“THE HOLD OF EVERY FOUL SPIRIT,” “I SIT A QUEEN.”
It was in the glow of an autumn evening that Ethne and Marius, with their
little Paul, the Irish nurse, Dewi and the dog, reached the Aventine, in
the autumn of the year of our Lord 454.
The welcome of Damaris and Fabricius, especially the mother’s wistful
welcome, with an instinctive longing look for some one yet to come who
was not there, brought to Ethne’s heart again the warmth of familiar
affection and the sense of home. If Damaris had seemed satisfied, as if
all were restored by her own return with Marius, Ethne’s own heart would
have been less satisfied. It was the mother’s first eager question, “And
Lucia, my daughter, my child?” that altogether woke up her heart to life.
Her own mother’s heart, Ethne knew, was always asking that question about
herself, and in filling as far as possible a daughter’s place to Damaris,
she felt as if in some way strengthening Lucia to sustain her own mother
in Ireland.
One day before long she met Miriam, straying sadly into the Temple of
Peace.
“You wonder to see a Hebrew woman in this Temple of the Idol,” she said;
“but I came to see once more the sacred treasures of our race, and of the
Temple of our God, the golden table of the shewbread, the seven-branched
candlestick, that once lit up our Holy Place.”
“Your Holiest Place was dark and empty, was it not, all the year?” asked
Ethne; and then very tenderly she added, “But I believe if you and I
could look into the Holy of Holies now in the heavens, we should see it
not dark or empty; for One of your race has entered there and abides
there always.”
“Ah, lady! ah, my child!” said Miriam, passionately, “pray thou for the
husband of my youth, if thou canst indeed pray to One Who sees and hears;
pray for him, that the glamour and enchantment may pass away. The clutch
of Mammon is around him closer and closer, crushing out his heart, his
life, entwined so fearfully with what is dearest and best, his love for
our child. He seems only to care for one thing besides—these sacred
relics of our ancient glory. He also steals in here from time to time,
and I have seen the tears on his wrinkled old face, making it look for
the moment young again, as if the old days and the old life might come
back yet.”
The family stayed all that winter on the Aventine, and more and more
Ethne’s heart was drawn to Fabricius and Damaris, with a deep and tender
reverence for the old age which seemed creeping on them too soon, as if
the dissolution and decay of the falling world around them were gathering
them into its shadow.
For this corrupt city, this Rome, over which Augustine had mourned, after
the siege of Alaric, forty years before, as the fallen Babylon, had
fallen deeper than ever, had indeed become “a habitation of every foul
spirit, and a cage of every unclean bird, with her merchandise of bodies
and souls of men.” Again and again “her sins had reached unto heaven,”
and God had remembered her iniquities; but she, as her faithful Leo had
told her again and again, remembered not her sins, nor her chastenings,
nor her deliverances, but still said in her heart, “I sit a Queen, and
shall see no sorrow.”
Even as they had entered the streets on their return from Ireland, full
of the din of wild revelry, Ethne’s nurse had said—“Is this the city
which has been plundered and burnt so often, which we heard was saved so
lately from destruction by the prayers of the great Bishop?” And Ethne
could only say, “God did save the city once more through Leo—once more!”
knowing what depths of misery and iniquity lay seething underneath all
this foam and noise.
The Imperial court had for a time transferred itself from Ravenna to the
Palatine, and seemed to have grown more wicked than ever, with the base
wickedness of weakness, deeming itself emancipated from fear. Attila, the
dread of Europe, Roman and Gothic, Imperial and barbarian, was dead. The
Huns were scattered into a helpless herd of disconnected tribes. Ercan,
Attila’s darling boy, was tranquilly and meekly reigning over a little
portion of his father’s conquests, under the protection of the Eastern
Empire, in the country around the mouth of the Danube. There was nothing
more to fear from the Huns. It was true that their ancient allies,
the Vandals, who had slaughtered more Romans than any other of the
barbarians, had taken possession of the province of North Africa. But the
Vandals would, it was hoped, be content with Africa; and although they
were becoming skilful seamen, with great fleets like Carthage of old, and
although they had a powerful king, Genseric, of a most savage temper, who
might, some thought, prove another Hannibal to Rome, Africa was across
the sea and a long way off, and the worst evil inflicted on Rome at
present by the Vandal conquests, was the loss of the great granary of her
hungry population.
It was also true that the Vandals were Arians, and hated the Romans,
not merely as Romans, but as Catholics. The stories of persecution from
Vandal Africa were very fearful; but the stories of the iniquities of
Roman Carthage before the Vandals captured it had been more fearful still.
Augustine had died twenty-five years before, at besieged Hippo, repeating
the penitential psalms and weeping for his people, yet saying—“Righteous
art Thou, O Lord, and Thy judgment is just.”
Augustine’s Hippo had fallen, Carthage had fallen, and had been sacked
by the Vandals, experts, it was said, in plundering beyond all the
barbarians; and with the greed of plunder was blended the cruelty
of persecution. Nobles and ladies of gentle birth were sold in the
slave-market; priests were slain in the churches as they read the Gospels
and celebrated the Eucharist. Tortures unutterable were inflicted on
the obstinate. And all the time the piratical raids were drawing nearer
and nearer to Rome; yet Valentinian and his court went on revelling in
careless indifference, disregarding every tie of honour and justice,
betraying hospitality, dishonouring the noblest blood, rewarding with
treachery the most faithful service. The great General Aetius was there
at the court, his son betrothed to the Emperor’s daughter; but the
Emperor had begun to feel Aetius no longer necessary, and his doom was
sealed.
At length the story of crime reached its climax. The Emperor invited
the great general who had saved his empire into his palace; and then,
professing to be indignant with him at urging too vehemently his son’s
suit for his Imperial bride, suddenly plunged his sword into the heart
of his guest and deliverer; the only occasion, it was bitterly said, on
which he had the courage to use a sword. The wretched courtiers followed
his example; Aetius fell, pierced and mangled with many wounds. His
friends were then allured into the palace, and murdered in cold blood
one by one. The courtly Sidonius Apollinaris was startled from his
smooth Latinity into the vigour of old Roman speech by his indignation
at this crime, and called the miserable Emperor a “crazy half-man,”
scarcely possessing an individual name, a mere appanage to his mother
Placidia. _Aetium Placidus mactavit semivir amens._ And it was reported
that when, immediately after the murder, the Imperial murderer, probably
doubting the prudence of his act, asked one of his courtiers if it was
a good deed, he was answered with an epigram which made its author
famous—“Whether it was a good deed, most noble Emperor, or something
quite other than a good deed, I am scarcely able to say. One thing,
however, I do know, that you have cut off your right hand with your left!”
The feeble Emperor had not long to wait to prove whether his crime was
a political success. Christmas came once more to Rome, with its message
of peace; Epiphany, the manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles, with
its boundless revelation of love, its boundless promise of redemption;
and Leo’s noble voice rang through the great Christian basilica its
trumpet-peals of victory, of warning, of summons to holy life, its
sentences of just judgment on the unjust. And in March that sentence fell
on Valentinian. He was riding out of the city to the Campus Martius,
and halting amongst some laurel bushes in a pleasant grove, surrounded
by his court and his guards, watching the games of the athletes, when
suddenly two soldiers of the guard (whose names Optila and Traustila have
a Gothic flavour) rushed upon him and stabbed him to death; and beside
him also the minister Chrysaphius, who with him had planned the death of
Aetius. No other blood was shed. In all that servile court, in all that
dissolute city, no hand was raised to avenge the death of the Imperial
murderer.
After that events rushed rapidly after each other, as at the close of
some sensational melodrama. Petronius Maximus of the great Anician
house was elected Emperor in place of Valentinian. The placid, virtuous
senator, a man of the latest culture, who regulated his days by
his clypsedra, or water-clock, whose exceptionally magnificent and
exceptionally respectable festivities were the admiration of respectable
Rome, was installed in the Imperial palace. His own wife had died—many
said broken-hearted—from the wrongs of Valentinian; and there were
suspicions that Petronius Maximus was an accomplice in the murder of his
wife’s betrayer. Whether from the doting affection of an old man, or the
base vengeance of an injured man on an innocent woman, Petronius Maximus,
very shortly after the Emperor’s death, insisted on the beautiful widowed
Empress Eudoxia becoming his wife. Eudoxia, a niece of the great Emperor
Theodosius, had loved her worthless husband in spite of his crimes, and
naturally detested Petronius Maximus. In the madness of her humiliation
and revenge, she sent an appeal to Genseric to come with his Vandals and
deliver her by attacking Rome.
Genseric’s pirate fleet was always ready for any expedition of plunder,
most ready for the most profitable, most of all ready to combine
vengeance and gain in the plunder of the queen-city of the world, the
metropolitan see of Catholic Christendom.
It was soon rumoured that his ships were on their way across the
Mediterranean. But Petronius Maximus sat helpless in his palace beside
the Imperial wife who detested him. He could think of no remedy but to
issue the Imperial proclamation—“The Emperor grants to all who desire it
liberty to depart from the city.”
Fabricius, unable to defend his family, sent Damaris and Ethne with the
child and an escort of faithful slaves to the villa among the Sabine
hills, whilst he and Marius resolutely remained, to be of what service
they could to Rome.
Ethne and Damaris were alone together in the familiar rooms of the
quiet home among the streams of the wooded hills, when the tidings of
the tragic end of Maximus reached them. When it was quite sure that the
Vandals were on the sea, on their way to Rome, the citizens went mad with
terror and despair, and seized on the wretched old enthroned official,
as the nearest object on which to wreak their rage. He had perhaps
been harsh as well as weak; to be just requires courage as well as
good-nature. But whatever he had been, it was through him, as the cause
of the appeal of the Empress, insulted by her unwilling nuptials, that
the Vandals were coming. The nobles, and all who could take refuge in
flight, fled. The panic was universal. The cause of it, a feeble doting
old man, was at hand. The soldiers mutinied, the rabble rose, the slaves
of the Imperial household, probably clinging to the young Empress of the
ancient Imperial house, whose vices had only made the more revelry for
them, and detesting the intruder, whose respectable virtues brought them
no profit, abandoned the old man to the rioters. The smooth, orderly life
ended in a ghastly tragedy. The Imperial household tore him limb from
limb, dragged the fragments of the mangled body through the city, and
then threw them into the Tiber, that no reparation of Christian rites of
burial might be his. And the messenger who brought the terrible tidings
to Damaris and Ethne added—“And the Vandals are here; their ships have
been seen in the offing close to the port of Ostia.”
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