infidelity to Rome Antonius, a Roman General, was sent to investigate
his honour, and was accompanied by an ex-tetrarch, named Synorix.
Some time before he held the tetrarchy, Synorix had become enamoured
with Camma, the beautiful wife of Sinnatus, a priestess of Artemis,
but being unable to win her by persuasion or force, perpetrated a
dreadful deed. He sent to Camma a golden cup embossed with the figure
of Artemis, and then by chance fell in with Sinnatus in a hunting
expedition. At the end of the day’s sport Sinnatus invited Synorix to
his house; where the traitor excited Camma’s fear by swearing that
Antonius knew Sinnatus to be false to Rome, and begged her to ask
for mercy for her husband at the hands of the Roman General. Camma
presented herself at the camp, but instead of Antonius she found
Synorix. Drawing her dagger against him, she was disarmed, and Sinnatus
rushing to the rescue was slain by Synorix. Camma fled to the Temple
for safety, and was subsequently installed Priestess, and Synorix who
had been appointed Prince of Galatia, asked for her hand. She accepted
him, and crowned herself queen of Galatia; but Camma, learning how
treacherously Synorix had deceived her, poisoned the libation in the
cup which Synorix had handed to her; and after she had drunk a portion
of the liquid she bade him drink the rest; after he had done so she
burst into a fierce thanksgiving that she had been permitted to avenge
the death of her murdered husband, and she and her would-be betrayer
died together.
_The Cup._
SIRENS.
O sister, Sirens tho’ they be, were such
As chanted on the blanching bones of men?
In Greek mythology, the Sirens were sea-nymphs, the virgin daughters of
Phorcys. They dwelt on the shores of an island between Circe’s isle and
Scylla, and sang with such sweetness that they allured and infatuated
all who passed by to draw near, but only to meet with death. In Homer
there are two, in later writers three, their names being Ligeia,
Parthenope, and Leucothea.
_The Princess._
SIRIUS.
A dog-star, the brightest star in the heavens and one of the stars of
the southern Constellation.
_The Princess._
SIRMIO.
The ancient name of modern Sirmione, on the Lago di Garda.
_Frater Ave Atque Vale._
SIRMIONE.
Gazing at the Lydian laughter of the Garda Lake below
Sweet Catullus’s all-but-island, olive-silvery Sirmio!
A promontory which projects from the southern shore of Lake Garda, and
still contains the ruins of a villa said to have been the country-house
of Catullus, who wrote his poems there. Here Tennyson wrote his _Frater
Ave Atque Vale_.
_Frater Ave Atque Vale._
SIX HUNDRED.
Consisted of the 13th Light Dragoons, the 17th Lancers, the 11th
Hussars, the 4th Light Dragoons, and the 8th Hussars, known as the
Light Brigade who made the famous charge at the battle of Balaclava.
Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
‘Forward, the Light Brigade!
Charge for the guns!’ he said:
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
_Charge of the Light Brigade._
SKIPWORTH.
A farm labourer.
_Promise of May._
SKYLARK.
A lark that mounts towards the sky, and sings on the wing.
_Miller’s Daughter._
SLEUTH-HOUND.
A hound that tracks game by the scent; a bloodhound.
_Gareth and Lynette._
SLOE.
SLOE-TREE.
= The Blackthorn.
_The Flight_;
_To Mary Boyle_;
_Amphion_.
SLOW-WORM.
= the blind-worm, a reptile that feeds on earth-worms. According to
Skeat a _slay-worm_.
_Aylmer’s Field._
SMITH (Dan).
_See_ =Dan Smith=.
SNAKE.
= a serpent.
_Queen Mary_;
_Œnone_;
_Poet’s Song_;
_The Princess_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Death of Œnone_;
_St. Telemachus_;
_Becket_.
SNIPE.
A bird of the family _Scolopacidæ_, having a long, straight, flexible
bill.
_On a Mourner._
SNOWDON.
A mountain in North Wales.
_Golden Year._
SNOWDROP.
A bulbous plant with a white bell-shaped flower, which often appears
while the snow is on the ground.
_May Queen_;
_St. Agnes’ Eve_;
_The Princess_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Early Spring_;
_Progress of Spring_.
SOLECISMS.
A name given to the incongruity of language in the combination of
a sentence. Supposed to have been derived from the city of Soli in
Cilicia, whose inhabitants--in consequence of their intercourse with
the natives--spoke very bad Greek.
_The Princess._
SOLENT.
So Harry went over the Solent to see if work could be found;
Separates the Isle of Wight from the mainland.
_First Quarrel._
SOLOMON.
No, not to answer, Madam, all those hard things
That Sheba came to ask of Solomon.’
Refers to the queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon at Jerusalem. _1 Kings
x. 1-13._
_The Princess._
SOLOMON.
but _had_ I brought
From Solomon’s now-recover’d Ophir all
The gold that Solomon’s navies carried home
Would that have gilded _me_?
_See 1 Kings x. 2._
_See_ =Ophir=.
_Columbus._
SOMERSET--SOMERSETSHIRE.
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Promise of May_.
SOOMERSET (Somerset).
_Promise of May._
SOUDAN.
Warrior of God, man’s friend, and tyrant’s foe,
Now somewhere dead far in the waste Soudan,
Refers to the death of general Gordon at Khartoum.
_Epitaph on General Gordon._
SOUTHWARK.
_Queen Mary._
SPAIN.
_The Revenge_;
_Columbus_;
_The Wreck_;
_The Ring_;
_Queen Mary_.
SPANIEL.
A sporting dog, having long and thick hair and large drooping ears.
_Promise of May._
SPARHAWK.
= the sparrow-hawk.
_Sir Launcelot and Queen Guinevere._
SPARROW.
A small bird of the family _Fringillidæ_.
_Mariana_;
_Amphion_;
_The Window_;
_Maud_;
_Marriage of Geraint_.
SPARROW-GRASS.
A corruption of _Asparagus_.
_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._
SPARROW-HAWK.
= A small European hawk.
_Marriage of Geraint._
SPARTAN.
and why should I not play
The Spartan Mother with emotion, be
The Lucius Junius Brutus of my kind?
Has reference to the idea prevalent among the Spartans that man lived
for his country’s welfare and must make any sacrifice in its behalf.
_The Princess._
SPEEDWELL.
A plant with blue, white, or pink flowers.
_Promise of May_;
_In Memoriam_.
SPHINX.
and that smooth rock
Before it, altar fashion’d, where of late
The woman-breasted Sphinx, with wings drawn back,
Folded her lion paws, and look’d to Thebes.
A monster, the daughter of Chimera, represented with the body of a
winged lion and breast and head of a maiden. Juno sent her to Thebes,
and taking up her abode upon a rock near the city asked every passer-by
the following conundrum: ‘What creature walks upon four legs in the
morning, upon two at noon, and upon three in the evening?’ and all
those who were unable to answer it she punished by throwing them from
the rock. Œdipus, son of Laius, however, succeeded in solving the
riddle rightly, whereupon she flung herself from the rock and was
dashed to pieces.
_Tiresias._
SPIDER.
A web-spinning, apterous insect of the class _Arachnida_.
_The Princess_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.
SPLUGEN.
What more? we took our last adieu,
And up the snowy Splugen drew,
But ere we reach’d the highest summit
I pluck’d a daisy, I gave it you.
An Alpine pass in the Grisons.
_The Daisy._
SQUIRREL.
A reddish-brown rodent animal, with a long tufted tail.
_The Princess_;
_Lover’s Tale_;
_Prologue to General Hamley_;
_The Foresters_.
STAFFORD (Sir Thomas).
_See_ =Thomas Stafford=.
STAG.
A male red-deer.
_Becket_;
_The Cup_;
_The Foresters_.
STAG-TUCKEY.
= A turkey-cock.
_Church-warden and the Curate._
STAMFORD-BRIDGE.
A village on the river Derwent, where king Harold defeated Harold
Hardrada (_q.v._) king of Norway on September 25, 1066.
_Harold._
STAMFORD-TOWN.
Weeping, weeping late and early,
Walking up and pacing down,
Deeply mourn’d the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.
A town in Lincolnshire.
_Lord of Burleigh._
STANDARD.
= A tree not supported or attached to a wall.
_The Blackbird._
STATES.
He’s gone to the States, aroon, an’ he’s married another wife,
An’ ye’ll niver set eyes an the face of the thraithur agin in life!
= United States.
_Tomorrow._
STEER.
A farmer.
_Promise of May._
STEER (Dora).
_See_ =Dora, Dora Steer=.
STEERS (Family of).
_Promise of May._
STEEVIE.
Name of a man and a cat.
_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts._
STEPHEN (Saint).
The first martyr of the Christian church, stoned to death, +A.D.+ 33.
_See Acts vii._
_Two Voices._
STEPHEN.
Name of the lover of the speaker in the poem.
_The Wreck._
STEPHEN.
King of England, son of Stephen, earl of Blois, and Adela, daughter of
William the Conqueror; crowned at Westminster 1135. Matilda (_q.v._)
daughter of Henry I, and wife of emperor Henry IV, was the legitimate
heir to the throne, but Stephen, taking advantage of her absence,
obtained possession of it. Matilda landed in England in 1139 and in
1142 Stephen was taken prisoner at the battle of Lincoln by the earl
of Gloucester, and sent to Bristol, but was subsequently released
in exchange for Gloucester--who had been captured by the friends of
Stephen--and again crowned 1141. Eventually peace was concluded by
which it was agreed that Matilda’s son Henry should be Stephen’s
successor. For several years he was in conflict with Rome, whereby
an interdict was laid upon the kingdom in 1148, and some years later
failed to obtain the pope’s sanction to the crowning of his son
Eustace. He died in 1154, and was buried in Feversham Abbey, which he
had founded.
_Becket._
STEPHEN GARDINER.
_See_ =Gardiner=.
STIGAND.
Archbishop of Canterbury. A Saxon prelate who was created bishop of the
East Angles in 1038 by Edward the Confessor. Soon after was deprived,
but reinstated in 1044. Created bishop of Winchester in 1047 and in
1052 was translated to Canterbury, but although pope Benedict sent him
the Pall, his appointment was generally looked upon as uncanonical.
Old uncanonical Stigand--ask of _me_
Who had my pallium from an Antipope!
On the death of Harold he supported Edgar Atheling, but eventually
submitted and crowned William I at Westminster. Some years later he
was deprived and sentenced to perpetual imprisonment. He died shortly
afterwards and was buried in Winchester Abbey.
_Harold._
STOAT.
An animal of the weasel tribe, called the ermine when in its winter
dress.
_Gareth and Lynette._
STOCK-DOVE.
A wild pigeon, so called from its breeding in the stocks, or trunks, of
trees.
_Promise of May._
STORK.
A long-necked and long-legged wading-bird, allied to the heron.
_Talking Oak._
STRASBURG.
_Cranmer._ To Strasburg, Antwerp, Frankfort, Zurich, Worms,
Geneva, Basle--our Bishops from their sees
Or fled, they say, or flying--
The capital of Alsace-Lorraine.
_Queen Mary._
STRATO.
A Greek name assumed by Synorix.
_The Cup._
STYLITES.
_See_ =Simeon, Simeon Stylites=.
SUCCORY.
A plant of the genus _Cichorium_, having bright blue flowers. Corrupted
from chicory.
_Promise of May._
SUFFOLK (Duke of).
Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk, marquis of Dorset, father of lady
Jane Grey. Supported lady Jane Grey’s accession to the throne, but
relinquishing her cause was pardoned by Mary; joined the insurrection
against the Spanish marriage and was executed for treason, 1554.
_Queen Mary._
SUFFOLK (Lady).
_Courtenay._ --made you follow
The Lady Suffolk and the Lady Lennox?--
You,
The heir presumptive.
_Queen Mary._
SUMNER-CHACE.
_Talking Oak._
SUMNER-PLACE.
_Talking Oak._
SUNFLOWER.
A plant of the genus _Helianthus_, so-called from its flower, which is
a large disc, with yellow rays.
_A Spirit Haunts_;
_In Memoriam_.
SUNNEE.
_See_ =Shiah=.
SUSSEX.
_Harold_;
_Prologue to General Hamley_.
SÚTTEE.
Nor in the field without were seen or heard
Fires of Súttee, nor wail of baby-wife,
Or Indian widow;
A custom prevalent in India for about two thousand years, by which a
widow upon the death of her husband burned herself on his funeral pyre.
The Emperor Akbar decreed that every widow who showed the least
desire not to be burnt on her husband’s funeral pyre should be let
free and unharmed.’
_Poet’s Note._
The custom was prohibited in 1829 under lord William Bentinck’s
administration.
_Akbar’s Dream._
SWALE.
= A river.
_Harold._
SWALLER.
= A swallow.
_Promise of May._
SWALLOW.
A migratory bird of the family _Hirundinidæ_, with long pointed wings.
_Dying Swan_;
_May Queen_;
_Edwin Morris_;
_Poet’s Song_;
_The Brook_;
_The Princess_;
_The Window_;
_Maud_;
_Coming of Arthur_;
_Ancient Sage_;
_The Ring_;
_Progress of Spring_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_;
_The Foresters_.
SWAN.
A large aquatic fowl of the genus _Cygnus_, having a long neck, and
noted for its graceful movements in the water.
_Dying Swan_;
_Palace of Art_;
_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Tithonus_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Passing of Arthur_;
_Queen Mary_.
SWEET-GALE.
A shrub having bitter fragrant leaves that grows in marshy places.
_Edwin Morris._
SWIFT.
A bird resembling the swallow.
_Coming of Arthur._
SYCAMORE.
A large tree, allied to the common fig.
_Becket_;
_Audley Court_;
_In Memoriam_.
SYLLA.
I thought that all the blood by Sylla shed
Came driving rainlike down again on earth,
Lucius Cornelius Sulla, a Roman of patrician birth and leader of the
aristocratic party in Rome. In 93 +B.C.+ he was prætor, and in 92
+B.C.+ governor of Cilicia. Marcus having revolted against the Senate,
Sulla marched to Rome, outlawed Marcus and re-established the power of
the Senate. After taking part in several campaigns in Epirus and at
Orchomenus, he won the battle of the Colline Gate, outside the walls
of Rome, and for having been proscribed he set himself to extirpate
his political opponents and caused himself to be proclaimed Dictator
in 81 +B.C.+; resigned the dictatorship in 79 +B.C.+, and retired into
private life (138-79 +B.C.+)
_Lucretius._
SYLVESTER.
And rail’d at all the Popes, that ever since
Sylvester shed the venom of world-wealth
Into the church, had only prov’n themselves
Poisoners, murderers.
Sylvester the first, pope of Rome from 314-335 +A.D.+
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._
SYNORIX.
An ex-Tetrarch of Galatia. _See_ =Sinnatus=.
SYRIAN GATES.
A Pass across mount Taurus by which Alexander the Great entered Cilicia.
_Alexander._
TAÄTE.
= potato.
_Northern Cobbler_;
_Village Wife_.
TABLE, ROUND.
_See_ =Round Table=.
TABOO.
A Polynesian word meaning ‘To forbid.’
_The Princess_;
_Kapiolani_.
TABOR.
A mountain in Galilee which, according to tradition, was the scene
of the Transfiguration, but has little evidence in its favour. A
church--now in ruins--built by the Crusaders to commemorate the event
crowns the summit.
_Queen Mary._
TALBOT.
A large-eared hound, usually white.
_Holy Grail._
TALIESSIN.
A celebrated Welsh Poet who lived in the sixth century. The village of
Taliesin, in Cardiganshire, is supposed to be built on the site of his
grave. Was one of the first poets to celebrate the deeds of king Arthur.
_Holy Grail._
TALLYHO.
Name of a horse.
_The Brook._
TAMESA.
Bloodily flow’d the Tamesa rolling phantom bodies of horses and men;
The ancient name of the river Thames.
_Boädicea._
TANTIVY.
Name of a horse.
_The Brook._
TARANIS.
Till the face of Bel be brighten’d, Taranis be propitiated.
A god to whom the ancient Britons did sacrifice. Equated with the
Roman Jupiter.
_Boädicea._
TARQUIN.
When, brooking not the Tarquin in her veins,
She made her blood in sight of Collatine
And all his peers,
‘The Tarquin’ here = Sextus, the blood of Sextus.
_Lucretius._
TARQUIN.
That your own people cast you from their bounds,
For some unprincely violence to a woman,
As Rome did Tarquin.
Tarquin the second, seventh king of Rome. He was, together with his
family, expelled about 510 +B.C.+, on account of the outrage committed
by his son Sextus on Lucretia, wife of Tarquinius Collatinus. He made
several attempts to regain his throne, but being finally defeated fled
to Cumæ, where he died.
_The Cup._
TEL-EL-KEBIR.
The scene of a memorable victory by the British forces under sir Garnet
Wolseley over the Egyptian troops of Arâbi Pasha, September 13, 1882.
_Prologue to General Hamley._
TELEMACHUS.
Son of Ulysses and Penelope. He was an infant when his father went to
the Trojan war, and after twenty years’ absence Telemachus went to seek
him. Having visited Pylos and Sparta he returned to Ithaca, where his
mother’s suitors conspired to murder him, but under the guidance of
Pallas Athene he discovered his father, and they together succeeded in
slaying the suitors. Upon his father’s death he married Cassiphone, and
some time after had the misfortune to kill his mother-in-law; he fled
to Italy and founded Clusium.
_Ulysses._
TELEMACHUS (Saint).
An eastern monk, who went to Rome +A.D.+ 404 to protest against
the cruelties of the amphitheatre. He sprang into the arena, and
endeavoured to separate the gladiators, but was stoned to death by the
spectators. His act and death led to the abolition of the exhibitions.
_St. Telemachus._
TEMPLE BAR.
A famous London gateway. Rebuilt after the great fire by Wren in
1660-73, it was removed in 1878-79, and re-erected in Theobald’s Park,
Cheshunt, in 1888.
_Queen Mary._
TENERIFFE.
The great flame-banner by Teneriffe,
Has reference to the Pico-de-Teyde, a famous volcanic mountain in the
island of Teneriffe, which was in eruption when Columbus sailed past
the island on the night of August 23-24, 1492.
_Columbus._
TETRARCH.
A governor of the fourth part of a country under the Roman empire.
Herod Antipas and Philip were called Tetrarchs because they ruled the
fourth part of the former kingdom of their father Herod the Great.
_See_ _Matthew xiv._ and _Luke iii._
_The Cup._
TETRARCHY.
Part of a province under a Tetrarch.
_The Cup._
THAMES.
_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_.
THANE.
In Anglo-Saxon times a title of a dignitary.
_Harold._
THEBES.
An ancient city of Greece. The walls of Thebes were anciently believed
to have arisen to the music of fairy harps. _See_ =Amphion=. The city
was besieged and taken by Alexander the Great. The walls were broken
down, and not a single building was left standing, except the house of
Pindar, the Greek poet, whose songs Alexander had always admired.
_Tiresias._
THEOBALD.
Archbishop of Canterbury; of Norman blood. Appointed to Canterbury in
1137 and joined Matilda against Stephen, but on the latter’s release
from prison submitted and crowned him at Canterbury; attended the
pope’s council at Rheims in 1148, although forbidden by Stephen;
upon his return was deprived and fled to France; returned and became
reconciled to Stephen; refused to crown Stephen’s son Eustace, was
imprisoned, but escaping fled to Flanders; recalled and brought about a
peace between Matilda and Stephen, and on his deathbed recommended to
Henry II Thomas Becket as his successor.
_Becket._
THEODOLIND.
Queen of the Lombards, and wife, first of king Authari (+A.D.+ 589),
and then of Agilulf.
_The Daisy._
THERMOPYLÆ.
= ‘the hot gates.’ A famous pass in Greece, leading from Thessaly into
Locris and Phocis. Celebrated for a battle which was fought there
+B.C.+ 480, between Xerxes and the Greeks; also of Greece’s struggles
against Brennus and the Gauls, +B.C.+ 279.
_Third of February._
THESSALIAN.
And I will work in prose and rhyme,
And praise thee more in both
Than bard has honour’d beech or lime,
Or that Thessalian growth,
Has reference to the oracular oaks of Dodona in Epirus. Dodona was an
ancient Greek religious centre with a temple dedicated to Zeus, and the
priests interpreted the will of the god by the wind rustling through
the leaves of the oak or beech trees.
_Talking Oak._
THIMBLEBY.
A notorious character who was with Noäks when a keeper was shot dead.
For the crime Noäks was hanged.
Noäks or Thimbleby--toäner ’ed shot ’um as deäd as a naäil.
Noäks wur ’anged for it oop at ’soize--but git ma my aäle.
_Northern Farmer, Old Style._
THIRLBY.
Thomas Thirlby, the only bishop of Westminster, and successively bishop
of Norwich and Ely; as prolocutor to Canterbury Convocation he signed
the decree annulling Henry VIII’s marriage with Anne of Cleves, 1540;
and the same year was created bishop of Westminster. In 1543 and 1545
he was ambassador to the emperor Charles V of Spain; opposed the Act of
Uniformity; appointed to Norwich 1550, and in 1554 translated to Ely by
Mary; presided at the trial of bishop Hooper; ambassador to the pope
1555; assisted at the degradation of Cranmer in 1556. On the accession
of Elizabeth he refused to take the oath of supremacy, deposed 1559;
and continuing to preach against the Reformation was imprisoned 1560
(1506-1570).
_Queen Mary._
THISTLE.
A genus of prickly plants. The national emblem of Scotland.
_Amphion_;
_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_Ode on the death of the Duke of Wellington_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_;
_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts_;
_Riflemen form!_
THOMAS.
THOMAS BECKET.
Son of Gilbert Becket. He was educated at Merton Priory and in 1142
entered the household of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury; promoted
the cause of Henry II against Stephen’s son Eustace; and thus won the
favour of that king who in 1155 made him Lord Chancellor; supported
Henry’s campaign in Toulouse where he displayed great valour. Upon
the death of Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, he was appointed to
the vacant See, and resigned the office of Lord Chancellor. Like all
the Norman kings Henry endeavoured to keep the clergy subordinate
to the State and called upon the bishops to sign the ‘customs.’
Becket refused, but afterwards upon an order from pope Alexander III
submitted, but refused to seal the Constitution of Clarendon in 1164.
In the same year he was summoned to a council at Northampton, to
account for various sums of money received by him during his capacity
as Chancellor. He appeared at the Council arrayed in his robes, and
holding in his hand his cross appealed to the pope; but judgment being
given against him he left the palace, stole away by night, and reaching
Sandwich put off in a little boat and reached the Flemish coast.
During his six years’ exile in France he resided at Pontigny Abbey and
at Sens, while Henry confiscated the property of his See. In 1170 he
had an interview with Henry at Freteval, in which the king promised
to give him the ‘kiss of peace’ when they met in England, and on
December 1 of the same year Becket landed at Sandwich and immediately
excommunicated the archbishop of York and the bishops of London and
Salisbury for having crowned Henry’s son king. Fresh quarrels broke out
and Henry, in a fit of passion, exclaimed ‘of all the cowards that eat
my bread, is there none will rid me of this turbulent priest?’ Four
knights--Reginald Fitzurse (_q.v._), William de Tracy (_q.v._), Hugh de
Morville (_q.v._) and Richard de Brito (_q.v._) overheard these hasty
words and leaving Normandy entered Canterbury Cathedral on December 29,
1170, and demanded from Becket the absolution of the bishops whom he
had excommunicated and an acknowledgment of the king’s supremacy; and
upon Becket’s refusal slew him before the altar of St. Benedict in the
North Transept. Two years afterwards he was canonized, and in 1220 his
bones were exhumed from the nave in the crypt and enshrined in a chapel
in the cathedral, where they were for three centuries a favourite
object of pilgrimage.
_Queen Mary_;
_Becket_.
THOMAS GRESHAM.
Sir Thomas Gresham, son of sir Richard Gresham and founder of the Royal
Exchange and the Gresham College.
_Queen Mary._
THOMAS HOWARD.
Lord Thomas Howard, first earl of Suffolk; distinguished himself
against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and commanded the squadron which was
attacked by the Spanish Fleet off the Azores in 1591; created earl of
Suffolk in 1603 by James I; lord high treasurer in 1614, and in 1618
was fined and imprisoned for embezzlement.
_The Revenge._
THOMAS OF CANTERBURY.
_See_ =Thomas, Thomas Becket=.
THOMAS STAFFORD.
Son of lord Stafford and a relative of cardinal Pole; opposed the
Spanish marriage and was compelled to seek refuge in France. During the
Wyatt insurrection sailed from Dieppe with two ships manned by thirty
Englishmen, and landing in Yorkshire surprised and captured Scarborough
Castle, but three days afterwards it was retaken by the earl of
Westmorland, and Stafford and all his followers were executed.
Sir Thomas Stafford, a bull-headed ass,
Sailing from France, with thirty Englishmen,
Hath taken Scarboro’ Castle, north of York.
_Queen Mary._
THOMAS WHITE.