THE STORMING OF LUCKNOW
With the fall of Delhi the tale of the Great Mutiny practically ends.
Lucknow, it is true, remained to be captured. The broken forces of
the mutineers had to be crushed in detail. A new system of civil
administration had to be built up. The famous Company itself vanished—the
native prophecy that the _raj_ of the Company would last only a hundred
years from Plassey thus being curiously fulfilled; and on September
1, 1858—less than a year after Delhi fell—the Queen was proclaimed
throughout India as its Sovereign. But Hodson, who in addition to being a
great soldier had a wizard-like insight into the real meaning of events,
was right when, on the evening of the day on which the British flag
was hoisted once more over the royal palace at Delhi, he wrote in his
journal: “This day will be a memorable one in the annals of the empire.
The restoration of British rule in the East dates from September 20,
1857.”
Yet there would be a certain failure in the dramatic completeness of the
story were it to end leaving Lucknow in the hands of the rebels. The
tale of the storming of the capital of Oude must be added as a pendant
to that other great siege which planted the British flag on the walls of
Delhi.
There was, in a sense, no “siege” of Lucknow by the British. There was no
investment, no formal approaches, no zigzag of trenches. It was a storm,
rather than a siege—though the fighting stretched from March 2 to March
21, 1858. But it was the last of the great military operations of the
campaign which crushed the Mutiny. The fall of the city left the historic
revolt without a centre. The war, henceforth, always excepting the
brilliant campaign of Sir Hugh Rose in the Central Provinces, became a
guerilla campaign; a campaign of petty sieges, of the hunting down of one
Sepoy leader after another, of the rout of this petty body of mutineers,
or of that. It is curious to note how great civilians and great soldiers
differed in judgment as to the policy of undertaking the recapture of
Lucknow at that particular moment. Colin Campbell’s strategy was to
conduct a cool campaign in the hills of Rohilcund, and leave Lucknow
alone for the present. That city would serve as a sort of draining
ground, a centre into which all the mutineers would flow; and when cool
weather came, Campbell, imprisoning Lucknow in a girdle of converging
columns, would destroy or capture the mutineers in one vast “bag.”
This was leisurely and wary strategy; but it overlooked the political
elements in the problem. It was the scheme of a soldier rather than of
a statesman. Lucknow, left for months undisturbed, would be a signal of
hope for every revolted chief and mutinous Sepoy. It might well take the
place of Delhi as the brain and heart of the Mutiny. It would be a sign
to all India that the British did not feel themselves strong enough, as
yet, to strike at the centre of the rebel power.
The civilian was wiser than the soldier, and Lord Canning’s views
prevailed. But it is worth noting that Colin Campbell’s plan of “bagging”
all the mutineers with one vast, far-stretching sweep in Lucknow would
have been carried into effect on Lord Canning’s lines, but for a double
blunder, which marked Campbell’s own conduct of the siege.
It was a great task to which the British Commander-in-chief now addressed
himself. Lucknow was a huge honeycomb of native houses; a city more than
twenty miles in circumference, with a turbulent population calculated
variously at from 300,000 to 1,000,000 people. It had a garrison of
130,000 fighting men, with an overwhelming force of artillery. The Sepoy
leaders, too, who knew the value of the spade in war, had spent months in
making the city, as they believed, impregnable. Both Havelock and Colin
Campbell, in fighting their way to the Residency, had broken into the
city from the eastern front; and the Sepoys, with a touching simplicity,
took it for granted that the third attack on the city would follow the
lines of the earlier assaults. The British, that is, would cross the
canal, and force a path to the Residency through the great gardens and
stately buildings which occupied the space betwixt the mass of the city
and the Goomtee; and they accordingly barred this approach by a triple
line of formidable defences. The first was a vast flanked rampart, on the
inner side of the canal, and to which the canal served as a wet ditch.
The second was a great circular earthwork, like the curve of a railway
embankment, which enclosed the Mess-house. Behind it rose what was, in
fact, the citadel of Lucknow, the Kaisarbagh, or King’s Palace. Both
these lines stretched from the river on one flank, to the mass of houses
which constituted the town, on the other flank. They might be pierced,
they could not be turned; and they bristled from flank to flank with
heavy guns. The third line was a stupendous earthwork, covering the whole
north front of the King’s Palace. Its guns swept the narrow space betwixt
the palace and the river with their fire.
Each great building along this line of advance was itself a fortress, and
everything which ingenuity could suggest, and toil execute, had been done
to make the defence formidable. The task of fighting a way across these
triple lines, and through this tangle of fortified houses, each girdled
with rifle-pits, and loopholed from foundation to roof, might well have
been deemed impossible.
In the previous November Colin Campbell had rescued the garrison of
the Residency; but he was compelled to surrender Lucknow itself to
the rebels. With great wisdom and audacity, however, he clung to the
Alumbagh, planting Outram there, with a force of about 4000 men. The
Alumbagh, thus held, was a sort of pistol levelled at the head of
Lucknow, or a spear threatening its heart. It was a perpetual menace; a
sign that the British still kept their hold of the revolted city, and,
on some bloody errand of revenge, would speedily return to it. The task
of holding a position so perilous exactly suited Outram’s cool brain
and serene courage. He had nothing of Nicholson’s tempestuous valour,
or of Hodson’s audacious daring. He lacked initiative. The temper which
made Nelson, at Copenhagen, put the telescope to his blind eye, when his
admiral was trying to call him off from the fight, was one which Outram
could hardly have understood; and it was a temper which certainly never
stirred in his own blood. But, given a definite task, Outram might be
trusted to do it with perfect intelligence, and, if necessary, to die
cheerfully in the doing of it.
For three months he held that perilous post in front of Lucknow, a tiny
handful of troops bearding a great revolted city, with a garrison of
100,000 fighting men. He was attacked on front and rear and flank, and,
more than once, with a force of over 60,000 men. No less than six great
attacks, indeed, can be counted. But Outram held his post with exquisite
skill and unshaken valour. His troops were veterans; his officers were
fighters of unsurpassed quality. Brasyer commanded his Sikhs; Barrow
and Wale led his scanty squadrons of horse; Vincent Eyre, Olpherts, and
Maude, commanded his guns. With such troops, and such leaders, Outram,
for more than three months, held his daring post in front of Lucknow,
and beat back, with vast loss of life, the attacks hurled upon him. And
the Alumbagh, thus victoriously held, served as a screen, behind which
Campbell’s forces gathered for the leap on Lucknow.
Colin Campbell was happily delivered from the evil condition which had
hitherto fettered all the operations of the British. He was not required
to attempt, with a handful of men, the task of a great army. He had
under his hands the finest fighting force any British general in India
had yet commanded, an army of 31,000 men, with 164 guns. Of these, 9000
were Ghoorkas—the Nepaulese contingent under Jung Bahadur. It was late in
reaching the field, and Campbell doubted whether he ought to wait for the
Ghoorkas. But here, again, the civilian proved wiser than the soldier. “I
am sure,” wrote Lord Canning, “we ought to wait for the Jung Bahadur, who
would be driven wild to find himself deprived of a share in the work.” It
was a political gain of the first order to show the greatest fighting
prince in India arrayed under the British flag against the Mutiny.
[Illustration: LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR JAMES OUTRAM, BART., G.C.B.
_From a painting by THOMAS BRIGSTOCKE_]
Hope Grant, with the present Lord Roberts as his A.A.G., commanded the
cavalry; Archdale Wilson the guns; Napier—afterwards of Magdala fame—the
engineers. Outram, Lugard, and Walpole commanded the three infantry
divisions. It was a fine army, admirably officered and led, and made
a perfect fighting machine. And of all Campbell’s generals, no one,
perhaps, served him better than did Robert Napier. He supplied the plan
of attack, which made the Sepoy defences worthless, and enabled Lucknow
to be carried, practically, in fourteen days, and at a loss of only 125
officers and men killed, and less than 600 wounded.
The east front, which was to be attacked, resembled, roughly, a boot laid
on its side. A great canal, running north and south, is the sole of the
“boot”; the river Goomtee curves round the toe, and, running back sharply
to the south, defines the top of the foot, and stretches up to what may
be described as the ankle. The road across the Dilkusha bridge pierces
the centre of what we have called the “sole,” and the triple line of
Sepoy defences barred this line of approach. Napier’s plan was to bridge
the Goomtee, pass a strong force, with heavy guns, in a wide sweep round
the “toe” of the boot, on the northern bank of the river. The heavy guns,
when placed in position on the north bank, would take in reverse all
the Sepoy defences, and smite with a direct and overwhelming fire the
chief positions—the Mess-house, the Secundrabagh, and the Residency, &c.,
which the Sepoys held. The Sepoy generals had constructed no defences on
the north bank of the river, though it was strongly held by the rebel
cavalry. Outram was to command the force operating from the north bank
of the river. When his guns had swept the Sepoy defences from flank to
flank, then the British left would advance, cross the Dilkusha bridge,
and fight its way up to the Kaisarbagh and the Residency, Outram, with
his flanking gun-fire, always pushing ahead.
The British right and left were thus like the two blades of a pair of
scissors, thrust through the web of the Sepoy defences; and when the
“scissors” closed, those defences would be cut clean through from east to
west.
Campbell began his operations on the morning of March 3. Forbes-Mitchell,
who stood in the ranks of the 93rd, looked out with a soldier’s eye over
the domed mosques and sky-piercing minarets of the doomed city, sharp-cut
against the morning sky. “I don’t think,” he writes, “I ever saw a
prettier scene.” Forbes-Mitchell was not an artist, only a hard-fighting
private in the 93rd; but Russell of the _Times_, who was familiar with
all the great cities of the world, was just as deeply impressed as
Forbes-Mitchell with the aspect that Lucknow wore that fateful morning,
when the red tide of war was about to fill and flood its streets. This is
how Russell describes the scene: “A vision of palaces, minarets, domes,
azure and golden, cupolas, colonnades, long façades of fair perspective,
in pillar and column, terraced roofs—all rising up amid a calm, still
ocean of the brightest verdure. Look for miles and miles away, and still
the ocean spreads, and the towers of the fairy city gleam in its midst.
Spires of gold glitter in the sun. Turrets and gilded spheres shine like
constellations. There is nothing mean or squalid to be seen. Here is a
city more vast than Paris, as it seems, and more brilliant, lying before
us.”
But there was the grim face of war hidden beneath the mask of smiling
beauty which Lucknow presented that March morning. The soldiers, as they
stood in their ranks, could see, line beyond line, the frowning Sepoy
defences; while, in the foreground, Peel, with his blue-jackets, was
getting his heavy 16-pounders into position for the fierce duel about to
begin. Colin Campbell’s movement on his left, however, was but a feint,
designed to mislead the enemy’s generals. On the night of the 4th the
construction of two bridges across the Goomtee was begun. On the morning
of the 5th one of them was completed, and the British infantry crossed,
and threw up earthworks to defend the bridge-head. By midnight on the 5th
both bridges were complete, with their approaches, and by four o’clock
the troops were crossing. Hope Grant, in command of the cavalry, covered
their front, and drove back the enemy’s horse.
The Queen’s Bays, a young regiment that had never yet been engaged, were
in the advance. They got out of hand in their ardour, and rode recklessly
on a body of Sepoy horse, smashed them with their charge, followed them
over-eagerly into broken ground, and under heavy gun-fire. They came back
broken from that wild charge, their major, Percy Smith, was killed, and
the Bays themselves suffered badly.
Outram, meanwhile, had got round what we have called the “toe” of the
boot, and, swinging to the left, followed the curve of the river bank
till a point was reached which took the first line of the Sepoy defences
beyond the river in reverse. Twenty-two heavy guns had been brought,
by this time, across the river, and sites were chosen for two powerful
batteries. Nicholson, of the Engineers, tells how he rode with Outram to
the river bank, to choose the position of the first battery. “Got close,”
he writes, “to the end of the enemy’s lines, and found we could see into
the rear of these works. Poor creatures! They have not a grain of sense.
They have thrown up the most tremendous works, and they are absolutely
useless.” A stroke of clever generalship, in a word, had turned the Sepoy
lines into mere paper screens.
A building, called the Chaker Kothi, or Yellow House, had to be carried,
as it commanded the site of one of the batteries. Most of the Sepoys
holding the building fled when the British attacking party came on, but
nine of them stubbornly clung to their post, and they fired so fast, and
with so deadly an aim, that they shot down more than their own number
before the position was carried. It was only, indeed, by firing salvos
from a troop of horse artillery that this stubborn little garrison was
driven out of the building at last. Then, from the summit of the Yellow
House, a three-storey building, a flag—one of the colours of the Bengal
Fusileers—was set up, a signal to the British left wing that Outram’s
batteries were in position.
On the morning of the 9th, Outram’s guns opened on the first line of the
Sepoy defences, that to which the canal served as a wet ditch, with a
fire that swept it from flank to flank. Campbell was pouring the fire
of Peel’s guns upon the Martinere, which served as a sort of outwork to
the long canal-rampart, and at two o’clock the Highland regiments—the
42nd leading, the 93rd in support—were launched on the enemy’s position.
The men of the 93rd were too impatient to be content with “supporting”
the 42nd, and the two regiments raced down the slope side by side.
Earthworks, trenches, rifle-pits were leaped or clambered over, and
almost in a moment the Sepoys were in wild flight across the canal. The
Highlanders, with the 4th Punjaub Rifles, followed them eagerly, and
broke through the enemy’s first line.
Outram’s first battery, as we have said, was sweeping this line with
a cruel flank fire. The Sepoys had been driven from their guns in the
batteries that abutted on the river, and they seemed to be deserted.
Adrian Hope’s men were attacking, at that moment, the farther, or
southern, end of the line; and Butler, of the 1st Bengal Fusileers, with
four privates, ran down to the bank of the river and tried to attract the
attention of the British left, some third of a mile distant; but in vain.
The river was sixty yards wide, the current ran swiftly, the farther bank
was held by Sepoy batteries; and though no Sepoys could be seen, yet
it might well be that scores were crouching under its shelter. Butler,
however, with the ready daring of youth, threw off his coat and boots,
scrambled down the river bank, plunged into the stream and swam across
it. He climbed up the farther bank, mounted the parapet of the abandoned
work, and, standing there, waved his arms to the distant Highlanders. It
was not a very heroic figure! His wet uniform clung to his limbs, the
water was running down hair and face. The Sepoys nigh at hand, opened a
sharp fire upon him. But still that damp figure stood erect and cool,
showing, clear against the sky-line.
Butler was seen from the British left, and the meaning of his gestures
understood; but a staff officer, with more punctiliousness than common
sense, objected to the troops moving along the line till orders had been
received to that effect. So a brief delay occurred. Still that damp
figure stood aloft, shot at from many points, but vehemently signalling.
Now the Highlanders and Sikhs came eagerly on, and Butler, having handed
over to them the battery which, wet and unarmed, he had captured,
scrambled down into the river, and swam back to rejoin his regiment. It
was a gallant feat, and the Victoria Cross, which rewarded it, was well
earned.
That night the British were content with holding the enemy’s first
line. On the 10th Campbell, who, for all his hot Scottish temper, was
the wariest and most deliberate of generals, was content with pushing
Outram’s batteries still farther up the north bank, so as to command the
Mess-house and the Begum’s Palace. On the left, the building known as
Banks’ House was battered with artillery, and carried. The two blades of
the scissors, in a word, had been thrust far up into the city, and now
they were to be closed! Betwixt the positions held to the right and to
the left, stood the great mass of buildings known as the Begum Kothi, the
Begum’s Palace. This was strongly held, and the fight which carried it
was the most stubborn and bloody of the whole operations of the siege.
The guns played fiercely upon it for hours; by the middle of the
afternoon a slight breach had been effected, and it was resolved to
assault. Forbes-Mitchell says that the men of the 93rd were finishing
their dinner when they noticed a stir amongst the staff officers. The
brigadiers were putting their heads together. Suddenly the order was
given for the 93rd to “fall in.” “This was quietly done, the officers
taking their places, the men tightening their belts, and pressing their
bonnets firmly on their heads, loosening the ammunition in their pouches,
and seeing that the springs of their bayonets held tight.” A few seconds
were spent in these grim preparations, then came the sharp word of
command that stiffened the whole regiment into an attitude of silent
eagerness. The Begum’s Palace was to be rushed.
It was a block of buildings of vast size and strength. The breach was
little more than a scratch in the wall of the gateway, which it needed
the activity of a goat to climb, and which only British soldiers,
daringly led, would have undertaken to assault in the teeth of a numerous
enemy. And there were nearly 5000 Sepoys within that tangle of courts!
The storming party consisted of the 93rd and the 4th Punjaub Rifles, led
by Adrian Hope. The 93rd led, the Punjaubees were in support, and the
rush was fierce and daring. It is said that the adjutant of the 93rd,
McBean, cut down with his own sword no less than eleven of the enemy, in
forcing his way through the breach; and he won the Victoria Cross by his
performance. He was an Inverness ploughman when he enlisted in the 93rd,
and he rose through all its ranks until he commanded the regiment.
Captain M’Donald was shot dead while leading his men. His senior
lieutenant took the company on, until the charging crowd was stopped
by a ditch eighteen feet wide, and from twelve to fourteen feet deep.
The stormers leaped, with hardly a pause, into the ditch, but it seemed
impossible to climb up the farther bank. Wood, of the Grenadier company,
however, clambered on the shoulders of a tall private, and, claymore in
hand, mounted the farther side. The spectacle of a Highland bonnet and
menacing claymore, making its appearance above the ditch, proved too
much for the Sepoys. They fled, and Wood pulled up man after man by the
muzzle of his rifle—the rifles, it may be mentioned as an interesting
detail, were all loaded, and on full cock! Highlanders and Punjaubees,
racing side by side, had now broken into the great palace. Every doorway
was barred and loopholed, and the Sepoys fought desperately; but the
Highlanders, with the Punjaubees in generous rivalry, broke through
barrier after barrier, till they reached the inner square, filled with
a mass of Sepoys. “The word,” Forbes-Mitchell says, was “keep well
together, men, and use the bayonet,” and that order was diligently
obeyed. The combat raged for over two hours, the pipe-major of the
93rd blowing his pipes shrilly during the whole time. “I knew,” he
said afterwards, “our boys would fight all the better while they heard
the bagpipes.” When the main fight was over, in the inner court of the
Begum’s Palace, alone, over 860 of the enemy lay dead. Colin Campbell
himself described it as “the sternest struggle which occurred during the
siege.”
That most gallant, but ill-fated soldier, Adrian Hope, personally led one
of the storming parties. It is said that he got in through a window, up
to which he was lifted, and through which he was pushed by his men. He
was sent headlong and sprawling upon a group of Sepoys in the dark room
inside. That apparition of the huge, red-headed Celt tumbling upon them,
sword and pistol in hand, was too much for the Sepoys, and they fled
without striking a blow!
Perhaps the most gallant soldier that perished within the blood-splashed
courts of Begum Kothi was Hodson, of “Hodson’s Horse.” Robert Napier
tells the story of how, when he was in the act of reconnoitring the
breach, he found Hodson suddenly standing beside him, and saying,
laughingly, “I am come to take care of you.” The two watched the rush
of the stormers up the breach, and listened to the sound of the fierce
tumult within the walls. Presently, arm-in-arm, they quietly climbed
the breach, and found the last embers of the conflict still spluttering
within. Napier was called away by some duty and Hodson went forward
alone.
At the back of the mosque ran a narrow lane, bordered by rooms in which
many of the flying Sepoys had found shelter. Forbes-Mitchell says they
had broken open the door of one of these rooms, and saw it was crowded
with Sepoys. He placed some of his party on each side of the door, and
sent back two men to the breach to get a few bags of gunpowder, with slow
matches fixed, intending to light one of these and fling it into the
room, by way of summarily clearing out the Sepoys. At that moment Hodson
came quickly up, sword in hand. “Where are the rebels?” he demanded
grimly. Forbes-Mitchell’s narrative runs: “I pointed to the door of the
room, and Hodson, shouting, ‘Come on,’ was about to rush in. I implored
him not to do so, saying ‘It’s certain death; wait for the powder; I’ve
sent men for powder-bags.’ Hodson made a step forward, and I put out my
hand to seize him by the shoulder to pull him out of the line of the
doorway, when he fell back, shot through the chest. He gasped out a few
words, either, ‘Oh, my wife,’ or ‘Oh, my mother’—I cannot now rightly
remember—but was immediately choked by blood.”
Colonel Gordon-Alexander, who took part in the assault, and saw Hodson
come on the scene, gives a similar account of the manner in which
Hodson received his wound; but it illustrates the unreliability of
human testimony to notice how he and Forbes-Mitchell, who were both
actors in the tragedy, flatly contradict each other from this point.
Gordon-Alexander says that a man of his company, whom he had sent over
to warn Hodson, “never stopped, but ran in at the door and pinned the
man who had shot Hodson, with his bayonet, before he had time to reload.
There was only one other Sepoy in the doorway, and he was bayoneted,
too.” Forbes-Mitchell says that after Hodson had been carried off, the
bags of powder, with slow matches in them, were brought up. “These we
lit, and then pitched the bags in through the door. Two or three bags
very soon brought the enemy out, and they were bayoneted. One of the
93rd, a man named Rule, rushed in among the rebels, using both bayonet
and butt of his rifle, shouting, ‘Revenge for Hodson!’ and he killed more
than half the men single-handed.” But, according to Gordon-Alexander,
there were only two Sepoys in the room, and no powder-bags were necessary
to drive them out!
Hodson was a soldier of real genius, but was pursued through life, and
to his very grave, by a swarm of baseless calumnies. When he was buried,
Colin Campbell himself stood by the grave, and, as the coffin of the dead
soldier sank from sight, the British commander-in-chief burst into tears.
Those tears, rolling down the cheeks of so great and fine a soldier, are
Hodson’s best vindication and memorial.
Meanwhile, some other formidable buildings—the Secundrabagh, the Shah
Nujeef, &c.—had fallen, almost without resistance, into the hands of
the British. Outram was steadily pushing on along the northern bank,
and scourging with his flank fire each position the Sepoys held. The
12th and the 13th were employed by the engineers in pushing on a line of
advance through the houses, to the left of the main road, thus avoiding
the fire of the Sepoys. On the morning of the 14th the Imambarah, a mass
of minarets, flat roofs, and long, ornamental frontage, was stormed by
Brasyer’s Sikhs. Outram, by this time, had seized the iron bridge to
the west of the Residency. He was in a position to cork the neck of the
bottle, that is, and to make flight impossible for the great mass of the
Sepoys. But this splendid position was thrown away by the first of the
two great blunders which mar Colin Campbell’s conduct of the siege.
Outram asked permission to force the bridge, and take the Sepoys,
still holding the Kaisarbagh and the Residency, in the rear. Campbell
consented, but forbade him crossing, if, in the process, he would lose a
single man. Now, the bridge was held in force by the Sepoys, and guarded
by a battery, and to force it would necessarily risk many lives. But war
is a business of risks, and the gain beyond was enormous. A soldier like
Nicholson, or Neill, or Hodson, would have interpreted Campbell’s order
generously; or they would have stormed the bridge without orders, and
would have trusted to the justification which success always gives. But
Outram was of a less audacious type. An order, to him, was _sacro-sanct_.
He made no attempt to cross the bridge, but looked on, while the defeated
Sepoys streamed past in thousands, escaping to the open country, there to
kindle the fires of a costly guerilla warfare.
The preparations to pass the bridge, it may be added, were marked by
fine valour on the part of one of Outram’s engineers. Outram himself
had, at the beginning of the operations, thrown a barricade across the
bridge, to prevent the Sepoys crossing. When, in turn, he himself had to
force his way across, it was necessary to remove this barricade, and to
do it in broad daylight, and under a fierce and sustained fire from the
Sepoys. Wynne, of the Engineers, and a sergeant named Paul, undertook the
perilous task. They crept forward, crouching under the parapet of the
bridge; then, kneeling down, they removed one sand-bag after another from
the barricade, passing each bag back along the line of men, from hand to
hand. But, as the level of the barricade sank, the two gallant engineers
were exposed more fully to the Sepoy muskets. The fire was furious. Yet
Wynne and his companion coolly pulled down the barricade, bag by bag,
till the lowest tier was reached, and then ran back unharmed.
Meanwhile, events elsewhere had moved too fast for the British
commander-in-chief. Brasyer’s Sikhs, with some companies of the 10th
Foot, had stormed the Imambarah. The flying Sepoys took refuge in the
next and strongest of all the Sepoy works, the citadel of the whole
defence, the Kaisarbagh, a blaze of gilded spires, cupolas and domes,
all turned into a vast fortification. The Sikhs and the 10th followed
vehemently and closely, while some of the men of the 90th, led by young
Havelock, carried a palace close to the Kaisarbagh, from which they
commanded three of its bastions. They opened on them a fire so deadly
that the Sepoys fled from their guns. The engineers wished to stay any
further attack; the programme for the day was exhausted, and, in Colin
Campbell’s leisurely tactics, nothing further was meant to be done that
day.
But the stormers were eager; Sikhs and Highlanders alike had the fire of
victory in their blood. They clambered through an embrasure, and forced
their way into the Kaisarbagh, Havelock running back and bringing up some
companies of the 10th Foot. Brasyer pushed out beyond the Kaisarbagh,
indeed, to the Mess-house. Franks and Napier brought up new troops, and
the Kaisarbagh itself was swept from end to end.
All the wealth of India seemed to have been gathered within that great
mass of gilded walls, and all this was now given up to mad and wasteful
plunder. The men, to use Russell’s phrase, were “drunk with plunder.”
They literally waded through court after court, piled high with
embroidered cloths, gold and silver brocade, arms rough with jewels,
shawls heavy with gold, banners, cloaks, pictures, vases. The men had the
wealth of kings under their feet!
It was a day of great deeds. Two successive lines of defensive works,
vast as railway embankments, garrisoned by an army, and backed by a great
citadel, had been carried in succession. And yet the chief military
gain of this great feat was lost, owing to Colin Campbell’s absurd
order, which held Outram back from carrying the iron bridge, and enabled
the flying Sepoys to escape in thousands, to relight the flame of war
throughout the whole of Oude.
It is amusing to know that Colin Campbell was at first disgusted, rather
than delighted, with the daring rush which, with such indecent and
unscientific haste, carried the Kaisarbagh. He is said, indeed, to have
sent orders to Franks to evacuate the great post. Franks, however, was
both a fine soldier and a hot-blooded Irishman, and he declined, in the
bluntest form of speech, to give up the great stronghold his men had
carried with a dash so brilliant.
Campbell’s imagination, it seems, was haunted by the sense that each
Sepoy position, when it was carried, was an abandoned powder-magazine,
packed thick with the possibilities of dreadful explosions. And facts
justified that uncomfortable belief. The story of one such fatal
explosion may be briefly told. In the Jumma Musjid no less than nine
cart-loads of gunpowder were discovered. The powder was packed in tin
cases, and it was resolved to destroy it by flinging the cases down a
well. A line of men was formed, and the cases passed quickly from hand to
hand. The first case flung down struck against the side of the well, and
exploded. The flame ran from case to case along the whole line till it
reached the carts. The cases in the very hands of the men exploded, the
nine cart-loads went off in one terrific blast of flame and sound, and,
with one exception, the whole party—numbering twenty-two men, with two
engineer officers in command—was killed. The only man who escaped was the
one that threw that fatal first case down the well!
When the Kaisarbagh and the Mess-house fell, and the third line of
Sepoy defences was thus carried, Lucknow was practically in the British
power. But on the next day, March 15, Colin Campbell, wary and war-wise
soldier though he was, committed a second blunder, which helped to rob
the success of some of its best fruits. He realised the blunder he
committed when he held back Outram, and to remedy it he perpetrated a
further mistake. He despatched his two cavalry brigades in pursuit of
the flying Sepoys, and despatched them on the wrong roads. The absence
of the cavalry created a huge gap in the British lines on the north of
the Goomtee, and a great body of Sepoys, said to be more than 20,000
strong, escaped through it unharmed. “In this way,” says Lord Roberts,
“the campaign, which should then have come to an end, was protracted
for nearly a year by the fugitives spreading themselves over Oude, and
occupying forts and other strong positions, from which they were able to
offer resistance to our troops till the end of May 1859; thus causing
needless loss of thousands of British soldiers.” That is a severe
condemnation to be written by one great soldier on another.
Brigadier Campbell, with a strong body of horse and guns, hovered outside
the Musabagh, ready to cut up the Sepoys when Outram had driven them out
of that building. For some mysterious reason, and to the open disgust of
the whole British army, he failed to cut up the flying Sepoys. It was,
for his command, a day of inertness and failure; yet it was lit up by one
splendid dash of personal daring. A small mud fort covered, at one point,
the road along which the Sepoys were flying, and Campbell sent forward a
party of cavalry—a troop of the 7th Hussars and a squadron of Hodson’s
Horse, with two guns—to clear the Sepoys out of it. The guns flung a
couple of shells over the walls of the fort, and it had the effect of a
match flung into a beehive! The bees flew out, eager to sting! Some fifty
rebels, headed by the village chief, a giant in size, suddenly rushed
from the gate of the fort on the guns. They were upon the Hussars before
they could be put in motion to charge, and the three troop officers were
in an instant struck down. A cluster of the Sepoys bent over one of the
three, Banks, slashing and thrusting at him, when Hegart, in command of
the Hussars, rode single-handed to his rescue.
He broke through the group, shooting right and left with his revolver,
wheeled and dashed through them again. He had shot three, and knocked
over a fourth with the hilt of his sword, when two Sikhs galloped up to
his aid, and Banks was saved, only to die of his wounds a few days later.
When Hegart emerged from the fight everything he had about him, says Hope
Grant, bore traces of his gallant struggle. His saddle and his horse were
marked with sword-slashes, his sword-hilt was dinted, his martingale was
cut, the silk pocket handkerchief with which his sword was tied to his
wrist was severed as cleanly as with a razor.
The capture of Lucknow, in a space of time so brief, and at a cost so
slight, was due in part, of course, to the splendid leadership of the
officers and the daring of the men. But it was due, in even greater
measure, to the skill of the engineers. It was an engineer’s plan that
sent Outram, with his heavy guns, across the Goomtee, round the “toe” of
the boot, and so took the lines of the Sepoys in reverse. It was clever
engineering, again, which broke a way for the advance of the British left
wing through the houses to the left of the great road. The Sepoys had
taken it for granted that the advance of the British would be up that
road, and they had turned it into a Valley of Death. Every parapeted
housetop that looked down on the road was crowded with muskets. The road
itself was merely a double line of crenellated walls, inaccessible to
scaling ladders, swept by grape and case-shot from every cross street,
pelted by musketry from every mosque roof and palace gable, and raked
from end to end with the fire of great guns. But all these elaborate
and terrible defences were made useless by the fact that the British
engineers tore a road for their advance through the houses to the left of
the great road, until the Kaisarbagh itself was reached and seized. The
whole siege, indeed, is a lesson in the value of science in war. Brains
count for more, in such a struggle, than even bullets.
The Residency itself fell with almost ludicrous tameness. Outram, on the
16th, forced his way across the Iron Bridge, and the Residency, though
crowded with Sepoys, was yielded with scarcely a musket shot being fired
in defence. The position which the Sepoys tried, in vain, for more than
eighty days to carry, was taken by the British in less than as many
minutes!
[Illustration: Map of NORTHERN INDIA showing distribution of troops on
1st. May 1857.
By permission, from Captain Trotter’s Life of John Nicholson, John Murray
1898.
Walker & Cockerell sc.]
Lucknow did not fall, however, without one eccentric and highly illogical
flash of valour being shown by the Sepoys. The Moulvie of Fyzabad was
the most obstinate and daring of the leaders thrown up by the great
Mutiny. He was a soldier, indeed, who, on the Sepoys’ side, rivals Tantia
Topee himself for generalship; while, for personal daring, he leaves the
Nana’s general hopelessly behind. The Moulvie had made his escape from
Lucknow, but in a mood of sudden wrath, turned his face towards the city
again. He returned, and occupied a strong building, from which he was
only expelled with much hard fighting by the 93rd and the 4th Punjaub
Infantry. The fight was hopeless from the outset; the city had fallen,
further resistance was a mere idle waste of life. Yet the Sepoys showed a
more desperate courage in this combat than at any other point throughout
the siege. For so much does the influence of one brave man count!
INDEX
Abbott, Major, 37 _et seq._
Adye, 247
Agra, 176
Aikman, Lieutenant, 331, 332
Aitken, Lieutenant, 163, 207, 234
Ajmeer Gate, Delhi, 317
Alexander, 66, 67
Alison, 241, 251, 254, 256
Allahabad, 108, 125, 254;
revolt, 65;
mutineers march to Delhi, 66;
treasury plundered, 69;
Neill arrives from Benares at, 70, 75;
retribution, 77
Alumbagh, 7, 236, 240;
storming of the, 194;
Outram holds the, 349, 350
Anderson, Captain, 164, 171
⸺, Major, 182
Anson, General, 210, 272;
his death, 273
⸺, Major, 236
Aong, village of, 130
Arnold, Captain, 200, 208
Arrah, 7
Arrapore, 126
Ashe, Lieutenant, 98 _et seq._, 118
Attock, river, 295
Azimoolah (Nana Sahib’s Prime Minister), 88
Bahadur, Jung, 350
Bailey Guard Gate, Lucknow, 162, 163, 185, 202, 204, 234
Balaclava, 317
Bala Rao (the Nana’s general), 138, 141
Banks, Major, 148;
succeeds Sir H. Lawrence at Lucknow, 169;
his death, 181
Banks, Mr., 369
Barnard, Sir Henry, 38, 265, 281, 343;
succeeds to the chief command in India, 273;
gains the Ridge at Delhi, 274;
reinforced by Daly with the Guides, 278;
illness, 282;
his death, 287
Barrackpore revolt, 1
Barrow, 125, 195, 350
Battye, Quentin, 279, 280
Baugh, Lieutenant, 1
Beatson, Stuart, 125, 128
Becher, John, 296
Beebeeghur at Cawnpore, massacre in the, 139 _et seq._;
inscription on the site of the, 147
Begum’s Palace, Lucknow, 357, 358, 360
Belinda, 126
Beloochees, the, 297
Benares, outbreak at, 67;
Neill arrives at, 72;
mutineers punished, 74
Bertrand, Father, 309
Birch, Captain, 173, 184
Bithoor, palace of, 191
⸺ road, 261
Blunt, Major, 219
“Bob the Nailer,” 174
Bourchier, Captain, 260
Bowden, 117
Branston, Major, 230
Brasyer, Lieutenant, 68 _et seq._;
at the storming of Lucknow, 350, 363, 364
Brendish, 52
Brind, Colonel, 304
Buckley, Conductor, 41 _et seq._
Bukr, Abool, 46
Bunnee Bridge, 240
Buntera, 211
Burgess, Corporal, 313
Burn Bastion, at Delhi, 317;
capture of, 329 _et seq._
Barton, Major, 79 _et seq._
Bussarat Gunj, battles at, 188, 191
Butler, Lieutenant, at the assault on Delhi, 318, 319;
at the storming of Lucknow, 356, 357
Cabul, 301
Cabul Gate at Delhi, 316, 322, 330
Calcutta, 72, 86, 124, 191, 238, 260
Calpee Road, Cawnpore, 245, 246, 254, 260
Campbell, Brigadier, 368
Campbell, Colonel, 302 _et seq._
⸺ Sir Colin, 21, 346;
Lucknow and Sir Colin Campbell, 208-236;
receives the chief command in India, 210;
advances to the relief of Lucknow, 214;
in communication with the garrison, 218;
storming the Secundrabagh, 220;
assault of the Shah Nujeef, 229;
capture of the Mess-house, 233;
relieves Lucknow, 234;
meeting with Outram and Havelock, 234;
at Havelock’s funeral, 236;
the retreat to Cawnpore, 240 _et seq._;
defeats Nana Sahib and the Gwalior contingent, 260;
on the recapture of Lucknow, 346, 347;
holds the Alumbagh, 349, 350;
the storming of Lucknow, 352-371;
at Hodson’s funeral, 362
Campbell, Sir George, 48, 78
Canning, Lord, 66, 73, 294;
on Lord Lawrence, 270;
decides to retain Peshawur, 272;
on the recapture of Lucknow, 347, 350
⸺, Lady, 116, 124, 237
Captan Bazaar, 162
Carmichael, Sergeant, 313
Carthew, M., 251
Case, Colonel, 158
⸺, Mrs., 159
Cashmere Gate, Delhi, 36, 265, 278, 281, 307 _et seq._;
the massacre at the, 39;
the Bastion of the, 305, 306
Cavanagh, Paddy, 188
Cave-Browne, the Reverend, 64, 342
Cawnpore, massacre of refugees from Futteghur, 59
⸺ The Siege, 84-110;
Wheeler’s reassuring telegram to Calcutta, 86;
Nana Sahib receives charge of the Treasury, 86;
Wheeler returns reinforcements sent from Lucknow, 88;
bad position chosen for defence, 88;
the outbreak, 90;
mutineers start for Delhi, 91;
recalled by Nana Sahib, 92;
Wheeler’s entrenchments attacked, 93;
the two wells, 95, 105;
hospital barrack takes fire, 103;
Wheeler appeals to Lawrence, 106;
Nana Sahib offers terms of surrender, 108;
capitulation of the garrison arranged, 109;
the Nana’s general organises the massacre, 110
Cawnpore, the Murder Ghaut, 111-147;
official evidence of the massacre, 114;
escape of one of the boats, 116;
survivors confined in the Savada-house, 116;
relief force organised at Calcutta, 123;
Havelock’s advance on Cawnpore and defeat of the Nana, 132 _et
seq._;
massacre of the captives in the Beebeeghur, 143;
memorial to the victims, 147
⸺ Havelock with the Lucknow relief column retires on, 190;
Sir Colin Campbell’s retreat from Lucknow to, 240;
Windham commands at, 243;
engages Tantia Topee, 245;
defeat of the Nana by Sir Colin Campbell at, 260
Chaker Kothi (Yellow House) at Lucknow, 354, 355
Chamberlain, Major Neville, 53, 268;
commands the movable column, 54, 269;
discovers a plot at Peshawur, 55;
on the Ridge at Delhi, 286, 301;
at the storming of Delhi, 327
Chandin Chouk at Delhi, 316
Charbagh Bridge, 196, 198
Cheek, Ensign Arthur, 70
Chinhut, battle of, 153, 156, 176
Chutter Munzil Palace, 202
Clarke, Lieutenant, 32
Clery, Lieutenant, 164
Clyde, Lord, 7, 147
“Cock of the North,” the, 233
Cooney, Private, 173
Cooper, Ensign, 222
Copenhagen, battle of, 349
Corbett, General, 56
Craigie, Lieutenant, 32
Crowe, Conductor, 41 _et seq._
Dalhousie, Lord, 12, 16, 108
Daly, Captain, with the Guides at Delhi, 278, 280, 284
Dawson, Captain, 232
Delafosse, Lieutenant, 99, 117, 119, 121
Delhi, 34-64;
description of, 34;
mutineers arrive from Meerut, 35, 265;
massacre at the Cashmere Gate, 36 _et seq._;
flight of survivors to Meerut, 40;
defence and explosion of the great magazine, 40 _et seq._;
Allahabad mutineers march to, 66
⸺ How the Ridge was held, 7, 9, 263-304;
Sir Henry Barnard gains the Ridge, 265;
arrival of Nicholson with the movable column, 272, 293 _et seq._;
reinforced by Daly with the Guides, 278;
plan to storm the city, 281;
attacks by the Sepoys, 283 _et seq._;
the battering-train arrives and the siege begins, 303
⸺ The leap on the city, 305-330;
examining the breaches, 305;
the great assault, 307 _et seq._;
inside the city, 316;
the fall of Delhi, 329
⸺, retribution, 331-345;
capture of the king’s palace, 332;
the king made prisoner by Hodson, 334;
Hodson shoots the three princes, 338-342
⸺ Bank, 36, 330
⸺ _Gazette_, 36
⸺ King of, 19, 34, 42, 333, 334
Dewan-i-khas, Delhi Palace, 333
Dilkusha Bridge, Lucknow, 351, 352
⸺ Park, Lucknow, 214
Dinapore, 189
Dobbin, Sergeant, 222
Donnelly, Lance-Corporal, 223
Doondoo Punth. See under Nana Sahib
Dost Mohammed, 271
Drelincourt’s “Preparation for Death,” 146
East India Company, 345
Edwardes, Sir Herbert, 10, 52, 53, 55, 268, 294, 296;
opposes the abandonment of Peshawur, 271
Edwards, Sergeant, 41
Elbe, river, 271
Ewart, Colonel (34th Native Infantry), 112
⸺ Mrs., 112
⸺ Colonel (93rd Highlanders), at the storming of the
Secundrabagh, 224 _et seq._
Eyre, Vincent, 192, 195, 350
Farquhar, 50
Fayrer, Sir Joseph, 51;
his brother’s death, 52;
at Lucknow, 154, 159, 174, 178;
at Chinhut, 157;
attends Sir Henry Lawrence, 169
Finnis, Colonel, 26, 46, 49
Fischer, Colonel, 51
Fisher, Mr., 61
⸺ Mrs., 61
Flagstaff Tower at Delhi, 38, 276, 283
Forbes, Archibald, 68, 125, 145, 187, 188, 195, 202, 203, 223
Forbes-Mitchell, 78;
with Sir Colin Campbell’s relief force, 212;
at the storming of the Secundrabagh, 220 _et seq._;
in the assault on the Shah Nujeef, 229 _et seq._;
at the battle of Cawnpore, 240, 257;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 352-362
Forest, Lieutenant, 38, 41, 43
Franks, Brigadier-General, 365, 366
_Friend of India_, 124
Fulton, Captain, garrison engineer at Lucknow, 182;
his journal quoted, 182-184
⸺ Mr., of Melbourne, 182
Futteghur, civilians take flight, 59;
their murder at Cawnpore, 60;
the revolt at, 60
Futtehpore outbreak, 78;
Tucker’s defence, 79, 126;
battle of, 128
Fyzabad, Moulvie of, 370, 371
Gabbett, 298
Ganges, _river_, 65, 75, 85, 114, 120, 125, 185, 192, 239, 240, 253
Germon, Captain, 164
Glandell, 203
Glanville, Lieutenant, 100, 117
Goldie, Colonel, 139
⸺ General, 59
Gonne, 51
Goomtee, _river_, 162, 196, 216, 232, 348 _et seq._
Gordon, 329
Gordon-Alexander, Colonel, 361, 362
Goulburn Gaol, Governor of, 232
Government House, Calcutta, 238
Grant, Sir Hope, at the Secundrabagh, 222;
with Sir Colin Campbell at Cawnpore, 260, 261;
on the Ridge at Delhi, 274, 282, 284;
at the storming of Delhi, 314, 315, 332;
interviews the King of Delhi, 336, 337;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 351, 353, 369
Grant, Sir Patrick, 123
Graves, Brigadier, 38
Graydon, 51
Graydon, Colonel, 321
Greased cartridges, 13, 14
Greathed, W., 255;
at Delhi, 305, 311
Greenaway, 140
Greville, Captain, 292, 319
Gubbins, Judge Frederick, 73
⸺, Mr., Financial Commissioner at Lucknow, 51, 154, 164, 179, 181,
182
Gwalior contingent, 239, 244 _et seq._;
crushed by Sir Colin Campbell, 260
Hamilton, Colonel, 125, 187, 192
Harding, Captain, 164
Hardinge, Lord, 124
Hare, A. J. C., “The Story of Two Noble Lives,” 237
Harrison, _leading seaman_, 230
Harrison, Lieutenant, 118
Harward, Lieutenant, 66
Hastings, 201
Havelock, Sir Henry, 7, 21, 294, 323, 347;
commands Cawnpore relief force, 123;
defeats the Nana’s troops at Futtehpore, 128;
advance on Cawnpore, 132-137;
bravery of his son, 135, 200;
Lucknow and Havelock, 184-208;
marches to the relief of Lucknow, 187;
village of Onao carried, 187;
enemy routed at Bussarat Gunj, 188;
retires to Cawnpore, 190;
the quarrel with General Neill, 190;
asks for reinforcements, 191;
destruction of the Nana’s palace, 191;
second start for Lucknow, 192;
retribution, 193;
the Alumbagh carried, 195;
relieves Lucknow, 205;
meeting with Sir Colin Campbell, 234;
his death and funeral, 236;
reminiscence by Lady Canning, 238
Havelock, H. (the younger), in the advance on Cawnpore, 135, 136;
with the Lucknow relief force, 200, 236;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 365
Hay, Captain, 321
Hazara, 324
Hearsey, General, 5
Hegart, ⸺, 369
Henderson, Ensign, 100
Hewitt, General, 24, 30
Hills, Lieutenant, V.C., 288-290
Hindu Rao’s house, 277 _et seq._
Hodson, W. (of Hodson’s Horse), 22, 282, 292, 345, 349, 363;
at Delhi, 279 _et seq._;
at the storming of Delhi, 314, 315;
captures the King of Delhi, 334-336;
seizes and shoots the three princes, 46, 338-342;
death at the recapture of Lucknow, 360-362
⸺ Dr., 207
Home, Lieutenant, 305, 312
Hope, Adrian, with Sir Colin Campbell at Lucknow, 236;
at the battle of Cawnpore, 255;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 356, 358, 360
Hopkins, Captain, 233
Humayon’s Tomb, 334, 338
Hutchinson, George, 183
Imambarah at Lucknow, 363, 365
Indian Mutiny, outbreak at Barrackpore, 1;
causes of the, 8 _et seq._;
greased cartridges, 13;
chupatties, 17;
conspiracy for simultaneous revolt, 18, 47;
revolt at Meerut, 23
⸺ Delhi, 34-64;
defence and explosion of the great magazine, 40 _et seq._;
how the Ridge was held, 263-304;
the leap on the city, 305-330;
the great assault, 307 _et seq._;
the fall of the city, 329;
retribution, 331-345;
the king a prisoner, 334;
the three princes shot, 328 _et seq._
⸺ estimated number of British troops available and of the Sepoy
army, 48;
officers’ faith in their Sepoys, 50;
the Punjaub saved, 52;
doubtful regiments disarmed, formation of the Movable Column, 54;
Lahore garrison disarmed, 56;
Chamberlain disarms the garrison at Multan, 62;
outbreak at Allahabad, 65, 76;
mutiny at Benares, 73;
Futtehpore, 78;
Kotah, 79
⸺ Cawnpore, the siege, 84-110;
capitulation, 109;
the Murder Ghaut, 111-147;
Havelock’s advance on Cawnpore, 132;
Sir Colin Campbell defeats the Nana at, 260
Indian Mutiny, Lucknow and Sir Henry Lawrence, 148-184;
Chinhut disaster, 156;
the siege begins, 167;
death of Sir Henry Lawrence, 170;
Lucknow and Havelock, 185-208;
Havelock’s march to the relief of, 187 _et seq._;
his entry into, 205;
Lucknow and Sir Colin Campbell, 209-236;
storming of the Secundrabagh, 220;
assault on the Shah Nujeef, 229;
Lucknow relieved, 234;
the Sepoy in the open, 237-262;
the retreat to Cawnpore, 240 _et seq._
⸺ the storming of Lucknow, 345-371;
Outram holds the Alumbagh, 349-350;
death of Hodson, 360-362;
the Kaisarbagh carried, 365-367;
the fall of city, 370
Indus, _river_, 271
Inglis, Colonel, 148, 160, 167, 180, 255
⸺ Lady, 159, 160, 172, 175, 206
Innes, 172, 177
Innes’s house, 162
Jacob, Major, 319
Jakes, Corporal, 200
Jhansi, Ranee of, 8
Jhelum, _river_, 295
Jhind, Chief of, 9
“Jim the Rifleman,” 174
Johannes’ house, 174
Jones, Mr., 176
⸺ Brigadier, 307, 316, 325
⸺ Colonel, 333
Jones-Parry, 228, 235
Jullunder, 48
Jumma Musjid, 316, 324, 330, 367
Jumna, river, 65, 276, 301
Kaisarbagh (King’s Palace) at Lucknow, 191, 234, 348 _et seq._
Kandiel, 173
Kavanagh, T. H., 214 _et seq._
Kaye and Malleson’s “History of the Mutiny,” 8, 14, 16, 119, 222,
233, 255, 261, 313, 321
Kiernan, Sergeant John, 198
King’s Palace, Delhi, 316, 331
Kipling, Rudyard, “The Lost Legion,” 64
Knox, John, 266
Kotah, 79
Kotwallee, Delhi, 342
Kurnal, 273
Khyber Pass, 301
Lahore, 53;
plot discovered, 56;
garrison disarmed, 57
Lahore Gate, Delhi, 281, 307 _et seq._
Lake, Lord, 322
Lamb, 315
Lamont, Serg.-Maj. Alexander, 197
Lang, Lieutenant, 305, 329, 330
Langmore, Lieutenant, 163
Lawrence, Lieutenant, 163
⸺ George, 79, 168
⸺ Sir Henry, 16, 52;
warns Wheeler at Cawnpore not to accept terms of surrender, 106;
Lucknow and Sir Henry Lawrence, 148-184;
character, 151, 264;
provisions the Residency, 152, 263;
mortally wounded, 168;
dying instructions, 169;
death, 170
Lawrence, John (Lord), 10;
on the causes of the Mutiny, 14, 20;
on Christian missions, 18, 53;
the hero of Delhi, 265, 300-301;
characteristics, 266;
Chief Commissioner of the Punjaub, 268;
anticipates the Mutiny and disarms Sepoys, 269;
reinforces the besiegers at Delhi, 303, 304
Lawrence, “Sam,” 177
Lecky, W. E. H., 14
Leeson, Mrs., 82 _et seq._
Lester, General, 51
Lincoln, Abraham, 151
Lind, 73
Lisburn parish church, 323
Lockhart, 303
Longfield, Brigadier, 307
Loughnan, Lieutenant, 163, 234
Lowe, Captain, 164
Lucknow, 7, 9, 125
⸺ and Sir Henry Lawrence, 148-184;
Residency, 148 _et seq._, 349 _et seq._;
Chinhut disaster, 156;
Residency defences, 162;
number of the besieged, 165;
strength of the besiegers, 167;
the siege begins, 167;
standing orders, 172;
sorties, 172;
the great assault of July 20th, 179;
mines and countermines, 181
⸺ and Havelock, 185-208;
the relief force leaves Cawnpore, 187;
Havelock’s second start from Cawnpore, 192;
the Alumbagh carried, 195;
Charbagh bridge captured, 200;
death of Neill, 204;
Havelock’s column reaches the Residency, 205
⸺ and Sir Colin Campbell, 209-236;
Sir Colin Campbell advances to the relief of Lucknow, 214;
in communication with the garrison, 218;
storming the Secundrabagh, 220;
slaughter of Sepoys in the Secundrabagh, 227;
assault on the Shah Nujeef, 229;
capture of the Mess-house, 233;
the garrison relieved, 234;
evacuation of the Residency, 235;
losses of the garrison, 237;
the retreat to Cawnpore, 240;
survivors despatched to Allahabad, 254
Lucknow, the storming of, 345-371;
Outram holds the Alumbagh, 349-350;
death of Hodson, 360-362;
the Kaisarbagh carried, 365-367;
the fall of the city, 370
Ludlow Castle, Delhi, 291
Lugard, 351
M’Bean, Lieutenant, 233, 358
M’Carthy, Justin, “History of our own Times,” 8
M’Crae, 251
M’Donald, Captain, 359
M’Donough, 203
Macdowell, Major, 338 _et seq._
Mackenzie, Colonel, 31, 32
MacKillop, John (captain of the Cawnpore Well), 105, 106
M’Manus, Private, 207, 208
Macnab, Sir Donald, 324
Madras, 71
Mansfield, General, 261
Mardan, 63, 294
Margalla Pass, 324
Martinere at Lucknow, 355
Maude, Captain, at Allahabad, 76;
in the advance on Cawnpore, 125 _et seq._;
with the Lucknow relief column under Havelock, 192 _et seq._;
“Memories of the Mutiny,” 193;
holding the Alumbagh, 350
Meanmeer, 58
Medley, Lieutenant, 305-307
Meecham, 235
Meerut, 7, 47, 287, 325;
the revolt at, 23 _et seq._;
mutineers’ flight to Delhi, 28
Melbourne, 232
Mess-house at Lucknow, 233, 349 _et seq._
Metcalfe, Sir T., 80
Metcalfe House, Delhi, 291
Mirza Aboo Bukir, 338
⸺ Khejoo Sultan, 338
⸺ Mogul, 338
Mogul, Palace of the, 331
Montgomery, 58
Moore, Captain, at the siege of Cawnpore, 97 _et seq._;
organises a sally, 103;
confers with the Nana’s representatives, 108;
death, 117
Moore, Mr., 248
Mootee Munzil, 232
Moradabad, 48
Moree Gate, Delhi, 316
Mullahpore, 51
Multan, 61, 62
Mungul Pandy, 1 _et seq._
Mungulwagh, village, 193
Murphy, Private, 117, 121
Murray, Serg.-Major, 223
Musabagh, at Lucknow, 368
Mutchee Bhawan at Lucknow, 160, 161
Nadiree Regiment, 122
Nana Sahib (Sureek Dhoondoo Punth) of Bithoor, 8;
murder of refugees from Futteghur, 60;
receives charge of the Cawnpore Treasury, 86;
his ambition, 92;
persuades mutineers to return to Cawnpore, 92;
attacks Wheeler’s entrenchments, 93;
offers him terms for surrender, 108;
organises the Cawnpore massacre, 110;
the massacre, 114 _et seq._;
defeated by Havelock at Futtehpore, 128;
routed at the battle of Cawnpore, 134;
orders the murder of the captives in the Beebeeghur, 139;
a fugitive, 147;
his palace at Bithoor destroyed by Havelock, 191;
with the Gwalior contingent, 244;
fight with Windham, 245;
defeated by Sir Colin Campbell, 261
Napier of Magdala, Lord, 276;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 351, 360, 365
Naples, 332
Napoleon Buonaparte, 271
Neill, General, 363;
at Allahabad with his “Lambs,” 70;
lands at Calcutta and advances to Benares, 72;
punishes the mutineers, 74;
advances to Allahabad, 75;
retribution, 77;
vengeance at Cawnpore, 146;
holding Cawnpore, 185;
the quarrel with Havelock, 190;
on the march to Lucknow, 192 _et seq._;
death at the Kaisarbagh, 191, 204
Nelson, Lord, 349
Nepaulese contingent, 350
Nicholas, Czar, 293
Nicholson, John, 53-55, 265, 268, 269, 349, 363;
commands the Movable Column, 55;
overtakes the 55th Native Infantry, 63;
at Delhi, 293;
character, 294;
disperses the Sepoys at Mardan, 294;
overtakes the mutineers at the Fords of Ravi, 295;
worship of “Nikkul-Seyn” by the natives, 296, 324;
defeats the Delhi army at Nutjutghur, 298;
reminiscence of, 301-302;
leading the stormers at Delhi, 310, 325;
mortally wounded, 321, 322;
death, 323
Nicholson, 354
Nikkul-Seynees, sect of, 296, 324
Norman, 301
⸺, Captain, 234
North Curtain at Lucknow, 163
Nutjutghur, battle of, 297
Olpherts, W., at Benares, 73;
in Havelock’s advance on Lucknow, 191, 192;
at the capture of the Alumbagh, “Hell-fire Jack,” 195;
holding the Alumbagh, 350
Onao, village, 187
Outram, Sir James, 125, 185, 323;
joins Havelock’s column, 191;
wounded, 197;
enters Lucknow, 205;
in communication with Sir Colin Campbell, 214;
meeting with Sir Colin Campbell, 233;
at Havelock’s funeral, 236;
holds the Alumbagh, 349-350;
at the storming of Lucknow, 351 _et seq._
Ovenden, 311
Palmer, Colonel, 160, 163
Pando, _river_, 245
Pandoo Nuddee, _rivulet_, 130, 138, 143
Panmure, Lord, 210
Paris, 353
Paton, Sergeant John, 231
Pattalia, Chief of, 9
Paul, Sergeant, 364
Pearl Palace at Lucknow, 234
Peel, William, 211;
at the storming of the Shah Nujeef, 229 _et seq._;
at Havelock’s funeral, 236;
in the retreat to Cawnpore, 253;
at the battle of Cawnpore, 257;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 353, 355
Peshawur council of war, 53;
garrison disarmed, 55;
Lord Canning’s decision to hold, 271-272
Phillips, Ensign, 311
Ponsonby, Brigadier, 73 _et seq._
Poonah, Peishwa of, 91
Punjaub, 268 _et seq._, 297
Quixote, Don, 151
Raikes, 156, 296
Rajpootana, 48
Rampart Road, Delhi, 316
Raneegange, 72
Ravi, fords of, 295
Raynor, Lieutenant, 41
Redan at Lucknow, 163
Reed, General, 271, 283, 287, 300
Reegan, Private, 292
Rees, 176, 177
Reid, Major, on the Ridge at Delhi, 278-283;
in the great assault on Delhi, 307, 317;
wounded, 314
Renaud, Major, 125, 128, 130
Reveley, 39
Rhine, river, 271
Ridge at Delhi, 7, 9, 263-304
Ripley, Colonel, 37
Roberts, Earl, on the outbreak at Meerut, 33;
at the council of war in Peshawur, 53;
disarming the Sepoys, 56;
at the storming of the Secundrabagh, 223 _et seq._;
with Sir Colin Campbell’s relief force at Lucknow, 234;
the retreat to Cawnpore, 252;
on the Ridge at Delhi, 274-292;
reminiscences of Nicholson, 294, 301-302, 322-23;
in the great assault on Delhi, 308-327;
in Delhi, the capture of the Lahore Gate, 329-30;
at the taking of the King’s Palace, 332;
on the shooting of the princes, 341;
in the recapture of Lucknow, 351, 368
Roberts, Major, 61
Rohilcund, 48, 346
Rose, Sir Hugh, 346
Ross, drummer-boy, 233
Rule, 362
Russell (of the _Times_), 243, 352, 353, 365
Russell, 69
Ryan, Private, 208
Sabzi Mandi, Delhi, 330
Sago’s house, Lucknow, 164
Salkeld, Lieutenant, 312, 313
Saunders, Captain, 164
Savada-house, Cawnpore, 116, 122
Scott, Major, 279, 303
Scully, Conductor, 41 _et seq._
Sealkote, 295
Seaton, Colonel, 285
Secundrabagh, Lucknow, 214, 352, 362;
storming of the, 220 _et seq._;
slaughter of Sepoys in the, 226 _et seq._
Seetapore, 51
Selingarh Fort, Delhi, 331
Seppings, Captain, 122
Sewell, Lieutenant, 174
Shah Jehanpore, 51
Shah Nujeef, mosque, Lucknow, 214, 362;
the assault on the, 229 _et seq._
Shaw, Conductor, 41 _et seq._
Silver Bazaar, Delhi, 316, 330, 336
Simpson, Colonel, 65 _et seq._
Singh, Golab, 9
Singh, Rajah Maun, 12
Skinner, James, 315
Smith, 39, 313
⸺ Colonel, 59
⸺ Colonel Baird, takes charge of the engineering operations at
Delhi, 287, 301;
insists on the necessity of holding Delhi after the assault, 327
⸺ Major Percy, 354
Speke, 319
Spottiswoode, Colonel, 63
Spurgin, Captain, 75
Steel, Mrs., 294
Stephenson, 130
Stewart, Sergeant, 41 _et seq._
Stirling, 101
⸺ Major, 125, 134, 251
“Story of Two Noble Lives,” the, 287
Sullivan, Private, 121
Sutlej Campaign, 68
Swat, hills of, 294
Tantia Topee (the Nana’s general), 16, 371;
organises the Cawnpore massacre, 110;
controls its execution, 113;
narrow escape at the battle of Futtehpore, 128;
commands the Gwalior contingent, 239;
attacks Windham at Cawnpore, 244;
defeated by Sir Colin Campbell, 260
Teeka Sing, 138
Temple, Sir Richard, 9, 18;
interviews with the King of Delhi, 337
Terai, 51
Thomason, 51
Thomson, Mowbray, in the siege of Cawnpore, 100 _et seq._;
escapes the Cawnpore massacre, 117;
wounded, 118;
reaches British lines, 121
Thornhill, 51, 139
Times, the, 352
Timour, the House of, 335, 342
Tombs, Major, 283, 284, 289
Travers, Major, 220
Trevelyan, Sir George, 5, 12;
his “Cawnpore,” 7, 84 _et seq._
Trotter, Captain, “Life of John Nicholson,” 294, 295, 321
Tucker, Commissioner, 73
⸺ Robert, 78
Tulloch, 183
Turner, Captain, 118
Tyekhana at Lucknow, 178
Tytler, Fraser, assistant quarter-master-general to Havelock in the
advance on Cawnpore, 125;
with the Lucknow relief force, 189, 200;
at Havelock’s funeral, 236
Tytler, 277
⸺ Stanley Delhi Force, 277
Umballa, 44, 48, 53;
the base for Delhi, 270, 303;
council of war at, 273
Vibart, Colonel, interviews the King of Delhi, 19;
“The Sepoy Mutiny,” 37;
in the massacre at the Cashmere Gate, Delhi, 37-40
Vibart, Major, holds the Redan at Cawnpore, 98;
escapes to the boats, 112, 116;
death, 119
Wale, 350
Walpole, R., with Windham at Cawnpore, 251;
at the battle of Cawnpore, 255;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 351
Water Bastion at Delhi, 307, 311
Webster, 200
Wemyss, 319
Weston, Captain, 163
Wheeler, General Sir Hugh, his reassuring telegram to Calcutta as to
the safety of Cawnpore, 86;
hands over the Treasury to the custody of Nana Sahib, 86;
returns reinforcements to Lucknow, 88;
bad choice of position for defence of Cawnpore, 88-89, 263;
the siege, 90-110;
Sepoys attack his entrenchments, 93;
death of his son, 105;
appeals to Lawrence for help, 106;
the Nana offers him terms for surrender, 108;
capitulation of the garrison arranged, 109;
evacuates his entrenchments, 111;
his death in the massacre, 114
Whiting, Captain, 109, 118
Widdowson, Bridget, 102
Wilberforce, R. G., “Unrecorded Chapter of the Indian Mutiny,” 80-82,
326-27
Wilde, 331
Willoughby, Lieutenant, defends and blows up the great magazine at
Delhi, 38, 41 _et seq._, 265, 328
Wilson, Captain, 149
⸺ Colonel, with Sir Henry Lawrence at Lucknow, 150, 153, 167, 168
⸺ General, 251
⸺ General Archdale, 7;
at Meerut, 30;
assumes command on the Ridge at Delhi, 287;
contemplates abandoning the siege of Delhi, 300-302;
reinforcements arrive, 302-303;
the great assault and capture of Delhi, 305-330;
hesitates whether to hold the city or not, 325-27;
spares the King’s life, 334;
at the recapture of Lucknow, 351
Windham, General, holds Cawnpore, 239 _et seq._;
engages Tantia Topee and the Gwalior contingent, 244 _et seq._
Wolseley, Lord, at the storming of the Shah Nujeef, 230
Wood, 359
⸺ Sir Evelyn, 211
Wynne, 364
Younghusband, 296
Yule, Colonel, 284
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Duffield, Derby, in conjunction with Mr. C. BARROW KEENE, of Derby,
Medallists of the Royal Photographic Society.
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CONTENTS OF THE VOLUMES:
1. JANE EYRE. By CHARLOTTE BRONTË. With a Photogravure
Portrait of Charlotte Brontë, from a Drawing by G. RICHMOND, a
Photogravure of Rochester and Jane Eyre, from a Water-colour
Drawing by FREDERICK WALKER, A.R.A.; a Facsimile of the
Title-page of the first edition, and 8 Full-page Illustrations.
2. SHIRLEY. By CHARLOTTE BRONTË. With a Facsimile of the
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3. VILLETTE. By CHARLOTTE BRONTË. With a Photogravure Portrait
of M. Heger, Facsimiles of Title-page of the original
edition and of a page of the original MS., and 8 Full-page
Illustrations.
4. THE PROFESSOR, by CHARLOTTE BRONTË, and POEMS, by CHARLOTTE,
EMILY, and ANNE BRONTË, and the Rev. PATRICK BRONTË, &c. With
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Rev. A. B. Nicholls, a Portrait of the Rev. Patrick Brontë, 11
New Illustrations, Facsimiles of a Letter by Charlotte Brontë,
and of a page from Charlotte Brontë’s MS. of “The Secret,” &c.
&c.
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DICTIONARY of NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY AND SUPPLEMENT.
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