the top of the ladder. Guns could not be fired, as they were
not mounted, but the crew, clustered on the rigging, gave him
three hearty cheers, and the Emperor looking up at them raised
his hat. He then passed to the quarter-deck. There all were
ranged in a circle, and the Emperor, as though quite at home,
his left hand as usual in his fob, put the trivial questions
which he nearly always employed on such occasions, for he did
not bother himself with finding remarks appropriate to each
particular individual. It was not his moment for parade. When
the circle had broken up the Emperor asked for an interpreter
and went to talk to the sailors, especially to a mate with whom
he had several times conversed during his passage from Fréjus
to the isle of Elba. The entire crew seemed eager to see him
again. The countenances of these good fellows expressed the very
contrary of the perversity of their Government. Captain Tower
sincerely admired the Emperor, and watched all his movements
with a gaze full of respect and interest. He had one of those
open countenances which inspire confidence. The Emperor said
to me ... “The English Government will never forgive me for
having been the most determined Frenchman in breaking down its
supremacy. Not that hatred actuated me, it was duty, it was love
of country.[301]
All well-bred Englishmen consequently honour me. If I went to
England the English Government would be afraid of my popularity
and would pack me off.” ... The same cheers accompanied the
Emperor on his departure, and he responded with the same
salute.’[302]
Pons, with his wife and children and the other guests, remained to
the dinner and ball. Unfortunately, two of the ship’s officers drank
a little too much, and so misbehaved themselves as to oblige several
of the ladies to withdraw. It is pathetic to think that Napoleon’s
next and last acquaintance with British tars was when, thirteen months
later, he gave himself up to the _Bellerophon_, and was conveyed
as a captive in the _Northumberland_ to St. Helena.
One Englishman at least was a spectator of Napoleon’s departure from
Elba. A Mr. Grattan (probably the father of Thomas Colley Grattan, the
traveller and novelist) had landed on the island on the 24th February.
On the evening of the 26th he noticed unusual bustle, as though
something was about to happen, and at 9 P.M. he saw Napoleon, escorted
by General Bertrand, come out in his sister Pauline’s four-horse
carriage, enter a boat, and go on board the brig _Inconstant_.
Thereupon the whole flotilla got under way, the soldiers shouting ‘Vive
l’Empereur!’ Scarcely believing his eyes, Grattan hired a boat to go
alongside the brig, and thence he saw Napoleon in his grey overcoat
and round hat pacing the quarter-deck. One of the boatmen, however,
cried out that there was an Englishman on board, upon which an officer
on the poop of the _Inconstant_ demanded who he was and what he
wanted. Grattan had to explain that he had merely come to have a look
at the Emperor, whereupon he was told to be off, and he complied with
alacrity, expecting every instant to be fired at or arrested.[303]
Up to the 20th March the _Moniteur_ had continued publishing loyal
addresses to Louis XVIII., but on the 21st it announced, ‘The
King and the Princes left last night. His Majesty the Emperor arrived
this evening at eight o’clock in his palace of the Tuileries.’ One of
Napoleon’s first inquiries to a lady of his court was whether there
were many English in Paris. On being told that nearly all had left
he exclaimed, ‘Ah, they recollect what I did before, but those times
are past. You do not repeat yourself.’ John Cam Hobhouse, Byron’s
friend, afterwards Lord Broughton, tells us this, and he adds that
the detentions of 1802 were against French feeling and could not
have been repeated in 1815 in defiance of such a feeling. Napoleon,
moreover, may have thought there was a chance of his recognition by
the allies,[304] and the detention of foreigners would have been a
virtual declaration of war. Yet the stampede was obviously prudent,
and the principal Englishman who remained did not escape molestation.
Francis Henry Egerton, as we have seen, had come over to Paris in
1802, and he had apparently continued to reside uninterruptedly, for
he published several works there, both in English and French, between
1812 and 1826. He had hired a house till 1814, but on the restoration
of the Bourbons he purchased the mansion of the Noailles family in
the rue St. Honoré, and to show his sympathy with the new Government
he paid up at once, on the 2nd March 1815, in lieu of by instalments,
the stamp duty of 30,000 francs. This seems to have marked him out for
Napoleon’s resentment. The house with its contents was requisitioned
to serve for a Government office. Egerton resisted, stood a kind of
siege, and appealed to the tribunals. He could not, it is obvious, have
permanently withstood Napoleon, but he seems to have held his ground
until Waterloo arrived and put an end to the affair. He lost no time in
securing legal domicile and civic rights, for in default of the latter
one alien could not bequeath property to another, such property being
forfeit to the French Crown. His support of the Bourbons should have
shielded him from further annoyance, but in 1818 he had an unpleasant
episode. Workmen who were placing flower-pots on the pillars of the
Tuileries gardens found it convenient to fasten ropes to the wall of
his back garden in the rue de Rivoli. Egerton drove out in his carriage
and required them to desist. An altercation ensued, there were cries of
‘Down with the Englishman!’ and he was dragged out of his carriage to
the guardhouse. Though promptly released, he was very punctilious in
exacting an apology for this indignity, threatening otherwise to quit
France. He was very eccentric in his latter years, if we are to believe
that cats and dogs dressed up as human beings sat at his dinner-table,
and that he kept rabbits and partridges in his garden in order to have
shooting on his own premises. He died as Duke of Bridgewater in 1829,
aged seventy-nine, and left £8000 for eight prize treatises which were
named after him. The Hôtel St. James, into which his house has been
converted, contains the original staircase and other relics of the
mansion in which Marie Antoinette welcomed Lafayette and Noailles on
their return from America.
Englishmen who, like Egerton, remained or arrived during the Hundred
Days witnessed curious scenes. Hobhouse in his passport of 1814 had
seen the word _empire_ erased and _royaume_ substituted. He
now found a contrary change made. He saw Napoleon review the National
Guard on the 16th April, and attend the Comédie Française on the
21st, on both which occasions his reception was enthusiastic. He also
witnessed the ceremony on the Champ de Mars, when Napoleon closely
scrutinised the crowd with his eyeglass during the mass on which he
had resolved in order to show that the Empire was not anti-catholic.
Hobhouse, though strenuously opposed to the renewal of the war by the
allies, acknowledges that Napoleon was not popular in Paris except
with the military, and that the cheers were very faint. Yet he courted
popularity by visiting public institutions and by walking about almost
unattended and conversing with people of all classes. He removed on
the 17th April from the Tuileries, where, however, he still held his
councils, to the Elysée, close to the Borghese palace which Wellington
had purchased for the British Embassy. The latter was of course
vacant, for all the ambassadors had followed Louis XVIII. to
Ghent, Fitzroy Somerset assuring him previously to his flight that
England would stand by him. In the absence of ambassadors foreigners
could not of course be formally presented, but Mrs. Damer obtained an
interview to give Napoleon the bust of Fox, which she had promised
him in 1802. The jewelled snuff-box bearing his own portrait which he
gave her in return is now in the British Museum. Up to the 4th May,
if not later, the Calais and Dover mail-packets continued to run, and
took many French passengers. When Corpus Christi festival arrived the
processions, as from the Revolution till 1813 and as ever since, were
confined in Paris to the churches or their enclosures.
Napoleon affected liberal views, not only by summoning Benjamin
Constant to his councils, but by inviting to return to Paris his friend
Madame de Staël, who had not joined in the exultation at his fall,
and indeed had sent him warning to Elba, through his brother Joseph,
of a plot against his life. She did not accept the invitation, but
wrote to Quintin Craufurd a letter intended for transmission to the
English Government, in which she affirmed the sincerity of his liberal
professions. Yet she might justly have distrusted these.
Among the Frenchmen who fled to England was one whose Irish extraction
entitles him to mention. Jean Baptiste Lynch, whose Jacobite ancestors
had settled at Bordeaux, was imprisoned during the Revolution. In 1808
Napoleon made him Mayor of Bordeaux, and in 1810 created him a Count.
Lynch was lavish in his professions of fidelity to the Empire, but in
1813 he had secret dealings with a royalist emissary, and in 1814, on
the approach of Wellington’s army, he proclaimed Louis XVIII.
at Bordeaux. He was the first man in France to do this, and he also
sent a deputation to Louis in England. On hearing of Napoleon’s return
from Elba and unopposed march on Paris, he despatched the Duchess of
Angoulême to England to be out of his reach, and he himself followed
her. He was at Newcastle on a visit to a relative when news of Waterloo
arrived, and he was cheered by the populace.[305] Louis, who in 1814
had awarded him the grand cross of the Legion of Honour, thus giving
him a Napoleonic decoration for deserting Napoleon, made him a peer. In
a letter written to a Bordeaux editor in 1816 Lynch urged the justice
of Catholic emancipation, but deprecated Irish independence, and
expressed a wish to go and deliver loyalist speeches in Ireland, that
he might render service to his ancestral as he had done to his native
country.
No foreigners applied during the Hundred Days for domicile or
naturalisation, whereas previously Philip Dormer Stanhope had obtained
domicile,[306] as also James George Hartley, a law student, and
naturalisation had been accorded to two Irish officers in the French
service--Julius Terence O’Reilly and William Corbett.
On the 12th June Napoleon left for the frontier, and a period of
suspense followed. Hobhouse started on the following day for Geneva,
but found he could not pass through the armies, and accordingly
returned to Paris on the 28th. ‘I cannot help wishing,’ he says in his
letters to Byron, which the _Quarterly_ characterised as ‘infamous
libels on the English name and character,’ ‘that the French may meet
with as much success as will not compromise the military character of
my own countrymen; but as an Englishman I cannot be witness of their
triumph; as a lover of liberty I would not be a spectator of their
reverses.’ This was an utterance published after the event. Perhaps
Hobhouse at the time, like Byron, was nevertheless sorry to hear of
Waterloo. He seems to have quitted Paris before the re-entry of Louis
XVIII., but British residents like Helen Williams, Croft,
Craufurd, and Egerton, witnessing the first fall of Napoleon, the
accession of Louis, his flight, the arrival of Napoleon, his return
from Waterloo, and the re-accession of Louis, beheld in the short space
of fourteen months a series of vicissitudes unexampled in human annals.
No Englishman who saw Napoleon in Paris after Waterloo, if any such
there were, has left any record of it. It is obvious, indeed, that
the few Englishmen then in Paris would shun observation during those
days of suspense. An Englishwoman, daughter of one of the officers
detained in 1803 and herself born in captivity, may, however, have then
seen him. In any case her husband, Legouvé, the Academician who died
in March 1903, at the age of ninety-four, was in all probability the
last survivor of those who had seen Napoleon in Paris, for he was six
years of age in 1815. The last survivor who had mixed in his society
at St. Helena was Madame Hortense Eugénie Thayer, daughter of General
Bertrand by Henrietta, daughter of General Arthur Dillon. This was one
of Napoleon’s compulsory marriages, but Bertrand succeeded in gaining
his unwilling bride’s affection. Hortense, born at Paris in 1810, was
presented by Napoleon at St. Helena with a pair of earrings, and he
witnessed the boring of her ears for this purpose, complimenting her on
her composure during the operation. She married Amédée Thayer, a French
Senator under the Second Empire, of American extraction. Dying in 1890,
she bequeathed to Prince Victor Bonaparte a red damask coat presented
to her by Napoleon for a spencer to be made out of it, but preserved
intact, together with other relics. We do not hear what became of the
earrings. Her mother gave Napoleon lessons in English at St. Helena,
and I subjoin a short article on this subject published by me in the
_Atlantic Monthly_, November 1895:--
A recent exhibition of Napoleonic relics in Paris comprised,
among numerous specimens of handwriting--one of them the draft
abdication of Fontainebleau, another the draft ‘Themistocles’
letter to the Prince Regent--a lesson in translating French
into English. Pitying Napoleon as we must, though conscious
that captivity alone secured France and Europe against another
Hundred Days, his attempt to learn English is irresistibly
pathetic. We are reminded of Ovid learning to speak, and even
to versify, in Dacian, but Napoleon does not seem to have
mastered English sufficiently to be able to write in prose
without numerous mistakes. He had been acquainted from his
youth, by translations, with several English authors. He was
fond of Ossian, and a collection of thirty-four books, given
him by his sister Pauline to take with him to Egypt, included
Bacon’s Essays, in which he marked in pencil two passages:
one in the chapter Of Great Place, from the third sentence,
‘It is a strange desire to seek power and to lose liberty,’
to the sentence preceding the lines from Seneca; the other in
the chapter Of Kingdoms and Estates, from ‘triumph amongst
the Romans’ to the end. Patronised by the younger Robespierre
and by Barras, he had already exemplified the saying, ‘By
indignities men come to dignities’; and he was destined also,
like Bacon himself, to find that ‘the standing is slipping, and
the regression is either a downfall or at least an eclipse.’ He
never, apparently, saw acted even an adaptation of Shakespeare,
yet on the eve of the rupture of the Treaty of Amiens he
surprised his Council of State by diverging from a coinage
question into a tirade against both Shakespeare and Milton.
Too busy, even if inclined, to study English, he would, had he
invaded England in 1803 and commissioned Sir Francis Burdett
to organise a republic, have taken with him one hundred and
seventeen interpreter guides, in red coats and white trousers--a
corps which he expected to recruit from Irish and other
refugees. One of these refugees, the notorious Lewis Goldsmith,
read the London newspapers for him. But Napoleon was not fated
to get nearer to English soil than William III.’s
landing-place, Torbay.
Captivity afforded him the requisite leisure and also a strong
inducement, for he was anxious, not to acquaint himself with
English literature, but to see what was said of himself in the
English press. Accordingly, on the six weeks’ voyage to St.
Helena, he took two lessons from Las Cases, who, when himself an
exile, had taught French and learned English in London. It seems
likely that he had acquired just a smattering before Waterloo,
if not before Elba; for while waiting at Balcombe House till
Longwood was ready for him, he occasionally spoke English
(desiring her to correct his mistakes) to the lively Betsy
Balcombe, that _enfant terrible_ who coolly questioned
him not only as to his supposed atheism, but as to the ‘happy
dispatch’ of the wounded French at Jaffa and as to the execution
of the Duc d’Enghien. He sent, moreover, for some English books,
one of them an edition of Æsop, and, pointing to the picture
of the ass kicking the sick lion, he remarked in English, ‘It
is me (_sic_) and your governor’ (Sir Hudson Lowe). His
accent then, and probably to the last, was very peculiar, and
he usually talked and joked with Betsy in French, though her
French was not of the best. He got her to translate to him Dr.
Warden’s account of the voyage of the _Northumberland_.
Though addicted to teasing, he had so won her affection that
she shed many tears on quitting the island, where, according
to a recent French visitor, the recollections of Napoleon have
been effaced by a wild-beast show, a visitor quite as rare as an
imperial captive. When settled at Longwood, Napoleon resolved
on seriously renewing the study. Las Cases gave him a daily
lesson; sometimes finding him a diligent scholar, at other
times so inattentive that Napoleon would himself laughingly
ask his teacher whether he did not deserve the rod, regarded
by him as an essential adjunct to education. He even wrote
several letters in English to Las Cases, but the irregular verbs
overtaxed his patience. He managed, however, to read after a
fashion, and, according to Las Cases, might at a push have made
himself understood in writing; but it does not appear that
the lessons went on more than a few weeks. They had probably
ceased long before December 1816, when Las Cases had to quit the
island. A scrap of paper, presented by him to a friend, and also
included in the exhibition, is the only trace of these lessons.
We read on it, in his pupil’s handwriting: ‘Gone out, _aller
dehors_, _sortir_. Opened, _ouvert_. To see,
_voire_ (_sic_), _regarder_.’
Napoleon’s next professor, after how long an interval we cannot
tell, was Countess Bertrand, daughter of General Arthur Dillon
by Anne Laure Girardin, cousin to the Empress Josephine. She had
never even visited England, but her father, guillotined when
she was eight years of age, had probably taught her his native
tongue. Napoleon, disposing of rich heiresses with Oriental
despotism, had required her to marry Bertrand, one of his
generals; and though the poor girl was at first in despair and
refused to see her suitor, she speedily became attached to him,
and they lived happily ever after. One of their children, named
Arthur, not, as one of the St. Helena narratives states, after
the Duke of Wellington, but after the grandfather--was born on
the island in January 1817, and archly introduced by the mother
to Napoleon as ‘the first Frenchman who had entered Longwood
without a pass from Sir Hudson Lowe.’ She was extremely fond
of society, and though, with her husband, she had accompanied
the Emperor to Elba, she was so averse to St. Helena that she
stormed at Napoleon for involving Bertrand and his family in his
banishment, and even tried to throw herself overboard. This,
unlike some of her other antipathies, she never overcame, and
at the time of Napoleon’s death she was arranging for a return
to France, on the plea of getting her children educated. One
of those children, whose ears were bored in Napoleon’s presence
that he might present her with earrings, survived, as Madame
Thayer, widow of one of Napoleon III.’s senators, till
1890. Madame Bertrand, apparently, gave a specimen of Napoleon’s
lessons to Madame Junot, whose granddaughter, Madame de la
Ferrière, lent it to the recent exhibition. A sheet of letter
paper, yellow with age, contains alternate lines of French and
English; but it will be more convenient to give first the theme,
and then the translation, which has never yet been published.
The italics in brackets indicate the erasures.
‘Quand serez-vous sage?
‘Quand je ne serai plus dans cette île. Mais je le deviendrai
après avoir passé la ligne.
‘Lorsque je débarquerai en france, je serai très content. Ma
femme viendra près de moi, mon fils sera grand et fort, il
pourra boire sa bouteille de vin à dîner, je trinquerai avec
lui. Ma mère sera vieille, mes sœurs seront laides, ce qui ne
leur sera pas agréable, elles seront _toujours_ coquettes,
car les femmes se croient toujours jolies.’
‘When will you be wise?
‘Never [_then that_] as long as I [_should_] could
be in this isle, but I shall become vise after [_have_]
having passed the line. When I shall [_landed_] land in
france I shall be very content. Mi [_wive_] wife shall
come [_after_, _bef_-] near me. Mi son shall be great
and [_fort_] strong. He [_shall get_] will be able to
take his bottle of wine at dinner. I shall trink with him. Mi
mother shall be olde, mi sisters shall ... for the women believe
they....’
The pronoun _I_ is uniformly written _j_. The
corrections are mostly inserted above the line, but some are
a continuation of the line, showing that the translation was
written in Madame Bertrand’s presence. The first sentence, it
is evident, had been playfully uttered by her on account of
Napoleon’s teasing her for being boisterously gay; for it is
the question addressed to obstreperous or fretful children,
and Napoleon himself used to say to Betsy Balcombe, ‘Quand
seras-tu sage?’ _Sage_ does not here mean wise, but good
or well behaved. Madame Bertrand passed over this and some
other obvious blunders, either because her own English was
defective, or because she would not discourage her pupil by too
many corrections. At one corner of the sheet is a rude drawing
of a ship, the imaginary ship in which Napoleon was to return
to France, and in another corner is a sketch apparently meant
for a line of muskets extended for firing. There are also the
words, ‘Qui vous a apporté cette lettre? (Who has brought you
this letter?) The writing is small and cramped, but fairly
legible; much more so than other specimens at the exhibition,
such as the audit of Napoleon’s accounts. The allegation that he
wrote a scrawl to conceal his bad spelling seems far-fetched.
Like many people, he had a hasty scrawl for drafts, which he was
sometimes himself unable to decipher, and a plainer hand for his
correspondents.
To quote from Manzoni’s famous ode:--
‘He vanished, in a narrow isle
His vacant days to keep,
Object of boundless envy once,
Now of compassion deep,
Of inextinguishable ire
And of unconquered love.’
There still survive two English witnesses of Napoleon’s funeral, for
_Public Opinion_ of the 28th March 1903 contained a letter from
Mr. G. B. Bennett of Cape Town, who states that he was born at St.
Helena on the 30th November 1816, that he attended the funeral, and
that his sister, three and a half months old, was also present in her
nurse’s arms.
The daughter of Sir Hudson Lowe, born at St. Helena in 1818, is also
still living, unmarried, at Balham, near London. Considering, however,
the strained relations between her father and Napoleon, she is scarcely
likely, in her nurse’s arms, to have seen the caged lion.
* * * * *
_PS._--Miss Clara Lowe died at Tooting on the 7th May 1904.
APPENDIX
_A_ (see p. 34)
MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT
_Asterisks indicate members not re-elected in 1802, and italics
new members._
Acheson, Arch., Armagh.
Adair, Robert, Camelford.
_Barclay, Sir Robert_, Newton, Hants.
Baring, Sir F., Chipping Wycombe.
*Benfield, Paul, Shaftesbury.
_Best, Wm. Draper_, Petersfield.
*Bird, Wm. Wilberforce, Coventry.
*Boyd, Walter, Shaftesbury.
Brodrick, Wm., Whitchurch.
Burdett, Sir F., Middlesex.
Cavendish, Lord G. A. H., Derbyshire.
*Chambers, (Sir) Geo., Honiton.
*Clarke, Edward, Wootton Basset.
*Clifden, Viscount, Heytesbury.
_Cockerell_, (_Sir_) _Chas._, Tregony.
Combe, Alderman H., London.
_Cowper, Edward Spencer_, Hertford.
_Cust, John_, Clitheroe.
Dalkeith, Lord, Ludgershall.
*Dallas, Sir Geo., Newport, I.W.
Dillon, Augustus, Mayo.
_Douglas, Marquis of_, Lancaster.
Egerton, Wm., Cheshire.
Ellis, Chas. Rose, Seaford.
Erskine, Thos., Portsmouth.
_Fitzgerald, Lord Rt._, Kildare.
Fitzpatrick, General, Tavistock.
Foster, Jno. Leslie, Louth.
Fox, Chas. Jas., Westminster.
_Francis_, (_Sir_) _Philip_, Appleby.
Frankland, Wm., Thirsk.
Garland, George, Poole.
Gower, Lord Granville Leveson, Staffordshire.
Graham, Sir Jas., Ripon.
_Graham, Jas._, Cockermouth.
_Green, Wm._, Dungarvan.
_Hamilton, Lord Arch._, Lanark.
*Hare, James, Knaresborough.
Hinchingbrook, Lord, Hunts.
Huntingfield, Lord, Dunwich.
Jekyll, Joseph, Calne.
Johnstone, Geo., Heydon.
_Kinnaird, Chas._, Leominster.
Knox, Hon. Geo., Dungannon.
Lascelles, Edward, Northallerton.
_Loftus, Earl_, Wexford.
Long, Charles, Wendover.
Lovaine, Lord, Beeralston.
_Mackenzie-Fraser, Gen. Alex._, Cromarty.
*Macpherson, Sir John, Horsham.
Mathew, Viscount, Tipperary.
Montagu, Lord Fred., Hunts.
Morgan, Sir Chas., Brecon.
Morpeth, Viscount, Morpeth.
*Morshead, Sir John, Bodmin.
*Nicholl, John, Tregony.
Paget, Hon. Edw., Carnarvon.
*Parnell, Henry, Maryborough.
Pelham, Hon. Chas., Grimsby.
_Petty, Lord Henry_, Calne.
*Pollen, Col. G. A., Leominster.
*Pringle, Mark, Selkirk.
*Robson, Richard B., Okehampton.
St. John, St. Andrew, Beds.
_Scott, Hon. Jno._, Boroughbridge.
_Smith, John Spencer_, Dover.
Smith, William, Norwich.
Spencer, Lord Robert, Tavistock.
*Sturt, Charles, Bridport.
Thellusson, Chas., Evesham.
Thellusson, Peter Isaac, Castle Rising.
*Thompson, Thos., Evesham.
Tierney, George, Southwark.
*Tufton, Henry, Rochester.
*Turner, Sir Gregory, Thirsk.
Tyrwhitt, Thos., Portarlington.
Villiers, Jno. Chas., Dartmouth.
*Walhope, Hon. Coulson, Andover.
*Wallace, (Sir) Thomas, Penrhyn.
*Waller, John, Limerick.
*Wyndham, Chas., Shoreham.
Yarmouth, Earl of, Lisburn.
_B_ (see p. 51)
PEERS
_An asterisk indicates that the wife accompanied her husband._
_Dukes_--Bedford, Cumberland (Duchess), Gordon (Duchess),
Newcastle (and Dowager-Duchess), *Somerset.
_Marquises_--Bute,[307] *Donegal, *Tweeddale.
_Earls_--Aberdeen, *Bessborough, *Beverley, Buckinghamshire,
Cadogan (see p. 54), Caledon, Camelford, *Carhampton, Cavan,
*Cholmondeley, Clarendon, *Conyngham, Cowper, Dysart (Countess),
Egremont, *Elgin, *Fife, Fitzwilliam, Granard (Countess), *Guilford,
*Kenmare, Kingston (Countess), Lanesborough (Countess), Lauderdale,
Longford, Mexborough (Countess), Minto, Mount Cashell, *Mount
Edgecumbe, *Oxford, Pembroke, Pomfret, Sefton, Shaftesbury,
*Shrewsbury, Winchilsea, Yarborough.
_Viscounts_--Annesley (Viscountess), Barrington, Castlemaine,
Falkland, Gosford, Maynard (Viscountess), Monck, Strangford.
_Barons_--Blayney, Boringdon, *Bradford, *Cahir, Carington
(Baroness), Cloncurry, Coleraine, Crofton (Baroness), Grantham,
*Holland, Hutchinson, Longford, *Montfort, Northwick, *Say and Sele,
Stawell, *Whitworth.
_Eldest sons or other successors of Peers_--General George
Abercromby (son of Baroness Abercromby), William Annesley (Earl of
Annesley), Archibald Acheson (Viscount Gosford), Viscount Althorp
(Earl Spencer), Lord Charles Beaulieu (Earl of Beaulieu), Viscount
Boyle (Earl of Glasgow), Viscount Brooke (Earl of Warwick), Lord John
Campbell (Duke of Argyll), John Somers Cocks (Lord Somers), Earl of
Dalkeith (Duke of Buccleuch), John De Blaquiere (Lord De Blaquiere),
Augustus Dillon (Viscount Dillon), Marquis of Douglas (Duke of
Hamilton), Lord Duncannon (Earl of Bessborough), Sampson Eardley
(Lord Eardley), Francis Henry Egerton (Earl of Bridgewater), Viscount
Fincastle (Earl of Dunmore), Admiral Garlies (Earl of Galloway), Lord
Gustavus Hamilton (Viscount Boyne), Viscount Hinchingbrook (Earl
of Sandwich), John Hely Hutchinson (Earl of Donoughmore), Charles
Kinnaird (Lord Kinnaird), Edward Lascelles (predeceased the Earl of
Harewood), Viscount Loftus (Marquis of Ely), Lord Lovaine (Earl of
Beverley), Viscount Maitland (Earl of Lauderdale), Viscount Mathew
(Earl of Landaff), Colonel W. J. Molesworth (Viscount Molesworth),
Viscount Morpeth (Earl of Carlisle), Viscount Ossulston (Earl of
Tankerville), Charles Pelham (Lord Yarborough), Viscount Petersham[308]
(Earl of Harrington), Lord Henry Petty (Marquis of Lansdowne), Dudley
Ryder (Viscount Sandon, afterwards Earl of Harrowby), St. Andrew St.
John (Lord St. John), John Scott (predeceased the Earl of Eldon),
Admiral Tollemache (Countess of Dysart), John Hampden Trevor (Viscount
Hampden), Charles Tufton (Earl of Thanet), Colonel John Vesey (Viscount
de Vesci), John Charles Villiers (Earl of Clarendon) and Earl of
Yarmouth (Marquis of Hertford). Several of these have been mentioned
among actual or prospective M.P.’s. There was also Lady Ancrum,
daughter-in-law of the Marquis of Lothian.
_C_ (see p. 300)
LORD JOHN RUSSELL AT ELBA
I have been favoured by the Hon. Rollo Russell with a copy, and
permission to publish it, of the letter addressed in 1868 by his
father, Earl Russell, to the eminent Belgian statesman, M. Van de
Weyer. A few copies were then printed for private distribution.
PEMBROKE LODGE: _Nov. 28, 1868_.
MY DEAR VAN DE WEYER,
You wish to have some account of my visit to the First Napoleon
at Elba.
It is long since I paid that visit, and I can give you only
glimmering recollections.
I was at Florence in December 1814, with my father and his
family.
I wished very much to see Napoleon; some of my friends had been
to Elba; a cousin of mine by marriage, Mr. Whitmore, was going
there.
I was told that the season was bad, and that I should do well to
put off my journey till the spring. But I determined to go then.
Colonel Campbell, the Commissioner of the British Government,
was usually resident at Florence; he was then returning to Elba,
and a brig-of-war had been placed at his disposal. I was glad to
take advantage of the opportunity. He told us on the way that
Napoleon had sate up late at night, revising the list of the
Municipal Council of Porto Ferrajo for the ensuing year. Colonel
Campbell seemed to consider this circumstance a proof that the
deposed Emperor could be as busy upon a trifling affair as on
the destinies of Europe. But no doubt Napoleon wished to have a
municipality on whom he could rely in case of need.
The first person Whitmore and I saw at Porto Ferrajo was General
Bertrand, and he introduced us to his wife, a Dillon by birth.
In conversation with General Bertrand, he asked us the meaning
of a paragraph in the _Courier_ newspaper, sent him by
Colonel Campbell, to the effect that the Congress of Vienna had
it in contemplation to send the Emperor to St. Helena. We had
not seen the paragraph, and could not account for it. I have
never referred to the _Courier_ newspaper of that period
to ascertain its wording, or guess at its origin. But it had
evidently made a great impression on General Bertrand.
In the evening of that day, about eight o’clock, I went to the
house at the top of the town where Napoleon resided. He received
me in his drawing-room. He was dressed in uniform--a green coat,
single-breasted, white breeches, and silk stockings. I was much
struck with his countenance--eyes of a muddy colour and cunning
expression; the fine features which we all know in his bust and
on his coins; and, lastly, a most agreeable and winning smile.
He was very courteous in his manner. I was with him for a long
time--I think an hour and a half. He stood the whole time, only
sometimes leaning on the chimney-piece.
What struck me most in his conversation was a certain uneasiness
about his position--a suspicion that something serious was about
to happen to him, and he seemed to have a desire to entrap me
into giving him information which I was neither able nor willing
to afford. With this view, as I supposed, he asked me a number
of questions of little interest to him--such as, whether I was
in the House of Commons or the House of Lords, whether my father
had kept up much state as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, and
whether the Lady-Lieutenant had any _dame d’honneur_ in her
suite? When I replied that she had only a young lady, who was
her cousin, in the house with her, he remarked, ‘_C’était une
dame de compagnie, pas une dame d’honneur_.’ These questions
he would intersperse with eager enquiries respecting the state
of France; and when I replied that I had not come through
France, but by sea from Portugal, he would not let me off, but
asked me what Lord Holland, whom I had seen at Florence, thought
of French opinion--enquiring, with much emphasis, ‘_L’armée
est-elle contente?_’
He spoke also of Italy; and when I said that Italy had no union,
and therefore would probably remain quiet, he said, ‘_C’est
vrai_.’ I told him that I had heard everywhere, that during
his reign the robberies and pillage, which had been so common
before, had almost ceased; he said quickly, ‘_C’était la
gendarmerie_.’
He seemed alarmed regarding his own safety, asking me, more than
once, whether our Minister at Florence was a man to be trusted;
whether fearing that he might be carried off by force, or
wishing to obtain some assurance of safety and protection from
Lord Burghersh, the British Minister, I cannot tell. I told him
that Lord Burghersh had been attached, as a military officer, to
one of the allied armies which had invaded France; but of this
he seemed to know nothing.
It was evident to me that the paragraph in the _Courier_,
which had been mentioned to me by General Bertrand, had been
shown to Napoleon, and had produced a great impression upon
him. He seemed to me to be meditating some enterprise, and yet
very doubtful whether he should undertake it. When we heard
afterwards of his expedition from Elba, the Count de Mosbourg,
a minister of Murat, was asked what could have induced Napoleon
to run so great a hazard; ‘_Un peu d’espoir et beaucoup de
désespoir_,’ was his reply. Such appeared to me to be, when I
saw him, the state of his mind; and when I got to Rome, I wrote
to my brother, Lord Tavistock, that I was sure Napoleon was
thinking of some fresh attempt.
Napoleon seemed very curious on the subject of the Duke of
Wellington. He said it was a great mistake in the English
Government to send him Ambassador to Paris. ‘_On n’aime pas
voir un homme par qui on a été battu_.’ He had never sent as
Ambassador to Vienna a man who had entered Vienna as an officer
of the French invading army. (Count Lebzeltern, the Austrian
Ambassador at Rome, denied the truth of this assertion.) As
I had seen a good deal of the Duke of Wellington in Spain,
Napoleon asked me what were likely to be his occupations. I
answered that during his campaigns the Duke had been so much
absorbed by his attention to the war that I did not well
understand how he could give his mind to other subjects. He
remarked, rather sharply, as if he thought I was inclined to
think lightly of military talents, ‘_Eh bien, c’est un grand
jeu, belle occupation!_’ He spoke at some length of his
plans respecting Spain. He would have divided the large landed
properties in the hands of the grandees, of the monasteries,
and of the clergy. He would have introduced into Spain the
enlightened principles of religious toleration and facilitated
commercial intercourse in the interior, etc.
I said that I thought Spain was not ready for such changes,
and that the Spanish people would resist them. ‘_Ils
succomberaient_,’ he said, and then the subject dropped.
He asked me whether I knew anything of what was passing at the
Congress of Vienna. I said, ‘Nothing.’ He said he expected that
each Power would have confirmed to it by treaty the territories
which its forces occupied. In respect to the three great
military Powers, Austria, Russia, and Prussia, this prediction
was nearly verified. Mr. Pitt, however, had intended, in 1805,
to give Belgium to Prussia; Lord Castlereagh gave it to the
Netherlands.
Napoleon spoke of Lord Ebrington, whom he had recently seen,
and said he was ‘_un homme fort instruit; du moins, il m’a
paru un homme fort instruit_.’ It struck me afterwards that
while he had spoken to Lord Ebrington of great events of his
past life--of Jaffa, of the execution of the Duc d’Enghien,
and other acts on which the world had passed its judgment--he
spoke to me almost entirely of the existing aspect of affairs.
His past history had ceased to be his main object, and his mind
was busy with the present and the future. He said, ‘You must be
very well satisfied, you English, to have finished the war so
successfully.’ I answered, ‘Yes, Sire, especially as at one time
we thought ourselves in great danger.’
He burst out laughing, ‘_Ha! ha! ha! C’était le système
continental, eh?_’
I said, ‘Yes, Sire; but as that system did not ruin us, it did
us a great deal of good. For men are much governed by their
physical wants.’
The interview ended soon after this. The next morning I was
told that a horse from the Emperor’s stable was at my disposal,
and I rode to a villa which he was constructing for his summer
occupation.
The day after I embarked, in the gun-brig in which I had come,
for Civita Vecchia.
I remain, my dear Van de Weyer,
Yours truly,
RUSSELL.
Lord J. Russell in his diary, wrote of Napoleon:--
‘His manner is very good-natured, and seems studied to put
one at one’s ease by its familiarity; his smile and laugh are
very agreeable; he asks a number of questions without object,
and often repeats them, a habit which he has no doubt acquired
during fifteen years of supreme command. To this I should also
attribute the ignorance he seems to show at times of the most
common facts. When anything that he likes is said, he puts his
head forward and listens with great pleasure ... but when he
does not like what he hears, he turns away as if unconcerned,
and changes the subject. From this one might conclude that he
was open to flattery and violent in his temper.’
Sir Spencer Walpole in his _Life of Lord J. Russell_, adds:--
Lord John was with him [Napoleon] an hour and a half, conversing
on many subjects--the Russell family, Lord John’s own allowance
from the Duke, the state of Spain and Italy, the character
of the Duke of Wellington, and the arrangements likely to be
made at Vienna for the pacification of Europe. He used to say
in his old age, that as the Emperor became interested in his
conversation, he fell into the singular habit which he had
acquired, and pulled him by the ear.
INDEX OF NAMES
(_Members of a family are mostly indexed together_.)
Abbot, Speaker, 20, 132, 139, 161.
Abdy, W., 65.
Abercromby, 56, 60, 65, 219, 279, 318.
Aberdeen, Lord, 51, 54, 164, 317.
Abrantès. _See_ Junot.
Acheson. _See_ Gosford.
Adair, Sir R., 29, 34, 240, 316.
Adderley, 118.
Addington, Hy., 170, 174.
Adelaide, Queen, 118.
Albany, Countess, 254, 276.
Aldborough, Lady, 277.
Alderson, Dr., 209.
Alexander I., 156, 286, 298.
Alfieri, F., 254.
Alison, Sir A., 274.
Allen, John, 114.
Althorp, Lord, 48, 51, 99, 318.
Ambert, Dr. Antoine, 80.
Ancrum, Lady, 236, 318.
Anderson, James, 115.
Andreossi, General, 86, 175.
Anglesey. _See_ Paget.
Angoulême, Duchess, 287, 307.
Annesley, 13, 61, 130, 196, 209, 235, 261, 318.
Anspach, Margrave, 239.
Antraigues, Comte d’, 6, 75.
Apreece, S. A., 65, 118.
Apsley. _See_ Bathurst.
Arago, F., 256.
Arblay. _See_ Burney.
Archer, Jno., 258.
Armstrong, Dr., 265.
---- Sergeant, 16.
Arnim, A., 159.
Artois. _See_ Charles X.
Ashburton. _See_ Baring.
Ashley, 150.
---- Lady M. A., 43.
Ashworth, Sir C., 65.
Astley, Philip, 99, 212.
Atkinson. T. W., 235.
Atkyns, Mrs., 94.
Aufrere, A., 114.
Aulard, F. A., 76.
Aumale, Mme. d’, 233.
Auvergne, V. d’, 71.
Aylesbury, Lord, 278.
Aylmer, Gerald, 56, 257.
Aytoun, 245.
Babeau, A., 101.
Bacon, Lord, 310.
Badams, Dr., 101.
Badger, L. and P., 81.
Baggesen, J., 157.
Bagration, General, 67.
Baird, Dr., 209.
Balcombe, Betsy, 311, 314.
Baldwin, S., 149.
Bance, A., 215.
Bandon, Lord, 291.
Banks, Sir J., 85–87, 169, 224, 252.
---- J. C., 14, 243.
Bannatyne, Captain, 201.
Barbauld, Mrs., 89.
Barclay, Sir R., 17, 34, 316.
Barillon, Marquis, 29.
Baring, 34, 48, 96, 316.
Barklimore, Dr., 216.
Barlow, Joel, 6, 105, 127.
Barney, Joshua, 6.
Barras, P., 13, 146, 148, 310.
Barrington, Bishop, 136.
---- Lord, 58, 197, 202, 318.
Barthélémi, Abbé, 128.
Bartolini, L., 160.
Bath, Lord, 277.
Bathurst, Captain B., 66, 243, 275.
---- Lord, 277.
Beasely, Reuben, 258.
Beauclerk, Lady C., 64, 168.
Beaufort, Duchess, 241.
Beauharnais, Eugène, 53, 160.
Beaulieu, Lord C., 318.
Beaune, de, 285.
Beauvoisin, Colonel, 171.
Beccaria, 160, 256.
Becker, Casimir, 19.
Beckford, W., 46, 111.
Bedford. _See_ Russell, Lord J.
Bellevue, Countess, 122.
Belvedere, Lord, 57, 102.
Benfield, P., 34, 36, 96, 216, 235, 316.
Benjafield, 22.
Bennett, G. B., 314.
Bentham, Jeremy, 80, 85.
Bentinck, H. W., 78.
---- Rev. John, 260.
---- Lord W., 61, 278, 295.
Benyon, 48.
Berkeley, G., 217.
Bernadotte, Marshal, 7.
Bernard, 189.
---- Sir F., 109.
---- R. B., 290.
Bernardin de St. Pierre, J. H., 115.
Berri, Duke and Duchess, 67, 289.
Berry, Agnes and Mary, 38, 70, 117, 179, 214, 223.
---- Sir E., 73.
Berthier, Marshal, 162, 171, 186, 253.
Bertin, Rose, 131.
Bertrand, General H. G., 302, 309, 312, 320, 321.
Berwick. _See_ Hill, W.
Besnard, 133.
Bessborough. _See_ Duncannon.
Best, Captain, 55.
---- _See_ Wynford.
Beugnot, J. C., 289.
Beverley. _See_ Lovaine.
Beyle, H., 128.
Bickersteth, H., 117.
Billington, Elizabeth, 170.
Binning. _See_ Haddington.
Bird, W. W., 316.
Birkbeck, G., 80.
---- M., 277, 282, 288.
Bishop, Mary, 238.
Blackwell, J., 151, 152.
Blagden, Sir C., 86.
Blagdon, F. W., 101.
Blanc, 189.
---- Louis, 108.
Bland, Rev. R., 235.
Blandford, Lord, 43, 277.
Blangini, Jos., 130.
Blayney, Lord, 11, 48, 59, 189, 199, 203, 244, 245, 265, 318.
Blaze de Bury, Mme., 273.
Blessington, Lady, 193.
Blount, Baron Chas., 210.
---- 235.
Boddington, E. W., 92.
Bode, 130.
Bodichon, Mme., 42.
Bodini, 121.
Boehme, J., 158.
Bolivar, S., 152, 156.
Bonaparte, Jerome, 78, 193.
---- Joseph, 20, 220, 306.
---- Lucien, 228.
---- Mme. _See_ Josephine.
---- Napoleon, _passim_.
---- Pauline, 302, 310.
---- Victor, 309.
Bonfield, 91.
Bonnecarrère, G. de, 171.
Bonneuil, Mme., 171.
Bonneval, General, 231.
Bonneville, N., 100.
Bonnycastle, J., 87.
Borel, Mrs., 239.
Boringdon, Lord, 318.
Boscawen, Admiral Edward, 241.
Bosville, W., 36, 66.
Boswell, 149.
---- James, 33, 105.
Bouillon. _See_ Auvergne.
Bourbon, Duc, 3.
Bourke, E. de, 258.
---- J. R., 258.
Bowyer, R., 92.
Boyd, Walter, 14, 34, 36, 96, 216, 265, 316.
Boyer, Captain, 32.
---- General J. P., 222.
Boyle, Lord, 238, 318.
---- R. B., 27.
Boyne. _See_ Hamilton.
Boyse, E., 246.
Brabançon, General, 216.
Bradford, Lord, 57, 277, 318.
Braham, J., 14.
Bridgewater. _See_ Egerton.
Brillat-Savarin, A., 4.
Bristol, Lord, 62, 248.
Brocklesby, R., 88.
Brodie, Captain, 200.
Brodrick, W., 36, 61, 316.
Brodum, William, 23.
Brook, 78.
Brooke, Lord, 51, 318.
---- T., 203, 210.
Brougham, Lord, 18, 19, 85, 88, 273.
Broughton, Sir J., 65, 212.
---- _See_ Hobhouse.
Browning, Oscar, 10, 175.
Brownlow, Lord, 57, 83, 278.
Bruce, Countess, 239.
---- Lieutenant Michael, 275.
Bryant, George, 92.
Buckingham, Duke, 42.
Buckinghamshire, Lord, 317.
Bulow, T. H., 159.
Buonarotti, M., 6.
Burdett, Sir F., 36, 64, 66, 133, 242, 310, 316.
Burgess, Rev. J., 168.
Burgh or Burke, 261.
Burghersh, Lord, 278, 321.
Burke, Edmund, 34, 50.
---- General F., 66.
Burlington, Lord, 36, 121.
Burney, Fanny, 4, 123.
Burrell, Sir C., 48, 179.
Burton, Sir F., 64.
Bute, Lord, 242, 317.
Butler, Baron, 258.
---- Colonel, 251.
Butterfield, 212.
Byrne, Miles, 187.
Byron, Lord, 22, 54, 170, 303, 308.
Cabarrus. _See_ Tallien.
Cadogan, Lady, 54, 178, 317.
Cadoudal. _See_ Georges.
Cahir, Lord, 59, 318.
Caledon, Lord, 317.
Call, Sir W., 179, 196, 200, 243.
Callender, General J., 66, 213.
Calonne, C. de, 124, 134.
Cambacérès, J. J., 31.
Cambridge, Duke, 37.
Camelford, Lord, 14, 54, 146, 317.
Cameron, Doctor, 209.
Campbell, 296.
---- Sir A., 67.
---- Doctor (Edward?), 265.
---- Lord, 79.
---- Lord J., 51, 179, 318.
---- Sir Neil, 303, 319, 320.
---- Thomas, 274, 281.
Campe, J. H., 156, 164.
Candler, Captain T., 244.
Canning, George, 16, 33, 118, 278.
Canova, A., 274.
Cantillon, André N., 39.
Caraccioli, L. A., 161.
Caradoc. _See_ Cradock.
Carducci, Barth., 97.
Carhampton, Lord, 46, 317.
Carington, Lord, 59, 278, 318.
Carlisle, Lord, 16, 40, 277, 303, 317, 318.
Carnot, Lazare, 85, 90, 128, 152, 225, 273.
Caroline, Queen, 286.
Carr, Sir J., 101, 125, 128, 142.
Carter, Anne, 240.
Carysfort, Lord, 17.
Casimir Périer, 109.
Casti, J. B., 161.
Castlemaine, Lord, 318.
Castlereagh, Lord, 272.
Cathcart, Lord, 275.
Caulfeild, St. G., 168.
Cavan, Lord, 56, 68, 317.
Cavendish, Lord G., 61, 316.
---- _See_ Burlington.
Cazalès, J. A., 125.
Cerutti, J. A. J., 6.
Chalmers, 190.
Chambers, Sir R., 79, 168, 316.
Champagny, J. B., 220.
Champernowne, A. H., 48.
Chantrey, Sir F., 274.
Chaptal, J. A., 31.
Charlemont, Lord, 277.
Charles X., 2, 67, 274, 278.
---- XIV. _See_ Bernadotte.
---- Edward, Prince, 177.
---- J. A. C., 128.
Charlotte, Princess, 7, 155.
---- Queen, 284.
Chastenay, Mme. de, 280.
Chateaubriand, F. R. de, 71, 90, 116, 143, 224.
Chatham, Lord, 32.
Chatterton, Thomas, 115.
Chenevix, R., 13, 85, 227, 229.
Chénier, André, 91.
Cherubini, L. C., 129.
Chevreul, 243.
Chichester, Sir A., 49.
---- Sir J., 64.
Childers, Hugh C. E., 61, 200.
Cholmondeley, Lord, 56, 138, 161, 164, 317.
Christie, J. H., 214.
---- Thomas, 6.
Churchill, Rev. W. H., 232.
Clanricarde, Lord, 278.
Clare, Lord, 277.
Clarendon. _See_ Villiers.
Clarke, C. J., 23.
---- General, 18, 188, 198, 203, 235, 245, 247, 254, 262, 265, 266.
---- Mrs., 237.
---- Sir Simon, 64.
---- Dr. T., 208.
Clarkson, Thomas, 275.
Clavering, Sir T., 64, 234.
Clayton, Sir W., 278.
Cleveland, Duke, 54.
Clifden, Lord, 316.
Clifford, Robert, 61, 198.
Clive, Colonel Robert, 61, 198.
Cloncurry, Lord, 59, 64, 93, 318.
Cloots, Anacharsis, 6, 164.
Cobbett, William, 18, 66.
Cockburn, Alexander, 77, 228.
Cockerell, Sir C., 65, 316.
Cockerill, William, 258.
Cocks, J. Somers, 318.
Coghill, Sir J., 64, 235.
Colchester, Lord. _See_ Abbot.
Colclough, Cæsar, 48, 266.
Cole, Lord, 275.
Coleraine, Lord, 318.
Coleridge, S. T., 90, 94, 99, 184.
Colin, 272.
Colombine, P., 260.
Combe, George, 274.
---- Alderman Thomas, 29, 37, 316.
---- William, 113.
Compton, Lord, 277.
Concannon, John, 196.
Congleton, Lord. _See_ Parnell.
Congreve, Sir W., 48, 65, 94.
Constant, Benjamin, 142, 243, 306.
Constantine, Grand Duke, 292.
Contat, Louise, 129.
Conti, Prince, 241.
Conway, Field-Marshal, 92.
Conyngham, Lord, 56, 64, 130, 317.
Cook, Captain James, 233.
Cooper, Sir Paston, 81.
---- Sir W., 64, 197.
Cope, Archdall, 235.
---- Reilly, 201, 263.
Copleston, Bishop, 276, 291.
Copley, J. S., 107.
Coquebert, C. E., 171.
Corbett, William, 151–152, 308.
Cornuel, Mrs., 238.
Cornwallis, Lord, 18–21, 83, 136, 186.
Corvisart, Dr., 226.
Cory, Captain, 199.
Cosway, R., 91, 113, 140.
Cotes, Captain, 16.
Cotton, Lady A., 277.
Courier, P. L., 234.
Courselles, Colonel, 204, 214.
Courtenay. _See_ Giffard.
Coutts, Thomas, 242.
Coventry, Lord, 277.
Cowley, Lord, 16.
Cowper, Lord, 37, 61, 316, 317.
Cox, Colonel William, 235.
Cradock, General, 67, 91.
Cramer, F., 234.
Crane, 238.
Craufurd, Sir C., 49, 54.
---- Sir J., 64, 77, 151, 192, 207, 263.
---- Quintin, 6, 49, 115, 130, 191, 286, 306, 308.
Craven, Lord, 61, 239.
Crespigny, 46, 168, 210.
Cresswell, 149.
Croft, Sir H., 13, 64, 115, 235, 287, 308.
Crofton, Lady, 59, 168, 318.
Croker, John Wilson, 58, 272.
Cromie, Sir M., 64, 264.
Cromwell, Oliver, 243.
Crowe, William, 244.
Cumberland, Duchess, 46, 51, 317.
Curran, J. P., 79, 154, 274.
Cust, Francis, 61, 316.
Cuvier, Baron, 129, 225.
Czartoryski, Prince, 256.
Dalhousie. _See_ Ramsay.
Dalkeith, Lord, 316, 318.
Dallas, Sir G., 37, 64, 316.
Dalrymple, General Robert, 68.
Damer, Anne S., 32, 92, 117, 179, 274, 306.
Daniel, Rev. John, 235.
Daniell, Thomas, 92.
Darnley, Lord, 277.
Davies, 149.
---- Lady C., 172.
Davis, Dr. J. B., 81, 197, 226.
Davy, Sir H., 99.
Dawes, William, 98.
Dawtram, 129.
De Bathe, Sir J., 13, 64, 230.
De Blaquiere, Lord, 233, 263, 318.
Decrès, Admiral Denis, 162.
De Jersey, C., 208.
Delacroix, Charles, 153.
Del Campo, Marquis, 256.
Delille, J., 170.
Demidoff, Princess, 156.
Denon, D. V., 143.
Derby, Lord, 303.
De Ros, 13.
Desbrières, Colonel, 188.
Desgenettes, Dr. N., 87.
Deshayes, 130.
Desmarest, P. M., 74, 102, 189.
Despard, E. M., 171.
Devenish, Thomas, 200.
Devereux, John, 152.
De Vesci. _See_ Vesey.
Devon. _See_ Giffard.
Devonshire. _See_ Burlington.
---- Duke and Duchess, 38, 53, 62, 169, 277.
Dickinson, William, 92, 246.
Didot St. Léger, Jules, 172.
Digby, Lord, 120.
Dillon, Archbishop, 82.
---- Arthur, 128, 309.
---- Augustus, 316, 318.
---- Edward, 235, 277.
---- Henry, 214, 240.
Disney-Ffytche, D., 119.
Dixie, Sir B., 64, 208.
Dodwell, Edward, 248.
Don, Sir A., 65, 151, 211, 212.
Donegal, Lord, 54, 236, 317.
Donkin, 78.
Donoughmore. _See_ Hutchinson.
Dorant, 100.
Dormer, 13.
Dorset, Duchess, 22, 52, 66, 175–176, 220.
Doublet, P. de, 97.
Douglas, Sir Charles, 51.
---- Hon. Frederick S. N., 295.
---- Marquis, 37, 169, 244, 316, 318.
---- Sir Niel, 296.
Downshire, Lord, 277.
Drake, Francis, 75.
Dring, Rev. J., 260.
Drummond, Henry, 40.
---- Maurice, 172.
Dubarry, Mme., 43, 47, 97, 229.
Dubufe, 180.
Duckett, William, 154.
Dudley, Lord, 279, 291.
Dugard, William, 105.
Dumaresq, Major, 72.
Dumont, Etienne, 6.
Dumouriez, General, 26.
Duncannon, Lord, 49, 54, 224, 303, 317.
Dunmore. _See_ Hutchinson and Fincastle.
Dunsany. _See_ Lawless.
Dupin, Maurice, 53, 131, 137.
Du Pan. _See_ Mallet.
Duppa, William, 79, 92.
Dupuis, C. F., 128.
Durfort, Comte, 37.
Du Roure, Scipio, 144.
Eardley, Lord, 60, 229, 318.
Ebrington, Lord, 33, 53, 126, 297–299, 323
Edgeworth, R. L., 22, 32, 80, 235.
Edwards, William, 217.
Egerton, F. H., 51, 63, 113, 152, 166, 179, 190, 304, 308, 318.
Egremont, Lord, 45, 56, 316, 317.
Eldon. _See_ Scott, J.
Elgin, Lord, 26, 56, 80, 88, 219, 221, 227, 317.
Ellice, Felix, 200.
Elliot. _See_ Minto.
Elliott, 151.
Ellis, C. and G., 16, 37, 316.
---- Mrs. Charles, 168.
Elphinstone, Lord, 172.
Ely. _See_ Loftus.
Emmet, R. and T. A., 59, 79, 153, 186.
Enghien, Duc, 3, 177, 217, 249, 250, 311, 323.
Enniskillen. _See_ Cole.
Erskine, Cardinal Charles, 82.
---- Lord, 29, 33, 37, 45, 79, 91, 101, 298, 316.
Essex, Lord, 278.
Estaing, Comte d’, 4.
Este, 13, 141.
Estob, Lucy, 142.
Estwick, 199.
Eugénie, Empress, 259.
Eustace, Rev. J. C., 83, 291.
---- John Skey, 6.
Ewart, Joseph, 98.
Exeter, Lord, 277.
Eyre, E. J., 93, 165, 201.
---- Lady M., 168.
Fabre, F. X., 254.
Fabricius, J. C., 159.
Fagan, 123.
Fagniani, J. B., 45.
Falkland, Lord, 318.
Faraday, Sir M., 243.
Farel, 180.
Farina, J. M., 157.
Farington, J., 92.
Farnborough, Lord, 39, 317.
Fauriel, Claude, 80.
Fauvelet, 171.
Fazakerley, J. N., 273.
Featherstonehaugh, Sir H., 46, 52, 179.
Félissent, 170.
Fellowes, W. D., 277.
Ferdinand IV., 3.
Fereau, Mlle., 234.
Ferguson, Robert, 49, 222, 227.
Fermor, 13.
Ferrier, James, 68, 138.
Fiévée, Joseph, 170.
Fife, Lord, 56, 317.
Filon, Auguste, 114.
Fincastle, Lord, 318.
Fingall, Lord, 63.
Fitzgerald, C. and R., 258.
---- Lords E. and R., 51, 111, 154, 240, 247, 248, 316.
Fitzherbert, Maria Anne, 13.
Fitzjames, Duc de, 125.
Fitzpatrick, General Richard, 37, 45, 62, 316.
Fitzroy, Lady A., 37.
Fitzwilliam, Lord, 56, 317.
Flaxman, J., 92.
Fleming, Dr. John, 87.
Fleury, Duchesse, 15.
Flin, Robert, 92.
Flint, J. M., 149.
---- William, 259.
Flood, Peter, 83.
Forbes, Lord, 277.
---- James, 11, 119, 123, 166, 194, 201, 206, 225.
Forster, George, 6.
Forsyth, Joseph, 226.
Fortescue. _See_ Ebrington.
Forth, N. P., 247.
Foscolo, Ugo, 276.
Foster, Lady E. and Sir A., 62, 169, 227, 277.
---- J. Leslie, 38, 316.
Fouché, Joseph, 23, 74, 123, 131, 189, 192, 240, 290.
Fox, 149.
---- Charles James, 28, 34, 37, 41, 45, 52, 79, 86, 94, 102, 112,
219, 220, 225, 264, 298, 306, 316.
---- General H. E., 68.
Francis I., 286.
---- Sir P., 38, 45, 316.
Frankland, William, 316.
Frederick II., 56.
Frederick William III. and IV., 286, 298.
Fremantle, Major, 284.
Fries, J. F., 158.
Frisell, J. Fraser, 116, 193.
Frohberg, Count, 252.
Frost, John, 44.
Fulton, Robert, 127.
Fursy-Guesdon, Alexander, 224.
Gage, General Thomas, 207.
Gainsborough, Thomas, 62.
Galignani, John Ant., 149, 206, 288.
Galitzin, Prince, 156.
Galloway. _See_ Garlies.
Gallwey, Henry, 258.
Gamble, John, 172.
Garat, J. P., 130.
Garland, George, 316.
---- Nathaniel, 203, 225.
Garlies, Lord, 318.
Garnerin, A. J., 170.
Garrow, Sir W., 223.
Gavazzi, P. 257.
Gay, Sophie, 171.
Genlis, Mme. de, 132, 156, 162, 191, 247.
George III., 15, 73, 78, 81, 86, 94, 175, 182, 209, 251, 288, 300.
---- IV., 39, 45, 56, 118, 147, 169, 170, 198, 219, 236, 249, 264,
286, 310.
Georges, 74, 98, 129, 143.
Gideon, Sampson, 60.
Giffard, T. and Lady, 64.
Gifford, John, 114, 214.
Gillray, James, 29.
Ginguéné, P. L., 260.
Gladstone, W. E., 54, 98.
Glasgow. _See_ Boyle.
Glasse, Rev. John, 84.
Glenbervie, Lord, 295.
Glengall. _See_ Cahir.
Godfrey, Misses, 54, 236.
Godrich, Lord (afterwards Ripon). _See_ Robinson, F. J.
Goethe, J. W., 87.
Goldsmith, Lewis, 74, 104, 109, 153, 171, 225, 311.
Goold, Valentine, 198.
Gordon, 244.
---- Duchess, 52, 57, 84, 137, 162, 164, 179, 317.
---- Lord George, 151.
Gosford, Lord, 34, 277, 316, 318.
Gourbillon, Mme., 247.
Gower. _See_ Leveson-Gower.
Graham, 248.
---- Sir James, 38, 316.
---- Thomas, 247.
Grainville, J. B., 115.
Granard, Lady, 56, 317.
Grand, G. F., 40, 119, 132.
Grant, Sir Alexander, 64.
Grantham, Lord, 51, 59, 318.
Granville, Lord, 16, 38, 316.
Grasilier, L., 10, 250.
Grattan, H., 273, 302.
Gravina, Duke, 73.
Greathead, Henry, 94, 231.
Greatheed, B., 84, 90, 113, 231.
Green, James, 178, 205.
---- William, 316.
Grégoire, Bishop, 141, 276.
Greig, Admiral A., 244.
Grenville, Lord, 42, 55, 75, 114, 171, 298.
Greville, Charles, 57, 64.
Grey, Lord, 273, 303.
Grieve, George, 6.
Guilford, Lord, 26, 56, 242, 303, 317.
Guillet, 33.
Guitant, 116.
Guizot, F., 128.
Gurney, Hudson, 49, 88.
Gustavus IV., 275.
Haddington, Lord, 277.
Haines, Misses, 149.
Haldimand, William, 50.
Hallam, Henry, 115.
Halpin, John Edward, 233.
Hamersley, H., 50, 96, 97.
Hamilton, Alexander, 89, 158, 226.
---- Lord A., 61, 133, 208, 316.
---- Duke, 62.
---- George, 13, 115.
---- Lord Gustavus, 318.
---- Sir W., 216.
---- Lady, 278.
---- _See_ Douglas.
Hampden, John, 32.
---- _See_ Trevor.
Hardenberg, Baron C. A., 159, 256.
Hardi, General J., 26.
Hardy, Thomas, 14.
Hare, James, 316.
---- Sir Thomas, 38, 65, 227.
Harewood. _See_ Lascelles.
Harrington. _See_ Petersham.
Harris, E. B., 26.
Harrowby, Lord. _See_ Ryder.
Hartley, J. G., 307.
Harvey, Sir Eliab, 72.
---- Elizabeth, 143.
Hastfer, Mme., 159.
Hastings, G. W., 235.
---- Warren, 37, 243, 248.
Hawkesbury. _See_ Liverpool.
Hawthorn, Dr., 209.
Hay, Mrs., 237.
Haydon, B. R., 264, 276, 282, 288, 289.
Hayes, M. A. and E., 92.
---- William, 99.
Hayne, William, 247.
Hazlitt, William, 114.
Heath, C. and J., 93, 233.
Heger, Joseph, 129.
Heine, S., 157.
Hendry, Robert, 260.
Henry IV., 288.
Henson, 212.
Herbert, Sidney, 58.
Hérédia, F. de, 256.
Herries, 97.
Herschel, Sir W., 85, 87.
Hertford. _See_ Yarmouth.
Hesse, Landgrave, 57.
Hickie, 149.
Higginson, Lady, 137.
Hill, Lord, 277.
---- William, 21.
---- Colonel, 210.
Hinchingbrook, Lord, 316, 318.
Hobart, 13.
---- _See_ Mount Edgecumbe.
Hobhouse, J. Cam, 303, 305, 308.
Hoche, General Joseph, 55.
Hodgson, Rev. T., 22, 176.
Hodson, 150.
Hogarth, Dr., 265.
Hohenzollern, Princess, 157.
Holcroft, Thomas, 80, 89, 100, 139, 160, 166, 168, 171.
Holland, Lord, 28, 37, 60, 93, 114, 140, 177, 278, 283, 318, 321.
Hompesch, Baron, 68.
Honywood, Sir J., 64.
Hope, Sir John, 64.
---- Thomas, 26, 113.
Hopkinson, B. J., 258.
Hoppner, John, 92.
Horne Tooke, J., 14, 65, 85, 100.
Hoste, Sir William, 73.
Howden. _See_ Cradock.
Hudson, Thomas, 211.
Hughes, W., 84, 166.
Hugo, Victor, 136.
Humboldt, W., 157.
Hume, Sir A., 39, 46, 88.
---- Dr. J. R., 277.
Hunt, Leigh, 87, 287.
Hunter, Mrs. Orby, 137.
---- William, 27.
Huntingford, Lord, 316.
Huntingtower. _See_ Tollemache.
Hurry, 214.
Hutchinson, Lord, 60, 318.
---- 200.
Hyde de Neville, J. G., 139.
Ilchester, Lord, 277.
Impey, Sir E., 46, 95, 230, 285.
Ingilby, Sir J., 46, 64.
Innes, Consul, 293.
Irnham, Lord, 46.
Jackson, F. and G., 20, 21, 55, 100, 130, 132, 139.
Jacobi, F., 157.
James II., 29.
James, Sir W., 62.
Jay, John, 155.
Jefferson, Thomas, 13, 139.
Jekyll, Joseph, 39, 45, 316.
Jenner, Dr. E., 80, 225, 246.
Jerningham, C., 65, 122, 138, 142, 235.
Jersey, Lady, 296.
Jervis, John, 73, 235.
Jessopp, J. S., 119, 138.
Joan of Arc, 182.
Jodrell, F. and T., 64, 210.
Johnson, Dr., 79, 115, 149.
Johnston, Colonel, 227.
---- Dr., 81.
---- W. and D., 258.
Johnstone, George, 39, 316.
Jomini, Baron Henri, 7.
Jones, Dr., 265.
---- Paul, 6, 70.
---- Rev., 292.
Jordan, Rev., 197.
Josephine, Empress, 91, 100, 117, 175, 224, 225, 228, 243, 312.
Joubert, Joseph, 116.
Junot, Marshal, 32, 131, 178, 194, 232, 275, 313.
Jurien de la Gravière, Admiral, 262.
Kaunitz, Prince, 6.
Kemble, J. P., 93, 140.
Kenmare, Lord, 56, 317.
Kennedy, W. B., 100.
Kent, Duke, 117, 180.
Ker, Walter, 14, 35.
Kilmorey, Lord, 68.
King, Frances, 109, 161.
---- John, 30, 100, 150, 166.
---- Rufus, 155.
Kingston, Countess, 56, 317.
Kinnaird, Lord, 39, 277, 316, 318.
Kirby, Dr. Walter, 261.
Kirkpatrick, Mme., 238.
---- William, 258.
Kirkwall, Lady, 263.
Kirwan, W. B., 27.
Klenke, Helmine, 159.
Klopstock, F. T., 157.
Knatchbull, Sir J., 278.
Knight, 144.
---- Cornelia, 143.
Knox, General John, 16.
---- George, 61, 317.
---- Waring, 197.
---- 210.
Kock, J. G. de, 6.
Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 59, 85, 105, 130, 141, 156.
Kreutzer, Rod., 130.
Krudener, Mme. de, 156.
Krumholz, Mme., 43.
Kyd, Stewart, 79, 216.
Lafayette, Marquis, 32, 38, 60, 70, 85, 244, 276.
Laharpe, J. F., 90.
Lalande, J. J. L., 128.
Lale, 189.
Lally Tollendal, Gérard, 5, 124.
Lamartine, A., 128, 182.
Lamb, Charles, 129.
Lambert, 231.
La Métherie, Jean, 133.
Lammenais, F. de, 233.
Lamoignon, C. F. de, 143.
La Motte, Mme., 124.