BUBLIN’.
= a young unfledged bird.
_Owd Roä._
BUCKINGHAM.
Edward Stafford, third duke of Buckingham, eldest son of Henry
Stafford, second duke. On April 16, 1521, he was committed to the
Tower for treason, and on May 13 was tried by seventeen peers, presided
over by the duke of Norfolk; condemned and executed on Tower Hill on
the 17th of the same month, his body being buried in the church of the
Austin Friars (1478-1521).
_Queen Mary._
BUDE.
when the long wave broke
All down the thundering shores of Bude and Bos,
The rocky coast of Cornwall. Bude is a small port on the north coast of
that county.
_Guinevere._
BULBUL.
A Persian word much used in Persian poetry. Though there is much
dispute as to the bird to which it refers, it is generally considered
to be the nightingale.
The living airs of middle night
Died round the bulbul as he sung;
_Recollections of the Arabian Nights_;
_The Princess_.
BULL.
An inn sign.
The Bull, the Fleece are cramm’d, and not a room
For love or money.
_Audley Court._
BULL (Edward).
A curate.
_Edwin Morris._
BULLINGHAM (Nicholas).
Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford, 1536; chaplain to archbishop
Cranmer; prebendary of Lincoln, 1547; and rector of Thimbleby, 1551;
deprived on account of being married in 1553, and on the outbreak of
the Marian persecution fled to Germany. In the reign of Elizabeth he
returned, was appointed to the vacant See of Lincoln rendered vacant by
the deprivation of bishop Watson, and was one of the bishops appointed
to draw up the _Articles_. In 1571 he was translated to Worcester, and
appointed one of the Commissioners for the enforcement of the _Book
of Common Prayer_. He died in 1576 and was buried in the chapel at
Worcester cathedral. On his tomb appears the following epitaph:
Here born, here bishop, buried here,
A Bullyngham by name and stock,
A man twice married in God’s fear,
Chief pastor, late of Lincolne flock,
Whom Oxford trained up in youth,
Whom Cambridge doctor did create,
A painful preacher of the truth,
Who changed this life for happy fate
18 April, 1576.
_Dictionary of National Biography._
_Queen Mary._
BURDOCK.
A broad-leaved, prickly plant.
_Holy Grail._
BURGUNDY.
An old duchy of France.
_Harold._
BURLEIGH.
Deeply mourn’d the Lord of Burleigh,
Burleigh-house by Stamford-town.
_Lord of Burleigh._
BURLEIGH-HOUSE.
‘Burleigh-house by Stamford-town’ is the county residence of the
marquis of Exeter, the descendant of the famous Cecil, lord Burleigh,
who was Secretary of State to queen Elizabeth. In the Civil War it was
taken by the Parliamentarians.
_Lord of Burleigh._
BUTTER-BUMP.
= Bittern, a bird of the heron family.
_Northern Farmer, Old Style._
BUTTERFLY.
The name of an extensive group of beautiful winged insects.
_Adeline_;
_Talking Oak_;
_Queen Mary_;
_Promise of May_.
BUZZARD.
A rapacious bird of prey of the falcon family.
_Queen Mary._
BUZZARD-CLOCK.
= Cockchafer, a beetle, called also the May-bug.
_Northern Farmer, Old Style._
CADE (Jack).
And Thomas White will prove this Thomas Wyatt,
And he will prove an Iden to this Cade.
An Irish adventurer, and the leader of an insurrection in Kent in
the reign of Henry VI (1450), against the oppressive taxation of the
government. With a force of 15,000 men marched on London, and encamped
at Blackheath; and defeating the royal army sent against him entered
London on July 2, 1450. The citizens however retaliated and a struggle
took place between them and Cade on the night of July 5. As a result
terms were arranged, and the Kentish men retired from the city. A
price being set upon Cade’s head, he attempted to reach the coast, but
was pursued by a Kentish squire named Alexander Iden (_q.v._), who
fought and killed him in a garden at Heathfield in Sussex, for which
service he was knighted.
_King Henry._ The head of Cade!--Great God, how just art thou!--
O, let me view his visage, being dead.
* * * * *
_King Henry._ How art thou call’d? and what is thy degree?
_Iden._ Alexander Iden, that’s my name;
A poor esquire of Kent, that loves his king.
* * * * *
_King Henry._ Iden, kneel down. Rise up a knight.
Shakespeare: _2 King Henry VI. Act V. Scene i._
On the side of the road opposite the garden where he was killed stands
a monumental stone bearing the following inscription:
Near this spot was slain the notorious Rebel
Jack Cade
By Alexander Iden, Sheriff of Kent, +A.D.+ 1450.
His body was carried to London, and his head
fixed on London Bridge.
This is the success of all rebels,
And this fortune chanceth ever to traitors.
_Queen Mary._
CADMEAN.
A citadel of Thebes, built by Cadmus (_q.v._), son of Agenor, king of
Phœnicia.
_Lucretius._
CADMUS.
In Greek mythology son of Agenor, king of Phœnicia by Telephassa or
Agriope. Was ordered by his father to go in quest of his sister Europa
whom Jupiter carried away, and he was never to return to Phœnicia if he
did not bring her back. His search proving fruitless, he consulted the
Delphic oracle, who ordered him to build the Cadmean, afterwards the
citadel of Thebes. Here he killed a dragon which guarded the well of
Arês, and sowed its teeth which sprang up as armed men, who immediately
fought and slew each other, except five. For this act Cadmus made
reparation to Arês for a period of eight years.
The great God, Arês, burns in anger still
Against the guiltless heirs of him from Tyre,
Our Cadmus, out of whom thou art, who found
Beside the springs of Dircê, smote, and still’d
Thro’ all its folds the multitudinous beast
The dragon,
Afterwards he married Hermione, the mother of Venus, and both of them
being changed into serpents by Zeus were removed to Elysium. Cadmus was
the first to introduce the alphabet into Greece.
_Tiresias._
CAER-ERYRI.
= Snowdon. The latter part of the word means ‘eagle’s nest.’
Or if some other told
How once the wandering forester at dawn,
Far over the blue tarns and hazy seas,
On Caer-Eryri’s highest found the King,
_Gareth and Lynette._
CAERLEON.
An ancient town in Monmouthshire on the river Usk. The name
Caerleon-upon-Usk distinguished it from Chester, which was
Caerleon-on-Dee. This ‘City of Legions’ with its golden domes and
magnificent churches, and its gorgeous palace, with its giant tower
from whose high crest, they say,
Men saw the goodly hills of Somerset,
And white sails flying on the yellow sea;
is supposed to have equalled Rome in splendour. It was one of the
principal residences of king Arthur, where he lived in splendid state,
surrounded by his knights, and where he held his court.
For Arthur on the Whitsuntide before
Held court at old Caerleon upon Usk.
King Arthur’s ninth great battle against the Saxons was fought here.
Roman remains have been found, as walls, bath, and an amphitheatre (16
feet high and 222 by 192 feet) called king Arthur’s Round Table.
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Geraint and Enid_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_.
CAERLYLE.
The city of Carlisle in Cumberland.
_Lancelot and Elaine._
CÆSAR.
nor tame and tutor with mine eye
That dull cold-blooded Cæsar.
Octavian Augustus Cæsar, the adopted son of Julius Cæsar.
_Dream of Fair Women._
CÆSAR.
And King Leodogran
Groan’d for the Roman legions here again,
And Cæsar’s eagle:
_Coming of Arthur._
CÆSAR.
And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun,
Flur, for whose love the Roman Cæsar first
Invaded Britain, But we beat him back,
= Julius Cæsar.
_Marriage of Geraint._
CÆSAR.
Rome of Cæsar, Rome of Peter, which was crueller?
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After._
CÆSAR.
Now thy Forum roars no longer,
Fallen every purple Cæsar’s dome--
_To Virgil._
CÆSAR.
Lightning may shrivel the laurel of Cæsar, but mine would not
wither.
_Parnassus._
CÆSAR.
Of ‘Render unto Cæsar.’... The Good Shepherd!
Take this, and render that.
_Harold._
CAIAPHAS-ARUNDEL.
These Pharisees, this Caiaphas-Arundel,
What miracle could turn?
Has reference to archbishop Arundel, who examined and condemned to
death sir John Oldcastle.
_Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham._
CAIN.
_Maud_;
_Forlorn_;
_Happy_;
_Becket_;
_Queen Mary_.
CALABER (Quintus).
_See_ =Quintus Calaber=.
CALAIS.
A French seaport on the straits of Dover. It was captured by Edward III
in 1347 after a heroic defence, and remained under the English crown
until the time of Mary (1558), when it was taken by the duke of Guise.
It was the last town held by the English on French soil, and its loss
was a blow to the English nation, queen Mary declaring that on her
death ‘Calais’ would be found written on her heart.
_Queen Mary._
CALIPHAT.
The government or empire of the Caliphs.
_Recollections of the Arabian Nights._
CALIXTUS.
The first pope of Rome; elected 219 +A.D.+ and martyred 223 +A.D.+ He
is known as the constructor of the celebrated catacombs on the Appian
Way at Rome.
_Harold._
CALLIOPE.
A daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, and the first and noblest of the
nine Muses (_q.v._). She is represented as presiding over epic poetry
and eloquence. Her attributes are a tablet and stylus; sometimes a
scroll.
Rather, O ye Gods,
Poet-like, as the great Sicilian called
Calliope to grace his golden verse--
_Lucretius._
CALPE.
The rock of Gibraltar, and one of the pillars of Hercules--the other
being Abyla. It is supposed these two were originally one mountain, but
Hercules tore them asunder and the sea poured between them.
Last with wide arms the solid earth He tears,
Piles rock on rock, no mountain mountain rears;
Heaves up huge Abyla on Afric’s sand,
Crowns with him Calpe Europe’s salient strand,
Crests with opposing towers the splendid scene,
And pours from urns immense the sea between,
Darwin: _Botanic Garden: Part I. Economy of Vegetation._
_The Poet._
CAMA.
In Hindu mythology the god of love and marriage, represented as riding
across the sky on the back of a parrot accompanied by the cuckoo and
the humming-bee.
Or over hills with peaky tops engrail’d,
And many a tract of palm and rice,
The throne of Indian Cama slowly sail’d
A summer fann’d with spice.
_Palace of Art._
CAMBALU.
The mediæval name of Pekin, the city of the Great Khan.
His eye might there command wherever stood
City of old or modern fame, the seat
Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls
Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can,
Milton: _Paradise Lost, xi. 385-388._
_Columbus._
CAMBRIDGE.
The capital of Cambridgeshire, and the seat of one of the English
Universities.
_Becket._
CAMEL.
A large ruminant quadruped, much used in Asia and Africa as a beast of
burden, and for riding. The camel is remarkable for its ability to go a
long time without drinking.
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lover’s Tale_.
CAMELEON.
A small lizard famous for changing its colour.
_Queen Mary._
CAMELIARD.
The realm of Leodogran, father of Guinevere, wife of king Arthur.
Brecknock--three miles from which town is a hill known as Arthur’s
hill--was considered to have marked one of its borders, and its
capital is said to have been Carohaise, a city as yet undiscovered.
Leodogran, the King of Cameliard,
Had one fair daughter, and none other child;
And she was fairest of all flesh on earth,
Guinevere, and in her his one delight.
With the assistance of king Arthur he cleared his realm of wild beasts
and heathen hordes that swarmed from overseas, after which his daughter
Guinevere became Arthur’s queen.
_Coming of Arthur._
CAMELOT.
The place where king Arthur chiefly held his court.
As it fell out on a Pentecost day,
King Arthur at Camelot kept his court royall,
With his faire queene dame Guenever the gay;
And many bold barons sitting in hall;
With ladies attired in purple and pall;
And heraults in hewkes, hooting on high,
Cryed, _Largesse, Largesse, Chevaliers tres-hardie_.
Percy’s _Reliques_. _King Ryence’s Challenge._
Caxton in his preface to Malory’s _Morte d’Arthur_ speaks of it as if
it were in Wales, probably meaning Caerleon-upon-Usk, where the Roman
amphitheatre is still called Arthur’s Round Table. The place referred
to by Shakespeare in his _King Lear_ is considered to be in Cornwall.
Goose, if I had you upon Sarum plain,
I’d drive ye cackling home to Camelot.
Shakespeare: _King Lear, Act II. Scene ii._
But the Camelot of the Arthurian romance is supposed to be the city of
Winchester.
Balin’s sword was put in a marble stone standing upright as great as
a millstone, and the stone hoved always above the water, and did many
years, and so by adventure it swam down the stream to the city of
Camelot that is in English Winchester.
Malory: _Morte d’Arthur, Book II. chap. xix._
It is now identified with a village called Camel in Somersetshire and
the town of Camelford in Cornwall. In the former place remains of the
entrenchments of an ancient town are still to be seen. The village
still preserves the traditions of Arthur, ‘the bridge over the river
Camel is called Arthur’s Bridge,’ and in the neighbourhood is a spring
known as ‘Arthur’s Well.’ At Camelford there is a grave locally known
as ‘King Arthur’s grave,’ and in the vicinity is Slaughter Hill, the
reputed scene of the ‘last weird battle in the west,’ where the traitor
Modred was slain, and where Arthur received his mortal wound. In
_Gareth and Lynette_ it is described as:
a city of shadowy palaces
And stately, rich in emblem and the work
Of ancient kings who did their days in stone:
Which Merlin’s hand, the Mage at Arthur’s court,
Knowing all arts, had touch’d, and everywhere
At Arthur’s ordinance, tipt with lessening peak
And pinnacle, and had made it spire to heaven.
And in the centre of the city was the great hall which Merlin had built
for Arthur
O brother, had you known our mighty hall
Which Merlin built for Arthur long ago!
For all the sacred mount of Camelot,
And all the dim rich city, roof by roof,
Tower after tower, spire beyond spire,
But in the description of the departure of the three knights in search
of the Holy Grail, Percivale says:
O brother, had you known our Camelot,
Built by old kings, age after age, so old
The king himself had fears that it would fall,
So strange, and rich, and dim; for where the roofs
Totter’d toward each other in the sky
Met foreheads all along the streets of those
Who watch’d us pass;
And in _Pelleas and Ettarre_, as Pelleas is riding away from the castle
of Ettarre
he saw
High up in heaven the hall that Merlin built,
Blackening against the dead-green stripes of even,
‘Black nest of rats,’ he groan’d, ‘ye build too high.’
_Lady of Shalott_;
_Morte d’Arthur_;
_Gareth and Lynette_;
_Marriage of Geraint_;
_Balin and Balan_;
_Merlin and Vivien_;
_Lancelot and Elaine_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Pelleas and Ettarre_;
_Last Tournament_;
_Guinevere_;
_Passing of Arthur_;
_Merlin and the Gleam_.
CAMILLA.
_See_ =Julian=.
CAMMA.
Wife of Sinnatus (_q.v._), afterwards priestess in the temple of
Artemis.
_The Cup._
CAMPANILI.
A genus of plants, bearing bell-shaped flowers.
_The Daisy._
CÁMULODÚNE.
The Roman name for the city of Colchester. Claudius established a Roman
settlement here to assist in the subjugation of Caractacus, a warlike
king who lived in South Wales. During the absence of the Governor,
the Iceni, under Boädicea (_q.v._) captured and burnt the colony and
massacred the inhabitants, some 70,000 Romans being said to have
perished, but Suetonius Paulinus on his return from Wales recovered
possession of the place.
_Boädicea._
CANA.
Perhaps, like him of Cana in Holy Writ,
Our Arthur kept his best until the last;
Refers to the marriage feast in Cana of Galilee where Christ was
present with His disciples and performed His miracle of turning the
water into wine. _John ii. 1-11._
_Holy Grail._
CANADA.
_A Welcome to Her Highness Marie Alexandrovna,
Duchess of Edinburgh_;
_Hands all Round_.
CANNING.
Stratford Canning, first viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, the
famous ambassador. Was secretary to the Envoy to Denmark in 1807;
Constantinople in 1808, and two years later was left in charge of the
British Embassy at Constantinople; plenipotentiary to Switzerland
1813-20; envoy to the United States of America 1820-24; to St.
Petersburg 1824, and again to Constantinople in 1825. M.P. for
Salisbury 1828, and for Stockbridge, 1830; appointed Envoy to St.
Petersburg 1833, but the Czar refused to receive him; in 1835 declined
the governorship of Canada; M.P. for Kings Lynn 1835-41, and in 1842
appointed ambassador at Constantinople. Envoy to Switzerland 1847,
and in the following year returned to Constantinople. In 1852 he was
created viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, and six years later resigned
his ambassadorship. He died in 1880. A statue to his memory was erected
in Westminster Abbey in 1884.
_Will Waterproof’s Lyrical Monologue_;
_Epitaph on Lord Stratford de Redcliffe_.
CANOPUS.
A bright star in the rudder of Argo, a constellation of the southern
hemisphere; so called from the old Egyptian city Canopus, or from an
Egyptian god of that name.
‘We drank the Libyan Sun to sleep, and lit
Lamps which out-burn’d Canopus.’
_Dream of Fair Women._
CANTERBURY.
_Queen Mary_;
_Harold_;
_Becket_.
CANTERBURY-BELLS.
= Campanula, a plant bearing bell-shaped flowers.
_City Child._
CANTERBURY MINSTER.
_Becket._
CAPITOL.
The temple of ancient Rome, where the senate met. It was situated on
the Mons Capitolinus, the smallest but the most famous of the seven
hills on which Rome is built.
_Freedom._
CAPRERA.
A small island in the Buccinari group of the coast of Sardinia. It was
the home of general Garibaldi, where he died, and his burial-place.
_To Ulysses._
CARADOS.
A king subdued by king Arthur, fighting on behalf of Leodogran, king of
Cameliard.
_Coming of Arthur._
CARAFFA.
John Peter Caraffa, elected pope of Rome under the title of Paul IV in
1555, at the age of eighty.
_Queen Mary._
CARAVEL.
the frailer caravel,
With what was mine, came happily to the shore.
_There_ was a glimmering of God’s hand.
The small, open ship of the Portuguese was called a caravel. When
Bovadilla (_q.v._) started on his homeward voyage to Spain, a hurricane
burst over his fleet. Many of the ships were entirely lost, and others
returned to San Domingo in a shattered condition. The only ship of
the fleet which pursued her voyage and ultimately reached her port
of destination was the frail caravel freighted with the property of
Columbus.
_Columbus._
CARBONEK.
A castle, according to legend built as the resting place of the Holy
Grail in the time of Alain, grandson of Joseph of Arimathæa. It was
the residence of king Pelles, whose daughter Elaine was mother of sir
Galahad.
and looking up,
Behold, the enchanted towers of Carbonek,
A castle like a rock upon a rock,
_Holy Grail._
CAREW (Peter).
_See_ =Peter Carew=.
CARIAN ARTEMISIA.
Daughter of Lygdamis, and queen of Halicarnassus. She built in memory
of her husband king Mausolus of Caria, the famous Mausoleum of
Halicarnassus, counted by the ancients as one of the seven wonders of
the world. With five ships she joined Xerxes in his invasion of Greece,
and fought at Salamis, 480 +B.C.+, where she displayed such signal
courage and energy, that Xerxes exclaimed: ‘My men have become women,
and my women men.’
and she
The foundress of the Babylonian wall
The Carian Artemisia strong in war.
_The Princess._
CARLOS.
Don Carlos, son of Philip II of Spain.
_Queen Mary._
CAROLINE.
There’s Margaret and Mary, there’s Kate and Caroline:
But none so fair as little Alice in all the land they say,
One of the four little girl friends of Alice, ‘Queen of the May.’
_May Queen._
CARP.
A fresh-water fish.
_Marriage of Geraint._
CARRIER-PIGEON.
A domestic pigeon used to convey messages from a distant point to its
home.
_Harold._
CARYATIDS.
In Greek architecture draped female figures supporting an entablature
in place of a column.
_The Princess._
CASCINÈ.
At Florence too what golden hours,
In those long galleries, were ours;
What drives about the fresh Cascinè,
Or walks in Boboli’s ducal bowers.
A park of Florence about two miles long, bounded by the rivers Arno
and Mugnone. It affords refreshing walks to the traveller, and is a
fashionable rendezvous, particularly for driving.
_The Daisy._
CASSANDRA.
A Trojan princess; the beautiful daughter of Priam and Hecuba, whom
Apollo in return for her love endowed with the gift of prophecy. She
predicted to the Trojans the siege and destruction of their city, and
was shut up in prison as a madwoman. On the fall of Troy she became the
slave of Agamemnon, and was murdered along with her master by his wife
Clytemnestra. She is one of the characters in Shakespeare’s _Troilus
and Cressida_.
_Œnone_;
_Romney’s Remorse_.
CASSIA.
A genus of plants of many species, most of which have purgative
qualities.
_Love and Death._
CASSIOPEIA.
Queen of Ethiopia, mother of Andromeda. For boasting that her
daughter’s beauty surpassed the beauty of the sea-nymphs, Neptune sent
a sea-serpent, which ravaged the kingdom. At death she was made a
constellation, consisting of thirteen stars.
Or that starred Ethiop queen that strove
To set her beauty’s praise above
The Sea-Nymphs, and their powers offended.
Milton: _Il Penseroso, 19-21._
_The Princess._
CÁSSIVËLAÚN.
Cássivëlaún, was a king of Britain at the time when Julius Cæsar
invaded the island. Mwrchan, a Gallic chief, in league with Cæsar
seized and carried away to Gaul, Flur, Cássivëlaún’s betrothed, but
Cássivëlaún invading Gaul at the head of 60,000 troops, gained a
complete victory and rescued his bride.
And sweeter than the bride of Cassivelaun,
Flur, for whose love the Roman Cæsar first
Invaded Britain,
On Cæsar’s second invasion of the island, Cássivëlaún again vanquished
him; but the Romans being reinforced by Androgeus, he was defeated and
agreed to pay tribute to the amount of 3,000 pounds of silver annually.
Several years after he died and was buried at York.
_Boädicea_;
_Marriage of Geraint_.
CASTALIES.
_See_ =Castaly=.
_The Princess._
CASTALY.
A fountain at the foot of mount Parnassus, sacred to the Muses; called
after a nymph who drowned herself in it to escape Apollo. Its waters
inspired those who drank thereof with the gift of poetry.
_Becket._
CASTILE--CASTILLE.
A district of Spain, divided by the mountains of Castile into old and
new Castile. Anciently inhabited by Celtiberian tribes, but united to
the crown of Spain in 1469 by the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.
_Columbus_;
_Queen Mary_.
CASTLE PERILOUS.
The home of Lady Lyonors. There she was held captive by four knights.
Lynette (_q.v._) her sister went to king Arthur and asked for a knight
to fight to rescue her, and the task was given to sir Gareth (_q.v._),
who overcame the knights and liberated the lady. Malory in his _Morte
d’Arthur_ says that Gareth married the lady and his brother Gaheris
married Lynette, but Tennyson says that Gareth married Lynette, but
makes no mention of lady Lyonors.
_Gareth and Lynette._
CASTRO.
Chaplain to king Philip of Spain.
Thou knowest I bad my chaplain, Castro preach
Against these burnings.
_Queen Mary._
CAT.
A domestic animal.
_The Falcon_;
_The Owl_;
_The Goose_;
_Walking to the Mail_;
_The Princess_;
_Maud_;
_Promise of May_;
_The Foresters_;
_Holy Grail_;
_Northern Cobbler_;
_Tomorrow_;
_Spinster’s Sweet-Arts_;
_Locksley Hall Sixty Years After_;
_Owd Roä_;
_Church-warden and the Curate_.
CATALONIAN MINORITE.
For curbing crimes that scandalised the Cross
By him, the Catalonian Minorite,
Rome’s Vicar in our Indies?
_Catalonian_ = Catalonia, a Spanish province. _Minorite_ = a monk. Has
reference to Friar Bernardo Buil, a Benedictine monk who accompanied
Columbus on his second voyage to America, 1493. He had been chosen by
pope Alexander VI to be his apostolic vicar in the West Indies.
_Columbus._
CATERPILLAR.
The coloured grub of the lepidopterous insects, or of butterflies and
moths.
_Guinevere._
CATHARINE.