THE ENGLISH PRISON SYSTEM
[Illustration]
MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited
LONDON . BOMBAY . CALCUTTA . MADRAS
MELBOURNE
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
NEW YORK . BOSTON . CHICAGO
DALLAS . SAN FRANCISCO
THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd.
TORONTO
THE
ENGLISH PRISON
SYSTEM
BY
Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise, K.C.B.
CHAIRMAN OF THE PRISON COMMISSION FOR
ENGLAND AND WALES
AND
PRESIDENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL PRISON COMMISSION
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON
1921
_COPYRIGHT_
LIST OF CHAPTERS.
PAGE.
Preface i
CHAPTER.
I. The Meaning of Prison Reform 1
II. The Prison Commission: Offences, and Punishments 18
III. The History of Penal Servitude 23
IV. Penal Servitude to-day 39
V. Preventive Detention 49
VI. Imprisonment 59
VII. The Inquiry of 1894: the Prison Act, 1898: and
the Criminal Justice Administration Act, 1914. 75
VIII. The Borstal System 85
IX. The Handmaids of the Prison System--(1) The
Children Act, 1898; (2) The Probation Act,
1907. 101
X. Female Offenders 114
XI. Educative, Moral, and Religious Influences in
Prison 124
XII. Labour in English Prisons 131
XIII. (1) Vagrancy; (2) Inebriety 142
XIV. "Patronage" or Aid to Discharged Prisoners:
its effect on Recidivism 164
XV. The Medical Service 185
XVI. A Criminological Inquiry in English Prisons 198
XVII. (a) A Short Sketch of the Movement of Crime
since 1872: (b) The War, 1914-18. 216
Appendix:--(a) Regulations &c., for Borstal
Institutions 231
(b) Regulations for Preventive
Detention Prisons 265
Index 268
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
Preface i
CHAPTER I.--THE MEANING OF "PRISON REFORM." 1
"Prison Reform"--a phrase of many meanings. The aim of the
modern prison administration. The prison population. Influences
operating for "reform" in prisons--religious services, visitation,
education, lectures and addresses, summary of weekly news of the
world, &c. No 'law of silence' strictly so-called: talking exercise in
prisons, &c. Non-criminal persons committed under special legislation
during the war--the prison system not intended for such. Officers of
prisons and their power of influence for good. The special categories of
the Borstal lad, and the 'habitual offender' at Camp Hill. The three
directions along which 'prison reform' might proceed,--the organization
and development of Probation: the extension of the principle of
Preventive Detention to the Penal Servitude system: the co-ordination
of preventive efforts.