Presbytery, was born in Ulster of Scots parentage. In 1676 he went to
Glasgow to attend the classes in the University there, and his name
still stands in the matriculation register of the University:
"Franciscus Makemius ... Scoto-Hibernus," i.e. Francis Makemie, a Scot
of Ireland. In 1683 he was ordained by the Presbytery of Laggan and
sent over to the American colonies, where he immediately began the
organization of churches and presbyteries. William Traill, another
Scot, Moderator of the Presbytery of Laggan, was sent over shortly
before Makemie but he confined his work to preaching. George Gillespie
(1683-1760), born in Glasgow, was one of the earliest ordained
ministers in New Jersey and Delaware. Alexander Garden (1685-1756), an
Episcopalian, born in Edinburgh, settled in Charleston, South
Carolina, as Rector of St. Philip's Episcopal Church. Samuel Auchmuty
(1722-77), son of the eminent Scottish lawyer of Boston, was Rector of
Trinity Church, New York city, and had charge of all the churches
there. Thomas Gordon, the "fighting parson" of Bacon's Rebellion
(1676) was a Scot. Henry Barclay (1712-64), Rector of Trinity Church,
New York, Trustee of the New York Society Library, and a Governor of
Columbia University, was the son of John Barclay, a Scot, Surveyor
General of East New Jersey. Robert Sandeman (1718-71), born in Perth,
and died in Danbury, Connecticut, was principal founder of the
Sandemanians or Glassites. John Mason, a native of Linlithgow, "one of
the most accomplished preachers and pastors of his day," was appointed
Minister of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, New York, in 1761. James
Caldwell (1734-81), soldier parson of the Revolution, was of Scots
parentage or descent. Finding the Revolutionary soldiers short of
wadding he distributed the church hymn books among them, with the
exhortation, "Now, boys, put Watts into them." His son, John E.
Caldwell, was one of the founders of the American Bible Society.
Alexander McWhorter (1734-1807), of Scottish parentage, took an active
part in Revolutionary matters and was a Trustee of Princeton College.
McWhorter Street in Newark, New Jersey, is named in his honor. James
Waddell (1739-1805), famous in Virginia as "The Blind Preacher," was
probably a grandson or great-grandson of William Waddell of Monkland
parish, Scotland, one of the prisoners captured at Bothwell Brig in
1679. Samuel McClintock (1732-1804), minister of Greenland, New
Hampshire, of Scottish origin, was present at Bunker Hill and appears
in Trumbull's painting of the battle. Four of his sons served in the
Revolutionary war. Alexander McLeod (1774-1833), born in the island of
Mull, died in New York as Pastor of the First Reformed Church.
Described as "a powerful preacher, a man of learning and wisdom, and a
devout Christian." George Buist (1770-1808), born in Fifeshire,
Scotland, educated in Edinburgh, "one of the most eloquent and
distinguished divines of his day," was Pastor of the Scots Church in
Charleston and President of the College of Charleston. Alexander
Campbell (1786-1866), founder of the Campbellites, was born in Antrim
of Scots ancestry. Walter Scott, another of the founders, was born in
Moffat, Dumfriesshire. John Dempster (1794-1843), founder of Boston
Theological Seminary, which afterwards became the Theological School
of Boston University, was of Scots parentage. Peter Douglas Gorrie
(1813-84), clergyman, and historian of the Methodist Church in the
United States, was born in Glasgow. John McClintock (1814-70), of Drew
Theological Seminary and leading editor of McClintock and Strong's
"Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature,"
was of Scottish descent. Robert Stuart MacArthur, born in Canada, in
1841, of Scots parentage, Minister of Calvary Baptist Church, New
York, has published many volumes of sermons, essays, and narratives of
travel. Robert Mackenzie (b. 1845), President of San Francisco
Theological Seminary, was born in Cromarty. Robert McIntyre (b. 1851),
Methodist Episcopal Bishop of California, was born in Selkirk. Joseph
Plumb Cochran, Medical Missionary to Persia, the "Hakim Sahib" of the
natives, was grandson of a Scot. John Alexander Dowie (1848-1907),
founder of the so-called "Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in
Zion," was born in Edinburgh. Mary M. Baker Glover Eddy (1821-1910),
claimed partly Scots descent (from MacNeils of Barra).
Charles Pettigrew (1743-1807), Bishop of the Diocese of North
Carolina, was of Scottish descent. James Kemp (1764-1827), second
Bishop of Maryland, was born at Keithhall in Aberdeenshire. Charles
Pettit McIlvaine (1799-1873), Bishop of Ohio (1832-73), author of
"Evidences of Christianity," 1832, was also of Scottish origin, from
the MacIlvaines of Ayrshire. William Edward McLaren (1831-1905), third
Bishop of Chicago, was grandson of a Scot. The first missionary Bishop
of Duluth, James Dow Morrison (b. 1844), was son of Rev. John Morrison
and his wife who emigrated from Glasgow in 1837. Abram Newkirk
Littlejohn (1824-91), first Bishop of Long Island, was a descendant of
Hugh Littlejohn of Perthshire. James Steptoe Johnston (b. 1843),
second Bishop of western Texas, was of Scottish descent; and Hugh
Miller Thompson (1830-1902), second Bishop of Mississippi, was an
Ulster Scot, born in Londonderry.
Richard Gilmour (1824-91), second Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese
of Cleveland (1872-91), born in Glasgow, Scotland, of Presbyterian
parents, was noted for his zeal in behalf of Catholic education.
Robert Seton (b. 1839), a descendent of the Setons of Winton, was
created Archbishop of Heliopolis in 1903. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton
(1774-1821), of the same family, was founder of the Roman Catholic
Order of Sisters of Charity (1809), of which she was the first Mother
Superior.
John McLean (1759-1823), merchant and philanthropist, was founder of
McLean Asylum for Insane at Somerville, Massachusetts. Robert Rantoul
(1778-1848), of Scottish parentage, worked hard to ameliorate the
criminal legislation of the country, and took part in establishing a
charity school at Beverly, Massachusetts, which was said to be the
first Sunday School in America. Mrs. Graham, a Scotswoman, celebrated
in New York city for her benevolence and charity, founded a Sunday
School in New York for young women in 1792. The movement however
languished for some years until her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, also born
in Scotland, organized the Female Sabbath School Union of New York in
1816. By her work in this connection Mrs. Bethune earned her title of
"Mother of Sabbath Schools in America." Fanny Wright (1795-1852),
Madame Frances D'Arusmont, born in Dundee, Scotland, lectured
extensively in the United States on social, religious, and political
questions, and was the author of "Views on Society and Manners in
America," etc. Robert Dale Owen (1801-77), born in Glasgow, social
reformer, spiritualist, author, and Member of Congress from Indiana
(1843-47), was a strong advocate of negro emancipation. James Miller
McKim (1810-1874), of Ulster Scot descent, was one of the organizers
of the National Anti-Slavery Society (1835), later publishing agent of
the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, and in 1865 one of the founders
of the New York "Nation." Albert Brisbane (1809-90), of Scottish and
English descent, was the "Father of American Fourierism." Albert Keith
Smiley (1828-1912), educator and reformer, was born in Maine of
Scottish ancestry; and Thomas Kirby Cree, of Ulster Scot origin, was
Secretary for twenty-five years of the International Committee of the
Young Mens' Christian Association. John MacVicar born in Canada in
1859 of Scottish parents, was one of the originators of the Commission
form of government, developing what became known as the "Des Moines
Plan." James Duncan, born in Kincardine in 1857, is the well-known
Labor Leader.
SCOTS AS LAWYERS
John Mercer (1704-68), author of "An exact abridgment of all the
public Acts of Assembly," Williamsburg, 1737, was a descendant of the
Mercers of Aldie. Robert Auchmuty (born in Scotland, died in Boston,
1750), and his sons were distinguished lawyers of Colonial times. Hugh
Maxwell (1787-1873), born in Paisley, was Assistant Judge Advocate
General (1814) and District Attorney of New York (1819-29). Edward
Duffield Ingraham (1793-1854), of Scottish descent, was at the head of
the legal profession of his time in Philadelphia. He was also an
eminent bibliophile, possessing a library of thirty thousand volumes.
Robert Rantoul (1805-52), of Scots ancestry, was member of the first
Commission to Revise the Laws of Massachusetts, Member of the first
Massachusetts Board of Education, "an honor intended to be conferred
only on such as were well qualified by their literary acquisitions to
discharge its responsible duties." He was also a prominent agitator
against the fugitive slave law, and organizer and corporator of the
Illinois Central Railroad, the first transcontinental line projected.
John Jay McGilvra (1827-1903), of Scots parentage, took part in many
prominent enterprises for the public benefit in Washington State, and
forced the Northern Pacific Railroad to restore five million acres to
public domain. Lawrence Maxwell, born in Glasgow in 1853, was
Solicitor-General of the United States (1893-95), and also held many
other important positions. David Robert Barclay, author of the well
known "Barclay's Digest" of the decisions of the Supreme Court (St.
Louis, 1868) was of Scots descent. William Birch Rankine (1858-1905)
of Scots parentage, took up the work of developing Niagara power and
founded the Niagara Falls Power Company (1886). Thomas M. Logan (b.
1840), lawyer, soldier, and railroad officer was a descendant of Logan
of Restalrig. David Clarence Gibboney (b. 1869), Special Counsel for
the Pure Food Commission in 1906, grandson of a Scot, has also made a
reputation for prosecution of gamblers, dive-keepers, illicit liquor
dealers, etc., in Philadelphia.
SCOTS IN ART, ARCHITECTURE, ETC.
John Smibert (c. 1684-1751), born in Edinburgh, came to America in
1728 and settled in Boston, where he met success as a portrait
painter. He was the first painter of merit in the colonies, and
painted portraits of many of the eminent magistrates and divines of
New England and New York between 1725 and 1751, the year of his death.
His work had much influence on the American artist, John Singleton
Copley. Gilbert Charles Stuart (1755-1828), born in Rhode Island of
Scottish parents, was the foremost American portrait painter of his
day. He painted several portraits of Washington, and also portraits of
Presidents John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Jefferson, Madison, Justice
Story, Fisher Ames, John Jacob Astor and others. Cosmo Alexander, a
skilled portrait painter, born in Scotland, was his teacher for a
time. Charles Fraser (1782-1860), born in Charleston, South Carolina,
of Scottish ancestry, first studied law and retired with a competency.
He then took up art and achieved eminent success in miniature painting
and as a painter of landscapes, pictures of genre, still life, etc.
William Dunlap (1766-1839), artist and dramatist, founder and early
Vice-President of the National Academy of Design, was of Ulster Scot
descent. His family name was originally Dunlop. Robert Walter Weir
(1803-89), of Scots parentage, is best known for his historical
pictures, he being one of the first in America to take up this branch
of the art. "The Embarkation of the Pilgrims" (1836-40) in the Rotunda
of the Capitol at Washington is by him. Russell Smith, born in Glasgow
in 1812, was a scientific draughtsman and landscape painter. Two of
his finest landscapes, "Chocorua Peak" and "Cave at Chelton Hills"
were exhibited in the Philadelphia Exhibition of 1876. His son,
Xanthus (b. 1839), was a well-known marine and landscape painter and
painted many of the naval engagements of the Civil War. James Hope,
born near Abbotsford in 1818, settled in New York in 1853,
distinguished as a landscapist, was chosen an Associate of the
National Academy in 1865. Alexander Hay Ritchie (1822-95), born in
Glasgow and educated in Edinburgh, was a most successful painter in
oils as well as an engraver in stipple and mezzotint. His paintings of
the "Death of Lincoln" and "Washington and his Generals," obtained
great popularity. As a portrait painter fine examples of his work are
"Dr. McCosh" of Princeton, "Henry Clay," etc. He also did a good deal
of book illustrating. Thomas Lachlan Smith (d. 1884), also born in
Glasgow, was noted for his Winter scenes. Two notable pictures of his,
"The Deserted House" and "The Eve of St. Agnes," were exhibited at the
Centennial Exhibition. Still another Glasgow artist, John Williamson
(1826-85), born at the Tollcross in that famous city, became an
Associate of the National Academy, and made the scenery of the Hudson
and the Catskills his special study as shown by his "The Palisades,"
"Sugar Loaf Mountain," "Autumn in the Adirondacks," etc. William Hart
(1823-94), born in Paisley, became an Academican in 1857, and was
afterwards President of the Brooklyn Academy and of the American Water
Color Society. James McDougall Hart (1828-1901), born in Kilmarnock,
brother of William Hart, already mentioned, Academican of the National
Academy of Design, was noted for his landscapes and paintings of
cattle and sheep. His "Summer Memory of Berkshire" and his "Indian
Summer" attracted considerable attention at the Paris Salon in 1878.
James David Smillie (1833-1909), son of James Smillie, the Scottish
engraver, during the Civil War made designs for government bonds and
greenbacks. In 1864 he took up landscape painting and was one of the
founders of the American Water Color Society (1867) and National
Academican in 1876. His brother, George Henry Smillie (b. 1840), was
also distinguished as a landscape painter. He made a sketching tour in
the Rocky Mountains and the Yosemite Valley in 1871, and became a
National Academican in 1882. Walter Shirlaw, born in Paisley,
Scotland, in 1838, died in Madrid, Spain, in 1909, was the first
President of the Society of American Artists. His easel pictures "are
marked by rich color and fine composition, and he is one of the few
American artists who have successfully painted the nude. His
water-colors and etchings have brought him high reputation in these
forms of expression." Walter MacEwen, born in Chicago of Scottish
parents, has painted many pictures and has received medals and
decorations for his work. In 1895-96 he painted nine large panels and
a number of small ones for the Hall of Heroes in the Library of
Congress. George Inness (1825-94), the famous American painter, is
believed to have been of Scottish ancestry. James T. Dick (1834-68),
William Keith (b. Aberdeenshire, 1839), Robert Frank Dallas (b. 1855),
John White Alexander (b. 1856), Robert Bruce Crane (b. 1857), Addison
Thomas Miller (b. 1860), and John Humpreys Johnston, are all artists
of Scottish parentage or Scottish ancestry. John Robinson Tait (b.
1834), artist and author, son of a native of Edinburgh, has written
much on art subjects. John Wesley Beatty (b. 1851), Art Director of
the Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, is of Scottish parentage. John
Ward Dunsmore (b. 1856), Director of the Detroit Museum of Arts and
Founder of the Detroit School of Arts; and John Ferguson Weir (b.
1841), Dean of the School of Fine Arts at Yale University, are of
Scottish descent.
Alexander Lawson (1773-1846), born in Lanarkshire, died in
Philadelphia, was famous as the engraver of the best plates in
Alexander Wilsons's _Ornithology_ and the plates on conchology for
Haldeman and Binney. His son, Oscar A. Lawson (1813-54), was chart
engraver of the United States Coast Survey, 1840-51. Samuel Allerdice
engraved a large number of plates of Dobson's edition of Rees's
_Cyclopædia_, 1794-1803. Hugh Anderson, a Scot, did good line and
stipple work in Philadelphia in the first quarter of the nineteenth
century. George Murray, born in Scotland, died in Philadelphia in
1822, organized the bank-note and engraving firm of Murray, Draper,
Fairman & Co., in 1810-11, the best note engravers in this country in
their day. John Vallance, also born in Scotland, died in Philadelphia
in 1823, was one of the founders of the Association of Artists in
America, and Treasurer of the Society of Artists in Philadelphia in
1810. James Smillie (1807-85), born in Edinburgh, died in New York,
was celebrated as an engraver of bank notes and as an engraver of
landscapes. Among his best works are Cole's series "The Voyage of
Life," and Bierstadt's "Rocky Mountains." Dr. Alexander Anderson
(1775-1870), the "Bewick of America," born in New York of Scots
parentage, at the age of ninety-three engraved some illustrations for
Barbour's "Historical Collections of New Jersey." Robert Hinschelwood,
born in Edinburgh in 1812, studied under Sir William Allen, was
landscape engraver for Harpers and other New York publishers and also
engraver for the Continental Bank Note Company. John Geikie Wellstood,
born in Edinburgh in 1813, was another eminent engraver. In 1858 his
firm was merged in the American Bank Note Co., and in 1871 he founded
the Columbian Bank Note Company of Washington, D.C. He also made many
improvements in the manufacture of banknotes. Charles Burt (c.
1823-92), born in Edinburgh, died in Brooklyn, a pupil of William Home
Lizars of Edinburgh, did some fine plates and portraits for books and
for several years was one of the chief engravers for the Treasury
Department in Washington. Hezekiah Wright Smith, born in Edinburgh, in
1828, engraved portraits of Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, and his
head of Washington, after the Athenæum head by Gilbert Stuart, is said
to be "the best engraving of this famous portrait ever made."
Nathaniel Orr (b. 1822), of Scottish ancestry, retired in 1888 "with
the reputation of having brought the art of wood engraving to the
highest perfection, and the signature 'Orr,' cut in the block was
always a sure guarantee of art excellence." Robert Shaw, born in
Delaware in 1859 of Scottish parentage, has made a reputation by his
etchings of famous historical buildings. His etching, the "Old Barley
Mill" ranks as one of the best etchings made in this country. A few
other Scottish engravers who produced good work were Robert Campbell,
William Charles (d. Philadelphia, 1820), Alexander L. Dick (1805),
W.H. Dougal (he dropped the "Mac" for some reason), Helen E. Lawson
(daughter of Alexander Lawson already mentioned), John Roberts
(1768-1803), William Main Smillie (1835-88), son of James Smillie
mentioned above, and William Wellstood (1819-1900).
John Crookshanks King (1806-82), born in Kilwinning, Ayrshire,
emigrated to America in 1829, and died in Boston, was celebrated for
his busts of Daniel Webster, John Quincy Adams, Louis Agassiz, the
naturalist, Ralph Waldo Emerson, etc. He also excelled as a maker of
cameo portraits. Thomas Crawford (1814-57), one of the greatest if not
the greatest sculptor of America, was of Scottish descent. His works
include "Armed Liberty" (bronze doors), Beethoven, bust of John
Quincy, Washington, "Orpheus," etc. Frederick William MacMonnies, born
in Brooklyn in 1863 of Scottish parents (his father was a native of
Whithorn, Wigtownshire), is sculptor of the statue of Nathan Hale in
City Hall Park, New York; "Victory" at West Point, etc. Robert
Ingersoll Aitken, born in San Francisco of Scottish parents, is
designer of the monuments to President McKinley at St. Helena,
Berkeley, and in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. He also designed the
monument to the American Navy in Union Square, San Francisco. In 1906
he moved to New York and has executed busts of some of the most
prominent Americans of the day. Notable of his ideal sculptures are
"Bacchante" (1908), "The Flame" (1909), and "Fragment" (1909). John
Massey Rhind, Member of the National Sculpture Society, one of the
foremost sculptors of the present day, was born in Edinburgh in 1858.
James Wilson, Alexander Macdonald (1824-1908), and Hermon Atkins
MacNeil (1866) are also of Scottish origin.
Alexander Milne Calder, born in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1846, began
life as a gardener, studied with Alexander Brodie and John Rhind and
in London and Paris, came to America in 1868, and is best known as
having made the sculpture for the Philadelphia City Hall including the
heroic statue of William Penn, which crowns the tower. His son,
Alexander Stirling Calder, born in Philadelphia in 1870, is also a
sculptor of note, and was acting chief of the Department of Sculpture,
Panama-Pacific Exposition, San Francisco, 1913-1915. Robert Tait
MacKenzie, born in Ontario, Canada, in 1867, son of Rev. William
Mackenzie, a graduate of Edinburgh, has created several groups of
athletes in action of great force and beauty. Dr. Mackenzie is a
physician and director of the Department of Physical Education in the
University of Pennsylvania.
Thomas MacBean, the architect of St. Paul's Chapel, Broadway, New York
City, built in 1764-66, was a Scot who received his training under
James Gibbs (an Aberdonian), architect of St. Martin-in-the-Fields,
London. John Notman (1810-65), born in Edinburgh, designed and
constructed some of the most important buildings in Philadelphia and
also the State Capitol, Trenton. James Renwick (1818-95), born in New
York city of Scottish ancestry, planned the distributing reservoir on
Fifth Avenue, New York, where the New York Public Library now stands.
He was one of the greatest architects in this country, and the beauty
of his work--to cite only a few of his most notable creations--is
amply attested by Grace Church, Calvary Church, and St. Patrick's
Cathedral, in New York; the Smithsonian Institution and Corcoran Art
Gallery, in Washington; and Vassar College in Poughkeepsie. John
McArthur (1823-90), born in Bladenoch, Wigtownshire, designed and
constructed Philadelphia City Hall, Lafayette College, the "Public
Ledger" building in Philadelphia, several hospitals, etc. Alexander
Campbell Bruce (b. 1835), of Scottish parentage, designed a number of
court-houses and other public buildings in Tennessee, Georgia,
Alabama, Florida, and North Carolina, besides schools, libraries,
churches, hotels, etc. He easily became the foremost architect of the
South. Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-86), of Scottish descent, drew
the plans for many important buildings, but Trinity Protestant
Episcopal Church in Boston, is considered his masterpiece. James
Hamilton Windrim (b. 1840), architect and Director of Public Works in
Philadelphia, was of Ulster Scot parentage. His services were utilized
in the planning and construction of some of the most important
buildings in Philadelphia. The Masonic Temple in that city is believed
to be his masterpiece. The designer of many of the notable bridges of
Philadelphia was Frank Burns (1844-1913), an architectural draughtsman
of Scottish descent. Harold Van Buren Magonigle (b. 1867), designer of
the monument to the Seamen of U.S.S. _Maine_ (1900), Cornell Alumni
Hall, Ithaca, the National McKinley Memorial at Canton, Ohio, etc., is
the grandson of John Magonigle of Greenock. The builder of the world
famed Smithsonian Institution in Washington was Gilbert Cameron (d.
1866), a native of Greenock, and Scottish stone-masons were largely
employed in the construction of many of the most important buildings
in the country, such as the Metropolitan Museum and Tombs in New York,
the Capitol in Albany, the State House in Boston, the City Hall in
Chicago, etc. Alexander McGaw (1831-1905), born in Stranraer,
Wigtownshire, was famous as a bridge-builder and as builder of the
pedestal of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. John L. Hamilton
(1835-1904), born in Newmilns, Ayrshire, came to the United States in
1853, and soon became eminent as a builder.
Duncan Phyfe, maker of exquisite furniture, who adapted and improved
the Sheraton style, and considered by good judges to be the equal of
Sheraton, Hipplewhite, and Adams, was a Scot who came to America about
1784. His father was John Fife of Inverness. Dyer, who devotes a
chapter of his _Early American Craftsmen_ to him, says "no other
American made anything comparable to ... the exquisite furniture of
Duncan Phyfe." The name of Samuel McIntire (d. 1811) stands out
pre-eminent as master of all the artists in wood of his time. An
account of his work is given by Dyer with illustrations of his work.
In 1812, Thomas Haig, a native of Scotland, a Queensware potter,
started the Northern Liberties Pottery, and turned out a beautiful
quality of red and black earthenware. About 1829 the works of the
Jersey Porcelain and Earthenware Company (founded 1825) were purchased
by David and J. Henderson. Some of the productions of the Hendersons
are especially sought after by collectors. The firm is now known as
the Jersey City Pottery. The Scottish firm of J. and G.H. Gibson,
glass-stainers, Philadelphia, obtained a national reputation for
artistic work. Daniel and Nathaniel Munroe, clockmakers, were famous
as such in Massachusetts in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Henry Mitchell (1810-93), born in Fifeshire, was the pioneer
wagon-builder of the west. Frederick Turnbull (1847-1909), who
introduced the art of Turkey-red dyeing into this country about 1850,
was born in Glasgow.
Will C. Macfarlane (b. 1870), organist and composer, was born in
England of Scottish origin. His compositions include songs, anthems,
organ music, a Lenten Cantata, "The Message from the Cross." His
setting of Katherine Lee Bates's patriotic hymn, "America, the
Beautiful," has had nation-wide usage. William Wallace Gilchrist (b.
1846), composer, was of Scottish descent; and Edward Alexander
MacDowell (1861-1908), composer and Professor of Music in Columbia
University, was of Ulster Scot origin.
Robert Campbell Maywood (1784-1856), actor and theatrical manager in
Philadelphia, was born in Greenock, Scotland. Edwin Forrest
(1806-1872), the celebrated American actor, was the son of a native of
Dumfriesshire; and Robert Bruce Mantell, who made his debut in
Rochdale, England, was born in Irvine, Ayrshire, in 1854. James Edward
Murdoch (1811-93), grandson of a Scottish immigrant, was Professor of
Elocution at Cincinnati College of Music, and later a leading actor on
the American stage. During the Civil War he devoted his energies to
support of the Union and gave readings for the benefit of the United
States Sanitary Commission. Benjamin Franklin Keith (1846-1914),
theater proprietor, was of Scottish descent. Mary Garden, Singer and
Director of Grand Opera, was born in Aberdeen in 1877. James H.
Stoddart, the veteran actor, was also of Scottish origin.
SCOTS AS INVENTORS