.
at various places, 241.
effect of, upon cost, 48.
effect of, upon efficiency, 50.
lower after scraping, 76.
regulation of, 52.
Red Bank, N. J., filters at, 193, 253.
Regulation of filters, 52.
old forms of regulators, 52.
modern forms of regulators, 54.
at Albany, 305, 308, 310.
of mechanical filters, 178.
Reincke, Dr., report on health of Hamburg for 1892, 226.
Reinsch on the cause of poor filtration at Altona, 267.
Reserve area required in case of ice, 18.
Reservoirs, purposes served by, 133.
Rock Island, Ill., filters at, 254.
Roofs for filters, 16.
Rotterdam, filters at, 272.
St. Johnsbury, Vt., filters at, 251.
St. Louis, regulators for proposed filters, 55.
St. Petersburg, filters at, 275.
Samuelson, 51.
Sand, 20.
at Albany, 301.
analysis of European, 25.
analysis of, from leading works, 28.
appliances for moving, 68.
compactness of, in natural banks, 61.
depth of, in filters, 34.
depth to be removed from filters, 69.
dune, 26.
dune, washing of, impossible, 82.
effect of grain-size upon frequency of scraping, 32.
effect of grain-size upon the efficiency, 30.
effective size of, 21, 238.
extra scraping before replacing fresh, 71.
for filtration, 20, 33.
for mechanical filters, 175.
friction of water in, 22.
grain-size of, 20, 233.
in European filters, 24.
in Lawrence filters, two sizes of, 100.
lime in, 29.
method of analysis of, 233.
quantity to be removed by scraping, 74.
replacing, 71.
selection of, 33.
size of passages between grains of, 6.
sterilized, experiments with, 85.
thickness of layer, 34.
uniformity coefficient, 21, 238.
Sand washing, 26, 76, 304.
cost of, 81.
water for, 80.
Sandstone filters for household use, 183.
Schiedam, double filtration at, 273.
Scraping filters, 7, 68.
Scraping filters, amount of labor required for, 81.
depth of sand removed, 33, 66, 69.
frequency of, 49, 72, 241.
Sedgwick, Prof. W. T., 86.
Sediment, removal of, 92, 133.
Sediment layer, 6, 31.
influence of, upon bacterial purification, 84.
thickness of, 33, 66, 69.
Sedimentation basins, 8, 133, 293.
effect of, 134.
Sewage, number of bacteria in, 215.
Simpson, James, 83.
Soda-ash, application of, 157.
Somersworth, N. H., filters at, 253.
Storage for raw water, 136.
Subsidence, limits to the use of, 142.
Sulphate of alumina, action of, upon waters, 144.
Surface-waters, use of, unfiltered, 275.
Suspended matters, 113, 117.
in relation to turbidities, 122.
in various waters, 129.
The Hague, iron removal at, 192.
Tokyo, regulation of rate at, 58.
Trenched bottoms for filters, 36, 40, 100.
Turbidity, 92, 113.
amount which is noticeable, 121.
amount in several streams, 124.
duration of, 128.
in relation to suspended matters, 122.
measurement of, 117.
power of sand filters to remove, 139.
preliminary processes to remove, 133.
source of, 123.
Typhoid fever in Berlin and Altona, 12, 85, 267.
in American cities, 211.
Typhoid fever in Hamburg, 271.
in Lawrence, 102.
in London, 259.
in Zürich, 275.
Typhoid-fever germs, life of, in water, 216.
Underdrains, 35, 39.
bacteria from, 87.
friction of, at Albany, 299.
size of, 41.
ventilators for, 44.
Uniformity coefficient of sand, 21, 238.
Ventilators for underdrains, 44.
Vienna, water-supply of, from springs, 276.
Warren filter, 151, 161, 162, 172, 176, 177.
Warsaw, filters at, 275.
friction in underdrains, 43.
regulation of rate at, 57.
Wasting effluents, 74.
Water, depth of, on filters, 45, 59.
heating of, in filters, 45.
organic matters in, 83.
Water-supplies of American cities, 211.
Water-supply and disease, 210.
Waters, what require filtration, 207.
Weston, E. B., 153, 154, 159.
Weston, R. S., 153, 189.
West Superior, iron in ground-water at, 189.
Winter, effect of, upon filtration, 12.
temperatures of places having open and covered filters, 15.
Worms tile system, 181.
Zürich, filters at, 274.
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Rewritten Edition 16mo, mor., 5 00
Merrill’s Stones for Building and Decoration 8vo, 5 00
Non-metallic Minerals: Their Occurrence and Uses 8vo, 4 00
Monckton’s Stair-building 4to, 4 00
Patton’s Practical Treatise on Foundations 8vo, 5 00
Peabody’s Naval Architecture 8vo, 7 50
Richey’s Handbook for Superintendents of
Construction 16mo, mor., 4 00
Sabin’s Industrial and Artistic Technology of
Paints and Varnish 8vo, 3 00
Siebert and Biggin’s Modern Stone-cutting and Masonry 8vo, 1 50
Snow’s Principal Species of Wood 8vo, 3 50
Sondericker’s Graphic Statics With Applications To
Trusses, Beams, and Arches 8vo, 2 00
Towne’s Locks and Builders’ Hardware 18mo, morocco, 3 00
Wait’s Engineering and Architectural Jurisprudence 8vo, 6 00
Sheep, 6 50
Law of Operations Preliminary To Construction in
Engineering and Architecture 8vo, 5 00
Sheep, 5 50
Law of Contracts 8vo, 3 00
Wood’s Rustless Coatings: Corrosion and Electrolysis
of Iron and Steel 8vo, 4 00
Worcester and Atkinson’s Small Hospitals, Establishment
and Maintenance,
Suggestions for Hospital Architecture, with Plans
for a Small Hospital 12mo, 1 25
The World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893 Large 4to, 1 00
ARMY AND NAVY.
Bernadou’s Smokeless Powder, Nitro-cellulose, and the
Theory of the Cellulose Molecule 12mo, 2 50
* Bruff’s Text-book Ordnance and Gunnery 8vo, 6 00
Chase’s Screw Propellers and Marine Propulsion 8vo, 3 00
Cloke’s Gunner’s Examiner 8vo, 1 50
Craig’s Azimuth 4to, 3 50
Crehore and Squier’s Polarizing Photo-chronograph 8vo, 3 00
* Davis’s Elements of Law 8vo, 2 50
* Treatise on the Military Law of United States 8vo, 7 00
Sheep, 7 50
De Brack’s Cavalry Outposts Duties. (Carr.) 24mo, morocco, 2 00
Dietz’s Soldier’s First Aid Handbook 16mo, morocco, 1 25
* Dredge’s Modern French Artillery 4to, half morocco, 15 00
Durand’s Resistance and Propulsion of Ships 8vo, 5 00
* Dyer’s Handbook of Light Artillery 12mo, 3 00
Eissler’s Modern High Explosives 8vo, 4 00
* Fiebeger’s Text-book on Field Fortification Small 8vo, 2 00
Hamilton’s The Gunner’s Catechism 18mo, 1 00
* Hoff’s Elementary Naval Tactics 8vo, 1 50
Ingalls’s Handbook of Problems in Direct Fire 8vo, 4 00
* Ballistic Tables 8vo, 1 50
* Lyons’s Treatise on Electromagnetic Phenomena.
Vols. I. and II. 8vo, each, 6 00
* Mahan’s Permanent Fortifications.
(Mercur.) 8vo, half morocco, 7 50
Manual for Courts-martial 16mo, morocco, 1 50
* Mercur’s Attack of Fortified Places 12mo, 2 00
* Elements of the Art of War 8vo, 4 00
Metcalf’s Cost of Manufactures—And the Administration
of Workshops 8vo, 5 00
* Ordnance and Gunnery. 2 vols 12mo, 5 00
Murray’s Infantry Drill Regulations 18mo, paper, 10
Nixon’s Adjutants’ Manual 24mo, 1 00
Peabody’s Naval Architecture 8vo, 7 50
* Phelps’s Practical Marine Surveying 8vo, 2 50
Powell’s Army Officer’s Examiner 12mo, 4 00
Sharpe’s Art of Subsisting Armies in War 18mo, morocco, 1 50
* Walke’s Lectures on Explosives 8vo, 4 00
* Wheeler’s Siege Operations and Military Mining 8vo, 2 00
Winthrop’s Abridgment of Military Law 12mo, 2 50
Woodhull’s Notes on Military Hygiene 16mo, 1 50
Young’s Simple Elements of Navigation 16mo, morocco, 2 00
ASSAYING.
Fletcher’s Practical Instructions in Quantitative
Assaying with the Blowpipe 12mo, morocco, 1 50
Furman’s Manual of Practical Assaying 8vo, 3 00
Lodge’s Notes on Assaying and Metallurgical
Laboratory Experiments 8vo, 3 00
Low’s Technical Methods of Ore Analysis 8vo, 3 00
Miller’s Manual of Assaying 12mo, 1 00
Minet’s Production of Aluminum and its Industrial Use.
(Waldo.) 12mo, 2 50
O’Driscoll’s Notes on the Treatment of Gold Ores 8vo, 2 00
Ricketts and Miller’s Notes on Assaying 8vo, 3 00
Robine and Lenglen’s Cyanide Industry. (Le Clerc.) 8vo,
Ulke’s Modern Electrolytic Copper Refining 8vo, 3 00
Wilson’s Cyanide Processes 12mo, 1 50
Chlorination Process 12mo, 1 50
ASTRONOMY.
Comstock’s Field Astronomy for Engineers 8vo, 2 50
Craig’s Azimuth 4to, 3 50
Doolittle’s Treatise on Practical Astronomy 8vo, 4 00
Gore’s Elements of Geodesy 8vo, 2 50
Hayford’s Text-book of Geodetic Astronomy 8vo, 3 00
Merriman’s Elements of Precise Surveying and Geodesy 8vo, 2 50
* Michie and Harlow’s Practical Astronomy 8vo, 3 00
* White’s Elements of Theoretical and Descriptive Astronomy 12mo, 2 00
BOTANY.
Davenport’s Statistical Methods, with Special Reference to Biological Variation
16mo, morocco, 1 25
Thomé and Bennett’s Structural and Physiological Botany 16mo, 2 25
Westermaier’s Compendium of General Botany. (Schneider.) 8vo, 2 00
CHEMISTRY.
Adriance’s Laboratory Calculations and Specific Gravity Tables 12mo, 1 25
Allen’s Tables for Iron Analysis 8vo, 3 00
Arnold’s Compendium of Chemistry. (Mandel Small 8vo, 3 50
Austen’s Notes for Chemical Students 12mo, 1 50
Bernadou’s Smokeless Powder.—Nitro-cellulose, and Theory of the Cellulose
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* Browning’s Introduction to the Rarer Elements 8vo, 1 50
Brush and Penfield’s Manual of Determinative Mineralogy 8vo, 4 00
Classen’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis by Electrolysis. (Boltwood.) 8vo, 3 00
Cohn’s Indicators and Test-papers 12mo, 2 00
Tests and Reagents 8vo, 3 00
Crafts’s Short Course in Qualitative Chemical Analysis. (Schaeffer.) 12mo, 1 50
Dolezalek’s Theory of the Lead Accumulator (Storage Battery). (Von
Ende.) 12mo, 2 50
Drechsel’s Chemical Reactions. (Merrill.) 12mo, 1 25
Duhem’s Thermodynamics and Chemistry. (Burgess.) 8vo, 4 00
Eissler’s Modern High Explosives 8vo, 4 00
Effront’s Enzymes and their Applications. (Prescott.) 8vo, 3 00
Erdmann’s Introduction to Chemical Preparations. (Dunlap.) 12mo, 1 25
Fletcher’s Practical Instructions in Quantitative Assaying with the Blowpipe.
12mo, morocco, 1 50
Fowler’s Sewage Works Analyses 12mo, 2 00
Fresenius’s Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis. (Wells.) 8vo, 5 00
Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis. Part I. Descriptive. (Wells.)
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System of Instruction in Quantitative Chemical Analysis. (Cohn.)
2 vols 8vo, 12 50
Fuertes’s Water and Public Health 12mo, 1 50
Furman’s Manual of Practical Assaying 8vo, 3 00
* Getman’s Exercises in Physical Chemistry 12mo, 2 00
Gill’s Gas and Fuel Analysis for Engineers 12mo, 1 25
Grotenfelt’s Principles of Modern Dairy Practice. (Woll.) 12mo, 2 00
Hammarsten’s Text-book of Physiological Chemistry. (Mandel.) 8vo, 4 00
Helm’s Principles of Mathematical Chemistry. (Morgan.) 12mo, 1 50
Hering’s Ready Reference Tables (Conversion Factors) 16mo, morocco, 2 50
Hind’s Inorganic Chemistry 8vo, 3 00
* Laboratory Manual for Students 12mo, 1 00
Holleman’s Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry. (Cooper.) 8vo, 2 50
Text-book of Organic Chemistry. (Walker and Mott.) 8vo, 2 50
* Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry. (Walker.) 12mo, 1 00
Hopkins’s Oil-chemists’ Handbook 8vo, 3 00
Jackson’s Directions for Laboratory Work in Physiological Chemistry 8vo, 1 25
Keep’s Cast Iron 8vo, 2 50
Ladd’s Manual of Quantitative Chemical Analysis 12mo, 1 00
Landauer’s Spectrum Analysis. (Tingle.) 8vo, 3 00
* Langworthy and Austen. The Occurrence of Aluminium in Vegetable
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Lassar-Cohn’s Practical Urinary Analysis. (Lorenz.) 12mo, 1 00
Application of Some General Reactions to Investigations in Organic
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Leach’s The Inspection and Analysis of Food with Special Reference to State
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Löb’s Electrochemistry of Organic Compounds. (Lorenz.) 8vo, 3 00
Lodge’s Notes on Assaying and Metallurgical Laboratory Experiments 8vo, 3 00
Low’s Technical Method of Ore Analysis 8vo, 3 00
Lunge’s Techno-chemical Analysis. (Cohn.) 12mo, 1 00
Mandel’s Handbook for Bio-chemical Laboratory 12mo, 1 50
* Martin’s Laboratory Guide to Qualitative Analysis with the Blowpipe 12mo, 60
Mason’s Water-supply. (Considered Principally from a Sanitary Standpoint.)
3d Edition, Rewritten 8vo, 4 00
Examination of Water. (Chemical and Bacteriological.) 12mo, 1 25
Matthew’s The Textile Fibres 8vo, 3 50
Meyer’s Determination of Radicles in Carbon Compounds. (Tingle.) 12mo, 1 00
Miller’s Manual of Assaying 12mo, 1 00
Minet’s Production of Aluminum and its Industrial Use. (Waldo.) 12mo, 2 50
Mixter’s Elementary Text-book of Chemistry 12mo, 1 50
Morgan’s Elements of Physical Chemistry 12mo, 3 00
* Physical Chemistry for Electrical Engineers 12mo, 1 50
Morse’s Calculations used in Cane-sugar Factories 16mo, morocco, 1 50
Mulliken’s General Method for the Identification of Pure Organic Compounds.
Vol. I. Large 8vo, 5 00
O’Brine’s Laboratory Guide in Chemical Analysis 8vo, 2 00
O’Driscoll’s Notes on the Treatment of Gold Ores 8vo, 2 00
Ostwald’s Conversations on Chemistry. Part One. (Ramsey.) 12mo, 1 50
Ostwald’s Conversations on Chemistry. Part Two. (Turnbull.) 12mo, 2 00
* Penfield’s Notes on Determinative Mineralogy and Record of Mineral Tests
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Pictet’s The Alkaloids and their Chemical Constitution. (Biddle.) 8vo, 5 00
Pinner’s Introduction to Organic Chemistry. (Austen.) 12mo, 1 50
Poole’s Calorific Power of Fuels 8vo, 3 00
Prescott and Winslow’s Elements of Water Bacteriology, with Special
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* Reisig’s Guide to Piece-dyeing 8vo, 25 00
Richards and Woodman’s Air, Water, and Food from a Sanitary Standpoint
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Richards’s Cost of Living as Modified by Sanitary Science 12mo, 1 00
Cost of Food, a Study in Dietaries 12mo, 1 00
* Richards and Williams’s The Dietary Computer 8vo, 1 50
Ricketts and Russell’s Skeleton Notes upon Inorganic Chemistry. (Part I.
Non-metallic Elements.) 8vo, morocco, 75
Ricketts and Miller’s Notes on Assaying 8vo, 3 00
Rideal’s Sewage and the Bacterial Purification of Sewage 8vo, 3 50
Disinfection and the Preservation of Food 8vo, 4 00
Rigg’s Elementary Manual for the Chemical Laboratory 8vo, 1 25
Robine and Lenglen’s Cyanide Industry. (Le Clerc.) 8vo,
Rostoski’s Serum Diagnosis. (Bolduan.) 12mo, 1 00
Ruddiman’s Incompatibilities in Prescriptions 8vo, 2 00
* Whys in Pharmacy 12mo, 1 00
Sabin’s Industrial and Artistic Technology of Paints and Varnish 8vo, 3 00
Salkowski’s Physiological and Pathological Chemistry. (Orndorff.) 8vo, 2 50
Schimpf’s Text-book of Volumetric Analysis 12mo, 2 50
Essentials of Volumetric Analysis 12mo, 1 25
* Qualitative Chemical Analysis 8vo, 1 25
Spencer’s Handbook for Chemists of Beet-sugar Houses 16mo, morocco, 3 00
Handbook for Cane Sugar Manufacturers 16mo, morocco, 3 00
Stockbridge’s Rocks and Soils 8vo, 2 50
* Tillman’s Elementary Lessons in Heat 8vo, 1 50
* Descriptive General Chemistry 8vo, 3 00
Treadwell’s Qualitative Analysis. (Hall.) 8vo, 3 00
Quantitative Analysis. (Hall.) 8vo, 4 00
Turneaure and Russell’s Public Water-supplies 8vo, 5 00
Van Deventer’s Physical Chemistry for Beginners. (Boltwood.) 12mo, 1 50
* Walke’s Lectures on Explosives 8vo, 4 00
Ware’s Beet-sugar Manufacture and Refining Small 8vo, cloth, 4 00
Washington’s Manual of the Chemical Analysis of Rocks 8vo, 2 00
Wassermann’s Immune Sera: Hæmolysins, Cytotoxins, and Precipitins.
(Bolduan.) 12mo, 1 00
Well’s Laboratory Guide in Qualitative Chemical Analysis 8vo, 1 50
Short Course in Inorganic Qualitative Chemical Analysis for Engineering
Students 12mo, 1 50
Text-book of Chemical Arithmetic 12mo, 1 25
Whipple’s Microscopy of Drinking-water 8vo, 3 50
Wilson’s Cyanide Processes 12mo, 1 50
Chlorination Process 12mo, 1 50
Winton’s Microscopy of Vegetable Foods 8vo, 7 50
Wulling’s Elementary Course in Inorganic, Pharmaceutical, and Medical
Chemistry 12mo, 2 00
CIVIL ENGINEERING.
BRIDGES AND ROOFS. HYDRAULICS. MATERIALS OF ENGINEERING. RAILWAY
ENGINEERING.
Baker’s Engineers’ Surveying Instruments 12mo, 3 00
Bixby’s Graphical Computing Table Paper 19-1/2 × 24-1/4 inches. 25
** Burr’s Ancient and Modern Engineering and the Isthmian Canal. (Postage,
27 cents additional.) 8vo, 3 50
Comstock’s Field Astronomy for Engineers 8vo, 2 50
Davis’s Elevation and Stadia Tables 8vo, 1 00
Elliott’s Engineering for Land Drainage 12mo, 1 50
Practical Farm Drainage 12mo, 1 00
* Fiebeger’s Treatise on Civil Engineering 8vo, 5 00
Folwell’s Sewerage. (Designing and Maintenance.) 8vo, 3 00
Freitag’s Architectural Engineering. 2d Edition, Rewritten 8vo, 3 50
French and Ives’s Stereotomy 8vo, 2 50
Goodhue’s Municipal Improvements 12mo, 1 75
Goodrich’s Economic Disposal of Towns’ Refuse 8vo, 3 50
Gore’s Elements of Geodesy 8vo, 2 50
Hayford’s Text-book of Geodetic Astronomy 8vo, 3 00
Hering’s Ready Reference Tables (Conversion Factors) 16mo, morocco, 2 50
Howe’s Retaining Walls for Earth 12mo, 1 25
Johnson’s (J. B.) Theory and Practice of Surveying Small 8vo, 4 00
Johnson’s (L. J.) Statics by Algebraic and Graphic Methods 8vo, 2 00
Laplace’s Philosophical Essay on Probabilities. (Truscott and Emory.) 12mo, 2 00
Mahan’s Treatise on Civil Engineering. (1873.) (Wood.) 8vo, 5 00
* Descriptive Geometry 8vo, 1 50
Merriman’s Elements of Precise Surveying and Geodesy 8vo, 2 50
Merriman and Brooks’s Handbook for Surveyors 16mo, morocco, 2 00
Nugent’s Plane Surveying 8vo, 3 50
Ogden’s Sewer Design 12mo, 2 00
Patton’s Treatise on Civil Engineering 8vo half leather, 7 50
Reed’s Topographical Drawing and Sketching 4to, 5 00
Rideal’s Sewage and the Bacterial Purification of Sewage 8vo, 3 50
Siebert and Biggin’s Modern Stone-cutting and Masonry 8vo, 1 50
Smith’s Manual of Topographical Drawing. (McMillan.) 8vo, 2 50
Sondericker’s Graphic Statics, with Applications to Trusses, Beams,
and Arches. 8vo, 2 00
Taylor and Thompson’s Treatise on Concrete, Plain and Reinforced 8vo, 5 00
* Trautwine’s Civil Engineer’s Pocket-book 16mo, morocco, 5 00
Wait’s Engineering and Architectural Jurisprudence 8vo, 6 00
Sheep, 6 50
Law of Operations Preliminary to Construction in Engineering and
Architecture 8vo, 5 00
Sheep, 5 50
Law of Contracts 8vo, 3 00
Warren’s Stereotomy—Problems in Stone-cutting 8vo, 2 50
Webb’s Problems in the Use and Adjustment of Engineering
Instruments. 16mo, morocco, 1 25
Wilson’s Topographic Surveying 8vo, 3 50
BRIDGES AND ROOFS.
Boller’s Practical Treatise on the Construction of Iron Highway Bridges 8vo, 2 00
* Thames River Bridge 4to, paper, 5 00
Burr’s Course on the Stresses in Bridges and Roof Trusses, Arched Ribs, and
Suspension Bridges 8vo, 3 50
Burr and Falk’s Influence Lines for Bridge and Roof Computations 8vo, 3 00
Design and Construction of Metallic Bridges 8vo, 5 00
Du Bois’s Mechanics of Engineering. Vol. II. Small 4to, 10 00
Foster’s Treatise on Wooden Trestle Bridges 4to, 5 00
Fowler’s Ordinary Foundations 8vo, 3 50
Greene’s Roof Trusses 8vo, 1 25
Bridge Trusses 8vo, 2 50
Arches in Wood, Iron, and Stone 8vo, 2 50
Howe’s Treatise on Arches 8vo, 4 00
Design of Simple Roof-trusses in Wood and Steel 8vo, 2 00
Johnson, Bryan, and Turneaure’s Theory and Practice in the Designing of
Modern Framed Structures Small 4to, 10 00
Merriman and Jacoby’s Text-book on Roofs and Bridges:
Part I. Stresses in Simple Trusses 8vo, 2 50
Part II. Graphic Statics 8vo, 2 50
Part III. Bridge Design 8vo, 2 50
Part IV. Higher Structures 8vo, 2 50
Morison’s Memphis Bridge 4to, 10 00
Waddell’s de Pontibus, a Pocket-book for Bridge Engineers 16mo, morocco, 2 00
Specifications for Steel Bridges 12mo, 1 25
Wright’s Designing of Draw-spans. Two Parts in one volume 8vo, 3 50
HYDRAULICS.
Bazin’s Experiments upon the Contraction of the Liquid Vein Issuing from
an Orifice. (Trautwine.) 8vo, 2 00
Bovey’s Treatise on Hydraulics 8vo, 5 00
Church’s Mechanics of Engineering 8vo, 6 00
Diagrams of Mean Velocity of Water in Open Channels paper, 1 50
Hydraulic Motors 8vo, 2 00
Coffin’s Graphical Solution of Hydraulic Problems 16mo, morocco, 2 50
Flather’s Dynamometers, and the Measurement of Power 12mo, 3 00
Folwell’s Water-supply Engineering 8vo, 4 00
Frizell’s Water-power 8vo, 5 00
Fuertes’s Water and Public Health 12mo, 1 50
Water-filtration Works 12mo, 2 50
Ganguillet and Kutter’s General Formula for the Uniform Flow of Water in
Rivers and Other Channels. (Hering and Trautwine.) 8vo, 4 00
Hazen’s Filtration of Public Water-supply 8vo, 3 00
Hazlehurst’s Towers and Tanks for Water-works 8vo, 2 50
Herschel’s 115 Experiments on the Carrying Capacity of Large, Riveted, Metal
Conduits 8vo, 2 00
Mason’s Water-supply. (Considered Principally From a Sanitary
Standpoint.) 8vo, 4 00
Merriman’s Treatise on Hydraulics 8vo, 5 00
* Michie’s Elements of Analytical Mechanics 8vo, 4 00
Schuyler’s Reservoirs for Irrigation, Water-power, and Domestic
Water-supply Large 8vo, 5 00
** Thomas and Watt’s Improvement of Rivers. (Post., 44c. additional.) 4to, 6 00
Turneaure and Russell’s Public Water-supplies 8vo, 5 00
Wegmann’s Design and Construction of Dams 4to, 5 00
Water-supply of the City of New York From 1658 to 1895 4to, 10 00
Williams and Hazen’s Hydraulic Tables 8vo, 1 50
Wilson’s Irrigation Engineering Small 8vo, 4 00
Wolff’s Windmill as a Prime Mover 8vo, 3 00
Wood’s Turbines 8vo, 2 50
Elements of Analytical Mechanics 8vo, 3 00
MATERIALS OF ENGINEERING.
Baker’s Treatise on Masonry Construction 8vo, 5 00
Roads and Pavements 8vo, 5 00
Black’s United States Public Works Oblong 4to, 5 00
* Bovey’s Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures 8vo, 7 50
Burr’s Elasticity and Resistance of the Materials of Engineering 8vo, 7 50
Byrne’s Highway Construction 8vo, 5 00
Inspection of the Materials and Workmanship Employed in
Construction. 16mo, 3 00
Church’s Mechanics of Engineering 8vo, 6 00
Du Bois’s Mechanics of Engineering. Vol. I. Small 4to, 7 50
* Eckel’s Cements, Limes, and Plasters 8vo, 6 00
Johnson’s Materials of Construction Large 8vo, 6 00
Fowler’s Ordinary Foundations 8vo, 3 50
* Greene’s Structural Mechanics 8vo, 2 50
Keep’s Cast Iron 8vo, 2 50
Lanza’s Applied Mechanics 8vo, 7 50
Marten’s Handbook on Testing Materials. (Henning.) 2 vols. 8vo, 7 50
Maurer’s Technical Mechanics 8vo, 4 00
Merrill’s Stones for Building and Decoration 8vo, 5 00
Merriman’s Mechanics of Materials 8vo, 5 00
Strength of Materials 12mo, 1 00
Metcalf’s Steel. A Manual for Steel-users 12mo, 2 00
Patton’s Practical Treatise on Foundations 8vo, 5 00
Richardson’s Modern Asphalt Pavements 8vo, 3 00
Richey’s Handbook for Superintendents of Construction 16mo, mor., 4 00
Rockwell’s Roads and Pavements in France 12mo, 1 25
Sabin’s Industrial and Artistic Technology of Paints and Varnish 8vo, 3 00
Smith’s Materials of Machines 12mo, 1 00
Snow’s Principal Species of Wood 8vo, 3 50
Spalding’s Hydraulic Cement 12mo, 2 00
Text-book on Roads and Pavements 12mo, 2 00
Taylor and Thompson’s Treatise on Concrete, Plain and Reinforced 8vo, 5 00
Thurston’s Materials of Engineering. 3 Parts 8vo, 8 00
Part I. Non-metallic Materials of Engineering and Metallurgy 8vo, 2 00
Part II. Iron and Steel 8vo, 3 50
Part III. A Treatise on Brasses, Bronzes, and Other Alloys and their
Constituents 8vo, 2 50
Thurston’s Text-book of the Materials of Construction 8vo, 5 00
Tillson’s Street Pavements and Paving Materials 8vo, 4 00
Waddell’s De Pontibus. (A Pocket-book for Bridge Engineers.) 16mo, mor., 2 00
Specifications for Steel Bridges 12mo, 1 25
Wood’s (De V.) Treatise on the Resistance of Materials, and an Appendix on
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Wood’s (De V.) Elements of Analytical Mechanics 8vo, 3 00
Wood’s (M. P.) Rustless Coatings: Corrosion and Electrolysis of Iron and
Steel 8vo, 4 00
RAILWAY ENGINEERING.
Andrew’s Handbook for Street Railway Engineers 3×5 inches, morocco, 1 25
Berg’s Buildings and Structures of American Railroads 4to, 5 00
Brook’s Handbook of Street Railroad Location 16mo, morocco, 1 50
Butt’s Civil Engineer’s Field-book 16mo, morocco, 2 50
Crandall’s Transition Curve 16mo, morocco, 1 50
Railway and Other Earthwork Tables 8vo, 1 50
Dawson’s “Engineering” and Electric Traction Pocket-book 16mo, morocco, 5 00
Dredge’s History of the Pennsylvania Railroad: (1879) Paper, 5 00
* Drinker’s Tunnelling, Explosive Compounds, and Rock
Drills 4to, half mor., 25 00
Fisher’s Table of Cubic Yards Cardboard, 25
Godwin’s Railroad Engineers’ Field-book and Explorers’ Guide 16mo, mor., 2 50
Howard’s Transition Curve Field-book 16mo, morocco, 1 50
Hudson’s Tables for Calculating the Cubic Contents of Excavations and
Embankments 8vo, 1 00
Molitor and Beard’s Manual for Resident Engineers 16mo, 1 00
Nagle’s Field Manual for Railroad Engineers 16mo, morocco, 3 00
Philbrick’s Field Manual for Engineers 16mo, morocco, 3 00
Searles’s Field Engineering 16mo, morocco, 3 00
Railroad Spiral 16mo, morocco, 1 50
Taylor’s Prismoidal Formulæ and Earthwork 8vo, 1 50
* Trautwine’s Method of Calculating the Cube Contents of Excavations and
Embankments by the Aid of Diagrams 8vo, 2 00
The Field Practice of Laying Out Circular Curves for
Railroads. 12mo, morocco, 2 50
Cross-section Sheet Paper, 25
Webb’s Railroad Construction 16mo, morocco, 5 00
Wellington’s Economic Theory of the Location of Railways Small 8vo, 5 00
DRAWING.
Barr’s Kinematics of Machinery 8vo, 2 50
* Bartlett’s Mechanical Drawing 8vo, 3 00
* Bartlett’s Mechanical Drawing Abridged Ed. 8vo, 1 50
Coolidge’s Manual of Drawing 8vo, paper, 1 00
Coolidge and Freeman’s Elements of General Drafting for Mechanical
Engineers Oblong 4to, 2 50
Durley’s Kinematics of Machines 8vo, 4 00
Emch’s Introduction to Projective Geometry and its Applications 8vo, 2 50
Hill’s Text-book on Shades and Shadows, and Perspective 8vo, 2 00
Jamison’s Elements of Mechanical Drawing 8vo, 2 50
Advanced Mechanical Drawing 8vo, 2 00
Jones’s Machine Design:
Part I. Kinematics of Machinery 8vo, 1 50
Part II. Form, Strength, and Proportions of Parts 8vo, 3 00
MacCord’s Elements of Descriptive Geometry 8vo, 3 00
Kinematics; or, Practical Mechanism 8vo, 5 00
Mechanical Drawing 4to, 4 00
Velocity Diagrams 8vo, 1 50
MacLeod’s Descriptive Geometry Small 8vo, 1 50
* Mahan’s Descriptive Geometry and Stone-cutting 8vo, 1 50
Industrial Drawing. (Thompson.) 8vo, 3 50
Moyer’s Descriptive Geometry 8vo, 2 00
Reed’s Topographical Drawing and Sketching 4to, 5 00
Reid’s Course in Mechanical Drawing 8vo, 2 00
Text-book of Mechanical Drawing and Elementary Machine Design 8vo, 3 00
Robinson’s Principles of Mechanism 8vo, 3 00
Schwamb and Merrill’s Elements of Mechanism 8vo, 3 00
Smith’s (R. S.) Manual of Topographical Drawing. (McMillan.) 8vo, 2 50
Smith (A. W.) and Marx’s Machine Design 8vo, 3 00
Warren’s Elements of Plane and Solid Free-hand Geometrical Drawing 12mo, 1 00
Drafting Instruments and Operations 12mo, 1 25
Manual of Elementary Projection Drawing 12mo, 1 50
Manual of Elementary Problems in the Linear Perspective of Form and
Shadow 12mo, 1 00
Plane Problems in Elementary Geometry 12mo, 1 25
Warren’s Primary Geometry 12mo, 75
Elements of Descriptive Geometry, Shadows, and Perspective 8vo, 3 50
General Problems of Shades and Shadows 8vo, 3 00
Elements of Machine Construction and Drawing 8vo, 7 50
Problems, Theorems, and Examples in Descriptive Geometry 8vo, 2 50
Weisbach’s Kinematics and Power of Transmission. (Hermann and
Klein.) 8vo, 5 00
Whelpley’s Practical Instruction in the Art of Letter Engraving 12mo, 2 00
Wilson’s (H. M.) Topographic Surveying 8vo, 3 50
Wilson’s (V. T.) Free-hand Perspective 8vo, 2 50
Wilson’s (V. T.) Free-hand Lettering 8vo, 1 00
Woolf’s Elementary Course in Descriptive Geometry Large 8vo, 3 00
ELECTRICITY AND PHYSICS.
Anthony and Brackett’s Text-book of Physics. (Magie.) Small 8vo, 3 00
Anthony’s Lecture-notes on the Theory of Electrical Measurements 12mo, 1 00
Benjamin’s History of Electricity 8vo, 3 00
Voltaic Cell 8vo, 3 00
Classen’s Quantitative Chemical Analysis by Electrolysis. (Boltwood.) 8vo, 3 00
Crehore and Squier’s Polarizing Photo-chronograph 8vo, 3 00
Dawson’s “Engineering” and Electric Traction Pocket-book 16mo, morocco, 5 00
Dolezalek’s Theory of the Lead Accumulator (Storage Battery). (Von
Ende.) 12mo, 2 50
Duhem’s Thermodynamics and Chemistry. (Burgess.) 8vo, 4 00
Flather’s Dynamometers, and the Measurement of Power 12mo, 3 00
Gilbert’s De Magnete. (Mottelay.) 8vo, 2 50
Hanchett’s Alternating Currents Explained 12mo, 1 00
Hering’s Ready Reference Tables (Conversion Factors) 16mo, morocco, 2 50
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Transcriber’s Notes:—
The ToC (Table of Contents) has been changed so as to follow the structure of the book more faithfully.
The original ToC is given here:—
CONTENTS.
PAGE
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION. 1
II. CONTINUOUS FILTERS AND THEIR CONSTRUCTION 5
Sedimentation-basins 8
Size of Filter-beds 10
Covers for Filters 12
III. FILTERING-MATERIALS 20
Sand 20
Gravel 35
Underdrains 39
Depth of Water on Filters 45
IV. RATE OF FILTRATION AND LOSS OF HEAD 47
Rate of Filtration 47
Loss of Head and Apparatus for
regulating it 52
Limit to the Loss of Head 60
V. CLEANING FILTERS 68
Scraping 68
Frequency of Scraping 72
Sand-washing 76
VI. THEORY AND EFFICIENCY OF FILTRATION 83
Bacterial Examination of Waters 93
VII. INTERMITTENT FILTRATION 97
The Lawrence Filter 100
The Chemnitz Filter 107
VIII. TURBIDITY AND COLOR, AND THE EFFECT OF MUD
UPON SAND FILTERS 113
Color 114
Turbidity 117
Preliminary Processes to remove Mud 133
Effect of Mud upon Sand Filters 137
IX. COAGULATION OF WATERS 144
Substances used for Coagulation 145
Amount of Coagulant required to remove
Turbidity 150
Amount of Coagulant required to remove
Color 153
Successive Applications of Coagulant 154
Amount of Coagulant which Waters will
receive 155
X. MECHANICAL FILTERS 159
Influence of Amount of Coagulant on
Bacterial Efficiency 165
Types of Mechanical Filters 172
XI. OTHER METHODS OF FILTRATION 181
XII. REMOVAL OF IRON FROM GROUND-WATERS 186
Cause of Iron in Ground-waters 187
Treatment of Iron-containing Waters 189
Iron-removal Plants in Operation 192
XIII. TREATMENT OF WATERS 197
Cost of Filtration 200
XIV. WATER-SUPPLY AND DISEASE 210
APPENDIX I. GERMAN OFFICIAL REGULATION IN
REGARD TO FILTRATION 221
II. EXTRACTS FROM DR. REINCKE’S
REPORT UPON THE HEALTH OF
HAMBURG FOR 1892 226
III. METHODS OF SAND-ANALYSIS 233
IV. STATISTICS OF SOME FILTERS 241
Results of Operation 241
List of Sand Filters in Use 244
List of Mechanical Filters in
Use 247
Notes regarding Sand Filters
in America 251
Extent of the Use of Filters 254
V. WATER-SUPPLY OF LONDON 255
VI. WATER-SUPPLY OF BERLIN 261
VII. WATER-SUPPLY OF ALTONA 265
VIII. WATER-SUPPLY OF HAMBURG 269
IX. NOTES ON SOME OTHER EUROPEAN
SUPPLIES 272
X. LITERATURE OF FILTRATION 277
XI. THE ALBANY FILTRATION PLANT 288
INDEX 317
In the table of “ANALYSES OF SANDS USED IN WATER FILTRATION” the place
name “Owesty” has been corrested to read “Oswestry”.
On page 270 the statement “the velocity in the drain will reach 0.97
foot” should probably read “0.97 feet per second”.