Hamilton, Alexander, chief writer in _The Federalist_, i. 360, 365,
366, 369-381, 427; ii. 105.
Hand power, in Roman marriage law, ii. 387-391.
Hannen, Lord, ii. 465.
Harrison, Frederic, on Austin, ii. 111.
Harvard University, ii. 230.
Hastings, Warren, i. 29, 77, 459.
Hatts, promulgated by the Sultan, ii. 253.
Hawaiian Islands, i. 2, 292, 417.
Hegel, ii. 108, 177.
Henry II, influence on English law, ii. 358-360.
Heraclitus, ii. 124.
Herodotus, ii. 120.
High Court: in India, i. 46;
in Australia, i. 508-512.
Hindu Law, administered in India, i. 113-119.
Hindustani language, i. 72.
Historical school of jurisprudence, ii. 184-186.
Hobbes, criticized, ii. 85-88, 106, 162.
Holland, constitution of, i. 210, 214;
divorce in, ii. 450, 451.
Holland, Dr., ii. 173.
Holmes, Chief Justice, ii. 192, 264.
Home Rule, for Ireland, i. 207.
Homer, i. 160, 318; ii. 47, 124, 212, 521.
Homicide, penalty for, in Iceland, i. 321, 344.
Horace, i. 66;
quoted, ii. 350.
House of Representatives, the: its position in the United States, i.
368, 371, 375, 377, 401, 421;
in the Australian Commonwealth, i. 504-507, 514-521, 537.
Hungary, constitution of, i. 155.
Husband and wife, identity of, in English law, ii. 424, 425.
_See also_ Marriage.
Hustings, i. 316.
Iceland, i. 312-358;
discovery and settlement, 312-316;
beginnings of a polity, 316;
the priest-chieftain, 317-320;
first political constitution, 320-322;
organization and powers of the Althing, 322-327;
the speaker of the law, 327;
Thingvellir, 329-332;
character of the republic, 332, 333;
character and growth of the law, 334-341;
sources of our knowledge of the law, 341-343;
illustrations of the law, 343-349;
introduction of Christianity, 349-351;
reflections on early history, 353-356;
fall of the republic, 356;
union with Denmark, 357;
independence, i. 284; ii. 26.
Ihering, Rudolf von, ii. 186, 516.
Ilbert, Sir C. P., i. 29, 67, 86, 118; ii. 167, 322, 326.
_Imperium_, of praetor, ii. 277.
Inaugural lecture, ii. 475-503.
India: British conquest, i. 5-8;
military character of empire, 13, 14;
natural frontiers, 16-18;
roads and railways, 21, 22;
internal peace, 24, 25;
character of administration, 28-34;
protected states, 37;
fiscal system, 37-42;
native army, 45;
native civil service, 46;
private civil rights, 50;
legislative councils, 51;
religious usages, 56;
education, 57;
influence of climate, 63;
influence of colour, 64-67;
influence of religion, 67-69;
influence of language and literature, 72-74;
no fusion of races, 75;
little influence on England, 76-78;
probable future of British power, 82-84;
legal systems found by the English, 113-116;
English continued existing systems of law, 116-120; ii. 133;
codification, i. 121-124;
merits and working of the codes, 127-131;
probable future of legal development, 138-141;
as governed by Englishmen, ii. 16.
Indian tribes, in United States, i. 377, 408; ii. 16.
Individualism, ii. 36, 463.
Indolence, as ground of political obedience, ii. 6-9, 14.
International law: sovereignty in, ii. 101-104;
natural law in, ii. 167-169.
Interpretation of rigid constitutions, i. 228-234.
Inter-state commission, i. 509.
Ireland, law of, i. 111;
political forces in, i. 264, 285;
little influence on English law, ii. 369;
no divorce in, ii. 438.
Irish, in Iceland, i. 313, 316.
Irrigation, in Australia, i. 474, 478, 522, 545.
Isidore of Seville, ii. 157.
Islam, law of, i. 85, 87;
administered in India, i. 113-119;
characteristics of, ii. 218, 233-241.
Italy, constitution of, i. 155, 196, 202, 208.
_Iudex_, in Roman law, ii. 257.
_Ius_, contrasted with _lex_, i. 149; ii. 294.
_Ius gentium_, in Roman law, i. 97; ii. 128-135, 144-148, 348.
_Ius honorarium_, ii. 133.
_Ius non scriptum_, i. 148.
_Ius respondendi_, in Roman law, ii. 257-260.
Jackson, President, i. 395, 406, 411.
Japan, constitution of, i. 197, 253; ii. 70;
divorce in, ii. 444.
Jay, Chief Justice, i. 360, 365.
Jefferson, i. 363, 365, 366, 373; ii. 98.
Jewish law, ii. 214, 242;
of divorce, ii. 437.
Joint stock companies, law of, ii. 336, 366, 494.
Jointure, in lieu of dower, ii. 427.
Judges, the, as makers of law, ii. 269-281.
Judicature Act, ii. 479, 489, 517.
Judiciary, the: its position in the United States, i. 399, 419, 420;
in the Orange Free State, 439;
in the South African Republic, 446, 453, 462;
in the Australian Commonwealth, 508-512;
as makers of law, ii. 269-281.
Julian, jurist, i. 219; ii. 76, 205, 249, 288.
Julius Caesar, i. 176.
Jurists, as makers of law, ii. 155, 255-261;
difference between the action of Roman and English, 261-269, 496.
Justinian, his codification of Roman law, ii. 355-357;
change in law of divorce, ii. 408.
Kadi, Muhammadan judge, ii. 226, 239, 253.
Kant, ii. 108, 177.
Kent, Chancellor, ii. 265.
Khalifs, the, ii. 62, 240, 241.
King’s Proctor, ii. 437.
Kissing, as test of prohibited degrees, ii. 411.
Koran, the, ii. 59, 223, 226, 231, 235, 237, 253.
Kotzé, J. G., i. 441.
Kovalevsky, ii. 426.
Kruger, President, i. 465.
Labeo, ii. 138, 260, 264.
Labour Party, in the United States, i. 418;
in Australia, i. 541.
_Laissez-faire_, ii. 28, 36.
Land, its influence on English law, ii. 368.
Land Revenue, in Roman and Indian empires, i. 37-39.
Landesgemeinde, i. 160, 434.
Langdell, Prof. C. C., i. 112; ii. 512.
Language, effect of, in Roman and Indian empires, i. 70-74.
Laos States, in Siam, i. 276.
Law Reports, compared with Roman treatises, ii. 266-269.
Law Speaker, in Iceland, i. 327-329, 330, 332, 337.
Lawyers, power of, in America, i. 405.
Legal development at Rome and in England, ii. 338-380:
five chief epochs of legal change at Rome, 341-343;
five epochs of legal change in England, 343-345;
outline of legal changes at Rome, 345-358;
outline of legal changes in England, 358-366;
differences between development of Roman and English law, 367-375;
observations on France and Germany, 375-377;
private law least affected, 377-380.
Legal profession, as a maker of law, ii. 269-281.
Legislation. _See_ Methods of law-making.
Legislative Councils, in India, i. 51.
Legitimation, of children born before marriage, ii. 414.
Leibnitz, on Mogul empire, i. 10.
Leo, Emperor-Philosopher: _Basilica_ of, ii. 341, 378;
abolishes divorce by consent, ii. 408, 413.
_Lex_, meaning of, ii. 294-296, 301, 302.
Libel, punishment for, in Iceland, i. 345.
Liberty, love of, ii. 24-26.
Liberty of the press, in South African republics, i. 440, 443.
Limitation of sovereignty, ii. 71.
Literature, effect of, in Roman and Indian empires, i. 70-73.
Lithuania, Roman law in, i. 110.
Littleton, ii. 261.
Livy, quoted, ii. 131, 255, 347.
Liwan, or hall of prayer, ii. 223.
Locke, ii. 163.
Lögberg, or Hill of Laws, in Iceland, i. 330.
Lögsögumaðr, or Law Speaker, in Iceland, i. 327-329, 330, 332, 337.
Lords, House of, ii. 322-325, 329.
Louis Napoleon, i. 213; ii. 26, 65.
Lyall, Sir A. C., i. 37, 55.
Macaulay, codification of Indian law by, i. 121, 127; ii. 290.
Madison, President, i. 360, 365, 366, 375; ii. 105.
Magistrates, as makers of law, ii. 269-281.
Maine, Sir H. S., i. 167; ii. 111, 140, 146, 215, 495, 506, 524.
Maitland, Prof., ii. 322, 420, 421, 425, 426, 434.
Manipur, i. 25.
Mansfield, Lord, ii. 133, 181, 199, 266, 276, 279, 477, 478.
Mantle children, ii. 415.
_Manus_, in Roman marriage, ii. 387-390.
Maoris, the, in New Zealand, i. 293, 550.
Marcian, ii. 120, 142, 158.
Marquardt, i. 32.
Marriage and divorce under Roman and English law, ii. 381-474:
diversity of law of marriage in different countries, 381-383;
character of marriage in early law, 383-385;
early form of Roman marriage law, 386-389;
change to later system, 389-392;
personal relations of consorts, 392-395;
pecuniary relations of consorts, 395-400;
Roman conception of marriage, 400, 401;
divorce in Roman law, 402-406;
influence of Christianity on divorce, 406-409;
encouragement of marriage, 409;
discouragement of second marriage, 410;
prohibited degrees, 410-412;
natural marriage, 412;
concubinage, 413-415;
marriage under canon law, 416-420;
English law of marriage, 420-424;
property relations of consorts, 424-427;
gradual amendment of English matrimonial law, 427-433;
divorce under canon law, 433-435;
later law of divorce in England and Scotland, 435-438;
divorce laws of United States, 439-443;
statistics of divorce in America, 443;
divorce in modern European countries, 450-453;
comparison of change at Rome with modern world, 453-457;
tendencies affecting permanence of marriage tie, 457-464;
influence of church and law, 464;
does English law need amendment? 465-469;
changes in theory and sentiment regarding marriage, 469-474.
Martial, quoted, ii. 405.
Martyrs, the Christian, ii. 24.
Mastery theory of marriage, ii. 431-433.
Maurer, Konrad, writer on Iceland, i. 319.
Mellish, Lord Justice, ii. 199.
_Mensa et torus_, divorce from, ii. 435, 436.
Merriam, C. E., jun., ii. 111.
Merwing kings, ii. 22.
Metaphysical basis of law, ii. 169, 174-178.
Methods of law-making in Rome and in England, ii. 247-337:
law-making authorities in general, 248-255;
jurists as makers of law, 255-261;
difference between action of Roman and English jurists, 261-269;
magistrates and judges as makers of law, 269-281;
praetorian edicts compared with English case law, 281-293;
direct legislation at Rome (_a_) the popular assembly, 293-303;
(_b_) the senate, 303-308;
(_c_) the emperor, 308-321;
direct legislation in England—Parliament, 321-331;
reflections suggested by the history of legislation, 331-337.
Methods of legal science, ii. 172-208:
metaphysical or _a priori_, 174-178;
analytic, 178-184;
historical, 184-186;
comparative, 186-190;
value of each, 190-192;
utility for legal study, 192-197.
Mexico, constitution of, i. 198, 204.
Military Character of Roman and Indian empires, i. 13, 14.
Milton, quoted, ii. 36, 363;
on divorce, ii. 436.
Mitteis, Dr. L., i. 100, 102; ii. 147.
Modestinus, ii. 258, 354, 400, 483.
Mogul emperors, i. 6, 10; ii. 17, 62.
Mommsen, ii. 395, 516.
Money bills, i. 158, 173, 518.
Monroe Doctrine, the, i. 414, 481.
Montenegro, an autocracy, i. 155, 251, 253.
Montesquieu, i. 145, 379.
Mormons, ii. 384.
Mosaic law, ii. 217, 242.
Mosque of El Azhar, ii. 219-231.
Mufti, ii. 226, 253.
Muhammadan law, administered in India, i. 113-119;
characteristics of, ii. 218, 233-241.
Muirhead, ii. 147, 257.
Municipalities, in India, i. 33.
Musulman law, administered in India, i. 113-119;
characteristics of, ii. 218, 233-241.
Napoleon, codes of, i. 107.
Natal, i. 433, 434.
National sentiment, as a political force, i. 282-286; ii. 34.
Nations, in academical usage, ii. 227, 298.
Natural marriage, ii. 412, 417.
Nature, Law of, ii. 112-171:
origin of idea of Nature as a ruling force, 112-120;
origin of conception of Natural Law, 120-128;
Roman _ius gentium_ or Law of the Nations, 128-135;
connexion of Law of Nature with Law of the Nations, 135-144;
relation of Law of Nature to general customary law, 144-148;
meaning attached by Roman jurists to Nature, 148-157;
Law of Nature in middle ages, 157-161;
in modern times, 161-171.
_Naturrecht_, ii. 169, 173-178.
Negotiable instruments, law of, ii. 335, 365;
in Germany, ii. 377.
Negro question in United States, i. 293, 363, 374, 393, 408, 416, 426.
Nettleship, Prof. H., ii. 131.
Newman, W. L., ii. 144.
New Testament, law in, ii. 79, 209, 216, 243, 434, 482.
New Zealand, outside Australian Commonwealth, i. 548-550.
Non-regulation provinces, in India, i. 35.
Norman feudalism, influence on British constitution, i. 192.
Norway, constitution of, i. 209;
relations with Sweden, i. 284;
settlement of Iceland from, i. 314-316;
subjection of Iceland to, 356, 357;
divorce in, ii. 450, 451.
_Novels_ of Justinian, ii. 320.
Nuncomar, execution of, i. 120.
Obedience, political, ii. 1-48:
theories regarding, 1-6;
grounds of, 6-26;
future of, 26-45;
theory of, applied to jurisprudence, 44-48.
_Obiter dicta_, ii. 268, 282.
Ohio, divorce in, ii. 446.
Old Age Pensions, specifically mentioned in Australian constitution, i.
478, 479, 494, 536.
Olympian games, as unifying influence, i. 280.
Oppressed nationalities, ii. 34.
Orange Free State, i. 430-467:
early history, 432-436;
constitution of the republic, 436-441;
observations on its working, 455-463;
recent history, 463, 466.
Orders in Council, i. 172; ii. 270.
Organs of law-making, ii. 249-254.
Orthodox Church, in Russia, i. 279.
Outlawry, ii. 213.
Oxford, ii. 219, 227, 230, 231, 523-525.
Papinian, ii. 205, 266, 275, 302, 314, 354, 483.
Parke, Baron, i. 340.
Parliament, as source of law in England, i. 152; ii. 321-331;
sovereignty of, i. 152; ii. 57, 90;
marriages dissolved by, ii. 436.
Parsis, in Parliament, i. 50.
Partnership theory of marriage, ii. 432.
Party organization, in the United States, i. 370, 374, 393, 396, 413,
417, 420, 541;
in Australia, i. 539-541.
Patagonia, i. 249.
_Patria Potestas_, i. 101; ii. 198, 215, 482.
Paul, jurist, ii. 354, 393.
Penal Code, in India, i. 121, 127; ii. 290, 334.
Pension system, in United States, i. 376, 422.
People, the, as a source of law, ii. 249-251;
at Rome, 293-303.
_Peregrini_, aliens, in Roman law, i. 90, 93, 134; ii. 129, 348.
Persia, i. 12; ii. 104, 234, 236.
Philippine Islands, occupation of, by United States, i. 2, 34, 79, 417;
ii. 35.
Philosophy of law, ii. 169, 173-178, 193-196.
_Pilgrim’s Progress, The_, ii. 210.
Pitso, of Kafirs, i. 160, 316; ii. 297.
Plato, i. 384, 396; ii. 1, 125.
Plebiscite, amendment of constitution by, i. 153, 213.
Pliny, the elder, ii. 150.
Plutarch, ii. 411.
Poland, partition of, i. 284;
Roman law in, i. 109, 110.
_Political Science Quarterly, The_, ii. 518.
Pollock, Sir F., ii. 109, 111, 128, 166, 322, 415, 420, 421, 425, 426,
434.
Polyandry, in ancient times, ii. 383.
Polybius, i. 9, 145.
Polygamy, among Eastern peoples, i. 140; ii. 383, 384, 469.
_Pontifices_, oversight over marriage, ii. 419.
Pope, the, as sovereign, ii. 80;
jurisdiction over marriage, ii. 419, 434.
Popular assembly, as source of law at Rome, i. 152; ii. 293-303.
Population, growth of, ii. 38.
Portuguese empire, i. 55, 294.
Possession, in Roman and English law, ii. 192, 195, 482.
Post-graduate studies, ii. 522.
Praetorian edict compared with case law, ii. 281-293.
Praetorian prefect, ii. 314, 315.
Praetors, the, ii. 133, 187, 201, 274-278, 282-285, 291-293, 348.
Pre-contract, impediment to marriage, ii. 422, 435.
President, the: his position in the constitution of the United States,
i. 367, 372, 373, 377, 399, 412, 419; ii. 55;
in the Orange Free State, i. 438, 440, 457, 460, 463;
in the South African Republic, i. 444, 445, 457, 460, 465.
Press, influence of the, i. 184, 400, 418; ii. 37.
Priests, in Iceland, i. 317.
Primary assemblies, i. 160, 316, 434; ii. 297.
Privy Council, appeal to, i. 113, 117, 125, 172, 276; ii. 365;
under Australian constitution, i. 510-512.
Procedure Codes, in India, i. 122, 127.
Procedure, law made through, ii. 280.
Procopius, i. 60.
Profession of law, at Rome and in England, ii. 263.
Prohibited degrees of marriage, ii. 410-412, 420.
Protected states, in Roman and Indian empires, i. 5, 36, 37; ii. 102.
Protective tariff, in the United States, i. 393, 411;
in Australia, i. 539.
Protectorate, the, in England, i. 163, 176, 200; ii. 60, 68.
Protestantism, ii. 15, 32.
Province, meaning of the word, i. 36;
in Canada, i. 492, 493.
Provincial government, under Roman empire, i. 27, 30, 32, 91.
Prussia, constitution of, i. 202; ii. 25.
Public schools, ii. 21.
Puerto Rico, acquisition of, by United States, i. 233, 417.
Puritanism of New England, i. 363, 393.
_Quaestiones perpetuae_, ii. 334.
Queensland, i. 265.
Quorum, for amendment of constitution, i. 210.
Rabbis, the, ii. 217.
Racial feeling, as political force, i. 265.
Railways, in India, i. 14, 21;
in United States, i. 416;
in Australian constitution, i. 522, 548.
Rajputs, i. 64, 65.
_Ratio decidendi_, ii. 282.
Reason, as ground of political obedience, ii. 1-5, 12-14;
of the Stoics, ii. 126.
Referendum, the, i. 152, 212, 417, 475, 524; ii. 71.
Reformation, influence on law, ii. 361;
on marriage law, ii. 418, 435, 450.
Regular marriage, ii. 417.
Religion, relations of law to, ii. 209-246:
apparent antagonism, 209, 210;
close connexion in early times, 210-215;
differences between different peoples, 215;
Jews in Roman times, 216;
primitive Christianity, 217;
illustrations from El Azhar, 219-229;
mediaeval universities, 229-233;
arrested development of Musulman universities, 233-242;
differences in Christianity, 242-246.
Religious feeling: in ancient and modern world, i. 52-57;
effect of, in Roman and Indian empires, i. 67-70;
no obstacle to spread of Roman law, i. 103;
as political force, i. 266, 277-279, 283, 406.
Reports, in English law, ii. 266-268.
Representative Government: no place in the ancient world, i. 32;
or in India, i. 50.
Rescripts of Roman emperors, ii. 311.
Resolutions (_besluite_) of Transvaal Volksraad, i. 451-455.
_Responsa_, in Roman law, ii. 257, 262.
Restitution of conjugal rights, ii. 431.
Rhodesia, Southern, ii. 171.
Rights of Man, i. 287; ii. 163.
Rigid and flexible constitutions, i. 145-252.
Ritchie, D. G., ii. 111, 128.
Rivers, importance of, in Australia, i. 478, 522.
_Riwaks_, at El Azhar, ii. 227, 228.
Road builders, Roman and English, i. 21-23.
Romano-Germanic empire, i. 106, 196, 267, 283, 301, 530; ii. 57, 80-82,
162, 375.
Rome: Roman empire compared with Indian empire, i. 6-77;
diffusion of Roman law by conquest, i. 88-99;
establishment of one law for the empire, i. 99-104;
extension of Roman law after fall of western empire, i. 104-110;
Roman law compared with Indian law, i. 133-138;
present position of Roman and English law, i. 142-144;
constitution of, i. 145, 146, 155-158, 164, 169-171, 174, 181,
189-191;
political religion, i. 277; ii. 23;
few national revolts, i. 282;
no race prejudices, i. 291, 294;
empire established by conquest, i. 306;
succession of emperors, ii. 67;
Roman views of sovereignty, ii. 74-79;
Roman conception of _ius gentium_, ii. 128-148;
meaning of Nature in Roman jurists, ii. 148-157;
philosophical treatment of Roman law, ii. 197-208;
jurists as makers of law, ii. 255-268;
magistrates as makers of law, ii. 269-293;
legislation by popular assembly, ii. 293-303;
legislation by senate, ii. 303-308;
legislation by emperor, ii. 308-321;
chief epochs of legal change, ii. 341-343;
outline of legal changes, ii. 345-358;
legal development compared with England, ii. 367-374;
early form of marriage law, ii. 386-389;
change from earlier to later system, ii. 389-392;
later marriage law, ii. 392.
Romilly, i. 121; ii. 479.
Rousseau, criticized, ii. 2-5, 163.
Rules, by delegated authority, ii. 269.
Russia: extension of dominion by, i. 2, 8, 58, 79;
adoption of Roman law by, i. 86, 109;
fundamental laws of the empire, i. 160;
influence of Orthodox Church, i. 279;
sovereignty in, ii. 52, 253;
marital right of chastisement, ii. 426;
divorce, ii. 451.
Sacrament of marriage, ii. 413, 417, 434.
Sagas, i. 341, 351.
Sale of wife by husband, ii. 387, 426.
Sallust, ii. 131.
Salt tax, in Roman and Indian empires, i. 40.
Sand River Convention, i. 433.
Sassanid kings of Persia, i. 12, 20, 53, 283; ii. 384.
Savigny, i. 132; ii. 203, 204, 495, 501, 516.
Scaevola, Q. Mucius, i. 341; ii. 136, 264.
Scandinavia, extension of Roman law to, i. 110.
Scientific frontiers, i. 18-20.
Scotland: has adopted Roman law, i. 86, 107;
national life, i. 288;
little influence on English law, ii. 370;
marriage law, ii. 423;
law of divorce, ii. 435, 438, 451.
Scribes, the, ii. 216.
Second marriage, discouraged by early Christianity, ii. 410.
Second Volksraad, in Transvaal, i. 447.
Self-help, ii. 36.
Senate, the: its position in Rome, i. 181, 182; ii. 75;
in the United States, i. 368, 375, 401, 421, 504, 518, 521;
in Australian Commonwealth, i. 504-507, 514-521, 537;
as source of law at Rome, ii. 303-308.
_Senatus consulta_, ii. 306-309.
Seneca, quoted, ii. 405.
Separate property, of wife, ii. 428-430.
Separation of husband and wife, ii. 436.
Septennial Act, ii. 91.
Servia, constitution of, i. 210, 211.
Settlement, prenuptial, ii. 428.
Sheik ul Islam, the, ii. 58, 221, 241, 313.
Siam, i. 19, 276.
Sidgwick, H., ii. 111.
Sigismund, laws of, ii. 356.
Signore, of Italian city, i. 170; ii. 47.
Sikkim, i. 25.
Slavery: in Iceland, i. 343;
in the United States, i. 224, 363, 374, 393, 409, 416, 426;
forbidden by Transvaal constitution, ii. 443;
in Roman law, ii. 145, 198.
Slavonic law, i. 109.
Smith, Goldwin, i. 200; ii. 524.
Smith, John William, ii. 200, 267, 288.
Smith, Sir Thomas, ii. 109.
Social contract, ii. 2-5, 163.
Social Democrats, ii. 170.
Socrates, ii. 124.
Sonderbund, war of the, i. 283, 477.
Sophocles, quoted, i. 252; ii. 123.
South Africa, constitution of the two Dutch Republics, i. 155, 198,
430-467; ii. 103.
South American republics, i. 198, 211, 249, 253; ii. 48, 60, 66-68.
South Carolina, no divorce, ii. 440.
Sovereignty, ii. 49-111:
confusions regarding the term, 49-51;
legal or _de iure_ sovereignty, 51-59;
practical or _de facto_ sovereignty, 59-64;
relations of legal to practical sovereignty, 64-73;
Roman and mediaeval views, 73-82;
modern theories, 82-94;
questions liable to be confounded, 94-101;
in international relations, 101-104;
in a federation, 104-108;
recent discussions, 110, 111.
Spain, constitution of, i. 208; ii. 58.
Spanish Empire, in America, i. 6, 8, 41, 55, 58, 294, 426.
Spinoza, ii. 162.
Spoils system, in United States, i. 374, 378, 417.
_Sponsalia_, ii. 393.
St. Augustine, ii. 159.
St. Chrysostom, quoted, ii. 158.
St. German, Christopher, ii. 165.
St. Leonards, Lord, ii. 136, 199, 260.
St. Paul, quoted, i. 69; ii. 79, 158, 209.
St. Peter, quoted, ii. 79.
St. Thomas Aquinas, ii. 80, 158.
Statistics of divorce in America, ii. 443-449.
Statute _de donis_, ii. 360.
Statute of Frauds, ii. 363.
Statute of Uses, i. 113; ii. 289, 361.
Statute of Wills, ii. 361.
Statute _quia emptores_, ii. 360, 368.
Stephen, Sir J. F., codification of Indian law by, i. 129.
Stephen, Leslie, ii. 182.
Stoics, the, ii. 126.
Story, Justice, ii. 265.
Stowell, Lord, ii. 266, 417, 423.
Stubbs, Bishop, ii. 43.
Suetonius, i. 53; ii. 304, 306, 384, 404.
Sulla, i. 163.
Sultan of Turkey, ii. 58, 62.
Suzerainty of England over Transvaal, i. 464.
Swiss Confederation, constitution of, i. 152, 231, 298, 470, 501, 503,
525;
divorce in, ii. 450, 451.
Sympathy, as ground of political obedience, ii. 10.
Tacitus, quoted, i. 313, 318; ii. 384, 411.
Tacking of bills, prohibited in Australian constitution, i. 519.
Teaching of law: at Rome, ii. 264;
at Oxford, ii. 473-525.
Ten Commandments, ii. 46.
Territorial expansion, capacity of constitutions for, i. 193-196.
Teutonic law, i. 110, 342; ii. 189, 375, 419.
Theal, Dr., i. 432, 435.
Theodorich, _edictum_ of, ii. 356.
Theodosius II, code of, i. 104; ii. 148, 354.
Theology, identified with law, ii. 211-219, 236.
Thing, or assembly, in Iceland, i. 316-322; ii. 297.
Thingvellir, in Iceland, i. 322, 329-331.
Thucydides, ii. 60.
Thuggi, i. 25.
Thule, i. 313.
Tocqueville, Alexis de: his _Democracy in America_, i. 381-429;
his insufficient knowledge of England, 385;
his preoccupation with France, 387;
his description of the United States, 397-415;
examination of his views, 415-425.
Torts, law of, in India, i. 116, 118, 123.
Trade, as a consolidating influence, i. 263, 413, 479.
Trade Unions, in America, ii. 30, 36.
Trajan, i. 10, 30; ii. 311.
Transvaal, the, i. 198, 430-467:
constitution of the South African Republic, 441-448;
observations, 449;
is it a rigid or a flexible constitution? 449-455;
observations on its working, 455-464;
recent history, 464-467.
Transylvania, i. 291.
Trebatius, ii. 289.
Trent, Council of, ii. 418.
Tribonian, ii. 76, 265, 355-357.
Tribute, in Roman, but not in Indian empire, i. 41, 42.
Trusts, commercial, i. 240; ii. 30.
Trusts, in law, i. 124; ii. 289.
Tunis, ii. 103.
Twelve Tables, the, i. 181, 338; ii. 301, 341, 345-347, 350.
Tyrant, in Greece, ii. 47, 90, 98.
Ukase, ii. 311.
Ulfljot, founder of the Althing in Iceland, i. 322, 341.