Since 1789 every European people has been busy making a throne, or seat
of government and authority, from which its ruler might preside. These
thrones have been of many patterns, to correspond to the diversity in
tastes of races, parties, and times. Often, the business of destroying
seems to have left no leisure for building. In England alone have men
learned how to remodel a throne without disturbing its occupant; as we
in America raise or move large houses without interrupting the daily
life of the families who dwell in them.
To portray the personality of some of the conspicuous Throne-Makers
of the century is the purpose of the following studies. I have wished
to show just enough of the condition of the countries under review to
enable the reader to understand what Bismarck, or Napoleon III, or
Kossuth, or Garibaldi, achieved. I have been brief, and yet I trust
that this method has afforded scope for exhibiting that influence of
the individual on the multitude which--however our partial science may
try to belittle it--was never more strikingly illustrated than by such
careers as these in our own time.
The group of Portraits which follow require no special introduction.
In the “Tintoret” and “Giordano Bruno” I have brought together as
compactly as possible, for the convenience of English readers, what
little is known about these two men. Berti’s work on Bruno, from which
I have drawn largely, deserves a wider recognition than it has received
outside of Italy; whoever reads it will regret that that eminent
scholar was prevented from completing his volume on Bruno’s philosophy.
The sketch of Bryant was written in 1894, that of Carlyle in 1895, on
the occasion of their centenaries.
My thanks are due to the proprietors of _The Atlantic Monthly_,
_The Forum_, and _The American Review of Reviews_ for permission to
reprint such of the following articles as originally appeared in those
periodicals.