Some of the cheap workers, whose wages are minimized almost to
starvation point, so that honesty becomes morally impossible, have to
deposit a certain sum of money, or to procure two householders to act
as security for the faithful return of the work given out to them.
3. The inexpensive, consisting of--
_a._ Those who can live upon less; as single men, foreigners,
Irishmen, women, &c.
_b._ Those who derive their subsistence from other sources; as Wives,
Children, Paupers, Prisoners, Inmates of Asylums, Prostitutes, and
Amateurs (or those who work at a business merely for pocket-money).
_c._ Those who are in receipt of some pecuniary or other aid; as
Pensioners, Allottees of land, and such as have out-door relief from
the workhouse.
II. _Auxiliaries_, or those engaged in promoting the enrichment and
distributing the riches of the community.
A. PROMOTERS OF PRODUCTION.
1. Employers, or those who find the materials, implements, and
appurtenances for the work, and pay the wages of the workmen.
_a._ Administrative Employers, or those who supply wholesale or retail
dealers. These are subdivisible into--
i. Standard Employers, or those who work at the regular standard
prices of the trade.
ii. “Cutting” Employers, or those who work at less than the regular
prices of the trade; as Contractors, &c.
_b._ Executive Employers, or those who work directly for the public
without the intervention of a wholesale or retail dealer; as Builders,
&c.
_c._ Distributive Employers, or those who are both producers and retail
traders.
i. Those who retail what they produce; as Tailors, Shoemakers, Bakers,
Eating-house Keepers, Street Mechanics, &c.
ii. Those who retail other things (generally provisions), and compel
or expect the men in their employ to deal with them for those
articles, as the Truck-Masters and others.
iii. Those who retail the appurtenances of the trade to which they
belong, and compel or expect the men in their employ to purchase such
appurtenances of them; as trimmings in the tailors’ trade, thread
among the seamstresses, and the like.
_d._ Middlemen Employers, or those who act between the employer and the
employed, obtaining work from employers, and employing others to do it;
as Sub-contractors, Sweaters, &c. These consist of--
i. Trade-working Employers, or those who make up goods for other
employers in the trade.
ii. Garret-masters, or those who make up goods for the trade on the
smallest amount of capital, and generally on speculation.
iii. Trading Operative Employers, or those who obtain work in
considerable quantities, and employ others at reduced wages to assist
them in it; as “Sweaters,” “Seconders,” &c. These are either--
α. Piece Masters; as those who take out a certain piece of work and
employ others to help them at reduced wages.
β. “Lumper” Employers, or those who contract to do the work by the
lump, which is usually paid for by the piece, and employ others at
reduced wages in order to complete it.
⁂ Employers are known among operatives as “honourable” or
“dishonourable,” according as the wages they pay are those, or less
than those, of the Trade Society.
2. Superintendents, or those who look after the workmen on behalf of
employers.
_a._ Managers.
_b._ Clerks of the Works.
_c._ Foremen.
_d._ Overlookers.
_e._ Tellers and Meters, or those who take note of the number and
quantity of the articles delivered.
_f._ Provers, or those whose duty it is to examine the quality or
weight of the articles delivered.
_g._ Timekeepers, or those who note the time of the operatives coming
to and quitting labour.
_h._ Gatekeepers, or those who see that no goods are taken out.
_i._ Clerks, or those who keep accounts of all sales and purchases,
incomings, and outgoings of the business.
_j._ Pay Clerks, or those who pay the workmen their wages.
3. Labourers.
_a._ Acting as motive powers.
i. Turning wheels, working pumps, blowing bellows.
ii. Wheeling, dragging, pulling, or hoisting loads.
iii. Shifting (scenes), or turning (corn).
iv. Carrying (bricks, as hodmen).
v. Driving (piles), ramming down (stones, as paviours).
vi. Pressing (as fruit, for juice; seeds, for oil).
_b._ Uniting or putting one thing to another.
i. Feeding (furnace), laying-on (as for printing machines).
ii. Filling (as “fillers-in” of sieves at dust-yards).
iii. Oiling (engines), greasing (railway wheels), pitching or tarring
(vessels), pasting paper (for bags).
iv. Mixing (mortar), kneading (clay).
v. Tying up (plants and bunches of vegetables).
vi. Folding (printed sheets).
vii. Corking (bottles), or caulking (ships).
_c._ Separating one thing from another.
i. Sifting (cinders), screening (coals).
ii. Picking (fruit, hops, &c.), shelling (peas), peeling, barking, and
threshing.
iii. Winnowing.
iv. Weeding and stoning.
v. Reaping and mowing.
vi. Felling, lopping, hewing, chopping (as fire-wood), cutting (as
chaff), shearing (sheep).
vii. Sawing.
viii. Blasting.
ix. Breaking (stones), crushing (bones and ores), pounding (drugs).
x. Scouring (as sand from castings), scraping (ships).
_d._ Excavating, sinking, and embanking.
i. Tunnelling.
ii. Sinking foundations.
iii. Boring.
iv. Draining, trenching, ditching, and hedging.
v. Embanking.
vi. Road-making, cutting.
B. DISTRIBUTORS OF PRODUCTION.
1. Dealers, or those who are engaged in the buying and selling of
commodities on their own account.
_a._ Merchants or Importers, and Exporters.
_b._ Wholesale Traders.
_c._ Retail Traders.
_d._ Contracting Purveyors, or those who supply goods by agreement.
_e._ Contractors for work or repairs; as Road Contractors, and others.
_f._ Contractors for privileges, as the right of Printing the
Catalogue of the Great Exhibition, or selling refreshments at Railway
Stations, &c.
_g._ Farmers of revenues from dues, tolls, &c.
_h._ Itinerants, or those who seek out the Customers, instead of the
Customers seeking out them.
i. Hawkers, or those who cry their goods.
ii. Pedlars, or those who carry their goods round.
2. Agents, or those who are engaged in the buying or selling of
commodities for others, as Land Agents, House and Estate Agents,
Colonial and East India Agents, &c., &c.
_a._ Supercargoes.
_b._ Factors, or Consignees.
_c._ Brokers, Bill, Stock, Share, Ship, Sugar, Cotton, &c.
_d._ Commission Salesmen, or Unlicensed Brokers.
_e._ Buyers, or those who purchase materials or goods for
Manufacturers, or Dealers.
_f._ Auctioneers, or those who sell goods on Commission to the highest
bidder.
3. Lenders and Lettors-out, or those who receive a certain sum for the
loan or use of a thing.
_a._ Lenders or Lettors-out of commodities, as--
i. Job-horses, carriages, chairs and seats in parks, gardens, &c.
ii. Plate, linen, furniture, piano-fortes, flowers, fancy dresses,
Court suits, &c.
iii. Books, newspapers, prints, and music.
_b._ Lettors-out of tenements and storage room, as--
i. Houses.
ii. Lodgings.
iii. Warehouse-room for imports, &c., as at wharfs.
iv. Warehouse-room for furniture and other goods.
_c._ Lenders of money, as--
i. Mortgagees.
ii. Bankers.
iii. Bill-discounters.
iv. Loan offices with and without policies of assurance.
v. Building and investment societies.
vi. Pawnbrokers.
vii. Dolly shopmen.
⁂ The several modes of distributing goods or money are--
1. By private contract or agreement.
2. By a fixed or ticketed price.
3. By competition, as at Auctions.
4. By games of chance, as Lotteries (with the “Art Union”), Raffles
(at Fancy Fairs), Tossing (with piemen and others), Prizes for skill
(with throwing sticks, &c.), Betting, Racing, &c.
The places at which goods are distributed are--
1. Fairs, or annual gatherings of buyers and sellers.
2. Markets, or weekly gatherings of buyers and sellers.
3. Exchanges, or daily gatherings of merchants and agents.
4. Counting-houses, or the places of business of wholesale traders.
5. Shops, or the places of business of retail traders.
6. Bazaars, or congregations of shops.
4. Trade Assistants.
_a._ Shopmen and Warehousemen.
_b._ Shopwalkers.
_c._ Cashiers or Receivers.
_d._ Clerks.
_e._ Accountants.
_f._ Rent-Collectors.
_g._ Debt-collectors.
_h._ Travellers, Town as well as Commercial.
_i._ Touters.
_j._ Barkers (outside shops).
_k._ Bill deliverers.
_l._ Bill-stickers.
_m._ Boardmen.
_n._ Advertizing-van Men.
5. Carriers.
_a._ Those engaged in the external transit of the Kingdom.
i. Mercantile Sailing Vessels.
ii. Mercantile Steam Vessels.
_b._ Those engaged in the internal Transit of the Kingdom.
i. Those engaged in the coasting trade from port to port.
ii. Those engaged in carrying inland from town to town, as--
α. Those connected with land carriage; as railroad men, stage
coachmen, mail coachmen, and mail cartmen, post boys, flymen,
waggoners, country carriers, and drovers.
β. Those connected with water carriage; as navigable river and canal
men, bargemen, towing men.
iii. Those engaged in carrying to and from different parts of the same
town by land and water.
α. Passengers; as Omnibus-men, Cabmen, Glass and Job Coachmen, Fly
Men, Excursion-van Men, Donkey-boys, Goat-carriage boys, Sedan and
Bath Chair Men, Guides.
β. Goods; as Waggoners, Draymen, Carters, Spring-Van Men, Truckmen,
Porters (ticketed and unticketed, and public and private men).
γ. Letters and Messages; as Messengers, Errand Boys, Telegraph Men,
and Postmen.
δ. Goods and Passengers by water; as Bargemen, Lightermen, Hoymen,
Watermen, River Steamboat Men.
_c._ Those engaged in the lading and unlading and the fitting of
vessels, as well the packing of goods.
i. Dock and wharf labourers.
ii. Coal whippers.
iii. Lumpers, or dischargers of timber ships.
iv. Timber porters and rafters.
v. Corn porters.
vi. Ballast heavers.
vii. Stevedores, or stowers.
viii. Riggers.
ix. Packers and pressers.
III. _Benefactors_, or those who confer some _permanent_ benefit by
promoting the physical, intellectual, or spiritual well-being of others.
A. EDUCATORS.
1. Professors.
2. Tutors.
3. Governesses.
4. Schoolmasters.
5. Ushers.
6. Teachers of Languages.
7. Teachers of Sciences.
8. Lecturers.
9. Teachers of “Accomplishments”; as Music, Singing, Dancing, Drawing,
Wax-Flower Modelling, &c.
10. Teachers of Exercises; as Gymnastics.
11. Teachers of Arts of Self-Defence; as Fencing, Boxing, &c.
12. Teachers of Trades and Professions.
B. CURATORS.
1. Corporeal.
_a._ Physicians.
_b._ Surgeons.
_c._ General Practitioners.
_d._ Homœopathists.
_e._ Hydropathists.
2. Spiritual.
_a._ Ministers of the Church of England.
_b._ Dissenting Ministers.
_c._ Catholic Ministers.
_d._ Missionaries.
_e._ Scripture Readers.
_f._ Sisters of Charity.
_g._ Visitants.
IV. _Servitors_, or those who render some _temporary_ service or
pleasure to others.
A. AMUSERS, or those who contribute to our entertainment.
1. Actors.
2. Reciters.
3. Improvisers.
4. Singers.
5. Musicians.
6. Dancers.
7. Riders, or Equestrian Performers.
8. Fencers and Pugilists.
9. Conjurers.
10. Posturers.
11. Equilibrists.
12. Tumblers.
13. Exhibitors or Showmen.
_a._ Of Curiosities.
_b._ Of Monstrosities.
B. PROTECTORS, or those who contribute to our security against injury.
1. Legislative.
_a._ The Sovereign.
_b._ The Members of the House of Lords.
_c._ The Members of the House of Commons.
2. Judicial.
_a._ The Judges in Chancery, Queen’s Bench, Common Pleas, Exchequer,
Ecclesiastical, Admiralty, and Criminal Courts.
_b._ Masters in Chancery, Commissioners of the Bankruptcy, Insolvent
Debtors, Sheriffs, and County Courts, Magistrates, Justices of the
Peace, Recorders, Coroners, Revising Barristers.
_c._ Barristers, Pleaders, Conveyancers, Attorneys, Proctors.
3. Administrative or Executive.
_a._ The Lords Commissioners of the Treasury; the Secretaries of
State for Home, Foreign, and Colonial Affairs; the Chancellor and
Comptroller of the Exchequer; the Privy Council, and the Privy Seal;
the Board of Trade, the Board of Control, and the Board of Health; the
Board of Inland Revenue, the Poor-Law Board, and the Board of Audit;
the Commissioners of Woods and Forests; the Ministers and Officials in
connection with the Army and Navy, the Post Office, and the Mint; the
Inspectors of Prisons, Factories, Railways, Workhouses, Schools, and
Lunatic Asylums; the Officers in connection with the Registration and
Statistical Departments; and the other Functionaries appertaining to
the _Government at home_.
_b._ The Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary, Ministers Plenipotentiary,
Secretaries of Legation, Chargés d’Affaires, Consuls, and other
Ministers and Functionaries appertaining to the _Government abroad_.
_c._ The Governors and Commanders of British Colonies and Settlements.
_d._ The Lord Lieutenants, Custodes Rotulorum, High and Deputy
Sheriffs, High Bailiffs, High and Petty Constables, and other
Functionaries of _the Counties._
_e._ The Mayors, Aldermen, Common Councilmen, Chamberlains, Common
Sergeants, Treasurers, Auditors, Assessors, Inspectors of Weights
and Measures, and other Functionaries of _the Cities or incorporated
Towns_.
_f._ The Churchwardens, the Commissioners of Sewers and Paving, the
Select and Special Vestrymen, the Vestry Clerks, the Overseers or
Guardians of the Poor, the Relieving Officers, the Masters of the
Workhouses, the Beadles, and other _Parochial Functionaries_.
_g._ The Masters and Brethren of the Trinity Corporation, the Pier
and Harbour Masters, Conservators of Rivers, and other Functionaries
connected with Navigation, and the Trustees and Commissioners in
connection with the Public Roads.
_h._ The Naval and Military Powers; as the Army, Navy, Marines,
Militia, and Yeomanry.
_i._ The Civil Forces; as Policemen, Patrole, and Private Watchmen.
_j._ Sheriffs’ Officers, Bailiffs’ Followers, Sponging-house Keepers.
_k._ Governors of Prisons, Jailers, Turnkeys, Officers on board the
Hulks and Transport Ships, Hangmen.
_l._ The Fiscal Forces; as the Coast Guard, Custom-house Officers,
Excise Officers.
_m._ Collectors of Imposts; as Tax and Rate Collectors, Turnpike Men,
Toll Collectors of Bridges and Markets, Collectors of Pier and Harbour
dues, and Light, Buoy, and Beacon dues.
_n._ Guardians of special localities; as Rangers, and Park-keepers,
Arcade-keepers, Street-keepers, Square-keepers, Bazaar-keepers, Gate
and Lodge-keepers, Empty-house-keepers.
_o._ Conservators; as Curators of Museums, Librarians, Storekeepers,
and others.
_p._ Protective Associations; as Insurance Companies against Loss by
fire, shipwreck, storms, railway accidents, death of cattle, Life
Assurance Societies, Provident or Benefit Clubs, Guarantee Societies,
Trade Protection Societies, Fire Brigade and Fire-escape Men, Humane
Society Men, and Officers of the Societies for the Suppression of
Mendicity, Vice, and cruelty to Animals.
SERVANTS, or those who contribute to our comfort or convenience by the
performance of certain offices for us.
1. Private Servants, regularly engaged.
_a._ Stewards.
_b._ Farm Bailiffs.
_c._ Secretaries.
_d._ Amanuenses.
_e._ Companions.
_f._ Butlers.
_g._ Valets.
_h._ Footmen, Pages, and Hall Porters.
_i._ Coachmen, Grooms, “Tigers,” and Helpers at Stables.
_j._ Huntsmen and Whippers-in.
_k._ Kennelmen.
_l._ Gamekeepers.
_m._ Gardeners.
_n._ Housekeepers.
_o._ Ladies’ Maids.
_p._ Nursery Maids and Wet Nurses.
_q._ House Maids and Parlour Maids.
_r._ Cooks and Scullery Maids.
_s._ Dairy Maids.
_t._ Maids of all work.
2. Private Servants temporarily engaged.
_a._ Couriers.
_b._ Interpreters.
_c._ Monthly Nurses and Invalid Nurses.
_d._ Waiters at Parties.
_e._ Charwomen.
_f._ Knife, boot, window, and paint Cleaners, Pot scourers, Carpet
beaters.
3. Public Servants.
_a._ Waiters at hotels and public gardens.
_b._ Masters of the Ceremonies.
_c._ Chamber-Maids.
_d._ Boots.
_e._ Ostlers.
_f._ Job Coachmen.
_g._ Post-boys.
_h._ Washerwomen.
_i._ Dustmen.
_j._ Sweeps.
_k._ Scavengers.
_l._ Nightmen.
_m._ Flushermen.
_n._ Turncocks.
_o._ Lamplighters.
_p._ Horse Holders.
_q._ Crossing Sweepers.
THOSE WHO CANNOT WORK.
V. _Those that are provided for by some Public Institution._
A. THE INMATES OF WORKHOUSES.
B. THE INMATES OF PRISONS.
1. Debtors.
2. Criminals (Some of these, however, are made to work by the
authorities).
C. THE INMATES OF HOSPITALS.
1. The Sick.
2. The Insane; as Lunatics and Idiots.
3. Veterans; as Greenwich and Chelsea Hospital men.
4. The Deserted Young; as the Foundling Hospital children.
D. THE INMATES OF ASYLUMS AND ALMSHOUSES.
1. The Afflicted; as the Deaf, and Dumb, and Blind.
2. The Destitute Young; as Orphans.
3. The Decayed Members of the several Trades or Sects.
_a._ Trade and Provident Asylums and Almshouses.
_b._ Sectarian Asylums and Almshouses--as for aged Jews, Widows of
Clergymen, &c.
E. THE INMATES OF THE SEVERAL REFUGES AND DORMITORIES FOR THE HOUSELESS
AND DESTITUTE.
VI. _Those who are Unprovided for._
A. THOSE WHO ARE INCAPACITATED FROM WANT OF POWER.
1. Owing to their Age.
_a._ The Old.
_b._ The Young.
2. Owing to some Bodily Ailment.
_a._ The Sick.
_b._ The Crippled.
_c._ The Maimed.
_d._ The Paralyzed.
_e._ The Blind.
3. Owing to some Mental Infirmity.
_a._ The Insane.
_b._ The Idiotic.
_c._ The Untaught, or those who have never been brought up to any
industrial occupation; as Widows and those who have “seen better
days.”
B. THOSE WHO ARE INCAPACITATED FROM WANT OF MEANS.
1. Having no tools; as is often the case with distressed carpenters.
2. Having no clothes; as servants when long out of a situation.
3. Having no stock-money; as impoverished street-sellers.
4. Having no materials; as the “used-up” garret or chamber masters in
the boot and shoe or cabinet-making trade.
5. Having no place wherein to work; as when those who pursue their
calling at home are forced to become the inmates of a nightly
lodging-house.
C. THOSE WHO ARE INCAPACITATED FROM WANT OF EMPLOYMENT.
1. Owing to a glut or stagnation in business; as among the
cotton-spinners, the iron-workers, the railway-navigators, and the
like.
2. Owing to a change in fashion; as in the button-making trade.
3. Owing to the introduction of machinery; as among the sawyers,
hand-loom weavers, pillow-lace makers, threshers, and others.
4. Owing to the advent of the slack season; as among the tailors and
mantua-makers, and drawn-bonnet-makers.
5. Owing to the continuance of unfavourable weather.
_a._ From the prevalence of rain; as street-sellers, and others.
_b._ From the prevalence of easterly winds; as dock-labourers.
6. Owing to the approach of winter; as among the builders, brickmakers,
market-gardeners, harvest-men.
7. Owing to the loss of character.
_a._ Culpably; from intemperate habits, or misconduct of some kind.
_b._ Accidentally; as when a servant’s late master goes abroad, and a
written testimonial is objected to.
THOSE WHO WILL NOT WORK.
VII. _Vagrants or Tramps._
Under this head is included all that multifarious tribe of “sturdy
rogues,” who ramble across the country during the summer, sleeping
at the “casual wards” of the workhouses, and who return to London in
the winter to avail themselves of the gratuitous lodgings and food
attainable at the several metropolitan refuges.
VIII. _Professional Beggars and their Dependents._
A. NAVAL AND MILITARY BEGGARS.
1. Turnpike Sailors.
2. Spanish Legion Men, &c.
3. Veterans.
B. “DISTRESSED-OPERATIVE” BEGGARS.
1. Pretended Starved-out Manufacturers, as the Nottingham “Driz” or
Lace-Men.
2. Pretended Unemployed Agriculturists.
3. Pretended Frozen-out Gardeners.
4. Pretended Hand-loom Weavers, and others deprived of their living by
Machinery.
C. “RESPECTABLE” BEGGARS.
1. Pretended Broken-down Tradesmen, or Decayed Gentlemen.
2. Pretended Distressed Ushers, unable to take situation for want of
clothes.
3. “Clean-Family Beggars” with children in very white pinafores, their
faces newly washed, and their hair carefully brushed.
4. Ashamed Beggars, or those who “stand pad with a fakement” (remain
stationary, holding a written placard), and pretend to hide their
faces.
D. “DISASTER” BEGGARS.
1. Shipwrecked Mariners.
2. Blown-up Miners.
3. Burnt-out Tradesmen.
4. Lucifer Droppers.
E. BODILY AFFLICTED BEGGARS.
1. Having real or pretended sores, vulgarly known as the “scaldrum
dodge.”
2. Having swollen legs.
3. Being crippled, deformed, maimed, or paralyzed.
4. Being blind.
5. Being subject to fits.
6. Being in a decline, and appearing with bandages round the head.
7. “Shallow coves,” or those who exhibit themselves in the streets
half clad, especially in cold weather.
F. FAMISHED BEGGARS.
1. Those who chalk on the pavement, “I am starving.”
2. Those who “stand pad” with a small piece of paper similarly
inscribed.
G. FOREIGN BEGGARS.
1. Frenchmen who stop passengers in the street and request to know if
they can speak French, previous to presenting a written statement of
their distress.
2. Pretended Destitute Poles.
3. Hindoos and Negroes, who stand shivering by the kerb.
H. PETTY TRADING BEGGARS.
1. Tract sellers.
2. Sellers of lucifers, boot-laces, cabbage-nets, tapes, and cottons.
⁂ The several varieties of beggars admit of being sub-divided into--
_a._ Patterers, or those who beg on the “blob,” that is, by word of
mouth.
_b._ Screevers, or those who beg by screeving, that is, by written
documents, setting forth imaginary cases of distress, such documents
being either--
i. “Slums” (letters).
ii. “Fakements” (petitions).
I. THE DEPENDENTS OF BEGGARS.
1. Screevers Proper, or the writers of slums and fakements for those
who beg by screeving.
2. Referees, or those who give characters to professional beggars when
a reference is required.
IX. _Cheats and their Dependents._
A. THOSE WHO CHEAT THE GOVERNMENT.
1. Smugglers defrauding the Customs.
2. “Jiggers” defrauding the Excise by working illicit stills, and the
like.
B. THOSE WHO CHEAT THE PUBLIC.
1. Swindlers, defrauding those of whom they buy.
2. “Duffers” and “horse-chaunters,” defrauding those to whom they sell.
3. “Charley-pitchers” and other low gamblers, defrauding those with
whom they play.
4. “Bouncers and Besters” defrauding, by laying wagers, swaggering, or
using threats.
5. “Flatcatchers,” defrauding by pretending to find some valuable
article--as Fawney or Ring-Droppers.
6. Bubble-Men, defrauding by instituting pretended companies--as Sham
Next-of-Kin-Societies, Assurance and Annuity Offices, Benefit Clubs,
and the like.
7. Douceur-Men, defrauding by offering for a certain sum to confer
some boon upon a person as--
_a._ To procure Government Situations for laymen, or benefices for
clergymen.
_b._ To provide Servants with Places.
_c._ To teach some lucrative occupation.
_d._ To put persons in possession of some information “to their
advantage.”
8. Deposit-Men, defrauding by obtaining a certain sum as security for
future work or some promised place of trust.
C. THE DEPENDENTS OF CHEATS ARE--
1. “Jollies,” and “Magsmen,” or accomplices of the “Bouncers and
Besters.”
2. “Bonnets,” or accomplices of Gamblers.
3. Referees, or those who give false characters to swindlers and
others.
X. _Thieves and their Dependents._
A. THOSE WHO PLUNDER WITH VIOLENCE.
1. “Cracksmen”--as Housebreakers and Burglars.
2. “Rampsmen,” or Footpads.
3. “Bludgers,” or Stick-slingers, plundering in company with
prostitutes.
B. THOSE WHO “HOCUS,” OR PLUNDER THEIR VICTIMS WHEN STUPIFIED.
1. “Drummers,” or those who render people insensible.
_a._ By handkerchiefs steeped in chloroform.
_b._ By drugs poured into liquor.
2. “Bug-hunters,” or those who go round to the public-houses and
plunder drunken men.
C. THOSE WHO PLUNDER BY MANUAL DEXTERITY, BY STEALTH, OR BY BREACH OF
TRUST.
1. “Mobsmen,” or those who plunder by manual dexterity--as the
“light-fingered gentry.”
_a._ “Buzzers,” or those who abstract handkerchiefs and other articles
from gentlemen’s pockets.
i. “Stook-buzzers,” those who steal handkerchiefs.