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FOOTNOTE:
[1687] This memoir, which was sent me by its learned author, is
stated as part of the first volume of his _Histoire Naturelle_.--K.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
PLATE XXI.[1688]
FIG.
1. Part of the interior of _Cossus ligniperda_. (Lyonet.) _a_,
_b_. The spinal chord and its ganglions. _d._ The nerves. _e._
The bronchiæ connected with the trachea.
2. One of the labial palpi of ditto. (Ibid.)
3. Another view of the interior of ditto. (Ibid.) _a._ Trachea.
_b._ Bronchiæ. c. Œsophagus. d. Ventricle or stomach. _e._ The
lower intestines, f f. The bile vessels. g. _Sericterium_, or
silk reservoir. h. _Sialisterium_, or saliva vessel.
4. Part of one of the tracheæ of ditto, to show its coats and
spiral thread. (Ibid.) VOL. IV. p. 63.
5. A portion of the interior of ditto, to show the _epiploon_, or
fat. (Ibid.) _a a._ Epiploon. VOL. IV. p. 150.
6. Leg of ditto laid open. (Ibid.) a a _a_. Semipenniform muscles
of ditto. _b._ Their lower point of insertion in the claw. _c._
Muscles of the coxa. VOL. IV. p. 185.
7. Nervous system of the grub of _Oryctes nasicornis_. (Swamm.)
_a._ The first ganglion or brain. _c._ The remaining ganglions,
forming a thick spinal chord. _d._ The nerves issuing from them.
8. ------------- of the louse. (Ibid.) _a._ The brain. _c c c._
The ganglions. _d._ Nerves.
9. The spinneret, or organ that renders the silk of the _Cossus_.
(Lyonet.) VOL. III. p. 124. #/
PLATE XXII.[1689]
FIG.
1. Male genital organ of a _Bombus_. _a._ The male organ. _b._ The
prehensor. VOL. IV. p. 576, 580.
2. Female ditto of the louse. (Swamm.) _a._ The oviduct with
an egg passing through it. _b c._ The ovaries. _d._ The
_colleterium_, or varnish secretor. _e._ The lower extremity of
the oviduct.
3, 4. Larvæ as arranged in the body of two species of viviparous
flies. (Reaum.) VOL. I. p. 257; IV. p. 170.
5. Interior of postpectus. _Dynastes._ a. Parapleura. b b b.
Points of the postfurca. c. Its stalk.
6. The medifurca of ditto, a. Base. b. Apex.
7. Antefurca of ditto, a. Base.
8. Mesothorax. _Calandra._
9. Mesophragm and appendage. _Dynastes._ a a. Pieces adjacent. b.
Septula. c. The notch for the transmission of the intestines.
10. Part of metaphragm, ditto, a. A kind of cupule affording
a point of attachment to muscles. d. A deep notch for the
intestines.
11. Interior of the upper side of alitrunk of ditto. a. The cavity
of the chest between the prophragm and mesophragm. b. Ditto
between the mesophragm and metaphragm. c. Cupules that afford
a point of attachment to some of the wing-muscles. d. Notch of
the metaphragm.
12. Portion of the alitrunk of _Melolontha vulgaris_. c. Cupule
attached to the axis of the wings.
13. Part of the postpectus of _Dytiscus marginalis_, to show the
operculum. VOL. III. p. 578.
14. Part of the metathorax of _Melolontha vulgaris_, to show the
metapnystega. Ibid. 572.
15. The pseudocardia, or dorsal vessel of _Stratyomis Chamæleon_.
(Swamm.)
16. _a._-_w._ Specimens of scales from the wings of various
Lepidoptera. (Reaum., De Geer.) VOL. III. p. 644--.
PLATE XXIII.
FIG.
1. One of the prolegs of a caterpillar. _Cossus._ (Lyonet.) _a._
Its coronet of spines. VOL. III. p. 134.
2. One of the spiracles of ditto. (Ibid.) VOL. IV. p. 37--.
3. Three of the hexagonal lenses of a bee's eye, with their
prisms. (Swamm.) VOL. III. p. 496.
4. Trunk of a flea with the head removed, showing that all the
legs are attached to the former. Ibid. p. 656.
5. Alitrunk of _Dytiscus marginalis_, exhibiting the wings as they
are folded when unemployed.
6. Part of ditto, with the scutellum and apex of an elytrum, to
show the alula. VOL. II. p. 343; III. 557.
7. Anterior and posterior prolegs of _Tanypus maculatus_. (De
Geer.) _a._ Posterior proleg. _b._ Anterior ditto. VOL. II. p.
275; IV. p. 363.
8. Posterior extremity of a pupa, to show the _cremastræ_, or
hooks by which it is suspended. _a._ Hooks. VOL. III. p. 209,
255; IV. p. 363.
9. Another specimen, in which the hooks are more numerous. _a._
Hooks.
10. _Pulex penetrans_, or the Chigoe. VOL. I. p. 49, 102.
11. Mandible of the larva of _Myrmeleon Formicaleo_. (Reaum.) VOL.
III. p. 121.
12. Anal spinneret of ditto. (Ibid.)
13. Branching palpus, or feeler of _Trombidium holosericeum_.
14. Part of the tarsus of a spider, to show the simple and
pectinated claws. (De Geer.) VOL. III. p. 690.
15. A pair of spinners of a spider. (Leeuwenh.) VOL. III. p. 392.
16. A _mammula_ or teat of ditto. VOL. III. p. 391.
17. Anus of ditto.
18. Stilt-legs of a dipterous larva. (De Geer.) #/
PLATE XXIV.
FIG.
1. The bag-net. VOL. IV. p. 529.
2. The landing-net. Ibid. p. 534.
3. Mr. Paul's net. Ibid. p. 530.
4. The fly-net. Ibid. p. 531.
5. The forceps. Ibid. p. 533.
6. The breeding-cage. Ibid. p. 553.
7. Apparatus for effectually killing large moths, &c. _a._ The
upper piece of the tube. _b._ The lower. _c._ The saucepan.
Ibid. p. 543.
8. A beetle transfixed by a pin. Ibid. p. 544.
9. A butterfly, ditto, with the wings set out by card braces.
Ibid. p. 546.
10. A scale of two inches, with one subdivided into lines, twelve
to the inch.
PLATE XXV.[1690]
FIG.
1. Antenna with a lamellate knob.
2. Ditto Ditto
3. Antenna with a pectinate knob.
4. ------- cirrate.
5. ------- with a tunicate knob. Inside view.
6. ----------------------------- Outside view.
7. ------- clavate, with clava solid.
8. --------------------------- serrate.
9. ------- with an inflated knob.
10. ------ gradually incrassate.
11. ------ biflabellate.
12. ------ with a patellate scape. _a._ Scape.
13. ------ with a solid knob.
14. ------ clavate, with last joint elongated.
15. ------ broken.
16. ------ unguiculate. _a._ Claw.
17. ------ scopiferous. _a._ Stellated brush.
18. ------ suddenly incrassate, and biserrate.
19. ------ capillaceous, and suddenly incrassate. (Stöll.)
20. ------ bipartite.
21. ------ clavate, with clava subramose.
22. ------ bipectinate.
23. ------ broken.
24. ------ suddenly incrassate.
25. ------ pectinate. ♂.
26. ------ serrate. ♀.
27. ------ filiform, and submoniliform.
28. ------ auriculate. _a._ Auricle.
29. ------ appendiculate. _a._ Antenna. _b._ Appendicles.
30. ------ capitate, with a multiarticulate knob.
31. ------ spiral.
32. ------ fasciculate.
33. ------ capitate, with a transverse solid knob.
34. ------ capillaceous, or suddenly attenuated. (Latr.)
35. ------ embracing the eye. VOL. III. p. 523.
PLATE XXVI.[1691]
FIG.
1. Feeler, maxillary, lamellate and appendiculate. _a._
Appendicle. _b._ Last joint lamellated. _c._ Second joint. VOL.
III. p. 449, note^d. _Atractocerus._
2. ----------------- heteromorphous. _Cerocoma._
3. ----------------- fasciculate. _Lymexylon._
4. ----------------- incrassate.
5. ----------------- clavate.
6. ----------------- conical.
7. ----------------- subulate.
8. ----------------- fusiform.
9. Maxilla compound, with the lobes spinous.
10. ------------------------------- unarmed.
11. ---------------- with the upper lobe biarticulate. VOL. III. p.
442.
12. ---------------- with the lobes penicillate.
13. ------ simple, mandibuliform, lobe unarmed. (MacLeay.)
14. ------------- lobe penicillate. (Ibid.)
15. ------------------ toothed. (Ibid.)
16. Mandibula. _Cyphus Hancocki._
17. ---------- _Rhipicera marginata._
18. ---------- _Eurhynchus lævior._
19. ---------- _Manticora Gigas._
20. ---------- _Euchlora viridis._
21. ---------- _Macraspis tetradactyla._
22. ---------- _Apogonia gemellata._
23. Labium, &c. of _Stenus_.
24. -------------- _Stomis_. (Clairv.) _a._ Lateral lobes of
tongue. _b._ Intermediate lobe.
25. -------------- _Geotrupes_. External view.
26. -------------------------------- Internal view.
27. -------------- _Hister maximus_. (MacLeay.)
28. -------------- _Leistits_. (Clairv.)
29. -------------- _Lepidiota Stigma_ K.MS.
30. Labrum whiskered. _Halictus._ _a._ Appendicle.
31. ----------------- _Megachile._
32. ----------------- _Pelecium._
33. ----------------- _Chasmodia viridis_ M^cL.
34. Labrum, &c. of _Genuchus_.
35. -------------- _Cremastochilus_. VOL. III. p. 422.
36. Lateral view of the head of _Tetraopes_, to show the eye wholly
divided by the canthus.
37. Part of the trunk of a spider, to show the position of its
simple eyes.
38. Eyes compound, columnar. _Xenos._
39. ------------------------ _Ephemera._
40. Eyes compound and stemmata of _Reduvius personatus_.
41. ----------------------------- _Fulgora laternaria_. Stemmata
subocular.
42. Eyes compound and stemmata of _Cercopis_. Stemmata intraocular.
43. Eyes simple, dorsal. _Phalangium._
44, 45. Claw-joint of tarsus of _Lamia_, to show the arthrium.
46. --------------------------- _Vespa Crabro_.
47. Tarsus of _Entimus imperialis_. a. The rotula or ball received
by the socket of the tibia.
48. The penultimate bilobed joint of ditto, with the arthrium
separated from the claw-joint.
49. Part of the claw-joint so separated. a. Muscles which enter the
arthrium.
PLATE XXVII.[1692]
FIG.
1. Head of _Cordylia Palmarum_. _a a._ Muscles fixed in the
_myoglyphides_ or muscle-notches.
2. ------- _Apoderus Coryli_.
3. ------- _Buprestis acuminata_.
4. ------- _Copris_. _a._ Muscles.
5. ------- _Elater_. _a a._ Corneous scales analogous to pax-wax,
attached to the depressor muscles, like those of _Geotrupes_.
VOL. IV. p. 183.
6. ------- tibia. _Cordylia Palmarum._
7. End of thigh, ditto, next the tibia.
8. ----------------- _Dynastes_. VOL. III. p. 671. note^a.
9. Head of tibia of ditto.
10. ---------------- _Copris bucephalus_. VOL. III. p. 670.
11. End of thigh, ditto, next the tibia.
12. Middle coxa. _Melolontha vulgaris._ a. The open part which
receives the muscles.
13. Posterior ditto, ditto. _a._ The open part.
14. Head of posterior thigh of ditto.
15. End of ditto next the tibia. _Gryllus._
16. Head of tibia of ditto. VOL. III. p. 669--.
17. Lateral view of ditto.
18. ------------ of the head of the coxa of _Lamia_. a. The point
of attachment with the body, or the orifice through which the
muscles pass.
19. Back view of ditto.
20. Posterior trochanter of _Ichneumon_, biarticulate. VOL. III. p.
665.
21. Tibia of _Arachnida_, to show the epicnemis.
22. Multiarticulate spiral antenniform tarsus of _Cermatia_.
23. Armed thigh. _Scaurus._
24. ----- tibia. _Hispa spinipes._
25. Auriculate posterior tarsus. _Dasytes ater._
26. Armed anterior ditto. ditto.
27. ----- anterior coxa. _Megachile Willughbiella._
28. ----- trochanter. _Necrophorus._
29. Calcar or spur, thumb-shaped. Anterior tibia of _Acherontia
Atropos_.
30. Calcar of posterior tibia. _Œnas afer._
31. --------- anterior ditto. _Zabrus gibbus._
32. --------- intermediate ditto. _Acanthopus splendidus._
33. --------- posterior ditto. _Ammophila vulgaris._
34. --------------------------- _Acanthopus splendidus._
35. --------- intermediate tibia. _Cimbex Vitellinæ._
36. Calcar and velum of anterior ditto. _Apis mellifica._ a. The
notch in the first tarsal joint.
37. Claws of _Anomala Frischii_.
38. -------- _Macraspis quadrivittata_.
39. -------- _Serica brunnea_.
40. -------- _Melolontha vulgaris_.
41. Posterior tarsus. _Gryllus monstrosus._
42. Part of tarsus of _Scolopendra_.
43. ----------------- _Lebia_, to show pectinated claws.
44. ----------------- _Phanæus_.
45. Part of tibia of _Onitis Apelles_ ♂, to show its very minute
tarsus. VOL. III. p. 336.
46. Double claws of _Oxypterum_.
47. Claws. _Anoplognathus._
48. ------ _Hoplia._ Anterior tarsus.
49. ------ _Macrodactylus subspinosus._
50. Pecten of _Scorpio europæus_.
51. Claw of _Hoplia_, posterior tarsus.
52. ------- _Meloe variegatus_.
53. Pulvilli and claws of the _Asilidæ_.
54. --------------------- _Tabanus_.
55. --------------------- Hive-bee.
56. Pulvilli and pseudonychia. _Lucanus Cervus._
57. -------------------------- _Marmarina Lanius._
58. Segment of the body of _Iulus_. Showing that two pairs of legs
are attached to each segment[1693].
59. Tarsus of _Priocera_, with involute pulvilli.
60. --------- _Nirmus Anseris_.
61. --------- _Xenos Peckii_.
62. --------- _Melittophagus_ K. VOL. I. p. 163. IV. p. 232.
63. --------- _Ixodes Ricinus_. (De Geer.)
PLATE XXVIII.
FIG.
1. Inside of elytrum of _Dytiscus marginalis_.
2. -------------------- _Strategus Aloeus_. Part of hypoderma
peeled off.
3. Part of ditto of _Buprestis vittata_, to show the axis.
4. ---------------- _Passalus_.
5. ---------------- _Dynastes_.
6. ---------------- _Elater sulcatus_, to show the epipleura.
7. ---------------- _Blaps lethifera_, ditto.
8. ---------------- _Dynastes quadrispinosus_, ditto.
9. Alitrunk and part of tegmina and wings of _Locusta_. a. Space
marked by the transverse nervure in which all the nervures of
the anal area terminate. VOL. III. p. 618.
10. Alitrunk and part of elytra and wings of _Phyllopertha
horticola_.
11. Alitrunk and part of tegmina and wings of _Fulgora laternaria_.
Postfrænum funiculate, with an elastic part marked a. VOL. III.
p. 558.
12. -------------------- hemelytra and wings of _Pentatoma_.
13. -------------------- wings of _Panorpa_.
14. ----------------------------- _Trichoptera_.
15. ----------------------------- _Lepidoptera_. _Geometra._
16. ----------------------------- _Lepidoptera_.
17. ----------------------------- _Diptera_.
18. Wing of _Chermes Fraxini_.
19. Tegmen of _Locusta_.
20. --------- _Issus_.
21. Wing. _Cercopis sanguinolenta._
22. ----- _Locusta._
23. Hemelytrum of _Reduvius_?
PLATE XXIX.[1694]
FIG.
1. Gills of a spider. (Treviran.)
2. ---------- _Scorpio europæus_. (Ibid).
3. Aëriducts of larva of _Ephemera fusco grisea_. (De Geer.) VOL.
IV. p. 58.
4. --------------------------------- _vespertina_. (Ibid.) Ibid.
5. --------------------------------- _vulgata_. (Ibid.) Ibid.
6. --------------------- _Sialis lutaria_. (Ibid.) Ibid.
7. Thread-like ditto of the upper and under side of the larvæ of
_Trichoptera_. (Ibid.) Ibid. p. 56.
8. Part of the body of the larva of a _Libellula_, laid open to
show the tracheæ. (Reaum.) _a. a. a._ Tracheæ. VOL. IV. p. 66.
9. Part of the imago of ditto. (Ibid.) _a._ Vesicles that
terminate the tracheæ. _b._ Oblong ditto. VOL. IV. p. 68.
10. Pupa of _Corethra culiciformis_. (De Geer.) _a. b._ Vesicles
connected with the tracheæ. _c._ Tail. VOL. IV. p. 67.
11. Part of the head of _Armadillo zonatus_. _a._ Pseudo-spiracle.
VOL. III. p. 493.
12. Part of the trunk of _Goerius olens_, to show its antepectoral
spiracle. VOL. IV. p. 43.
13. Part of the abdomen of _Pneumora_. _a._ The series of ridges,
by striking the hind leg over which they probably produce their
noise. VOL. II. p. 391; III. p. 339.
14. Underside of part of the alitrunk of _Lygæus sexmaculatus_
K. _MS._ b. Branchiform apparatus between the scapula and
parapleura. VOL. IV. p. 45.
15. ------------------------------------ _Pentatoma rufipes_. a.
Corrugated membrane. b. Apparent fringe of hairs or bristles.
Ibid.
16. Spiracle of larva of _Oryctes nasicornis_. (Sprengel.)
17. -------------------- _Dytiscus marginalis_. (Ibid.)
18. Part of the trachea and bronchiæ of the pupa of _Smerinthus
Populi_. (Ibid.)
19. Spiracle of the imago of _Oryctes nasicornis_. _a._ The boss.
(Ibid.)
20. Dorsal spiracle of _Cermatia_.
21. Pencil of hairs attached to a supposed respiratory plate in
certain _Noctuidæ_. VOL. IV. p. 60.
22. Part of the back of the abdomen of the pupa of a _Pentatoma_.
_a._ Pseudo-spiracle. _b._ Connecting corrugations. VOL. III.
p. 713.
23. Unilabiate spiracle of _Gonyleptes_.
24. Portion of ventral segments of abdomen of _Aradus laminatus_ K.
_a._ Tobaccopipe-shaped organ near the ventral spiracles. VOL.
III. p. 713.
25. Part of the back of the alitrunk of _Belostoma grandis_, to
show the metapnystega? or rather spiracle. VOL. III. p. 572;
IV. p. 45.
26. Pseudo-spiracle of _Carkinodes cancriformis_. VOL. III. p. 714.
27. Part of the ventral segments of the abdomen of _Lygæus
compressipes_. _a._ Pseudo-spiracles.
28. Portion of dorsal segments of _Dytiscus marginalis_, to show
the large anal spiracles. VOL. IV. p. 42.
29. Plumiform gills in the mouth of the spiracles of the larva of
_Cossus ligniperda_. (Sprengel.)
PLATE XXX.
FIG.
1. Brain, spinal chord and ganglions of a full-grown caterpillar
of _Pontia Brassicæ_. _a._ The brain. _b._ The double spinal
chord. _c d._ Ganglions with a portion of their nerves.
2. Brain, spinal chord and ganglions, after _two_ days, when the
chord is shortened.
3. ---------------------------------- when the animal is become a
pupa.
4. ---------------------------------- when it has been a pupa
_six_ days.
5. ---------------------------------- just before it assumes the
imago.
6. ---------------------------------- when it has become a
butterfly. VOL. IV. p. 24--.
7. Intestinal canal of the caterpillar. _a._ Saliva vessel. _b._
Silk reservoir. _c._ Gullet or _œsophagus_. _d._ Stomach. _e e
e._ Bile vessels. _f._ Large intestine. _g._ Rectum.
8. ------------------------------------ after it has assumed the
pupa _two_ days.
9. ------------------------------------ after _eight_ days. _a._
Crop or honey-stomach, first showing by the dilatation of the
base of the œsophagus.
10. ----------------------------------- _a._ Honey-stomach become a
lateral appendage of the œsophagus _b._
11. ------------- of the butterfly. _a._ Honey-stomach. _b._
Œsophagus. _c._ Small intestine become very long. _d._ Rectum.
VOL. IV. p. 118.
12. Anal portion of the interior of the female butterfly. _a._
Ovaries. _b._ Oviduct. _c._ _Colleterium_ or varnish secretor.
_d._ _Spermatheca_ or sperm receptacle. _e._ Part of the spinal
chord. _f._ Rectum. _g._ A secretory organ filled with a thick
white fluid, which is supposed to lubricate the passage. VOL.
IV. p. 132, 152. #/
[Illustration: _Plate XXI._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXII._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXIII._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXIV._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXV._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXVI._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXVII._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXVIII._ ]
[Illustration: _Plate XXIX._]
[Illustration: _Plate XXX._]
FOOTNOTES:
[1688] VOL. IV. LETTERS XXXVII and XL.
[1689] VOL. IV. LETTER XLII.; III. p. 580--.
[1690] VOL. IV. p. 324--.
[1691] VOL. IV. p. 317-324. VOL. III. p. 415-455, 490, viii. 680. e.
[1692] VOL. III. 526, 661--.
[1693] N.B. The transverse lines in the figure are merely impressed,
and do not represent a segment.
[1694] VOL. IV. LETTER XXXVIII.
ANATOMICAL INDEX[1695].
VOL. III. p. 353--.
Abdomen, 386, 697; iv. 359.
Acetabulum, 383, 428.
Aculeus, 390; iv. 162.
Adminicula, 254; ii. 297; iv. 363.
Aëriductus, iv. 50, 362.
Alæ, 616; iv. 344.
Alitruncus, 370, 545; iv. 339.
Allux, 385.
Alula, 372, 380, 623; ii. 354.
Amphiarthrosis, 403.
Antefurca, 368, 584.
Antennæ, 365, 508; iv. 324.
Antepectus, 367, 541; iv. 337.
Antlia, 361, 468.
Anus, 389.
Apophysis, 428.
Appendices, 390.
Appendicula, 354.
Areæ, 373, 595, 605, 612, 621.
Areolæ, 374, 623, 630; iv. 350.
Arthrium, 385, 683.
Articulatio, 407, 594, 604, 612, 617, 654, 663, 669, 680, 698.
Axis, 371, 373, 594, 605, 612, 617.
Basis, 360.