who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the neighboring states. New and
revised edition, with introduction and notes by Reverend William
C. Reichel. Philadelphia, 1876. 8^o. Originally published in the
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. I.
1—291–293.
=Howard=, _Gen._ =O. O.= Nez Percé Joseph; an account of his
ancestors, his lands, his confederates, his enemies, his
murders, his war, his pursuit, and capture. By O. O. Howard,
brigadier-general, U. S. A. New York, 1881. 12^o.
1—52; 2—64–72; 3—83.
=Huggins, E. L.= Smohalla, the prophet of Priest rapids. (Overland
Monthly, February, 1891; vol. +XVII+, No. 98; second series, pages
208–215.)
Captain Huggins, now of the staff of General Miles, visited
Smohalla in an official capacity about the same time as Major
MacMurray. Some additional details were furnished by him in
personal conversation with the author.
1—209; 2—209–215.
=Humboldt, A.= Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain, etc.
Translated from the original French by John Black. London, 1811; 4
volumes, 8^o.
1—I, 200–203; IV, 262.
=Indian Informants.= (Among the Paiute in Nevada information and
songs were obtained directly from Wovoka, the messiah, from
his uncle, Charley Sheep, and others; among the Shoshoni and
northern Arapaho in Wyoming, from Norcok, Shoshoni interpreter,
Henry Reid, half-blood Cheyenne interpreter, Nakash, Sharp Nose,
and others; at Pine Ridge, among the Sioux, from Fire-thunder,
American Horse, Edgar Fire-thunder of Carlisle, Louis Menard and
Philip Wells, mixed-blood interpreters, and others; among the
Arapaho and Cheyenne in Oklahoma, from Black Coyote, Left-hand,
Sitting Bull, Black Short Nose, and numerous others, and from the
Carlisle students, Paul Boynton, Robert Burns, Clever Warden, Grant
Left-hand, Jesse Bent, and others; among the Comanche, from Quanah,
William Tivis (Carlisle) and his brother, Mo`tumi; among the Kiowa,
from Biäñk̔i, Gunaoi, Tama (a woman), Igiagyähona (a woman), Mary
Zoñtam, and others, with the Carlisle or Hampton students, Paul
Setk′opti, Belo Cozad, and Virginia Stumbling Bear, and from
Andres Martinez, a Mexican captive and interpreter; among the
Caddo, from George Parton and his daughter Eliza, John Wilson, and
Robert Dunlap, half-blood interpreter; among the Wichita, from the
chief Towakoni Jim. Detailed information in regard to the Smohalla
and Shaker beliefs and rituals among the Columbia river tribes
was obtained in Washington from Charles Ike, half-blood Yakima
interpreter, and chief Wolf Necklace of the Pälus.)
=Indian Office= [_Ind. Off._]. (Documents on file in the Indian
office, exclusive of those relating directly to the Ghost dance and
Sioux outbreak of 1890, those being filed in separate cases labeled
“Ghost Dance.” _See_ Commissioner and Ghost Dance.)
1—Letter of Agent Graham to General Clark, dated February 22, 1827;
2—Document indorsed “The Kickapoo Prophet’s Speech,” dated St.
Louis, February 10, 1827.
=Jackson, Helen= (“=H. H.=”). A century of dishonor. A sketch of the
United States government’s dealings with some of the Indian tribes,
etc. New edition, etc. Boston, 1885. 12^o.
=Janney, S. M.= The life of George Fox; with dissertations on his
views concerning the doctrine, testimonies, and discipline of the
Christian church, etc. Philadelphia, 1853. 8^o.
=Journal of American Folk-lore= [_J. F. L._]. (An octavo quarterly
magazine published at Boston.)
1—“The Ghost Dance in Arizona,” an article originally published
in the Mohave Miner, and reprinted from the Chicago Inter-Ocean
of June 25, 1891, in V, No. 16, January-March, 1892, pages 65–67;
2—ibid; 3—ibid; 4—Mrs Z. A. Parker, “The Ghost Dance at Pine
Ridge,” from an article in the New York Evening Post of April 18,
1891, quoted in IV, No. 13, April-June, 1891, pages 160–162. The
same number of the journal contains other notices of the messiah
and the Ghost dance; 5—G. B. Grinnell, “Account of the Northern
Cheyennes Concerning the Messiah Superstition,” in IV, No. 12,
January-March, 1891, pages 61–69; 6—“Messianic Excitements among
the White Americans,” from an article in the New York Times of
November 30, 1890, in IV, No. 13, April-June, 1891; Rev. J. O.
Dorsey, The Social Organization of the Siouan Tribes, in IV, No.
14, July-September, 1891.
=Keam, Thomas V.= Letters and oral information.
Mr Keam, of Keams Cañon, Arizona, has been for a number of years a
trader among the Navaho and Hopi (Moki), speaks the Navaho language
fluently, and takes an intelligent interest in everything relating
to these tribes. He has furnished valuable information orally and
by letter, together with much kind assistance while the author was
in that country.
=Kendall, E. A.= Travels through the northern parts of the United
States in the years 1807 and 1808. In three volumes. New York,
1809. 8^o.
1—II, 290; 2—II, 292 and 296; 3—II, 287; 4—II, 292.
=Lee=, _Captain_ =J. M.= _See_ Adjutant-General’s Office.
Additional information has been furnished by Captain Lee in
personal letters and in conversation.
=Letter Book= [_L. B._]. (The letter book of the Indian Office
containing, among other things, letters bearing on the Ghost dance,
supplementary to the documents in the “Ghost dance files.”)
1—Belt, October 8 and October 20, 205–287; 206–211; 2—Belt,
November 15, 207–237; 3—Noble, 208–245.
=Lewis and Clark.= Explorations. Washington, 1806. 12^o.
The edition used is the earliest printed account, in the form
of a message to Congress from the President, Thomas Jefferson,
communicated February 19, 1806.
=McCullough, J.= _See_ Pritts, J.
=McKenney, T. L.=, and =Hall, J.= History of the Indian tribes of
North America, with biographical sketches and anecdotes of the
principal chiefs. Embellished with one hundred and twenty portraits
from the Indian gallery in the Department of War at Washington. In
three volumes. Philadelphia, 1858. 8^o.
1—vol. 1, 64, 65.
=MacMurray=, _Major_ =J. W.= [_MacMurray MS._]. The Dreamers of the
Columbia River valley in Washington Territory. A revised manuscript
copy, with notes and other additions of an article originally read
before the Albany Institute January 19, 1886, and published in the
Transactions of the Albany Institute, +XI+, Albany, 1887, pages
240–248.
Under instructions from General Miles, commanding the Department
of the Columbia, Major MacMurray, in 1884, made an official
investigation of the Smohalla religion, with special reference to
the Indian land grievances in that section, and his report on the
subject contains a large body of valuable information.
=Mallery=, _Colonel_ =Garrick=. Picture writing of the American
Indians. (Tenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology (1888–89),
1–822. Washington, 1893. 8^o.)
1—290.
=Matthews=, _Dr_ =Washington=. Ethnography and philology of the
Hidatsa Indians. Washington, 1877. 8^o. (Published as No. 7 of
Miscellaneous publications of the United States Geological Survey.)
—— (Personal letters and oral information.)
Dr Matthews, surgeon in the United States Army, lately retired,
formerly stationed on the upper Missouri and afterward for several
years at Fort Wingate, New Mexico, is the authority on the Navaho
and Hidatsa Indians.
1—Letter of October 23, 1891; 2—ibid.
=Merrick, J. L.= Life and religion of Mohammed, as contained in
the Sheeah tradition of the Hyat-ul-Kuloob; translated from the
Persian. Boston, 1850. 8^o.
=Minnesota Historical Collections.= _See_ Warren.
=Mormons.= The Mormons have stepped down and out of celestial
government; the American Indians have stepped up and into celestial
government. 8^o. 4 pages. (n. d.)
An anonymous leaflet, published apparently at Salt Lake City,
Utah, about July, 1892, advertising a series of lectures on the
fulfillment of Mormon prophecies through the Indian messiah
movement and the Sioux outbreak.
=Nebraska Historical Society.= _See_ Allis; Colby; Hamilton.
=Overland Monthly.= _See_ Huggins.
=Parker, Z. A.= _See_ Commissioner and Journal of American
Folk-lore.
=Parkman, Francis.= The conspiracy of Pontiac, and the Indian war
after the conquest of Canada. Two volumes. Boston, 1886. 8^o.
1—II, 328; 2—I, 207; 3—I, 183; 4—I, 187; 5—I, 255; 6—II, 311.
=Parr, Harriet.= The life and death of Jeanne d’Arc, called the
Maid, etc. Two volumes, London, 1866. 12^o.
=Phister=, _Lieut._ =N. P.= The Indian Messiah. (American
Anthropologist, Washington, +IV+, No. 2, April, 1891.)
A statement by Lieutenant Phister is also appended to the
report of Captain lee on the abandonment of Fort Bidwell. _See_
Adjutant-General’s Office.
1—American Anthropologist, +IV+, No. 2, 105–7; 2—ibid; 3—ibid.
=Powers, Stephen.= Tribes of California. (Vol. +III+ of Contributions
to North American Ethnology; U. S. Geographical and Geological
Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region.) Washington, 1877. 4^o.
=Prescott, W. H.= History of the Conquest of Mexico. Edited by John
Foster Kirk. Three volumes. (1873?) Philadelphia. 12^o.
1—I, 61; 2—I, 346; 3—I, 309.
=Pritts, J.= Incidents of border life, illustrative of the times
and condition of the first settlements in parts of the middle and
western states, etc. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 1839. 8^o.
1—98 (McCullough’s narrative).
=Remy, J.=, and =Brenchley, J.= A Journey to Great Salt Lake City,
with a sketch of the history, religion, and customs of the Mormons,
and an introduction on the religious movement in the United States.
Two vols., London, 1861. 8^o.
=Roosevelt, T.= In cowboy land. (Century Magazine, +XLVI+, No. 2, New
York, June, 1893.)
1—283 (Century).
=Schaff, Philip.= A Religious Encyclopedia; or, dictionary of
biblical, historical, doctrinal, and practical theology. Based on
the Real-Encyklopädie of Herzog, Plitt, and Hauck. Edited by Philip
Schaff, D. D., LL. D., professor in the Union Theological Seminary,
New York, etc. Three volumes. Vol. +I+, New York, 1882. Large 8^o.
=Schoolcraft, H. R.= Historical and statistical information
respecting the history, condition, and prospects of the Indian
tribes of the United States. Collected and prepared under the
direction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, etc. Published by
authority of Congress. Six volumes, 4^o. Philadelphia, 1851–1857.
1—IV, 240 (Fletcher); 2—IV, 259.
=Science.= _See_ Dutton.
=Scott=, _Capt._ =H. L.= The Messiah dance in the Indian Territory.
Essay for the Fort Sill lyceum, March, 1892 (manuscript).
Additional valuable information has been obtained from Captain
Scott’s official reports on the Ghost dance (_see_ Ghost Dance
and Adjutant-General’s Office) and from personal letters and
conversations.
=Scribner’s Magazine.= _See_ Welsh.
=Shea, J. G.= History of the Catholic missions among the Indian
tribes of the United States, 1529–1854. New York, (1855?). 12^o.
Contains references to the Columbia river missions.
=Short Bull.= Sermon delivered at the Red Leaf camp, October 31,
1890. Copy kindly furnished by George Bartlett, formerly of Pine
Ridge agency, South Dakota. It appears also in the report of
General Miles, in Report of the Secretary of War, Vol. +I+, 1891,
142.
=Sickels=, _Miss_ =E. C.= (Notes and oral information in regard to
the dance and songs at Pine Ridge.)
The author is also indebted to the kindness of Miss Sickels for the
manuscript copy of Sword’s account of the Ghost dance.
=Snyder=, _Colonel_ =Simon=. (Personal letter concerning the
Sword-bearer outbreak of 1887.)
=Southey, Robert.= The life of Wesley and rise and progress of
Methodism. By Robert Southey. Second American edition with notes,
etc., by the Reverend David Curry, +A. M.+ Two volumes, New York,
1847. 12^o.
=Stenhouse=, _Mrs_ =T. B. H.= Tell it all: The story of a life’s
experience in Mormonism. Hartford, Connecticut, 1874.
Contains particular reference to the endowment robe.
=Stephen, A. M.= Letters and oral information.
The late Mr Stephen lived and studied for years among the Navaho,
Hopi (Moki), Cohonino, and other Indians of northern New Mexico
and Arizona, and was a competent authority on these tribes,
particularly the Hopi, whose ethnology he was investigating
in conjunction with Dr J. Walter Fewkes, for the Hemenway
Archeological Expedition.
1—Letter of September 17, 1891; 2—Letter of November 22, 1891;
3—Oral information; 4—Letter of September 17, 1891.
=Sutherland, T. A.= Howard’s campaign against the Nez Percé Indians.
By Thomas A. Sutherland, volunteer aid-de-camp on General Howard’s
staff. Portland, Oregon, 1878. Pamphlet, 8^o.
1—39.
=Tanner, John.= A narrative of the captivity and adventures of John
Tanner. New York, 1830. 8^o.
1—155–158.
=Thompson, A. H.= (Of the United States Geological Survey. Oral
information concerning the religious ferment among the Paiute of
Utah in 1875.)
=Treaties.= A compilation of all the treaties between the United
States and the Indian tribes, now in force as laws. Prepared under
the provisions of the act of Congress approved March 3, 1873, etc.
Washington, 1873. 8^o.
1—439.
=Voth=, _Rev._ =H. R.= (Correspondence and notes.)
Mr Voth, now stationed among the Hopi, at Oraibi, Arizona, was
formerly superintendent of the Mennonite Arapaho Mission, at
Darlington, Oklahoma. Being interested in the ethnology and
language of the Arapaho, he gave close attention to the Ghost dance
during the excitement, and has furnished much valuable information,
orally and by letter, in regard to the songs and ritual of the
dance.
=War.= Annual report of the Secretary of War. Washington. 8^o.
(Volumes quoted: 1877—I; 1881—I; 1888—I; 1891—I.)
1—Colonel Carr; Brevet Major-General Willcox, department
commander, and Major-General McDowell, division commander, in
Report 1881—I, 140–154; 2—Report of Brigadier-General Ruger
and of Special Agent Howard, with other papers in the same
connection, 1888—I; 3a—General Howard in Report, 1877, I,
630; 3b—(Referred to) Report of scout Arthur Chapman, 1891—I,
191–194; 4—Short Bull’s sermon, 1891—I, 142–143; 5—Report of
General Brooke, ibid, 135–136; 6—Report of General Miles, ibid,
147–148; 7—Miles, ibid, 145; 8—Miles, ibid, 146–147; General
Ruger, 182–183; Lieutenant-Colonel Drum, 194–197; Captain
Fechét, 197–199; 9—Miles, ibid, 147; 10—Miles, ibid, 147 and
153; 11—Miles, ibid, 147; Ruger, 184; Lieutenant Hale, 200–201;
Captain Hurst, 201–202; Lieutenant-Colonel Sumner, 224; 12—Miles,
ibid, 147; Lieutenant-Colonel Sumner, etc, 209–238; 13—Miles,
ibid, 150; 14—Miles, ibid, 150; 15—Ruger, ibid, 185; Maus, ibid,
214; 16—Miles, ibid, 130; 17—Miles, ibid, 130; 18—Miles, ibid,
150; 19—Miles, ibid, 154; 20—Miles, ibid, 151; 21—Miles, ibid,
151; 22—Miles, ibid, 152; 23—Miles, ibid, 152–153; 24—Report of
Lieutenant Getty, ibid, 250–251; 25—Reports of Colonel Merriam,
Lieutenant Marshall, et al., ibid, 220–223; 26—Miles, ibid, 154;
27—Miles, ibid, 154.
=Warren, W. W.= History of the Ojibways, based upon traditions and
oral statements. (In collections of the Minnesota Historical
Society, V. St. Paul, 1885.) 8^o.
1—321–324; 2—321–324.
=Welsh, Herbert.= The meaning of the Dakota outbreak. (Scribner’s
Magazine, +IX+, No. 4; New York, April, 1891, pages 429–452.)
Mr Welsh is president of the Indian Rights Association, and a close
and competent observer of Indian affairs.
1—445; 2—450; 3—452.
=Wickersham, James.= Tschaddam or Shaker religion. (Manuscript
published almost entire in chapter +VIII+ herein, together with
extracts from personal letters on the same subject.)
Judge James Wickersham is the historian of the state of Washington
and the attorney for the Shaker Indian organization. He has devoted
considerable attention to the Indians of the state, and is now
engaged in preparing a monograph on the Nisqually tribe.
ERRATUM
From a letter of Judge James Wickersham, already quoted as an authority
on the Shaker religion of the Columbia River tribes, it appears that
Aiyal is not the same individual as Yowaluch, as was stated by our
Yakima informants, who were doubtless deceived by the resemblance of
sound. Judge Wickersham writes: “I know this man Aiyal, and he and
Yowaluch, while great friends, are not the same person. Aiyal is a
Cowlitz, and was sent by Yowaluch to the Yakima, together with John W.
Simmons, to convert that tribe.”
INDEX TO PART 2
+Ă′ă kakimeawi′ut+, Caddo name of ghost dance, 791
+Aä′ninĕna+, an Arapaho division, 955
—, an Arapaho synonym, 1013
+Aanû′hawă+, an Arapaho division, 956
+Achoma′wi+, a Pit river band, 1052
+Adai+, a Caddo division, 1092
+Adaize+, a Caddo division, 1092
+Â′dal-k̔ato′igo+, a Sahaptin synonym, 744
+Ädalto′yui+, a Kiowa warrior order, 989
+Adams, Agent+, at Anadarko council, 913
+Adams, Wm.+, killed at Wounded Knee, 872
+Adventists+, account of the, 944
+Aes+, a Caddo division, 1092
+Afraid-of-him+, Biäñk̔i’s vision of, 910
+Aga′ih-tĭka′ra+, _see_ +Fisheaters+.
+Agents+, knowledge of, concerning indians, 767
—, inconsiderateness of, 837
—, placed under military orders, 850
—, policy concerning, 828
—, replacement of, 845, 887
—, Sioux, ghost dance beyond control of, 850
—, Sioux, irresponsibility of, 833
+Agriculture+ of the Caddo, 1094
+Aha′känĕ′na+, an Arapaho warrior order, 988
+Ähyäto+, Kiowa name of the Arapaho, 953
+Aiyal+, correction concerning, 1111
—, _see_ +Yowaluch, Louis+.
+Akokisa+, status of the, 1093
+Aliatan+, a synonym of Comanche, 1043
+Aliche+, a Caddo division, 1092
+Allis, Samuel+, on Kickapoo prayer stick, 697
+Almotu+, a Pälus village, 735
+Alone Man+, Catch-the-Bear killed by, 857
+American Horse+, acknowledgments to, 655
—, ghost-dance council held by, 820
— on Wounded Knee massacre, 869, 885
— on the Sioux outbreak, 839, 843
—, emissary to Bad-lands refugees, 867
—, Kicking Bear’s surrender effected by, 868
—, delegate to Washington, 891
+Americans+, indian belief of origin of, 721
—, indian regard for, 676
+Amulet+, Caddo, described, 904
+Anadarko+, a Caddo division, 1092
—, Kiowa council at, 913
+Angell, Henry+, in Sioux outbreak, 863
+Anointment+ of body, 1037
+Anos-anyotskano+, Kichai name of the Arapaho, 953
+Anskowĭ′nĭs+, a Cheyenne division, 1026
+Apache+, absence of ghost dance among, 805
— in ghost dance, 653, 802, 805, 898
— and Kiowa early warfare, 1079
—, medicine-man of the, 704
—, refusal of, to accept Äpiatañ’s report, 914
—, use of bull-roarer by, 975
+A′p-anĕka′ra+, Comanche name of ghost dance, 791
+Äpiatañ+, journey of, to the Sioux, 908
—, Kiowa delegate to Wovoka, 903, 911, 913
—, portrait of, 912
—, result of interview of, 911
—, report of messiah visit of, 913
—, report on messiah doctrine by, 900
—, medal presented to, 914
+Aqa′thinĕ′na+, an Arapaho division, 957
+Arapaho+, ceremonial smoking by the, 918
—, cycles of the, 701
—, delegation of, to Wovoka, 900
—, early knowledge of messiah by, 797
—, etymology of, 1013
—, features of ghost dance among, 802
—, ghost dance among the, 653, 786, 807, 817, 820, 895, 926, 927
—, ghost-dance doctrine spread by, 902
—, glossary of the, 1012
—, knowledge of messiah among, 894
— name of the Caddo, 1092
— name of the Cheyenne, 1023
— name of the Comanche, 1043
— name of ghost dance, 791
— name of the Kiowa Apache, 1081
— name of the Sioux, 1057
— police, acknowledgments to, 655
—, population of the, 957
—, religion of the, 775
—, sacred pipe of the, 1063
—, sketch of the, 954
—, songs of the, 958
—, symbolic representation of, 789
— tribal signs, 954
— tribal synonymy, 953
— visit of Äpiatañ to, 911
—, visit of, to Wovoka, 774, 807, 901
—, visit to the, 778
+Äräpa′kata+, Crow name of the Arapaho, 953, 1014
+Arcs Plats+, a synonym of Kutenai, 731
+Arikara+, ghost dance among the, 817
+Arizona+ visited by Smohalla, 719
+Armstrong, James+, visit of Kickapoo delegation to, 699
+Armstrong, R. B.+, prayer stick in possession of, 699
+Arnold, Mrs L. B.+, acknowledgments to, 655
— adoption of Sioux child by, 880
+Arrow+, medicine, ceremony of, 1026
+Arrow game+ of the Arapaho, 962
+Arrows+ of the Cheyenne, 1024
—, sacred, in Sioux ceremony, 823
—, sacred, in Sioux ghost dance, 788, 915, 916
—, symbolism of, in ghost dance, 789
+Äsatitola+, present name of Biäñk̔i, 909
+Asay, J. F.+, on mortality at Wounded Knee, 870
—, on Sioux ghost dance, 915
+Asinais+, a Caddo synonym, 1092
+Asiniboin+ and Cheyenne hostility, 1024
—, ghost dance among the, 817
—, Tenskwatawa religion among the, 679
+Atahnam+, a Yakima mission, 717
+Ä′tänûm-‛lĕma+, sketch of the, 738
+Atsina+, Blackfoot name of Gros Ventres, 955
+Atua′mih+, a Pit river band, 1052
+Authorities cited+, list of, 1104
+Awl game+ of plains tribes, 1002–1004
+Ayutan+, a synonym of Comanche, 1043
+Aztecs+, culture of the, 658
+Ba′achinĕna+, name of northern Arapaho, 954, 1014
+Bääku′ni+, Arapaho name of Paul Boynton, 971
+Bad Faces+, an Arapaho division, 957
+Bad lands+, flight of Sioux to, 850, 851, 861, 884
—, Sioux in, surrounded by troops, 866
—, return of Sioux from, 868
+Bad Pipes+, an Arapaho division, 956
+Bahakosĭn+, Caddo name of the Cheyenne 1023
+Bahwetegow-ēninnewug+, Ojibwa name of Gros Ventres, 955
+Ball+ of the Arapaho, 964
+Bancroft, George+, on French and Indian war, 663
—, on the Lenape, 662
+Bannock+ and Paiute affinity, 1048, 1051
—, early knowledge of messiah by, 802
—, ghost dance among, 785, 805, 807
—, messiah delegates among the, 894
—, Mormon emissaries among the, 704
—, Porcupine’s visit to the, 793
—, present habitat of the, 806
—, reception of, into Mormon church, 790
—, Tävibo among the, 701
—, visit of Äpiatañ among, 911
—, visit of, to Wovoka, 818
+Bannock Jim+, Wovoka confounded with, 765
+Bä′qati game+ described, 994
— in ghost song, 1036, 1075
+Bäqati wheel+, use of, in ghost dance, 1064
+Bark+, Cheyenne delegate to Wovoka, 895
+Bark+, cedar, headdress of, in Shaker ceremony, 761
+Bartlett, C. H.+, acknowledgments to, 655
—, prayer slick presented by, 698
+Bä′sawunĕ′na+, an Arapaho division, 955
+Basket+, mystic, in Columbia indian cosmology, 722
+Basket+ used in dice game, 1004
+Bathing+ in ghost-dance ceremony, 921
+Bäti′qtûba+ game of the Arapaho, 1007
+Battlelemuleemauch+, a Mitaui synonym, 734
—, an Okanagan division, 734
+Bed+ of prairie tribes, 963
+Be′dălpago+, Kiowa name of the whites, 978
+Beekman, Dora+, founder of the Beekmanites, 945
+Beekmanites+, account of, 945
+Bell+, —, a wilderness worshiper, 946
+Bells+ used in Shaker ceremony, 749, 755
— used in Smohalla worship, 730
+Bĕni’nĕna+, an Arapaho warrior society, 986
+Benoit, Felix+, interpreter in Sioux outbreak, 865
+Bent, George+, acknowledgments to, 655
—, on absence of clans among Cheyenne, 956
+Bent, Jesse+, acknowledgments to, 655
+Berliner, Emile+, acknowledgments to, 655
+Berry dance+ of northwestern indians, 728
+Be′shiltchă+, Kiowa synonym, 1078
+Bĕtidĕĕ+, Kiowa Apache name of the Arapaho, 953
+Biäñk̔i+, account of, 909–910
— compared with other prophets, 930
—, influence of, in ghost dance, 914
+Bible+, Shaker regard for the, 750, 755
+Bidai+, status of the, 1093
+Big Foot+, complaints by band of, 836
—, excitement among band of, 848
—, game-wheel carried by band of, 1075
—, ghost dance at camp of, 847, 853
— joined by Sitting Bull’s warriors, 860
—, participation of, in Sioux outbreak, 861
—, arrest of band of, 876
—, surrender of, 867
—, second flight of, 865
—, military movement against, 864
—, illness of, 868
— killed at Wounded Knee, 870
+Big Road+ as a peacemaker, 887
—, delegate to Washington, 891
—, emissary to Bad-lands refugees, 867
+Billy John+, _see_ +Sha′awĕ+.
+Bird head+, use of, in battle, 790
+Birds+, stuffed, used in ghost dance, 916
+Bitahi′nĕna+, an Arapaho warrior order, 988
+Bitäye+, another name of Sitting Bull, 896
+Black, Buffalo+, a ghost-dance leader, 902
+Black Coal+, an Arapaho chief, 956
—, opposition of, to ghost dance, 808
+Black Coyote+, an Arapaho ghost-dance leader, 897, 898
—, acknowledgments to, 655
—, sacred paint obtained by, 1029
—, song rehearsal in tipi of, 819
—, visit of, to Wovoka, 774, 775, 894, 900, 903
+Blackfeet+, a Teton division, 1059
—, absence of ghost dance among, 816, 817
—, dog soldiers of the, 986
—, eagle trapping by the, 993
—, former union of, with Cheyenne, 1025