_Of_ Machines _for Elevating of Waters._
These _Machines_ were of four sorts.
[Sidenote: _Lib. 10._]
The first was the _Tympan_, of which there were two sorts; The first
elevated a great deal of Water, but not very high, for it only mounted
to the Axle-tree of the _Tympan_, which was a great Wheel made of Planks
which made two bottoms divided into eight from the Center to the
Circumference, each Separation, having an opening half a Foot wide near
the Circumference to draw the Water, which being elevated upon the
Axle-tree, ran through the Cavities which were hollowed in each
Separation.
The Second _Machine_, was a Wheel which elevated the Water as high as
its Circumference, by the help of several Boxes which were fastned round
about, and which poured out the Water into a Reeve as the Wheel, having
mounted, began to descend.
[Sidenote: _Lib. 10. Chap. 2._]
The Third _Machine_ was a Chain with Buckets, as the one mounted, the
other descended, being drawn by the Axle-tree.
The Fourth _Machine_ was the Vice or _Skrew_, which is attributed to
_Archimedes_, though _Vitruvius_ makes no mention of the Inventor. This
Vice was made of a piece of VVood, long sixteen times its Diameter: about
this piece of Wood was put Obliquely a Hoop of Willow VVood besmeared
with Pitch, and it was Conducted by turning from one end of the piece of
the Wood to the other: Upon this Hoop others were put so that they were
like the Vaulting of a Stair-Case whose ascent goes turning. This being
done, this Vice was fastned and strengthned with Planks, which were
pitched within, and covered with Iron Rings and Plates without: At the
two ends of the piece of Wood, were Pins, which entring into the
Suckets, made the _Machine_ capable of Motion. This Vice or Skrew was
placed according to the bent or sloping of the Triangle Rectangle of
_Pythagoras_. This _Machine_ elevated easily a great quantity of Water,
but it could not carry it high.
[Sidenote: _Lib. 10. Chap. 2._]
The Fifth _Machine_, was the Pump of _Ctesibius_; it was composed of two
Bodies of Pumps, in which the Suckets having drawn the VVater when they
were pulled up, they both pressed it violently into a Pipe which was
fastned at the bottom of the Body of the Pump when they went down. For
the VVater by the Impulsion of the Sucket, was forced to enter into
these Pipes, because it could not go out by the Openings by which it
entred, because of the Suckets which stopped them, these two Pipes were
joyned together in a _Tambour_, which had likewise its Suckets, which
hindred the VVater from descending into the Bodies of the Pumps, after
it had been pressed into the _Tambour_, or _Vase_, which had another
Pipe, through which the VVater was forced as high as they pleased, by
Impulsion of the Suckets.
[Sidenote: _Lib. 10. Chap. 10._]
All these _Machines_ were either _moved_ by Strength of Men, or by
VVater-Mills, according to the convenience of the place.