CHAPTER XIV._The Second War with England, Vol. 2 of 2

DARTMOOR PRISON.

Impressed Americans made prisoners of war -- Treatment of

prisoners -- Prison Ships -- Dartmoor prison -- Neglect of

American prisoners -- Their sufferings -- Fourth of July in

Dartmoor -- Brutal attack of the French prisoners -- Fresh

arrivals -- Joy at the news of our naval victories --

Sufferings of the prisoners in winter -- American Government

allows them three cents per diem -- Moral effect of this

notice of Government -- Napoleon's downfall -- Increased

allowance of Government -- Industry of prisoners -- Attempts

to escape -- Extraordinary adventure of a lieutenant of a

privateer -- Number of prisoners increased -- A riot to

obtain bread -- Dartmoor massacre -- Messrs. King and

L'Arpent appointed commissioners to investigate it --

Decision -- The end.

A short chapter is due to those who, though not engaged in battle,

suffered equally for their country, and despite the oppression and

want which drove them well nigh to despair, refused to be faithless to

the land that had nurtured them. The conduct of the land and naval

officers to a vanquished enemy, did not present a more striking

contrast than that of the two governments towards prisoners who had

never taken up arms. Those placed in confinement by us were never

allowed to suffer through want of clothing or food, while a barbarity

characterized the treatment of American citizens that reflects the

deepest disgrace on the British empire.

[Illustration: Dartmoor Prison.]

When the declaration of war was made, the English vessels had a vast

number of American seamen on board, most of them impressed, who flatly

refused to fight against their country. Many of these, without having

received the pay due them, were then sent to England as prisoners of

war. Captures at sea swelled the number rapidly, which in the end

amounted to nearly six thousand men. Officers of privateersmen and

merchantmen on parole, were sent to Devonshire or Berkshire, where on

thirty-three and a quarter cents per diem, they were allowed to

subsist in comparative comfort; but the common sailors and merchant

captains were scattered about in different prisons, the most, however,

being collected and placed on board two old line-of-battle-ships in

Portsmouth harbor. Hence, after a short imprisonment, characterized by

a brutality not often found among half-civilized nations, they were

transferred to Dartmoor prison, seventeen miles inland. This dreaded

prison was situated high up on the side of a barren mountain,

overlooking a bleak and desolate moor. It consisted of seven

buildings, surrounded by two walls, the first a mile in extent and

sixteen feet high; the second, thirty feet from the first, and

surmounted by guards overlooking the spaces within. Each prison had

but one apartment on a floor, around which, in tiers, six on a side,

the hammocks were slung. Into one of these large cold apartments,

nearly five hundred American prisoners were crowded during the year

1813. Their own Government had not then provided any thing towards

their expenses, and they were dependent entirely on the allowance of

the British officials. The garments they brought with them, at length

wearing out, they were reduced to the most miserable shifts to cover

their persons. As soon as it was dark, this half-famished multitude

was turned into their prison, and left without a light to pass the

long and dreary winter nights. Filthy, ragged, covered with vermin,

they strolled around the yard in the day time, or lay basking in the

sun to obtain a little warmth, and moody and despairing, gradually

sank, through degrading companionship and the demoralization of want

and suffering, lower and lower in the scale of humanity. A single

bucket, only, containing the food, was allowed to a mess, around which

they gathered with the avidity of starving men, and each with his

wooden spoon struggled to eat fastest and most. To add to their

sufferings the small-pox broke out among them, carrying many to their

graves. Faint and far echoes from home would now and then rekindle

hope in their bosoms, to be succeeded only by blank despair.

The better portion strove manfully to arrest the tendency around them

to degradation, and constituted themselves a court to try offenders.

When theft was proved on one, a punishment of twenty-seven lashes was

inflicted. They also used every inducement to prevent the sailors from

enlisting in the British service, to which last resort many were

driven, to escape the horrors of that gloomy prison.

When the 4th of July arrived, they determined to celebrate the

national anniversary in their own prison, and so having by some means

obtained two American standards, they placed them at the two ends of

the building, outside the walls, and forming into two columns marched

up and down the yard, singing patriotic songs, whistling patriotic

tunes, and cheering the flag of their country. The keeper, hearing of

it, ordered the turnkeys to take away the flags; but the prisoners

sent to him, requesting as a particular favor that they might be

allowed to celebrate the anniversary of their country's independence,

adding if he insisted on attacking their colors he must take the

consequences. The guards were then ordered in, when a scuffle ensued,

in which one flag was taken, but the prisoners bore the other off in

triumph to their room. At evening, when the guards came as usual to

shut them up, a great deal of severe language and opprobrious epithets

were used, stigmatizing the pitiful revenge in taking away their

flags as mean and contemptible. Retorts followed, blows succeeded, and

finally the guard fired on the crowd, wounding two men. Thus ended the

4th of July, 1813, in Dartmoor.

In the apartments above the Americans, were crowded nearly a thousand

French prisoners, miserable outcasts, with scarcely any thing left of

our common humanity but the form. Many of them were entirely naked,

and slept on the stone floor, stretched out like so many swine. The

moment clothing was given them they would gamble it away. These

wretches formed a conspiracy to murder all the Americans. Arming

themselves with whatever weapon they could lay hands on, they

contrived one morning to get into the yard before the latter, and as

the first group of Americans, a hundred and fifty in number, emerged

into the open air, fell upon them with the ferocity of fiends. Passing

between them and the prison, they blocked the entrance to prevent the

others from coming to the rescue. A wild scene of confusion and tumult

followed. The French succeeded in stabbing and knocking down and

mangling nearly every American, and would doubtless have beaten the

whole to death had not the guard, attracted by the cries for help and

shrieks of murder, rushed in, and by a bayonet charge ended the fray.

A great number of the Americans were more or less injured and twenty

shockingly mangled.

The succeeding months passed drearily away, with nothing occurring to

break the weary monotony of life, except at long intervals the arrival

of a fresh squad of prisoners. This was an event in their existence,

and replaced them once more in communication with the outward world.

The new comers were lions for the time. Eager groups gathered around

each one, impatiently asking after the news, and how the war got on.

The triumphs of our navy made them forget, for awhile, the gloom of

their dismal abode. Every action had to be described over and over

again, losing nothing by Jack's embellishments--the narration ever and

anon interrupted with huzzas and acclamations. They would lie for

hours awake in their hammocks, listening to the recital of the

marvellous sea-fights in which "free trade and sailors' rights" were

gallantly maintained, and cheers would burst out of the darkness,

ringing down through the tiers of cots that lined the walls.

During the autumn of 1813, a fresh arrival of prisoners brought the

news of Perry's victory on Lake Erie, and the capture of the Boxer by

the Enterprise. These were the occasion of great rejoicing, and while

the more intelligent and respectable portion of the captives discussed

the victories calmly, the hundreds of common seamen shook the prison

walls with their uproarious mirth and unbounded exultation.

[Sidenote: 1813.]

The sufferings of the prisoners were the greatest during this

winter. They were allowed no fire and no light, although the windows

were not glazed; and locked within the cold damp stone walls at the

close of the short winter days, were compelled to spend the long

winter evenings in darkness, whiling away the time in telling

stories--keeping warm by huddling together, or creeping to their

hammocks with but a single tattered blanket to protect them from the

cold. To make their wretchedness complete, the winter set in with a

severity not felt before for half a century, and which has had no

parallel since. The mountain on which the prison stood was covered

with snow to the depth of from two to four feet. The stream running

through the prison yard, and the buckets of water in the prisoners'

room were frozen solid. Most of the prisoners being protected only

by rags, and destitute of shoes, they could not go out into the yard

at all, for it was covered with snow, but lay crouched in their

hammocks all day and all night. The strong were bowed in gloom and

despair, and the weak perished in protracted agonies. To fill up the

measure of their sufferings, the commanding officer issued an order

compelling them to turn out at nine o'clock in the morning, and

stand in the yard till the guard counted them. This took nearly an

hour, during which time the poor fellows stood barefoot in the snow,

benumbed by the cold and pierced by the bleak December blasts that

swept the desolate mountain, and hurled the snow in clouds through

the air. Unable to bear this dreadful exposure, the prisoners cut up

their bedding and made garments and socks for their feet to protect

them from the frost, and slept on the cold floor. Morning after

morning, hardy men overcome by the cold, fell lifeless in presence

of their keepers, and were carried to the hospital, where they were

resuscitated, only to be sent back to shiver and suffer on the icy

floor of their prison. The better class remonstrated against this

useless cruelty, but without effect.

[Sidenote: Dec.]

At length, in the latter part of the month, the agent was removed, and

Captain Shortland took his place, who immediately revoked the order

requiring the prisoners to be counted--represented strongly to the

board of transport the condition they were in, and used all the means

in his power to alleviate their sufferings and ameliorate the horrors

of their confinement. Still, no clothing was furnished, and the cold

was intense. The camp distemper also broke out, and many were not

sorry to take it, in order to get in the more comfortable quarters of

the hospital.

Mr. Beasely was agent for American prisoners of war in England, to

whom those at Dartmoor constantly appealed for help. Receiving no

answers to their repeated appeals, they denounced him as unfeeling and

indifferent to their distress. At last, enraged at the neglect of

their own Government, as represented in Mr. Beasely, and maddened by

suffering, they drew up a paper and sent it to him, in which they

declared that unless relief was granted they would offer, _en masse_,

their services to the British Government. To this no answer was

received for about a month, when a letter arrived, announcing that the

United States would allow them about three cents a day to buy soap and

tobacco with. Slight as this relief was, it shed sunshine through that

prison. True, it was not sufficient to purchase them clothing; it did

more, however; it showed that they were recognized by their

Government--they were no longer disowned, forgotten men, but stood

once more in communication with the land of their birth, and

acknowledged to be American citizens. The moral effect of this

consciousness was wonderful, and notwithstanding their nakedness and

forlorn appearance, the prisoners felt at once a new dignity. A

committee was appointed to suppress gambling, and a petition got up to

separate them from the blacks, who were irredeemably given over to

thieving. Previous to this ninety-five had entered the British

service; now every one spurned the thought. They never would desert

the country that owned them as sons.

In the spring the rigorous restrictions laid on them were relaxed, and

they were allowed the privilege of the French prisoners. Free access

to the other prisoners and to the market were given, and they

established a coffee-house in their prison, selling coffee at a penny

a pint. From French officers they learned the news of the day. The

world was thus again thrown open to them, and though the prospect of

exchange grew dimmer and dimmer, they resigned themselves with more

tranquillity to their contemplated long confinement. In the mean time

money began to arrive from friends at home, on which, as a capital,

the recipients set up as tobacconists, butter and potatoe merchants,

etc. Imitating the French, they learned to be economical, and invent

methods of increasing their revenue. The bones left from their beef

were converted into beautifully wrought miniature ships. Others

plaited straw for hats, made hair bracelets, list shoes, etc., turning

that gloomy receptacle of despairing, reckless men, into a perfect

hive of industry. Soon after, another letter from Mr. Beasely arrived,

stating that six cents a week, in addition to the former sum, would in

future be allowed, per man. This little sum diffused new pleasure

around, and filled every heart with animation and hope. They could now

purchase clothing and other little articles, necessary to render

their appearance becoming American citizens.

Succeeding this came the news of Napoleon's downfall and termination

of the continental war. The French prisoners were, of course,

released, and the Americans purchased out their stock in trade,

utensils, &c.

Among the prisoners were gray-haired men, and boys from thirteen to

seventeen years of age. For the latter a school was established, to

instruct them in reading, writing, and arithmetic. Soon another

welcome letter was received, announcing that the United States would

hereafter clothe them. Clad in clean new, though coarse clothing, they

now trod the yards of their prison with a manly bearing. The sense of

inferiority was gone, and the characteristic boldness and independence

of the American seamen again shone forth. They would argue with

English officers on the war, repel insult, and denounce every act of

cruelty or fraud as freely as if on their own soil.

The English Government having resolved to make Dartmoor the general

depot of the prisoners, fresh arrivals soon swelled the number to

fourteen hundred. [Sidenote: 1814.] Being now in a better condition,

they resolved to celebrate the approaching 4th of July with becoming

pomp. American colors were obtained, two hogsheads of porter and some

rum purchased, and a grand dinner of soup and beef prepared. Early in

the morning the flag was run up, and as it flaunted to the wind, "ALL

CANADA, OR DARTMOOR PRISON FOR EVER!" was seen inscribed upon its

folds. At eleven the prisoners assembled, while the walls around were

lined with the English soldiers and officers and clerks, curious to

hear what kind of an oration a Yankee sailor would make. Mounted on a

cask, the orator launched at once into the war, showed how we had been

forced into it by the injustice of England, and dwelt with great

unction on the separate naval victories the brave tars had gained.

Dinner followed, the grog circulated freely, toasts were given, and a

song composed expressly for the occasion sung. Mirth and hilarity

ruled the hour, and the walls of that old prison shook to the

deafening cheers and boisterous mirth of these sons of the ocean.

Soon after a plan of escape was put in execution, and for a long time

proceeded without detection. Every prisoner was sworn to secresy, and

a court organized to try any informer, who in case of conviction, was

to be hung. Shafts were sunk in the ground--the hole at the top being

carefully concealed--and broad excavations began and worked towards

the walls, beyond which they were to come to the surface. A traitor,

however, was found, who for the price of his liberty revealed all.

From time to time some of the prisoners made their escape, but most

of them were retaken before they reached the sea-board.[12]

[Footnote 12: A most daring and successful attempt was made by one of

the lieutenants of the privateer Rattlesnake. Having bribed one of the

sentinels with six guineas, to give him the countersign, he let

himself down with a rope, eighty feet, to the ground, and was just

about to pass the gate, when the villain who had received the six

guineas, informed against him. Enraged at the act, the lieutenant

sprung on him with his dagger, but was seized and bound before he

could plunge it in his heart. Arraigned before Capt. Shortland, he was

asked how he obtained the countersign. Lieutenant G---- replied, that

if the sentinel had behaved honorably to him, death itself could not

have wrested his name from him, for it was the character of Americans

always to keep their engagements; but, as he had deceived him, he

should suffer for it. The culprit's name was then given, and he

received three hundred lashes. Shortland then told the lieutenant he

was a brave man, and pledged his honor, if he would not again attempt

to escape, he would procure his exchange. The latter replied, that he

had seen too much of the honor of British officers, ever to take their

word, and he should escape that very night. The keeper assured him the

attempt would be fatal, as he should double the sentinels, and if he

made it he would most certainly be shot. Lieutenant G---- said he did

not care--death was preferable to that detestable prison. Having

obtained the countersign again, for three guineas, he that very night

lowered himself down, and though challenged seventeen times, passed

safely out. Keeping the fields he made his way to the sea-coast, where

he found a boat eighteen feet long, with one oar in it. In this frail

vessel, without provision or water, he determined to put to sea, and

cross the channel, one hundred miles, to France. Sculling it till he

got off shore, he converted his umbrella and clothes into a sail, and

stood boldly away. When about half way over, he discovered a

brig-of-war. The sea was running high at the time, but he immediately

took down the sail, and laid himself flat in the boat, to avoid being

seen. After the brig had passed him, he again hoisted sail, and after

a passage of thirty-six hours, landed safely in France.]

The number of prisoners continued to increase, so that by autumn, over

five thousand were congregated in the prison. Before they were

released, the number was swelled to five thousand six hundred and

ninety-three. Frequent collisions occurred between them and the

officers, which embittered the animosity of the latter, and finally

brought on a bloody catastrophe.

With the approach of winter great suffering was experienced. The

malignant small-pox again broke out, and raged with fatal violence

amid this army of men.

The news of the treaty of peace, however, dissipated, for a time, all

their gloom, and diffused joy and hope through the prisons. The word

"HOME," was on every man's lips, and a speedy release from that den of

horrors and suffering was expected. But the gloomy winter passed, and

spring came, without mitigating their condition or restoring them to

freedom. The prisoners became exasperated. The two countries having

been so long at peace, they felt themselves entitled to their freedom.

They were no longer prisoners of war, but by the very act of the

treaty, American freemen. They burnt Mr. Beasely, the American agent,

in effigy, railed at their keepers, and swore they would make their

escape by violence if not soon released.

On the fourth of April, Captain Shortland having gone to Plymouth,

they were not allowed any bread. Bearing the privation patiently, for

thirty-six hours, they resolved to break open the store-house and

supply themselves. So at dark as the officers entered the yard and

cried out, "_Turn in! Turn in!_" a signal previously agreed on was

given, and in an instant the excited thousands moved in one dark mass

towards the gates. One after another gave way before the tremendous

pressure, and these maddened hungry men rushed around the depot of

provisions, their shouts and cries ringing over the alarm bells and

beat of drums, that summoned the garrison to arms. The alarm spread to

the neighboring villages, and the militia began to pour in. In a few

moments the soldiers advanced with charged bayonets towards the

multitude, when they were sternly ordered off by the prisoners, who

swore that if they dared fire or charge, they would charge in turn,

and level that store-house to the ground, and march out of prison. The

officers, fearing the result of such a contest, prudently promised to

give them their usual supply if they would retire to their respective

prisons. They did so, and quiet was restored. The bold and successful

manner in which the Americans had overawed the soldiery and coerced

submission to their demands, irritated them highly, and made them wish

for a good opportunity to retaliate. [Sidenote: April 6.] This was

soon furnished. Two days after, Captain Shortland, who had returned,

observed a hole in that portion of the inner wall which separated two

of the prison yards from the barracks, and suspecting, or pretending

to suspect it was made by the prisoners for the purpose of escaping,

he immediately ordered the alarm bells to be rung and the drums to

beat. The prisoners, surprised and excited, rushed towards the gates

of the yard to ascertain the cause of the alarm. The thousands behind

pushing forward the thousands before, they became packed in an

impenetrable mass at the entrance, and the pressure was so great that

some were forced out through one of the gates that gave way. In the

midst of the confusion, Shortland entered the inner square with the

whole garrison. The soldiers advanced close to the throng, when the

prisoners retired towards their respective yards. Doubtless amid such

a vast and motley collection of men, many taunted the soldiers,

provoked them, and dared them to fire. Still they yielded before the

bayonet, and entered their own yard. The gates were shut, but a large

crowd remained in the passage, provoking the soldiers, from whom they

were separated by an iron railing, and threatening them with

vengeance. While in this position the order to fire was given.

Immediately the massacre commenced. Volley after volley was poured

into the terrified crowd, pushing down and trampling on each other in

their haste to reach the shelter of the prisons. Men were killed in

the act of supplicating mercy, others were shot down while struggling

to enter the prison doors. It was cold-blooded murder, and before all

the prisoners could get within the walls, over sixty were killed or

wounded. When the living had all escaped to a place of shelter, and

the carnage was over, the prison yard presented a ghastly spectacle.

The man of sixty, the sailor in his prime, and the boy of fifteen, lay

scattered around, while the groans of the wounded were borne to the

ears of the enraged prisoners within. A sullen silence fell on those

gloomy structures, the flags were raised half-mast, in token of

mourning, and the prisoners assembled together and appointed a

committee to report on the matter.

Although the coroner's jury over the slain gave a verdict of

justifiable homicide, our Government took up the matter, and appointed

Charles King to meet Mr. Larpent, the English commissioner, and

investigate it. In their report no one was declared culpable, though

it was freely admitted wrong had been done. Mr. King was severely

censured for his conduct, but it was not easy to come to a just

conclusion, when the testimony of the two parties were so entirely at

variance. Mr. Larpent was bound to believe the assertions of Captain

Shortland and his troops, as much as Mr. King those of the prisoners.

Capt. Shortland declared he never gave the order to fire, and

attempted to arrest it after it had begun. This, of course, the

prisoners denied, some of them swearing they heard him give the

order. One thing, however, is certain; Mr. King never should have let

this massacre of Americans pass, with so slight a condemnation as it

received at his hands. In the first place, there is good reason to

doubt whether Captain Shortland believed there was any great danger at

all. A hole in a wall, only large enough to admit the passage of a

single man at a time, could easily be stopped up without ringing alarm

bells and beating drums, especially as that hole communicated with

only two out of five of the yards, and when in three of these yards

the prisoners were walking about in their usual quiet manner. Nor

could he believe they meditated an escape, when they had just received

word that preparations were nearly completed for their restoration to

liberty. Where could they escape to without money or clothing?

Besides, if they wished to free themselves by violence, why did they

not do it two days before, when they had completely cowed the soldiers

and had only to march forth without farther resistance.

In the second place, he deserved disgrace and punishment, for

allowing the soldiers to press on the multitude, when he saw them

evidently, or the great mass of them, retiring to their prisons. To

fire on a mob, unless they are pressing forward to assail authority

and force, is brutal. If he gave the order to fire, he should have

been hung. If he did not, he should be held responsible for having

such undisciplined troops under his command. An act like this cannot

be committed and nobody be deserving of reprehension. The commander

of a garrison cannot so escape responsibility. The probability is,

enraged at the conduct of the prisoners in forcing the soldiers to

yield to their demands two days before, he resolved to punish the

first attempt at insubordination, and irritated at the insolence and

taunts of some of them, he in a fit of passion gave the order to

fire. Conscience-smitten afterwards, and fearing disgrace and

punishment, he endeavored to cover up the dark transaction.

Mr. King had rather, at any time, smooth over a quarrel, than increase

the exasperation by dealing sternly with its causes. With his thousand

noble and excellent qualities, he lacked the energy of will and

unflinching severity necessary to probe such a difficulty to the

bottom, and see that justice was done at whatever cost. A great wrong

was committed, though doubtless with good intentions and a patriotic

heart.

_The following_ TAX TABLES, _showing the relative amount of taxation

during the last two years of the war, are extracted from voluminous

tables found in the revenue department. The whole to be found in

Ingersoll's History of the War of 1812._

_Internal Duties which accrued on Stills and Boilers._

+----------------------+-------------------------+------------------------+

| | In 1814. | In 1815. |

| STATES OR |-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

+----------------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

| New Hampshire | 3,982 50 | 213 90 | 888 69 | 3,015 90 |

| Massachusetts | 33,735 64 | 39,272 28 | 23,381 83 | 57,959 11 |

| Vermont | 31,836 54 | | 14,263 | |

| Rhode Island | 6,918 73 | 9,346 50 | 4,073 28 | 8,440 80 |

| Connecticut | 50,067 34 | 50,867 66 | 3,524 65 | |

| New York | 225,979 31 | 6,201 45 | 120,522 03 | 10,299 23 |

| New Jersey | 54,845 67 | 25,033 72 | 4,953 90 | |

| Pennsylvania | 392,536 23 | 56 70 | 228,042 13 | |

| Delaware | 4,457 64 | | 209 11 | |

| Maryland | 60,378 10 | | 28,910 87 | |

| Virginia | 264,135 97 | 3 50 | 87,702 63 | |

| North Carolina | 87,738 22 | | 13,353 81 | |

| Ohio | 75,596 85 | | 33,819 16 | |

| Kentucky | 141,157 50 | | 57,807 62 | |

| South Carolina | 66,941 37 | 1,425 00 | 12,615 84 | 2,550 77 |

| Tennessee | 77,091 59 | 34,244 77 | | |

| Georgia | 29,262 34 | 925 00 | 14,929 56 | 864 00 |

| Louisiana | 7,741 84 | | 6,109 72 | |

| Illinois Territory | 605 35 | | 214 91 | |

| Indiana " | 2,358 50 | | 923 20 | |

| Missouri " | 2,033 95 | | 1,631 08 | |

| Mississippi " | 1,862 41 | | 958 48 | |

| District of Columbia | 279 27 | | | |

+----------------------+-------------+-----------+------------+-----------|

| Total |1,621,542 86 | 57,444 33 | 760,804 22 | 91,608 36 |

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Spirits distilled in the United

States._

+---------------------+-----------------------------------------+

| | In 1815. |

| +----------------------------+------------+

| STATES OR | Domestic materials. | Foreign |

| TERRITORIES. | | materials. |

| +--------------+-------------+------------+

+---------------------+--------------+-------------+------------+

| | | | |

|New Hampshire | 861 81 | 137 05 | 4,840 81 |

|Massachusetts | 29,877 84 | 1,548 14 | 110,147 27 |

|Vermont | 18,017 56 | 816 14 | |

|Rhode Island | 6,097 71 | | 12,185 97 |

|Connecticut | 52,996 04 | 3,692 09 | 5,645 20 |

|New York | 199,645 92 | 5,672 31 | 15,519 65 |

|New Jersey | 69,081 42 | 10,329 74 | 5,477 20 |

|Pennsylvania | 381,484 71 | 38,393 24 | |

|Delaware | 600 35 | 22,295 38 | |

|Maryland | 66,177 25 | 32,428 34 | |

|Virginia | 179,387 95 | 201,566 82 | |

|North Carolina | 21,961 11 | 175,922 07 | |

|Ohio | 56,653 68 | 15,128 83 | |

|Kentucky | 114,644 40 | 39,569 10 | |

|South Carolina | 19,640 77 | 68,107 41 | 3,391 30 |

|Tennessee | 55,284 66 | 56,573 59 | |

|Georgia | 17,563 00 | 65,162 75 | 2,021 60 |

|Louisiana | 12,756 54 | 177 35 | |

|Illinois Territory | 549 23 | 701 26 | |

|Indiana " | 641 50 | 2,508 17 | |

|Missouri " | 833 50 | 622 89 | |

|Mississippi " | 583 37 | 1,045 90 | |

+---------------------+--------------+-------------+------------+

| Total | 1,305,340 39 | 742,398 57 | 159,229 00 |

+---------------------+--------------+-------------+------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Carriages._

+----------------------+---------------------+---------------------+

| STATES OR | In 1814. | In 1815. |

| TERRITORIES. +--------+------------+--------+------------+

+----------------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+

| New Hampshire | 3,279 | 6,895 51 | 3,337 | 4,514 09 |

| Massachusetts | 14,934 | 33,995 64 | 14,184 | 21,748 49 |

| Vermont | 1,227 | 2,890 24 | 1,628 | 2,443 09 |

| Rhode Island | 1,232 | 2,877 50 | 722 | 1,123 03 |

| Connecticut | 5,262 | 13,419 80 | 6,319 | 10,202 46 |

| New York | 6,499 | 22,834 15 | 7,715 | 18,675 91 |

| New Jersey | 4,502 | 16,781 26 | 7,892 | 14,790 02 |

| Pennsylvania | 7,848 | 26,800 80 | 8,361 | 20,076 29 |

| Delaware | 2,261 | 5,228 21 | 2,081 | 4,018 58 |

| Maryland | 5,014 | 17,676 78 | 4,550 | 13,283 87 |

| Virginia | 8,067 | 30,401 80 | 7,047 | 20,147 24 |

| North Carolina | 5,766 | 14,147 44 | 4,859 | 8,907 95 |

| Ohio | 160 | 628 36 | 219 | 732 45 |

| Kentucky | 610 | 3,025 77 | 546 | 3,192 86 |

| South Carolina | 4,560 | 15,411 58 | 4,178 | 11,345 94 |

| Tennessee | 209 | 778 22 | 154 | 781 43 |

| Georgia | 2,667 | 7,159 75 | 1,948 | 6,095 60 |

| Louisiana | 495 | 1,435 83 | 430 | 1,357 27 |

| Illinois Territory | 19 | 66 62 | 18 | 36 75 |

| Michigan " | 31 | 76 00 | 28 | 60 00 |

| Indiana " | 4 | 6 00 | 5 | 17 44 |

| Missouri " | 18 | 79 00 | 6 | 47 00 |

| Mississippi " | 78 | 371 00 | 73 | 371 98 |

| District of Columbia | 353 | 2,171 21 | 316 | 1,747 57 |

+----------------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+

| Total | 77,095 | 225,156 47 | 76,616 | 165,717 31 |

+----------------------+--------+------------+--------+------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Licenses to Retailers._

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

| STATES OR | | |

| TERRITORIES. | In 1814. | 1815. |

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

| New Hampshire | 18,449 00 | 24,535 64 |

| Massachusetts | 86,211 12 | 113,906 95 |

| Vermont | 14,417 00 | 22,337 54 |

| Rhode Island | 16,058 00 | 10,093 53 |

| Connecticut | 32,820 26 | 42,616 04 |

| New York | 174,748 76 | 201,757 84 |

| New Jersey | 29,701 00 | 35,607 87 |

| Pennsylvania | 160,939 21 | 153,018 84 |

| Delaware | 10,102 88 | 8,093 12 |

| Maryland | 49,256 20 | 58,747 36 |

| Virginia | 52,038 68 | 69,620 64 |

| North Carolina | 23,985 00 | 32,967 98 |

| Ohio | 20,574 00 | 26,923 23 |

| Kentucky | 19,255 00 | 23,789 71 |

| South Carolina | 26,599 00 | 28,142 91 |

| Tennessee | 10,462 00 | 13,280 54 |

| Georgia | 13,908 00 | 24,454 33 |

| Louisiana | 7,497 00 | 9,773 09 |

| Illinois Territory | 1,115 00 | 1,248 80 |

| Michigan " | 1,405 00 | 1,817 10 |

| Indiana " | 2,191 00 | 3,139 59 |

| Missouri " | 1,540 00 | 1,861 46 |

| Mississippi " | 3,692 00 | 4,837 74 |

| District of Columbia | 10,140 00 | 14,872 62 |

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

| | 786,005 11 | 927,444 47 |

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Sales at Auction._

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

| STATUS OR | | |

| TERRITORIES. | In 1814. | 1815. |

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

| New Hampshire | 776 07 | 2,245 79 |

| Massachusetts | 35,359 04 | 87,643 63 |

| Vermont | 14 25 | 75 20 |

| Rhode Island | 6,274 82 | 452 01 |

| Connecticut | 283 89 | 635 55 |

| New York | 48,480 35 | 332,841 64 |

| New Jersey | 3,384 32 | 949 84 |

| Pennsylvania | 34,630 74 | 229,764 45 |

| Delaware | 116 25 | 453 82 |

| Maryland | 9,623 15 | 102,758 79 |

| Virginia | 4,079 37 | 20,003 64 |

| North Carolina | 1,237 62 | 3,734 47 |

| Ohio | 549 31 | 636 22 |

| Kentucky | 270 92 | 1,371 29 |

| South Carolina | 2,631 39 | 18,401 94 |

| Tennessee | 63 31 | 291 06 |

| Georgia | 1,346 34 | 4,133 92 |

| Louisiana | 4,832 24 | 13,504 09 |

| Illinois Territory | | |

| Michigan " | 80 04 | 71 05 |

| Indiana " | | |

| Missouri " | | |

| Mississippi " | 210 13 | 750 47 |

| District of Columbia | 385 65 | 4,413 96 |

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

| | 154,629 20 | 825,132 83 |

+----------------------+--------------+--------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Refined Sugars._

+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+

| STATES OR | | |

| TERRITORIES. | In 1814. | 1815. |

+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+

| New Hampshire | | |

| Massachusetts | 3,542 36 | 4,394 17 |

| Vermont | | |

| Rhode Island | | |

| Connecticut | | |

| New York | 7,468 12 | 40,279 69 |

| New Jersey | | |

| Pennsylvania | 157 03 | 6,127 41 |

| Delaware | | |

| Maryland | | 18,619 48 |

| Virginia | 23 40 | 980 32 |

| North Carolina | | |

| Ohio | | |

| Kentucky | | |

| South Carolina | | |

| Tennessee | | |

| Georgia | | |

| Louisiana | 479 00 | 408 05 |

| Illinois Territory | | |

| Michigan " | | |

| Indiana " | | |

| Missouri " | | |

| Mississippi " | | |

| District of Columbia | | 4,413 96 |

+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+

| | 11,669 91 | 75,223 08 |

+-----------------------+-------------+-------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Stamps and in lieu of Stamps by

Banks._

+---------------------+------------------------+------------------------+

| | In 1814. | In 1815. |

| STATES OR +------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

+---------------------|------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

| New Hampshire | 773 02 | 130 21 | 646 70 | 1,020 78 |

| Massachusetts | 20,741 47 | 2,880 00 | 5,520 74 | 9,339 73 |

| Vermont | 19 60 | | 35 75 | |

| Rhode Island | 5,825 15 | 97 29 | 1,131 82 | 1,461 01 |

| Connecticut | 11,152 07 | 2,445 44 | 9,126 97 | 3,015 91 |

| New York | 87,971 51 | 8,289 31 | 57,725 72 | 18,661 48 |

| New Jersey | 5,905 82 | 1,609 04 | 4,868 90 | 2,105 66 |

| Pennsylvania | 80,580 65 | 2,874 80 | 74,470 96 | 15,638 22 |

| Delaware | 5,570 10 | 669 48 | 3,769 01 | 753 54 |

| Maryland | 35,364 67 | 7,716 21 | 47,590 18 | 8,166 19 |

| Virginia | 36,308 41 | 2,516 96 | 33,235 88 | 6,061 96 |

| North Carolina | 9,132 80 | 1,865 94 | 11,909 15 | 2,852 40 |

| Ohio | 6,781 47 | 273 79 | 8,964 82 | 1,870 65 |

| Kentucky | 8,238 69 | | 7,937 97 | 1,531 18 |

| South Carolina | 18,916 55 | 4,055 44 | 18,156 65 | 4,093 51 |

| Tennessee | 1,619 85 | | 2,118 92 | 347 77 |

| Georgia | 5,736 75 | 900 37 | 6,302 95 | 1,070 69 |

| Louisiana | 11,151 21 | 384 66 | 10,821 53 | 1,920 00 |

| Illinois Territory | 7 85 | | 4 50 | |

| Michigan " | 26 10 | | 16 35 | |

| Missouri " | 84 10 | | 1,191 02 | |

| Mississippi " | 983 03 | 138 36 | 93 90 | |

| District of Columbia| 18,053 90 | 2,713 95 | 28,569 31 | 4,507 92 |

+---------------------+------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

| Total | 370,945 27 | 39,571 25 | 334,209 70 | 84,418 10 |

+---------------------+------------+-----------+------------+-----------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Household Furniture._

+------------------------+---------------+

| STATES OR | In 1815. |

| TERRITORIES. | |

+------------------------+---------------+

| New Hampshire | 376 00 |

| Massachusetts | 677 50 |

| Vermont | 211 50 |

| Rhode Island | 782 50 |

| Connecticut | 807 00 |

| New York | 10,877 00 |

| New Jersey | 1,527 50 |

| Pennsylvania | |

| Delaware | 434 50 |

| Maryland | 580 50 |

| Virginia | 168 50 |

| North Carolina | |

| Ohio | 104 50 |

| Kentucky | |

| South Carolina | 2,854 50 |

| Tennessee | |

| Georgia | 1,050 00 |

| Louisiana | |

| Illinois Territory | |

| Michigan " | |

| Indiana " | |

| Missouri " | |

| Mississippi " | |

| District of Columbia | 1,174 00 |

+------------------------+---------------+

| Total | 21,625 50 |

+------------------------+---------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on Gold and Silver Watches._

+------------------------+---------------+

| STATES OR | In 1815. |

| TERRITORIES. | |

+------------------------+---------------+

| New Hampshire | 3,377 00 |

| Massachusetts | 4,385 50 |

| Vermont | 2,765 00 |

| Rhode Island | 2,876 00 |

| Connecticut | 5,457 00 |

| New York | 30,449 50 |

| New Jersey | 7,784 00 |

| Pennsylvania | |

| Delaware | 2,943 00 |

| Maryland | 2,408 00 |

| Virginia | 33 00 |

| North Carolina | |

| Ohio | 3,104 00 |

| Kentucky | |

| South Carolina | 5,380 00 |

| Tennessee | 252 50 |

| Georgia | 2,472 00 |

| Louisiana | |

| Illinois Territory | |

| Michigan " | |

| Indiana " | |

| Missouri " | |

| Mississippi " | |

| District of Columbia | 1,636 00 |

+------------------------+---------------+

| Total | 75,322 50 |

+------------------------+---------------+

_Internal Duties which accrued on sundry articles manufactured in the

United States._

+------------------------+----------------+

| STATES OR | In 1815. |

| TERRITORIES. | |

+------------------------+----------------+

| New Hampshire | 4,540 76 |

| Massachusetts | 56,784 89 |

| Vermont | 9,250 40 |

| Rhode Island | 910 00 |

| Connecticut | 20,504 80 |

| New York | 157,176 79 |

| New Jersey | 28,546 87 |

| Pennsylvania | 228,188 88 |

| Delaware | 10,803 31 |

| Maryland | 70,746 17 |

| Virginia | 88,154 31 |

| North Carolina | 12,801 23 |

| Ohio | 23,270 60 |

| Kentucky | 33,184 46 |

| South Carolina | 10,156 58 |

| Tennessee | 15,373 43 |

| Georgia | 8,993 25 |

| Louisiana | 1,283 03 |

| Illinois Territory | 220 14 |

| Michigan " | 39 46 |

| Indiana " | 1,064 44 |

| Missouri " | 162 68 |

| Mississippi " | 1,158 61 |

| District of Columbia | 10,309 97 |

+------------------------+----------------+

| Total | 793,625 06 |

+------------------------+----------------+

_Aggregate of internal Duties which accrued._

+----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

| DUTIES ON | In 1814. | In 1815. |

+----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

| Stills, from domestic materials | 1,621,152 86 | 760,804 22 |

| " " foreign " | 57,444 33 | 91,608 36 |

| Spirits, from domestic materials | | 2,047,738 96 |

| " " foreign " | | 159,229 00 |

| Carriages | 225,158 47 | 165,717 31 |

| Retailers | 786,005 11 | 927,444 47 |

| Sales at auction | 154,629 20 | 825,132 83 |

| Stamps | 370,945 27 | 334,209 70 |

| " Bank notes, composition | 39,571 25 | 84,418 10 |

| Household furniture | | 21,625 50 |

| Gold and silver watches | | 75,322 50 |

| Refined sugar | 11,669 91 | 75,223 08 |

| Articles manufactured in the | | |

| United States | | 793,625 06 |

+----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

| Total | 3,266,576 40 | 6,362,099 09 |

+----------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

_Direct Taxes._

+------------------------+----------------+----------------+

| STATES. | Tax of Aug. 3, | Tax of Jan. 9, |

| | 1813. | 1815. |

+------------------------+----------------+----------------+

| New Hampshire | 97,049 21 | 193,755 99 |

| Vermont | 98,534 52 | 196,789 29 |

| Massachusetts | 318,154 84 | 632,065 00 |

| Rhode Island | 34,758 86 | 69,431 78 |

| Connecticut | 118,533 63 | 236,507 38 |

| New York | 435,028 35 | 860,283 24 |

| New Jersey | 108,871 83 | 218,252 77 |

| Pennsylvania | 365,479 16 | 733,941 09 |

| Delaware | 32,294 76 | 63,847 32 |

| Maryland | 152,327 64 | 306,708 81 |

| Virginia | 369,018 44 | 739,738 06 |

| North Carolina | 220,962 98 | 440,321 11 |

| South Carolina | 151,905 48 | 303,810 96 |

| Georgia | 94,936 49 | 189,872 98 |

| Kentucky | 168,928 76 | 341,316 24 |

| Tennessee | 111,039 59 | 221,567 44 |

| Ohio | 104,150 14 | 208,300 28 |

| Louisiana | 31,621 43 | 57,519 22 |

| District of Columbia | | 20,605 86 |

+------------------------+----------------+----------------+

| Total | 3,013,596 11 | 6,034,634 82 |

+------------------------+----------------+----------------+

INDEX.

Adams the Elder, his view of the conduct of England in 1785, i. 24;

of the war, i. 66.

Adams, John Q., resigns his seat in Massachusetts Legislature, i. 31;

appointed commissioner to negotiate a peace, i. 328.

Adams, sloop of war, cruise of, ii. 165;

burnt, ii. 106.

Adair, General, commands the Kentuckians at New Orleans, ii. 221

Allen, Col., i. 179.

Allen, Captain of the Argus, his death, i. 285.

Allen, Lieutenant H., i. 258.

Appling, Major, captures the British detachment sent against

Lieutenant Woolsey, ii. 72.

Angus, Lieutenant, at Niagara, i. 113.

Argus chased by an English squadron, i. 155;

cruises in the English channel, i. 252;

captured by the Pelican, i. 254.

Armstrong, Secretary of War, i. 205;

plan of his campaign against Canada, i. 291;

his disgrace after the battle of Bladensburg, ii. 139.

Armstrong, General, Privateer, Capt. Reid, her desperate engagement

in Fayal Bay, ii. 270.

Armstrong, Lieutenant, heroism of, at the ford of Enotochopeo, ii. 34.

Armistead, Major, his gallant defence of fort McHenry, ii. 143.

Backwoodsmen at Chippewa, ii, 83.

Berlin and Milan decrees, i. 20;

revoked, i. 41.

Beaver Dams, battle of, i. 221.

Blockade, rules of the Coast, i. 259, ii. 115.

Barlow, Joel, Minister to France, i. 41.

Barney, Captain, commands flotilla in the Chesapeake, ii. 116;

at Bladensburg, ii. 125.

Boestler, Col., i. 112;

defeated at Beaver Dams, i. 221.

Brock, General, i. 83;

his death, i. 102.

Broke, Commodore, chases the Constitution, i. 137;

captures the Chesapeake, i. 246.

Brown, General, at Ogdensburg, i. 116;

defends Sackett's Harbor, i. 215;

commands on Niagara frontier, ii. 75;

at Chippewa, ii. 77;

threatens English forts on the Niagara, ii. 88;

his victory at Lundy's Lane, ii. 91;

takes command of Fort Erie, ii. 107;

his successful sortie, ii. 109.

Brooks, Lieutenant, killed on Lake Erie, i. 279.

Brooke, Colonel, succeeds General Ross, ii. 143.

Bainbridge, Captain, remonstrates with the President against

laying up the navy, i. 128;

takes command of the Constitution, i. 151;

captures the Java, i. 162;

his character, i. 167;

singular dream of, i. 167.

Battle of Queenstown, i. 101;

of Lake Erie, i. 279;

of the Thames, i. 289;

of Chrystler's field, i. 298;

of La Cole Mill, i. 313;

of Talladega, ii. 20;

of the Horse Shoe, ii. 27;

of Chippewa, ii. 77;

of Lundy's Lane, ii. 88;

of Bladenburg, ii. 124;

of Plattsburgh, ii. 155;

of New Orleans, ii. 215, 217, 221.

_Bills_ in Congress, respecting minors, i. 225, ii. 187;

army, 226;

the navy, ii. 188.

Blakely, Captain, of the Wasp, ii. 167.

Boxer taken by the Enterprise, i. 250.

Boyd, General, i. 297.

Burrows, Lieutenant, commands the Enterprise, i. 248;

captures the Boxer, his death, i. 250.

Buffalo burned, i. 300.

Bowyer Fort, defence of, ii. 201.

Beasely, agent for American prisoners in England, ii. 286.

Biddle, Captain, of the Hornet, ii. 249;

narrow escape of, from a British man of war, ii. 253, 254.

Cambria, British frigate, boards an American merchantman in

New York Bay, i. 19.

Canning, Prime Minister of Great Britain, i. 28.

Chesapeake and Leopard, i. 32;

Chesapeake captured, i. 236;

exultation in England, i. 247.

Campaign of 1813, plan of, i. 205;

Third into Canada, ii. 67.

Cabot, John, delegate to the Hartford Convention;

George elected President of, ii. 194.

_Congress_ revokes the restrictive system, i. 40;

the Twelfth, state of parties, i. 42, 43;

debates in, i. 45, 50, 52;

second session, i. 224;

Debates on bonds of Merchants, &c., i. 225;

on army bill, i. 226;

acts passed, i. 243;

Thirteenth, i. 319;

leaders of, i. 320;

first session and acts of, i. 325;

second session, i. 327;

acts of, i. 345;

third session, ii. 174;

embarrassments of, ii. 188.

Campbell, Secretary of Treasury, report, ii. 175;

resigned, ii. 177.

Campbell, General, destroys Indian villages, i. 178.

Cass, Col., i. 74, 82, 85.

Calhoun, sketch of, i. 238;

speech on repeal of embargo, i. 342.

Castlereagh, i. 53, 54;

arrival at Ghent, ii. 180.

Chauncey, Commodore, commands on Lake Ontario, i. 207;

forces Sir James Yeo into Burlington, i. 293.

Chippewa, battle of, ii. 77.

Clay, elected speaker of Congress, i. 43;

speech in reply to Randolph, i. 46;

on embargo, i. 51;

against Quincy, and on impressment in the war, i. 231;

sketch of, i. 240;

asks for investigation of British outrages, i. 262;

appointed commissioner to negotiate a peace, i. 328.

Clay, Col., relieves Harrison, i. 198;

his command destroyed, i. 199;

commands Fort Meigs, i. 199.

Coffee, General, defeats Black Warrior, ii. 14;

victory of Tallushatchee, ii. 17;

helps Jackson quell a mutiny, ii. 27;

gallantry at Emuckfaw, ii. 32;

at Enotochopeo, ii. 34;

at the Horse Shoe, ii. 39;

at New Orleans, ii. 205, 209, 220.

Chrystie Col., at Queenstown, i. 101.

Chrystler's Field, battle of, i. 298.

Creek Indians, i. 194;

war with, ii. 13-44.

Craney Island, defence of, ii. 262.

Constitution frigate sails from Annapolis, i. 136;

chased by an English squadron, i. 137;

captures the Guerriere, i. 146;

captures the Java, i. 162;

cruise of, in 1814-15, ii. 237;

captures the Cyane and Levant, ii. 238;

takes her prizes into St. Jago, ii. 240;

chased by an English fleet, ii. 242;

affection of the nation for her, ii. 243.

Commissioners appointed to negotiate a peace, i. 328;

their mortification at the arrival of the news of the burning

of Washington, ii. 117;

unfavorable news from, and their meeting at Ghent, ii. 178;

terms of the English ministers, &c., ii. 178-190.

Cochrane, Admiral, arrives in the Chesapeake, ii. 117;

bombards Fort McHenry, ii. 143.

Chandler, General, reinforces Winder in Canada, i. 218;

taken prisoner, i. 219.

Chittenden, Governor of Vermont, recalls a brigade, i. 321;

his apathy under the repeated calls of Macomb for aid, ii. 149.

Cockburn, i. 259;

plunders Hampton, i. 203;

his character, ii. 197;

conduct in the sack of Washington, ii. 128, 130.

Comet, privateer, Capt. Boyd, her engagement with three English

merchantmen and a Portuguese brig of war, ii. 265.

Covington General, killed at Chrystler's field, i. 298.

Cheves, Langdon, appointed Speaker of the Thirteenth Congress, i. 329.

Carroll, Colonel, bravery at Talladega, ii. 20;

at New Orleans, ii. 220.

Chasseur, privateer, Capt. Boyle, description of;

her engagement with the English war schooner St. Lawrence, ii. 275.

Cruelty of British naval officers, ii. 278.

Croghan, Major, bravery at Sandusky, i. 201.

Connecticut, action of her Legislature against the bill for the

enlistment of minors, ii. 187.

Clairborne, General, defeats the Indians under Weathersby, ii. 30.

Clairborne, Governor of Louisiana;

his support of Jackson, ii. 216.

Currency, deranged state of, in 1814, ii. 176.

Crowningshield, Secretary of navy, recommends a conscription of

seamen, ii. 189.

Dearborn appointed Major General, i. 70;

enters into an armistice with Prevost, i. 99;

enters Canada, i. 117;

retires to winter quarters, i. 118;

review of his first campaign, i. 120;

second campaign, i. 205;

attacks Fort George, i. 213;

his inaction, i. 221;

his removal, i. 222.

Dartmoor prison, description of, ii. 280;

fourth of July in, ii. 282;

in 1814, ii. 289;

daring escape from, by a lieutenant, ii. 291.

Dacres, Captain, i. 148.

Dallas, Alexander, Secretary of the Treasury, ii. 177;

his scheme to relieve the government, ii. 178;

second report on state of Treasury, ii. 189.

Decatur commands the United States, captures the Macedonian, i. 152;

blockaded in New London, and challenges two English frigates, i. 311;

commands the President, ii. 245;

chased by an English fleet, ii. 246;

his capture, ii. 247.

Decatur privateer, Capt. Diron, captures a British war

schooner, ii. 268.

Dolphin, privateer, captures two English vessels, ii. 264.

Downes, Lieutenant, commands Essex Junior, ii. 48;

assists the Marquesas tribes, ii. 50;

wounded by the Typees, ii. 51.

Drummond, General, at Lundy's Lane, ii. 89;

assaults Fort Erie, ii. 100.

Drummond, Lieut.-Col, killed at Fort Erie, ii. 104.

Dudley, Colonel, killed at Fort Meigs, i. 199.

Downie, Captain, commands the British fleet in Lake Champlain, ii. 152.

Dwight, Timothy, Secretary of Hartford Convention, ii. 194.

Embargo, its effect on the country, i. 26-29;

repealed, i. 32;

re-enacted, i. 50;

laid by Thirteenth Congress, i. 327;

repealed, i. 342.

Epervier, ii. 170.

Erie, Fort, assault of, by Gen. Drummond, ii. 103.

Erskine, English Minister, i. 36;

disavowal of his treaty, i. 38.

England, her conduct towards France and the world, i. 37;

astonishment at our naval victories;

her exultation over the capture of the Chesapeake;

her vast preparations for war in 1813, i. 259;

her rejoicing over the destruction of Washington compared

with her condemnation of the acts of Napoleon, ii. 136, 137.

Enterprise, brig, i. 248;

captures the Boxer, i. 250;

takes the Privateer Mars;

chased by a frigate, i. 251.

Eppes succeeds Randolph in Congress, i. 319;

his report on state of finances, i. 322;

his currency scheme, ii. 127.

Essex captures the Alert, i. 143;

her cruise in the Pacific, ii. 65, 66;

is captured at Valparaiso, ii. 66.

Federalists, triumph of, in New England, i, 265;

leaders of in Massachusetts, their exultation over the failure

of Wilkinson's campaign, i. 301;

hostility of, i. 326.

Federalists and Democrats, i. 59-65.

Floyd, General, defeats the Indians at Autossee, ii. 31;

victorious over the Creeks, ii. 35.

Frederickton destroyed, i. 260.

Forsyth, Colonel, i. 116;

at York, i. 208.

Forsyth, John, speech of, in Thirteenth Congress, i. 337.

Fort George captured by the Americans, i. 213.

Gamble, Lieutenant, ii. 51.

Gallatin opposes the employment of the navy, i. 130;

appointed commissioner to negotiate a treaty, i. 328;

letter to government advising war, ii. 181.

Gaines, General, takes command of the army stationed at Fort

Erie, ii. 100;

repels Drummond, ii. 103;

succeeds Jackson at New Orleans, ii. 228.

Generosity of Americans, i. 203.

Georgetown destroyed, i. 260.

Globe privateer, her action with two brigs, ii. 267.

Gordon, Captain, gallant adherence to Jackson, ii. 26.

Guerriere captured by the Constitution, i. 148;

blown up, i. 149.

Gunnery, superiority of American, i. 175.

Harmar, General, i. 17.

Hammond, British minister in 1791, i. 25.

Harrington, Captain, ii. 172.

Harrison, General, supersedes Hull, i. 95;

at Fort Deposit and Fort Defiance, i. 96;

plans a winter campaign, i. 177;

at Fort Meigs, i. 196;

pursues Proctor, i. 286;

defeats him, i. 289.

Hartford Convention, History of, ii. 191-200;

delegates to Washington, ii. 231.

Hall, Judge, fines General Jackson, ii. 227.

Henry, John, his character and career, i. 49.

Hindman, Major, his gallantry at Lundy's Lane, ii. 94.

Hull, General, his campaign, i. 71;

tried by court-martial, i. 87;

character, i. 88.

Hull, Captain, commands the Constitution: his instructions, i. 136;

chased by an English squadron, i. 138;

captures the Guerriere, i. 139;

effect of the victory, i. 151.

Hopkins, General, i. 95.

Hardy, Commodore, remonstrates against the use of torpedos, i. 265.

Hamilton, Secretary of the navy, i. 68.

Hamilton, Lieutenant, is sent with the colors of the Macedonian

to Washington.

Hampton plundered, i. 263.

Hampton, General, commands at Plattsburgh, i. 292;

advances into Canada, i. 294;

retreats, i. 295;

refuses to join Wilkinson, i. 299;

goes into winter quarters at Plattsburgh, i. 300;

strictures on, i. 302.

Hornet captures the Peacock, i. 170;

takes the Penguin, ii. 249;

chased by an English man of war, ii. 252.

Holmes, Captain, his expedition into Canada, i. 315;

killed at Mackinaw, ii. 73.

Hillyar, Captain, captures the Essex, ii. 61.

Henderson, Colonel, killed at New Orleans, ii. 216.

Impressment in 1796, i. 18;

cause of war, i. 19.

Indians, number in the Western States in 1812, and the

hostility, i. 190;

number of Choctaws, Chickesaws and Creeks, i. 193.

Izard, General, defeated under General Hampton, i. 295;

succeeds Wilkinson, ii. 106.

Jay, treaty of, in 1796, i. 26.

Jefferson, proclamation against English vessels, i. 33.

Jackson, English Minister in place of Erskine, i. 39;

recalled, i. 40.

Jackson, General, ordered to Natchez, ii. 12;

made Major-General of the Tennessee Militia, ii. 12;

marches to Huntsville, ii. 15;

dispatches General Coffee against Black Warrior's town, ii. 17;

his conduct of the Creek war, ii. 12-44;

appointed Major-General, ii. 199;

seizes Pensacola, ii. 202;

marches to New Orleans, ii. 203;

his preparations for the defence of the place, ii. 204;

attacks the British, ii. 209, 210;

his final victory, ii. 221;

fined by Judge Hall, ii. 227;

review of his conduct, ii. 228.

Jessup, Colonel at Chippewa, ii. 80;

his heroism at Lundy's Lane, ii. 86-92;

watches the Hartford Convention, ii. 194.

Johnson, Colonel and Lieut.-Colonel, at battle of Thames, i. 288.

Jones, Captain of the Wasp, i. 155;

captures the Frolic, i. 156.

Jones, Lieutenant, his action with the British gun-boats on

Lake Borgne, ii. 207.

King, Captain, at Niagara, i. 112.

Key, Francis, composes "The Star spangled Banner," while witnessing

the bombardment of Fort McHenry, ii. 145.

Kemp privateer captures a fleet of six vessels, ii. 270.

King, Charles appointed commissioner to investigate the massacre

of prisoners in Dartmoor, ii. 297.

Lawrence, Captain, sails under Rodgers, i. 133;

challenges the Bonne Citoyenne, i. 160;

captures the Peacock, i. 170;

takes command of the Chesapeake, i. 244;

engages the Shannon, i. 245;

his death, i. 246.

Lawrence, Major, his defence of Fort Bowyer, ii. 201

Leavenworth, Major, gallantry at Chippewa, ii. 80;

gallantry at Lundy's Lane, ii. 87.

Lewis, Colonel, defeats the British at Frenchtown, i. 179;

captured, i. 181.

Lewistown burned, i. 306.

Lowndes, sketch of, i. 239.

Madison, President, character of, i. 34, 35;

war messages, i. 55;

his conduct at the invasion of Washington, ii. 118-123;

his flight, ii. 129;

message to Congress, Sept. 1814, ii. 177;

message to Congress, accompanying English Protocol from

Ghent, ii. 182.

Madison, Mrs., her heroism at the burning of Washington, ii. 129;

refused admittance to a tavern, ii. 133.

Madison, Major, his bravery at Frenchtown, i. 182.

Madison Island, ii. 49.

Madison sloop of war, i. 207.

Marquesas Island, rendezvous of Porter, ii. 49.

Mackinaw taken by the English, i. 77;

expedition against, ii. 72.

Macomb, General, at Plattsburgh, ii. 148;

asks Governor Chittenden for aid, ii. 149;

defeats the British, ii. 155.

Massachusetts Legislature, action of, against the war, i. 268;

against the bill for the enlistment of minors, ii. 187;

raises an army to be under its own control, ii. 192.

Massacre at Frenchtown, i. 189;

effect of in Kentucky, i. 185;

at Fort Mimms, i. 196.

McLure, General, at Fort George, i. 303;

burns Newark, i. 304;

his proclamation and neglect to protect Fort Niagara, i. 304, 305.

Meigs, Fort of, i. 197;

invested by Proctor, i. 197.

Manners, Captain, death of, ii. 167.

Mitchell's speech in Congress, i. 52.

Mimm's Fort, i. 196.

Mackinaw Fort surrendered, i. 77.

Miller, Colonel, defeats British at Brownstown;

joins Harrison, i. 199;

heroic answer at Lundy's Lane, ii. 89, 90.

Mitchell, Colonel, gallant defence of Oswego, ii. 70.

McArthur, Colonel, i. 85;

his expedition into Canada, ii. 163.

McNeill, Major, bravery at Chippewa, ii. 78;

at Lundy's Lane, ii. 86.

McHenry, Fort of, ii. 142.

Madonough, Commodore, in Plattsburgh bay, ii. 152;

defeats the British squadron, ii. 155.

Macedonian, ship, taken by the United States, i. 153.

Montgomery, Major, killed at the battle of the Horse Shoe, ii. 38.

Monroe, Secretary of State, his conduct at Bladensburgh, ii. 123.

Morgan, Major, checks the enemy at Black Rock, ii. 101.

Morgan, General, at New Orleans, ii. 220.

Morris, Lieutenant, wounded in taking the Guerriere, i. 147;

commands the Adams sloop of war, ii. 165.

Nash, Captain, base treatment of Commodore Porter, ii. 63.

Non-Intercourse law, i. 32.

Nautilus schooner captured, i. 138.

Napoleon, i. 85, 86, 258.

Navy, strength of, i. 125;

neglect of, i. 126;

saved by Captains Bainbridge and Stewart, i. 128;

increase of, i. 176;

history of, in 1814, ii. 165;

bill for increase of, ii. 188;

review of, ii. 256, 257.

Naval victories, effect of, at home and abroad, i. 171.

Naval force in 1814, i. 346.

Neufchatel privateer beats off the crew of the Endymion, ii. 269.

Nonsuch privateer engages two English vessels, ii. 264.

New England, her hostility to war, i. 58, ii. 191;

exempted from blockade, i. 259.

New Hampshire Legislature abolishes all the courts of the

State, i. 325.

New Orleans, description of, ii. 206;

feelings of the inhabitants, ii. 207.

Niagara Fort surprised, i. 304.

Nicholson, Lieutenant, escapes an English frigate, ii. 173.

Orders in Council, British, i. 20;

repealed, i. 342;

effect of, in this country, i. 27-92.

Ogdensburg, attack of, i. 117.

Oneida sloop, i. 206.

Ontario, Lake, description of, i. 206;

naval superiority, i. 207;

cost of vessels in, i. 258.

Oswego attacked by Sir James Yeo, ii. 69.

Packenham, Sir Edward, attacks the lines at New Orleans, ii. 215.

Parker, Sir Peter, killed, ii. 141.

Peacock, Captain Harrington, captures the Epervier, ii. 172;

chased by an English man of war, ii. 252.

Perry on Lake Erie, i. 271, 273, 274;

sets sail, i. 275;

engages the enemy, i. 278;

conduct after the battle, i. 283;

at the battle of the Thames, i. 287.

President frigate, affair with the Little Belt, i. 42;

puts to sea, i. 132;

chases the Belvidere, i. 134;

beats the Endymion, and finally captured by an English

fleet, ii. 247.

Pinckney, American Minister to England, i. 41;

commands Baltimore regiment at Bladensburg, ii. 118-124.

Pike, Colonel, incursion into Canada, i. 117;

captures York, i. 208;

his death, i. 210.

Pickering, Timothy, description of, his speech against loan

bill of Thirteenth Congress, i. 335.

Pitkin, i. 335.

Plattsburg, description of, ii. 149;

battle of, ii. 155.

Peace, tidings of, effect on the nation, ii. 229-230.

Porter, General, i. 114;

at Chippewa, ii. 77;

his gallantry and narrow escape at Fort Erie, ii. 109-111.

Porter, Captain, commands the Essex;

capture of the Alert, i. 143;

his cruise in the Pacific, ii. 45-66;

his daring escape and reception in New York, ii. 65, 66.

Proctor, Colonel, advances against Frenchtown, i. 180;

defeats the Americans, i. 181;

leaves the prisoners to be massacred, i. 182;

his character, i. 185;

invests Fort Meigs, i. 197;

abandons the siege, i. 199;

defeated at Sandusky, i. 201;

retreats from Malden, i. 286;

defeated at the Thames, i. 289.

Prescot, Governor-general of Canada, i. 99;

letter to Brooke, i. 121;

attacks Sackett's Harbor, i. 215;

advances against Plattsburgh, ii. 148;

his retreat, ii. 161.

Protocol, English, at Ghent, ii. 181;

transmitted to Congress, ii. 182;

its effect on the nation, ii. 183;

its reception in England, ii.

Privateering, account of, ii. 257;

defence of, ii. 261;

acts of Congress respecting, ii. 262, 263.

Privateers, characteristic names of, ii. 263;

superiority to English, ii. 277;

character of their commanders, ii. 277.

Prisoners, American, treatment of, in England, ii. 280;

sufferings in Dartmoor prison, ii. 281-285;

assailed by French prisoners, ii. 283;

denounce American agent for prisoners, ii. 287;

neglected by government, ii. 287;

their employments, ii. 288;

number of, ii. 292;

massacre of, ii. 294.

Queenstown, battle of, i. 101.

Quincy, Josiah, i. 225;

speech against army bill, i. 227.

Revolution, French, i. 17.

Rose, English Minister, i. 33.

Rattlesnake, brig, captured, i. 252.

Randolph, speech in Congress, i. 45-51;

sketch of, i. 237;

succeeded by Eppes, i. 319.

Revenue, i. 292.

Retaliation acts, i. 307.

Rodgers, Commodore, his squadron at New York, i. 132;

his first cruise, i. 134;

attacks the Belvidere, i. 137;

second cruise, i. 151.

Riall, British General at Chippewa, ii. 76;

captured by Jessup at Lundy's Lane, ii. 86.

Russell, John, American Charge to England, i. 50;

despatch from, i. 53.

Ripley, Colonel, at Lundy's Lane, ii. 88;

his strange conduct after the battle, ii. 98;

surrenders his command to General Gaines, ii. 100;

wounded at Fort Erie, ii. 109.

Ross, General, marches on Washington, ii. 119-127;

fires the capitol, ii. 127;

his hasty retreat, ii. 133;

killed in the advance on Baltimore, ii. 143.

St. Clair, General, cause of his defeat, i. 17.

Smythe, General, commands on the Niagara frontier, i. 71;

proclamation, i. 111;

failure and disgrace, i. 112-114;

review of his campaign, i. 119.

Shelby, Governor of Kentucky, i. 95;

commands Kentucky volunteers under General Harrison, i. 287.

Sandusky, Fort, defence of, i. 201.

Scott, Lieut.-Colonel, at Queenstown, i. 103;

taken prisoner, i. 108-110;

captures Fort George, i. 213;

joins Wilkinson, i. 299;

introduces French system of tactics into camp of instruction

at Buffalo;

chases the Marquis of Tweedsdale, ii. 76;

advances on Lundy's Lane, ii. 84;

wounded, ii. 94;

his journey to Baltimore and reception at Princeton, ii. 97-98.

Sackett's Harbor, naval depot at, i. 207;

attack of, i. 215.

Shortland, Captain, superintendent of Dartmoor prison, ii. 286;

massacres American prisoners, ii. 293.

Sheaffe, General, at Queenstown, i. 105.

Sinclair, Captain, commands the expedition against Mackinaw, ii. 73.

Stewart, Captain, remonstrates with the President against laying

up the navy, i. 128;

commands the Constitution, ii. 235;

captures the Cyane and Levant, i. 240.

Strong elected governor of Massachusetts, i. 265.

Stricker, General, defence at North Point, ii. 142.

Talledega Fort, ii. 18.

Taylor, Captain, defence of Fort Harrison, i. 95.

Tax, direct, of Thirteenth Congress, i. 325;

on carriages, distilled spirits, auction duties, &c., ii. 187.

Towson, Captain of artillery, at Chippewa, ii. 79.

Treaty of 1783, i. 23;

of Pinckney and Monroe rejected by Jefferson, i. 27;

first Treaty of Peace at Ghent, its terms and how

received, ii. 232, 233;

review of, ii. 234.

Transportation, cost of, war materials to Sackett's Harbor, i. 257.

Tecumseh, i. 80;

his plan for restoring the Indians to their ancient rights;

his mission south, and character and eloquence, i. 191-193;

joins Proctor, i. 197;

killed, i. 290.

Torpedos, employment of, to destroy ships, i. 266.

Tompkins, Governor, privateer. Captain Boyle, her narrow escape

from an English frigate, ii. 266.

Treasury, state of, in May, 1813, i. 320;

state of during the third session of the Thirteenth Congress;

notes, reduced value of, ii. 187;

increased embarrassments of, ii. 189.

Tupper, General, defeated at the Rapids, i. 178.

Tuscarora village destroyed by the British, i. 306.

Truce, flag of, arrived in Annapolis, i. 328.

Typees, hostility to Commodore Porter, ii. 50, 51;

description of their country, ii. 52;

their towns destroyed, ii. 54.

Van Rensselaer, General, i. 71-100;

resigns his command, i. 101.

Van Rensselaer, Colonel, invades Canada, and wounded, i. 100;

character of, i. 118.

Van Horne, Major, defeat of, i. 79.

Vincent, General, i. 214;

captures Generals Chandler and Hinder, i. 219.

Vermont, her patriotism when Plattsburg was attacked, ii. 150.

Volunteers, hardships of, i. 188.

Wayne, General, i. 17.

Washington's opinion of British aggressions, i. 48;

city of, threatened by the British, ii. 117;

burned, ii. 128;

bad policy of, ii. 140.

War, declaration of, i. 56;

how received, i. 58;

unprepared state of the country for, ii. 67-69.

Ward, Artemus, speech of, against bill for military establishments

passed in Thirteenth Congress, i. 339.

Wadsworth, General, at Queenstown, i. 102.

Winchester, General, his march to the Rapids, i. 178;

marches to Frenchtown, i. 179;

taken prisoner, i. 181.

Winder, Colonel, i. 114;

General, pursues Vincent, i. 219;

surprised and captured by him, i. 219;

commands the troops around Washington, ii. 118.

Williams' speech in Congress, i. 225, 226.

Wasp, takes the Frolic, i. 155;

captured by the Poictiers, i. 159;

captures the Reindeer, ii. 167;

sinks the Avon, ii. 169;

her mysterious fate, ii. 170.

White, General, destroys the Hillabee towns, ii. 22.

West Point Academy, i. 124.

Webster, Daniel, elected to Congress, i. 320;

first speech, i. 323;

speech against the army bill, i. 330;

sketch of, i. 333;

speech on repeal of embargo act, i. 345;

contest between him and Calhoun, i. 344.

Woodward, Judge, of Michigan, his letter to Proctor on the

massacre at River Raisin, i. 184.

Wilkinson, General, seizes Fort Conde, i. 199;

takes charge of northern army, i. 292;

his progress down the St. Lawrence, i. 296-299;

goes into winter quarters at French Mills, i. 300;

review of his campaign, i. 302;

plans a winter campaign, i. 311;

attacks La Cole Mill, i. 312.

Woolsey, Lieutenant, i. 206;

transports war and ship materials from Oswego to Sackett's

Harbor, ii. 70-72.

Wooster, Rev., volunteers with his flock to aid General

Macomb, ii. 151.

Yarnell, Lieutenant, bravery in battle of Lake Erie, i. 279.

York captured by Americans, i. 208.

Yeo, Sir James, attacks Sackett's Harbor, i. 215;

attacks Oswego, ii. 69;

sends a detachment against Woolsey, ii. 71;

raises the blockade of Sackett's Harbor, ii. 72.

Youngstown burned, i. 301.

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"If we would show how a modern could write with the ease of

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fitting accessories from life, we would offer this volume as

the best proof that the secret has not yet died

out."--_Literary World._

PEOPLE I HAVE MET, or Pictures of Society and People of Mark--drawn

under a thin veil of fiction. By N. P. WILLIS. 1 vol., 12mo., Third

Edition.

"It is a collection of twenty or more of the stories which

have blossomed out from the summer soil of the author's

thoughts within the last few years. Each word in some of

them the author seems to have picked as daintily, for its

richness or grace, or its fine fitness to his purpose, as if

a humming-bird were picking upon his quivering wing the

flower whose sweets he would lovingly rifle, or a belle were

culling the stones for her bridal necklace."--_N. Y.

Independent._

"The book embraces a great variety of personal and social

sketches in the Old World, and concludes with some thrilling

reminiscences of distinguished ladies, including the Belles

of New York, etc."--_The Republic._

LIFE HERE AND THERE, or Sketches of Society and Adventure at far-apart

times and places. By N. P. WILLIS. 1 vol., 12mo.

"This very agreeable volume consists of sketches of life and

adventure, all of them, the author assures us, having a

foundation strictly historical, and to a great extent

autobiographical. Such of these sketches as we have read,

are in Mr. Willis's happiest vein--a vein, by the way, in

which he is unsurpassed."--_Sartain's Magazine._

"Few readers who take up this pleasant volume will lay it

aside until they have perused every line of its

contents."--_Jersey Journal._

HURRYGRAPHS, or Sketches of Scenery, Celebrities, and Society, taken

from Life By N. P. WILLIS. 1 vol., 12mo., Third Edition.

"Some of the best specimens of Mr. Willis's prose, we think,

are herein contained."--_N. Y. Evangelist._

"In the present volume, which is filled with all sorts of

enticements, we prefer the descriptions of nature to the

sketches of character, and the dusty road-side grows

delightful under the touches of Willis's blossoming-dropping

pen; and when we come to the mountain and lake, it is like

revelling in all the fragrant odors of Paradise."--_Boston

Atlas._

LECTURES ON ART--AND POEMS. By WASHINGTON ALLSTON. Edited by Richard

Henry Dana, Jr. Contents--Lectures on Art, pages 3-167--Aphorisms,

sentences written by Mr. Allston on the walls of his Studio, pages

167-179--The Hypochondriac, pages 179-199--Poems, pages 199-317. 1

vol. 12mo., Price, $1.25.

"There is a store of intellectual wealth in this handsome

volume. It is a book of thought. Its contents are the rich

and tasteful productions of the scholar and artist, who had

mind to perceive and skill to portray much that is unseen by

ordinary minds, as well as intelligence and power to exhibit

whatever is grand and beautiful both in the physical and

moral world."--_Christian Observer._

"These are the records of one of the purest spirits and most

exalted geniuses of which this country can boast. The

intense love of the beautiful, the purity, grace and

gentleness which made him incomparably the finest artist of

the age, lend their charm and their power to these

productions of his pen. *** There are in his poems feeling,

delicacy, taste, and the keenest sense of harmony which

render them faultless."--_N. Y. Evangelist._

"As a writer we know of no one who in his writings has

exhibited such an appreciation of what constitutes beauty in

art, correctness in form, or the true principles of

composition."--_Providence Journal._

"We commend them to the intellectual and the thoughtful, for

we know that no one can read them without being wiser, and

we believe the better."--_Albany State Register._

"The production of a most ethereal spirit instinctively

awake to all the harmonies of creation."--_Albany Argus._

"The exquisitely pure and lofty character of the author of

these lectures and poetic fragments is well expressed in

them. It gave their structure a freshness and calmness, and

their tone a purity that remain to charm us, and that are

equally admirable and delightful."--_The Independent._

"His lectures possess great attractions for every one aiming

at cultivation of mind and refinement of taste, while his

poems, which elicited so high praise when published singly,

are sure to receive it when as now embodied in a more

classic form."--_Natchez Courier._

"The lovers of American literature and art will rejoice in

the possession of these matured fruits of the genius which

seemed alike skilled in the use of the pen and

pencil."--_Newark Daily Advertiser._

POEMS AND PROSE WRITINGS. By RICHARD HENRY DANA. 2 vols. 12mo., Price,

$2.50.

"Mr. Dana's writings are addressed to readers of thought,

sensibility and experience. By tenderness, by force, in

purity, the poet paints the world, treading in safety the

dizziest verge of passion, through all things, honorable to

all men; the just style resolving all perplexities, a rich

instruction and solace in these volumes to the young and old

who are to come hereafter."--_Literary World._

"Mr. Dana is evidently a close observer of nature, and

therefore his thoughts are original and fresh."--_True

Democrat._

"In addition to the Poems and Prose Writings included in the

former edition of his works, they contain some short,

practical pieces, and a number of reviews and essays

contributed to different periodicals, some of them as much

as thirty years since, and now republished for the first

time--as the expression of the inmost soul, these writings

bear a strong stamp of originality."--_N. Y. Tribune._

[Transcriber's notes:

Obvious printer's errors have been corrected. Hyphenation and

accentuation have been standardised, all other inconsistencies are as

in the original. The author's spelling has been maintained.

Some dates printed in the original book are most probably wrong, but

have been left as it is (e.g. July 14, page 163).

Some entries in the index do not have any page number.]