In 1893 I saw a guide who had both feet frost-bitten, all the toes were

gangrenous, and Melchior Anderegg, kindest of nurses, was applying the

dressings, muttering “schlecht, schlecht!” A climber with his two guides

had been exposed during one night in snow. Of the three, this guide

was the only one who suffered frost-bite. He wore new boots, which I

inspected, and found the tongues not sewn to the upper leathers; also

he used no gaiters or other appliance to keep the snow out of his boots.

Neither did he put his feet in the rücksack as did the others. His boots

were simply converted into bags of ice.

In the year 1894 I saw a case of frost-bitten fingers in the Dauphiné

which was due to violation of every wise law. There, too, I came across

an accident rather unusual in mountain experience. A guide was struck in

the mouth while ascending an ice-slope by the iron-shod heel of the man

above, who slipped from his step. Two caravans were together too closely,

and the leading guide of the second party suffered in consequence. His

tongue was badly torn, and I had to put in several stitches.

There is a quantity of good literature about Alpine accidents, and their

causes and prevention. What is done in this way for the scaffolder? What

training has he corresponding to that of the mountaineer? The fault did

not lie in the least with my scaffolder’s employers, who are most careful

of their people; but that there are no definite plans of prevention among

the men themselves; no general rules of their craft such as obtain among

climbers. Now, if a bricklayer, when he takes bricks up a ladder, uses

the ancient hod which balances on the shoulder, it is not gripped by the

hand, and takes nothing from the prehensile power of the man. If anything

drops, it is the bricks, not the bricklayer; but his business nowadays is

rather with small buildings, for the larger buildings, with scaffoldings,

which are quite works of art, do not require the carrying of the hod, but

take their weights up by pulleys to platforms above.

The way in which the Alpine Club have met the risks of the mountains is

interesting as showing how intelligent men deal with danger, and should

make us hopeful that in the future we shall deal with many of the risks

which workmen incur in their less dangerous avocations.

As to accidents in general, we are too military altogether; in our

attitude with regard to them, we seem to expect to give and take

injuries. Ambulance lectures are organized all over the country which

teach wise plans of first aid to the injured. This is very good and

helpful, but if, with this teaching, were combined methods, thoughtfully

planned and taught, of prevention of accidents, especially those common

or peculiar to the occupations of the districts, these lectures might be

made most valuable means of spreading useful knowledge.

Notification and collective investigation, as in infectious diseases,

would soon put a check to many common accidents in our villages,[3] and

we should reflect more on this subject because the progress of surgery

saves so many lives formerly regarded as hopelessly lost. The individuals

so saved are often mutilated, and no inquest being held on eyes or limbs,

the value of a public inquiry as to the accident is lost. Many are the

lives saved in our hospitals, many are the lives lost or maimed by our

ignorance and carelessness, for our plans of prevention have by no means

kept pace with our methods of cure.

The intelligent sportsman always leads the van, and invents new ways of

protecting himself; for example, those men who, being short-sighted, have

to shoot in spectacles, and wear shot-proof glasses, have rather gained

an advantage over the keen-sighted by this useful protection against

stray pellets.

It is obvious that forethought should extend to every sport and

occupation, especially when attended by danger, and with regard to

hunting a useful article has lately appeared on accidents in the hunting

field in reference to prevention, by Mr. Noble Smith.[4] It would be

well if this kind of formulated knowledge could extend and spread among

British workmen, especially agricultural labourers, whose awakened

intelligence has to deal with new machinery, making new accidents, into

the causes of which no methodical inquiry is ever made.

Let every young climber read Dr. Claude Wilson’s chapter on the dangers

of the mountains, as a thoughtful epitome on this important subject.

Climbing will not be less enjoyed by men possessing knowledge of the

dangers; and more successful expeditions are made by those who understand

such matters best, and look on their knowledge as an essential part of

the sport.

If, in spite of every care, an accident occurs of a minor kind, it will

often happen that an antiseptic pad and bandage ready in the rücksack

and skilfully applied will give confidence to the party, and prevent the

expedition from being a failure. Every man of the caravan in climbing

should have his little packet, there would thus be enough bandages

altogether to steady a sprain or a dislocation, or to deal even with a

broken limb.

A note should be kept of all casualties occurring in the cognizance of

the climber, so that comparing records of minor accidents may prevent

greater ones. The methodical yearly records of the _Alpine Journal_,

summed up now and then by able and experienced climbers like Mr. C. E.

Mathews, may prove of value, not only to mountaineers, but to mankind.

Twenty years ago Mr. Leslie Stephen wrote to the _Alpine Journal_, “I

hold that we can best promote Alpine Climbing by enforcing with all our

power a code of rules which will make it a reputable pursuit for sensible

men.” The pursuit needs no defence now. One man may be born a lover of

the mountains, another by climbing come to love them later; but as a

baby, boy, or man, he is always a climbing animal.

After forty, a climber is in the old age of his youth, and must not be

so reckless as to pace; his endurance and sure-footedness may be better,

but his elasticity is less, though there may be nothing to remind him

that “changeful time with hand severe” will make him soon those sports

forego which he still pursues with the enthusiasm of his youth. In the

most active party there is usually some one rather slower than the rest,

to remind us of that famous jest of Calverley, when toiling up a slope

with an eminent novelist,—“the labour we delight in physics Payn.” We can

scarcely compute how much the toils add to the pleasures, only of this

we may be assured, of what also is often found in life, that “to travel

hopefully is a better thing than to arrive, and the true success is to

labour.”

FOOTNOTES

[1] _Naturalist’s Voyage round the World._

[2] “A Country Doctor’s Ride,” from the _Lancet_, January, 1896.

[3] See _Preventive Surgery_. Deighton, Bell and Co.

[4] _Clinical Sketches_, 1895.

INDEX.

A

Abney, Captain, 13, 132.

Accidents, 145.

Acute angle in foot, 125, 127.

Adder, 3, 21.

Addenbrooke’s Hospital, 92.

Aiguille des Charmoz, 15.

Aiguille du Dru, 59, 86.

Aiguille du Géant, 13.

Aiguille Grise, 55.

Aiguille Blanche de Péteret, 54.

Aiguille Noire, 65.

Aletsch Glacier, 81, 82, 115.

_Alpine Journal_, 116, 166.

Alphubel Mountain, 105.

Amateurs, 119.

Ambulance lectures, 162.

Ankle joints, 120.

Andes, The Great, 73.

Andenmatten’s boots, 10.

Anderegg, Melchior, 3.

Aosta, 54, 99.

Arolla, 5, 91.

Avalanches, 88, 155.

Axe, 147, 152.

B

Badminton book, 133, 155.

Balance, 141.

Bâle, 92.

Balfour, Professor, 55.

Balloon, 74, 75.

Bayard statue, 25.

Beagle, Voyage of, 14, 135.

Bernese Oberland, 1, 21, 43, 81.

Bert, Paul, 74.

Bietschhorn, 8, 84.

Biner, 12, 53.

Bionnay, 89.

Birrenhorn, 3, 21, 116.

Blümlis-Alphorn, 23.

Boots, 10, 62, 159.

Bourcet, 41.

Bourg St. Pierre, 98.

Bouveret, 95.

Breuil, 99.

Bricklayer, 161.

Brieg, 71, 114.

Brocs, 25.

Brünig Pass, 68.

Byron, 111.

C

Calverley, 167.

_Cambridge Chronicle_, vii.

Canons at Hospice, 96.

Cantonal Hospital, 115.

Cast of snake, 3, 21.

Chamounix, 14, 61.

Challeret Hut, 27.

Châtillon, 54.

Cheval rouge, 39.

Chillon, 95.

Chimborazo, 73.

Coolidge, Mr., 41.

Col Durand, 47.

Col des Ecrins, 29.

Col du Lion, 10.

Col des Avalanches, 28.

Concordia Hut, 81, 82.

Constantia Hut, 47.

Conway, Sir Martin, 90.

Courmayeur, 54.

Couttet’s Hotel, 16.

Couvercle, 60.

Coxwell, 76.

Cretins, 99.

Crystalline rocks, 7.

D

Darwin, 14, 135.

Dauphiné, 19.

Deciduous trees, 5.

Dent Blanche, 48.

Dent, Mr. Clinton, 133.

Dogs of St. Bernard, 96.

Doldenhorn, 7.

Dom, 110.

Dru, Aiguille du, 86.

Drym, 152.

Durand, Col, 47.

E

Eagle, 29, 84.

Earthquake, 9.

Egger, 44.

Eggishorn, 81.

Emile Rey, 12, 55.

Erasmus, 92.

Eyre, Mr., 17, 113, 147.

Erratic boulders, 82.

Everest, Mt., 56.

F

Fatigue, 2, 167.

Fée, 53, 72, 112.

Fellows, Sir Charles, 74.

Ferpècle, 50.

Finsteraarhorn, 72.

Fly fishing, 22.

Föhn wind, 58, 69.

Frost-bite, 33, 62, 149, 159, 160.

Fry, Sir Edward, 89.

Furggen Joch, 10, 54.

G

Gabelhorn, 78.

Gangrene, 62.

Gaspard, 27.

Gauchos, 135.

Geneva, 87, 95.

Gemmi, 44.

Gendarme, 111.

Glacier, Gt. Aletsch, 81, 82, 111.

Glacier des Bossons, 59.

Glacier Blanc, 26.

Glacier de la Bonne Pierre, 29.

Glacier, Mer de Glace, 59.

Glacier de Talèfre, 60.

Glacier, Zinal, 44.

Goggles, 52, 152.

Gorner Glacier, 9, 45.

Grande Aiguille, 30.

Grand Plateau, 58.

Grands Mulets, 59.

Grenoble, 19, 25.

Grépon, 15.

Grimsel, 69.

Grindelwald, 83, 91.

Grund, Saas, 106.

Güssfeldt, Dr., 55.

Guttannen, 69.

H

Handeck Falls, 70.

Hari, Guide, 7, 24.

Hawes, Mr., 74.

Hazeline cream, 84.

Helix, 4.

Hod, Bricklayer’s, 161.

Holbein, 92.

Hospice, 96.

Hut, Concordia, 81.

Hut, Challeret, 27.

Hut, Mountet, 47.

Hut, Quintino Sella, 55.

Hut, Stockje, 49.

Hunting, 164.

I

Icebergs, 80.

Imseng, Xaver, 113.

Inquest, 163.

Italy, 54, 99.

J

Jardin, 60.

Jenner, Dr., 148.

Joch, Furggen, 10, 54.

Joch, Lys, 9.

Joch, Trift, 14, 79.

Jungfrau, 81.

Jura, 92.

K

Kalbermatten, Alois, 9, 76, 113, 131.

Kander, 4.

Kandersteg, 1, 19.

Karakoram, 90.

Knife, Use of, 147.

King, Sir Seymour, 55.

L

La Bérarde, 25, 30.

La Meije, 30, 35, 36.

La Grave, 30.

Lady Climber, 105.

Lantern, Lines to, 18.

Laquinhorn, 112.

Larches, 5.

Lämmergeyer, 29, 84.

Lange Fluh, 107.

Lauterbrunnen, 69, 83.

Liddes, 96.

Lightning, 152.

Limestone rocks, 7.

Lizards, 2.

Lötschen Thal, 8, 84.

Lötschen Lücke, 84.

Lucas, Mr., 53.

Lucerne, 68.

Lys Pass, 9.

M

Mahsir Fish, 22.

Maquignaz, 62.

Martigny, 96.

Märjelen See, 81, 115.

Marmot, 29.

Mathews, Mr. C. E., 166.

Matterhorn, 10, 76, 102.

Mattmark, 107.

Meije, 30, 35.

Meiringen, 69.

Mer de Glace, 59.

Mischabeljoch, 105.

Mischabel Hörner, 110.

Mont Blanc, 43, 54.

Monte Rosa, 9.

Mt. Everest, 56.

Montenvers, 59, 86.

Mummery, Mr., 10.

Myers, Mr. F. W. H., 85.

Mountet, 44, 47, 79.

N

Nadelhorn, 112.

Nettleship, Mr., 85.

Neuchâtel, 91.

O

Obergestelen, 71.

Ober Gabelhorn, 78.

Ober Oeschinen Alp, 23.

Observatory, 57.

Oubliette, 25.

Oeschinen See, 4.

Oeschinen Valley, 117.

P

Pasteur, 34.

Paracelsus, 92.

Perren, Peter, 131.

Petersgrat, 7.

Phœnix balloon, 75.

Pic Bourcet, 41.

Pic central, 33.

Pines, 5.

Plantigrade foot, 127.

Portjengrat, 109.

Pointe des Ecrins, 27.

Prehensile hand, 123.

Q

Quinbus Flestrin, 76.

Quintino Sella, 55.

R

Rats, 46.

Randa, 51.

Reese, Dr., 152.

Rey, Emile, 12.

Rhone Valley, 68.

Riding, balance, 137.

Ried, 8, 84.

Rieder Furka, 104.

Riederhorn, 114.

Riffel, 63.

Robinson, Dr. L., 121.

Rodier, Hippolyte, 27.

Rothhorn, 113.

Rowing, 120.

S

Saas, 106, 107.

Sallanches, 90.

Sampson, Miss, 14.

Scaffolders, 157.

Schönbühl rock, 48.

Schwarzsee, 54.

Schalliberg, 51.

Sheideck, 69.

Seiler, Mr. Alex., 53, 101.

Selden, 7.

Sella, 55.

Shot-proof glasses, 163.

Shoehorn rock, 131.

Sickness on mountains, 72.

Sierre, 85.

Sion, 85.

Smith, Albert, 42.

Snake’s slough, 3, 21.

Sowerby’s forest cantons, 5.

Sparrenhorn, 113.

Spikes in boots, 40.

Staffel Alp, 51, 103.

Stalden, 70.

St. Bernard, Gt., 96.

St. Gervais, 87, 89.

St. Theodule, 99.

St. Rémy, 98.

Stephen, Mr. Leslie, 166.

Stiffness after riding, 139.

Stockje hut, 49.

Südlenzspitze, 109, 110.

Sunburn, 84.

T

Tabaketti, 106.

Täsch Alp, 104.

Täschhorn, 52.

Tête Noire, 63, 85.

Tête Rousses, 89.

Tongue, Injury to, 25.

Trees, 5, 154.

Triftjoch, 14, 79.

Truffer, Joseph, 23.

Tschingellochtighorn, 2.

Turc, Joseph, 33.

Tyndall, 102.

Tyndallgrat, 12.

V

Val d’Aosta, 54, 99.

Val d’Anniviers, 44.

Valtournanche, 54, 99.

Vallot’s observatory, 57.

Viper, 3, 21.

Visp, 72, 114.

Vizille, 25.

Vomiting, 72.

W

Weisshorn, 51.

White, Gilbert, 4.

Whymper, 16, 73.

Wills, Mr. Justice, 155.

Wind, 58, 65, 69.

X

Xaver Imseng, 113.

Y

Ystradgynlais, 152.

Z

Zermatt, 104.

Zinal, 44, 79.

Zmutt Valley, 78.

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Alpine notes and the climbing foot · 第 5 / 5 段