THE RETREAT CONTINUES
_We are but warriors for the working-day;
Our gayness and our gilt are all besmirch'd
With rainy marching in the painful field;
There's not a piece of feather in our host,
* * * * *
And time hath worn us into slovenry;
But, by the mass, our hearts are in the trim._
The following days saw no rest for the exhausted troops, and they were
compelled to plod on ever farther and farther south. If the rapidity
of the German advance was so astonishing, even more so was the speed at
which the British retired before them. For it is a hundred times more
easy to do the advancing than the retiring. In the former case there
is the confidence of success, with the feeling that at any moment the
coveted prize may be snapped up. In the latter there is the inevitable
feeling that things are going wrong, that the army is suffering defeat,
and the constant dread that the troops may not stand the tremendous
strain upon their powers of endurance.
So it was that every encouragement was given to the rumour which ran
through the Force that this was but a strategical retirement, part of
the plan decided on years before between the French and British
Headquarters Staffs. And the idea of the Retreat was that the British
were to draw the Germans ever southward, while the Belgian forces were
gradually closing in behind the invaders on the west, and the French
doing the same on the east. Then at the psychological moment the
signal would be flashed round, the British would suddenly turn and
present a dead wall, the strings of the net would be pulled tight,
and--hey presto! we should all be home by Christmas.
There was only one part of the scheme which everyone regretted, and
that was that we should be out of the entry into Berlin. It is all
very well to keep up your wicket while the other fellow makes the runs,
but then the other fellow gets all the credit. You see, everybody knew
for a fact that the Russians were only a couple of days from the German
capital, and that heartened the Force almost more than anything else.
However, one consoled the men by telling them that regiments were sure
to be picked by ballot to represent the British in the march through;
and as for the newspaper prizes to the first man or regiment in--well,
that regiment would surely be sporting and share the prize.
How many times one must have explained this wonderful piece of strategy
to the good French folk I should not like to guess. On passing through
a little village, generally at dusk, one of the things one always had
to do, after dispelling the fears of the ancient policeman who tried to
hold up the battery with an antiquated fowling-piece, was to draw maps
on the sanded floor of the café for the edification of the local
magnates.
"Why do we thus retire, madame? But it is so simple. It is a piece of
strategy of the most clever. The Allemands"--here the audience spit
profusely--"come thus, the Belgians are here, etc. etc. At any moment
we turn to attack, etc. How many English, madame? Ah, madame, it is
not permitted to tell; but for your ear, madame (and I would tell no
one else), they say that the second quarter of a million disembarked
yesterday."
Perhaps our kindly hosts will by now have forgiven us, but at least
much of it we believed ourselves at the time. It all helped to keep
the men going and prevent sudden panic with the countryfolk. It is
difficult to say whether we did wrong.
By 8 A.M. on the Thursday the retiring columns were well on their way
beyond St. Quentin. The First Corps, during the eventful Wednesday,
had also been steadily retiring, and had had comparatively little
fighting to do. The condition of the troops will be remembered.
About half an hour later the rear-guard reached St. Quentin. The
batteries marched in, watered their horses in the square, and marched
out again immediately, the infantry covering them outside the town.
It was a little curious in St. Quentin--the attitude of the
inhabitants. No one seemed to take any interest in the British
movements, and certainly no one appeared to bother himself one atom
about the German approach. St. Quentin is a big garrison town, with
fine open places and streets, excellent shops and stately buildings,
and the wealth of the place must be great. Yet there was never a hint
of an exodus, and the people accepted the whole situation with
astonishing sang-froid. I believe that when the Germans did arrive, a
little later in the day, they surrounded the town and marched in from
all sides at once, to find their triumphant entry opposed by--one
British soldier. This man had got lost or left behind in a house, and
now turned out with his rifle to defend the town. The German division
had to open fire with a machine-gun upon the gallant lad before he
fell, face to the enemy, riddled with bullets. The war can have
witnessed few more remarkable episodes.
The fact that the R.F.A. with the rearguard were able to continue their
retirement throughout the day without having to fire a round will show
how well the Second Corps had smashed the German attack.
It should also be recorded that on this Thursday and Friday the Force
had further help from the French. General Sordêt's cavalry continued
its excellent work in relieving the pressure on the left of the Second
Corps.
G.H.Q. had moved from St. Quentin on the Wednesday afternoon, and taken
up their abode at Noyon, a cathedral town about 30 miles farther south.
Here, again, no one seemed to have the slightest inkling of impending
danger, and the business of the town was being carried on as usual.
The mayor certainly posted a proclamation imploring the "citoyens" to
remain calm and to pay no heed to rumours, and the citoyens obeyed by
wondering why M. le maire should have so put himself about as to issue
such a notice.
That was on the Thursday. But on the Friday the citoyens received
something of a shock. A number of British regiments marched through in
broad daylight, and it was now plainly to be seen that something very
serious was happening. After the first gasp of astonishment and utter
incredulity, the people stood by the road in dead silence with tears of
pity running down their cheeks. So long as I live I can never forget
that scene, the intense drama of it, the tragedy, and the glory of
achievement which shone radiantly forth.
The remnants of three gallant regiments we watched go by, and we could
look no longer. There is no need to say which they were, for they were
but typical of all the other regiments in the Force that day. Again
there were but a poor 200 men left of each 1,000. Officers and men
alike in their pitiable destitution. Barefooted, or shifts of bandages
round their swollen feet; torn breeches, cut short like football
knickers. Great bearded men they were, with the grime and dust of five
terrible days' incessant fighting and marching upon them; but in their
eyes the unquenchable light of their native pluck and steadfastness.
There was no trace of defeat there, only the hungry, dazed look of men
who long for a little sleep before they turn once more to crash their
way into an enemy's ranks.
It is not such things as these that our people at home are told, and so
I set them down. Tales of gallant deeds in the fighting-line they have
now in plenty, but the great human side of this bloody war is passed
over in discreet silence. England knows nothing of the meaning of
modern war; she has not suffered invasion, save from the predatory
attacks of aircraft. Her sons are fighting for her, and the knowledge
thrills our womenfolk; but of the conditions under which they have
fought, and of the appalling sufferings of tortured Belgium and France
and Poland and Serbia, they are hopelessly ignorant. If but a tenth
part were thoroughly realised there would be one mighty irresistible
cry from the heart of the civilised world:
"Stand at nothing to finish this war at once, and it shall be the last!"
There are no such things as neutral nations. If a nation refuses to be
enrolled for Civilisation, then it is fighting by the side of the
obscene Horror which has plunged Europe into this carnival of blood and
misery.
On the Friday afternoon some of us learned from a wounded French lancer
that the German centre had been badly smashed and was actually retiring
from St. Quentin, owing to a French counter-offensive; also some of our
cavalry had been doing specially good work south of that town. The 3rd
Cavalry Brigade broke and beat back the Prussian Guard and another
cavalry regiment, and the 5th Cavalry Brigade had a similar success
with other German cavalry.
In the meantime G.H.Q. had removed still farther south to Compiègne,
and occupied Napoleon's magnificent palace, or a wing of it.
It had been intended to give the Force a really good rest when they
reached the River Oise on the Friday night. By that time the British
line (both Corps) ran along the river from La Fère to Noyon. But it
was, after all, little more than five or six hours which could be
spared; many of the regiments and batteries did not even get that brief
respite. "Keep moving" was still the order of the day.
But for the fortunate it was a glimpse of Paradise. It meant, above
all else, a proper all-over wash and a clean shirt, even though you had
to wash it yourself. It meant the luxury of a shave, if you could
manage to get hold of anything in the shape of a razor. There was a
square meal served out, and there were two or three hours of blessed
sleep, when you lay with next to nothing on (for your shirt was drying)
under a shady tree. It was all little enough, and, truth to tell, most
of the men could only turn out of the ranks to fall straight into the
sleep of utter exhaustion, a sleep of the clock round had it been
allowed.
Tobacco in those days was a luxury, and it was needed most. Now there
is a regular weekly ration, and in addition kind friends at home see
that the supply of cigarettes does not fail. But in the Retreat the
usual substitute was dried tea-leaves rolled in the parchment paper of
the emergency ration. Tea-leaves are very nasty to smoke, but I am not
sure that they are so nasty as brown paper or the seat of a
cane-bottomed chair; and I have tried them all.
The men's equipment, too, was a constant source of trouble. They would
throw away their greatcoats and packs, anything to march as lightly as
possible. The Germans must have had a fine haul, and there were
several occasions when they dressed up their infantry companies in
British greatcoats and caps, and got well up to our lines before their
identity was discovered.
And that reminds me that in Noyon we caught a German spy wearing no
fewer than three different uniforms. First, a French; over it a
Belgian; and on top of these a khaki greatcoat with cap. It was a very
hot day, and the man's obvious discomfort was the first thing to give
him away. It did not take ten minutes to settle that little affair.
By the time the two corps joined up again the refugee problem had
become really serious. All the way back the army of unfortunates had
been steadily growing larger, and it was but natural that they should
hang on to the skirts of the Force for protection. How many of the
poor women and little children died of exposure and exhaustion, it is
impossible to tell. Our men were themselves badly off for food, but,
needless to say, they were always eager to share their emergency
rations with those who had nothing at all save what could be garnered
in wayside village or cottage.
Rules about commandeering are most rigid; nothing must be taken without
payment, or at least a voucher. I remember one C.O. buying a couple of
fruit trees for his unit. But it went to the men's hearts to leave
behind them tender chickens and toothsome bunnies, even though there
was no chance of cooking them, to be snapped up by Germans with no such
qualms of conscience.
Yet, to give the Germans credit, they did, in many cases, give written
receipts for provisions when it was a question of an odd duck or bale
of hay; but when a house was properly ransacked the receipt given more
usually bore the signature of that redoubtable warrior, Herr von
Koepenick. It was one of the very few occasions when they showed a
sense of humour, if one can call it so.
Amongst those fortunate regiments which had been able to snatch the few
hours' rest there was a very general, and a very natural, impression
that a definite stand was now going to be made. The position was a
good one, and it was also confidently expected that more divisions were
being hurried out from England as fast as ship and train could bring
them.
Perhaps, under other circumstances, the stand might indeed have been
made. But what we did not know was that the main French Armies away to
the east were being dealt a series of such smashing blows by the
Germans that they were retiring almost more quickly than we were.
Although we are concerned here solely with the fortunes of the British
Force, yet it must be remembered that the fighting on the west was only
a small part of the general engagement, and that the Force had
necessarily to conform with the main strategical idea. The capture of
Paris would have been of incalculable moral value to the Germans. They
recognised this, and therefore made that special bid for it. But the
triumphant entry into Paris would have possessed no _real_ value so
long as the French and British Armies were still "in being." Just as,
later, the capture of Warsaw was of little real value (save as a
strategic centre), because the Russian Armies had escaped.
The position, then, on Saturday morning, the 29th, was:
(_a_) The Force was retiring, not too severely pressed by the enemy,
but with continuous rear-guard actions.
(_b_) Two new French Armies (the 6th and 7th) were coming into position
on our left, by Amiens and Roye.
(_c_) On our immediate right was the 5th French Army, the one which had
suffered so badly after the fall of Namur.
(_d_) Generally, the French forces on the east were being steadily
pushed back by the very strong enemy advance.
On that morning the Commander-in-Chief received a visit from General
Joffre, and this is what took place. I quote from Sir John French's
second dispatch:
"I strongly represented my position to the French Commander-in-Chief,
who was most kind, cordial and sympathetic, as he has always been. He
told me that he had directed the 5th French Army on the Oise to move
forward and attack the Germans on the Somme with a view to checking
pursuit.
"I finally arranged with General Joffre to effect a further short
retirement towards the line Compiègne--Soissons, promising him,
however, to do my utmost to keep always within a day's march of him."
It may be noted here (although, of course, we did not know it till much
later) that, owing to the German advance on the west, Le Havre was
evacuated as the British base, and the organisation, stores, hospitals
and everything, were rushed at half a day's notice right down to St.
Nazaire, at the mouth of the River Loire. It was an amusing episode in
the war, and quite a happy little yarn it would make; "but that is
another story," as Kipling says.
On the Saturday evening the Force was got on the move again, heartened
and not a little refreshed. The country-side now was as lovely as any
district in France. Gentle, undulating downs, crowned by the beautiful
forest of Ligues, and besprinkled with dainty little villages and
stately châteaux. If these lines should chance to be read by the mayor
and mayoress of a certain little village hard by Compiègne, I would beg
them to believe that the officer whom they so graciously entertained
for those brief hours remembers their kindness with the deepest
gratitude, and records the day as one of the most perfect he has ever
spent. Officers and men made so many good friends even during those
crowded hours of life, only to realise with heartfelt sorrow that
perhaps half a day later their kindly hosts must have been engulfed by
the tide of invasion.
I vividly recall how curious seemed that order to go on retiring when,
from all accounts, the German centre had the previous day been so badly
beaten. Madame's instincts, when the order came, were only too
correct. She guessed the truth; we continued our trek hopelessly blind
to the real facts.