Bahnsen, J.
Bain, Alexander
Baku
Barclay
Bardili
Bartholomaei
Barzellotti, G.
Basedow
Bauer, Bruno
Bauer, Edgar
Baumann, J.
Baumeister
Baumgarten, Alex.
Baumgarten, Siegmund
Bäumker, Cl.
Baur, F.C.
Bayle, P.,
doctrine of,
and Leibnitz
Beattie, J.
Beck, Sigismund
Beckers, H.,
Bekker, Balthasar, III
Belger
Bellarmin
Beneke, F.E.
Benoit, G. von
Bentham, J.
Bentley, Richard
Berger, J.E. von
Bergmann, J.
Berkeley, George,
position in modern philosophy,
view of mind and matter,
relation to Locke on perception,
on knowledge,
his system,
relation to Hume,
relation to Scottish School,
relation to Condillac,
his idealism criticised by Kant,
referred to
Bernard, Claude
Bernheim
Bessarion
Bezold, F. von,
Biberg
Biedermann, A.E.
Biedermann, Fr. K.
Bilfinger
Billewicz, J. von,
Biran, Maine de
Blignières
Bluntschli
Bodin(us)
Body and Mind, _see_ Mind and Body
Boëthius, D.
Böhme, Jacob,
system of,
and Schelling
Böhmer
Böhringer, A.
Bolin, W.
Bolingbroke
Bolzano, B.
Bonald, Victor de
Bonatelli, F.
Bonitz, H.
Bonnet
Bontekoe
Boole, G.
Borelius, J.
Borelli
Borgeaud
Bosanquet, B.
Böstrom, C.J.
Botta, V.
Bouillier
Bourdin
Bourignon, Antoinette
Bowen, F.
Bowne, B.P.
Boyle, R.
Bradley, F.H.
Brahé, Tycho
Brandes, G.
Brandis, C.A.
Braniss, J.
Brasch, M.
Brentano, F.
Bröchner, H.
Brockerhoff
Brown, Thomas
Browne, Peter
Browne, Sir Thomas
Brucker
Bruder
Brunnhofer
Bruno, Giordano
system of
and Spinoza,
and Schelling
Brütt, M.
Buchanan, George
Büchner, L.
Buckle
Budde
Buffon
Burckhardt
Burdach, K.F.
Burgersdijck
Burke, Edmund
Burt, B.C.
Busch, O.
Butler, Joseph
Butler, N.M.
Cabanis
Caesalpin
Caird, Edward
Caird, John
Cairns
Calker, F.V.
Camerer
Campanella, Thomas
system of
Campe
Cantoni
Cantor, G.
Caporali, E.
Cardanus, Hieronymus
Carlyle, Thomas
Carneri
Caro, E.
Carpenter, W.B.
Carrière, M.
Cartesians, the
Locke's relation to
Leibnitz's relation to
Carus, F.A.
Carus, K.G.
Carus, P.
Caspari, O.
Categories, the, Kant on
Hegel's doctrine of
Caterus
Causation
Spinoza's view of
Locke on
Hume's skeptical analysis of
Kant on
Schopenhauer on
Lotze on
Hartmann on
_See also_ Sufficient Reason, Teleology
Cesca, Giovanni
Chalybaeus
Chandler, Samuel
Channing, W.E.
Character, the Intelligible
in Kant
in Schelling
in Schopenhauer
Charron, Pierre
Christ, P.
Chubb, Thomas
Cieszkowski, A. von
Clarke, Samuel
ethics of
Class, G.
Classen, A.
Clauberg
_Cogito ergo sum_
the Cartesian
Cohen, H.
Colecchi, A.
Coleridge, S.T.
Collard, Royer
Collier, Arthur
Collins, Anthony
Collins, F.H.
Collins, W.L.
Combachius
Comenius
Commer, E.
Common Sense, Scottish doctrine of
Comte, Auguste
Condillac
doctrine of
Condorcet
Conn, H.W.
Conybeare, J.
Copernicus, N.
Cordemoy
Cosmological Argument, the
in Locke
in Rousseau
in Leibnitz
in Kant
Cotes, Roger
Cousin, Victor
Cremonini
Crescas, Chasdai
Creuz, K. von
Critique of Reason, the
meaning of
the neo-Kantians on
its central position in modern thought
Crousaz
Crusius, C.A.
Cudworth, Ralph
ethics of
Cumberland, Richard
Czolbe, H.
D'Alembert
Damiron
Danzel
Darjes
Darwin, Charles
Darwin, Erasmus
Daub, K.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Deism
naturalism of
in Herbert
in English thinkers of XVIII. century
in Hume
in Rousseau
of Reimarus
in Lessing
Kant's relation to
_See also_ Faith, Faith and Reason, Religion, Theology
Delboeuf
Delff, H.
De Morgan, A.
Denifle
Des Bosses
Descartes, René
system of
and occasionalism
and Spinoza
and Locke
and Leibnitz
_See also_ Spinoza
Desdouits
Dessoir, M.
Deter
Determinism
in Hobbes
in Spinoza
of the early associationalists
of Hume
in Leibnitz
of Schleiermacher
of Herbart
of Schopenhauer
of J.S. Mill
of Jonathan Edwards
_See also_ Character, the Intelligible; Freedom of the Will
Deussen, P.
Deutinger, M.
De Wette
Dewey, J.
Diderot, Denis
Diels, H.
Dieterich, K.
Digby, Everard
Dillman
Dilthey, W.
doctrine of,
Dippe, A.
Döring, A.
Dorner, A.
Doubt
the Cartesian
in Bayle
Rousseau's reverential
Drobisch, M.W.
Droz
Druskowitz, Helene
Du Bois-Reymond, E
Dühring, E.
Dumont, E.
Duncan, G.M.
Durdik
Ebbinghaus, H.
Eberhard, J.A.
Echtermeyer
Eckhart
Eclecticism, of the German Illumination
of Schleiermacher
of Cousin and his School
Edfeldt, H.
Education
Locke on
Rousseau on
Edwards, Jonathan
Ego, the
certain knowledge of, in Campanella, and Descartes
the individual, and the transcendental consciousness in Kant
Fichte's doctrine of
a complex of representations in Beneke
Fortlage on
Herbart's doctrine of
the neo-Kantians on the individual, and the transcendental consciousness
_See also_ Soul
Ellis
Emerson, R.W.
Empiricism
founded by Bacon
in Hobbes
and rationalism
of Locke
of J.S. Mill
of Opzoomer
Liebmann on
_See also_ Experience, Sensationalism
Encyclopedists, the
Engel, J.J.
Ennemoser
Erasmus, Desiderius
Erdmann, Benno
works by
Erdmann, J.E.
works by
philosophy of
Erhardt, F.
Eschenmayer, K.A.
Ethelism
in Crusius
of Fichte
of Schopenhauer
in Hartmann
_See also_ Panthelism.
Ethics
Bacon on
Hobbes's political theory of
Descartes on
Geulincx on
Spinoza on
Pascal on
Malebranche on
Locke on
English, of XVIII. century
Hume's empirical and mechanical
of French sensationalists
of French materialists
of Rousseau
of Leibnitz
of Herder
of Kant
of Fichte
of Schleiermacher
of Hegel
of J.F. Fries
of Beneke
of Herbart
of Schopenhauer
of Comte
of Bentham
of J.S. Mill,
of Spencer
of T.H. Green
of Lotze
of Hartmann
recent German interest in
Eucken, R.
works by
philosophy of
Everett, C.C.
Evil
Weigel on the origin of
Böhme on the origin of
Spinoza's doctrine of
Leibnitz's doctrine of
Schelling's theory of
Baader's theory of
Fechner's view of
_See also_ Optimism, Pessimism
Evolution
in the sense of explication in Nicolas of Cusa
and involution in Leibnitz
cosmical, of Spencer
biological, of Darwin
_Cf_. also the systems of Schelling, Hegel, Hartmann
Exner, F.
Experience
the basis of science in Bacon
Kant on
Green on
Liebmann's view of
_See also_ Empiricism, Sensationalism
External World, the
reality of, in Descartes
knowledge and reality of, in Locke
Berkeley on
Kant on the reality of
the "material of duty in the form of sense" in Fichte
Faber Stapulensis (Lefèvre of Etaples)
Faith
the reformers' view of
Deistic view of
Kant on
Kant on moral or practical
Paulsen on practical
_See also_ Deism
Faith and Reason,
the relation of, in modern philosophy
Bayle on
Locke on
Deistic view of
in Rousseau
Leibnitz on
Lessing on
Baader on
Schleiermacher on
_See also_ Deism
Faith Philosophy, the
of Hamann
of Herder
of Jacobi
elements of, in J.F. Fries
Falckenberg, R.
works by
Farrer, J.A.
Fechner, G.T.
system of
Fechner, H.A.
Feder, J.G.H.
Feeling
the basis of knowledge in Pascal
the central doctrine of Rousseau
central to religion in Schleiermacher
_See also_ The Faith Philosophy
Ferguson, Adam
Ferrari, Giuseppe
Ferraz
Ferri, L.
Ferrier, D.
Ferrier, J.F.
Fester, R.
Feuerbach, L.
philosophy of
Fichte, I.H.
Fichte, J.G.
and Kant
system of
and Schelling
and Hegel
and Herbart
and Lotze
_See also_ Idealism, Jacobi, Kant
Ficinus
Filmer
Final Causes, _see_ Teleology
Fiorentino, F.
Fischer, E.L.
Fischer, K. Ph.
Fischer, Karl
Fischer, Kuno
works by
on Spinoza
on Kant
his philosophy
and neo-Kantianism
Fiske, John
Flint, K.
Fludd, R.
Flügel
Forberg
Forge, L. de la
Fortlage, Karl
works by
system of
Fouillèe, A.
Fowler, Thos.
Fox Bourne
Franchi, A.
Franck, A.
Franck, Sebastian
Francke
Frantz, K.
Eraser, A.C.
Frauenstädt, J.
Frederichs, F.
Frederick the Great
Freedom of the Will, Hobbes's denial of
Descartes's unlimited affirmation of
denied by Spinoza
Locke on
denied by Hume
in Rousseau
Leibnitz on
Herder on
Kant on
Fichte on
Schelling on
Herbart on
Schopenhauer on
J-S. Mill on
_See also_ Character, the Intelligible; Determinism
Frege, G.
Freudenthal, J.
Fries, A. de
Fries, J.F., and Kant
an opponent of constructive idealism
his system
and Herbart
Froschammer
Fullerton, G.S.
Gabler
Gale
Galileo (Galileo Galilei)
his work as a foundation for modern physics
his system
Galluppi, P.
Galton, Francis
Garve, C.
Gassendi, P.
Gauss
Gay
Geijer, E.G.
Geil
Genovesi, A.
Gentilis, Albericus
George, L.
George of Trebizond
Georgius Scholarius (Gennadius)
Gerdil, S.
Gerhardt
Gerson
Gersonides
Geulincx, Arnold
Gichtel
Gierke, O.
Gilbert, William
Gioberti, V.
Gioja, M.
Gizycki, G. von
Glanvil
Glisson, Francis
Glogau, G.
God, doctrine of, in Nicolas of Cusa
in Taurellus
in Bruno
Campanella's argument for the existence of
Weigel's doctrine of
Böhme's doctrine of
Descartes's arguments for the existence of
Spinoza's doctrine of
Malebranche's view of
Locke's doctrine of
Berkeley ascribes ideas of sense-world to
Hume's doctrine of
Voltaire's doctrine of
Holbach's discussion of
Leibnitz's doctrine of
Reimarus's doctrine of
Lessing's doctrine of
Herder's doctrine of
Jacobi's doctrine of
Kant on the arguments for the existence of
Fichte's doctrine of
Schelling's doctrine of
F. Krause's doctrine of
Baader's doctrine of
Schleiermacher's doctrine of
Beneke's doctrine of
Herbart's doctrine of
Böstrom's doctrine of
the doctrine of, in Hegel's School
Strauss's doctrine of
Feuerbach's doctrine of
the doctrine of, in the Theistic School
Fechner on the relation of God and the world
Lotze's doctrine of
Hartmann's doctrine of
See also:
Cosmological Argument
Deism
Ontological Argument
Religion
Teleological Argument
Theology
Göhring, C.
Golther, L. von
Göschel
Goethe
Gottsched
Gracian, B.
Grazia, V. de
Green, T.H., works by
doctrine of
Grimm, E.
Grimm, F.M., Baron von
Groos, K.
Grot, N. von
Grote, John
Grotius, Hugo
Grubbe, S.
Gruber, H.
Grün, K.
Guhrauer
Günther, A.
Gutberlet, C.
Guthrie, M.
Güttler, C.
Guyau, J.M.
Gwinner, W.
Haeckel, E.
Haeghen, V. van der
Hagemann
Hall, G.S.
Hallier
Hamann, J.G.
Hamann, O.
Hamberger
Hamilton, Sir William
Harless, A. von
Harmony
Leibnitz's pre-established
Wolff's development of Leibnitz's, pre-established
Harms, F.
Harris, W.T.
Harrison, Frederic
Hartenstein, G.
Hartley, David
Hartmann, E. von
works by
system of
Harvey
Hase, K.A.
Hassbach
Hausegger
Hausrath
Havet
Haym, R.
Hazard, R.G.
Heath
Hebler, C.
Heereboord
Hegel, G.W.F.
and Schelling
system of
opponents of
influence and followers of
_See also_ J.G. Fichte, Kant, Schelling
Hegelians, the Old
the Young
_See also_ Semi-Hegelians
Hegler, A.
Heiland, K.
Heinze, M.
Helmholtz, H.
Helmont, F.M. van
Helmont, J.B. van
Helvetius, C.A.
Hemming
Hemsterhuis, F.
Herbart, J.F.
system of
_See also_ J.G. Fichte
Herbert, Lord, of Cherbury
Herder, J.G.
system of
Schelling and
Hering
Hermann, C.
Hermann, W.
Hermes, G.
Herz, M.
Heusde, P.W. van
Heussler, H.
Heyder, Karl
Hinneberg
Hinrichs
Hirnhaym
History
Machiavelli on
Herder's philosophy of
Kant's view of
Fichte's view of
Schelling's view of
F. Krause's philosophy of
Hegel's philosophy of
Vico's philosophy of
History of Philosophy, the
importance of
method in
Hegel's view of
recent development of
Hobbes, Thomas
his system
and Descartes
and Spinoza
and Locke
and Hume
and Pufendorf
Höffding, H.
Hoffmann, Franz
Höijer, B.
Holbach, Baron von
Hölder, A.
Hölderlin
Home, Henry, (Lord Kames)
Horváth
Horwicz, A.
Hotho
Huber, J.
Huber, U.
Huet(ius), P.D.
Hufeland
Hume, David
system of
and Scottish School
and Kant
_See also_ Berkeley, Locke
Hunt, J.
Husserl, E.G.
Hutcheson, Francis
Huxley, T.H.
Ibbot
Idealism
phenomenal or individual of Berkeley
in Leibnitz
critical or transcendental, of Kant
post-Kantian, of Beck
subjective, of Fichte
objective, of Schelling
absolute or logical, of Hegel
the opposition to constructive
in Schopenhauer
German, in Great Britain
of Green
in America
ethical or ideological, of Lotze
idealistic reaction in Germany against the scientific spirit
Falckenberg on (ethical) idealism and the future
Ideas,
innate, in Descartes, Locke, Leibnitz, the rationalists and the empiricists
origin of, in Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, the rationalists and
empiricists, and Herbart
impressions and, in Hume
unconscious ideas or representations in Leibnitz
Ideas of reason in Kant
the logical Idea the subject of the world-process in Hegel
Identity, Locke on
Spinozism a system of
Schelling's philosophy or system of
the philosophy of, among Schelling's followers
Hegel's doctrine a system of
Fortlage's system of
philosophy of, in Schopenhauer
Immortality
Hume on
Voltaire on
Rousseau on
Leibnitz on
Kant on
Schleiermacher on
Beneke on
Herbart on
Hegel's followers on
Strauss on
Fechner on
Imperative, the Categorical
in Kant
in Fichte
in Beneke
Induction
Kepler on
Galileo on
used before Bacon
Bacon's theory of
in Hobbes
J.S. Mill's theory of
Irwing, Von
Jacobi, F.H.
system of
and Fichte
and the anti-idealists
Jacobson, J.
Jäger, G.
James, William
Janet, Paul
Jansenists
Jastrow, J.
Jesuits
Jevons, W.S.
Jhering, R. von
Jodl, F.
Joël, M.
Jouffroy, T.
Judgment
Descartes on
rationalists and empiricists both mistake nature of
Kant on synthetic judgments _a priori_
the categories and, in Kant
judgments of perception and of experience in Kant
Kant on aesthetic and teleological
Jungius
Kaatz, H.
Kaftan, J.
Kaltenborn, C. von
Kant, I.
position in modern philosophy
and Locke
and the Illumination
system of
the development to Fichte
and Fichte
and Schelling
and Hegel
and Schopenhauer
his influence, followers, and opponents
_See also_ Berkeley, Critique of Reason, J.G. Fichte, Hume, Leibnitz,
Locke,
Schopenhauer, Wolff
Kayserling
Kedney, J.S.
Kent, G.
Kepler, J.
philosophy of
Kielmeyer
Kierkegaard, S.
Kieser
King, Lord
Kirchmann, J.H. von
Kirchner
Klein, G.M.
Knauer, V.
Knight, W.
Knoodt, P.
Knowledge
theory of, in modern thought
doctrine of, in Nicolas of Cusa
declared deceptive by Montaigne
mathematical basis of, in Kepler and Galileo
in Bacon
in Hobbes
in Herbart
the two views of
Geulincx on
Descartes on
Spinoza on
Malebranche on ("we see all things in God")
Locke's doctrine of
Berkeley on
Hume's skeptical doctrine of
Scottish doctrine of
sensationalistic doctrine of, in France
Leibnitz's theory of
Kant on
Fichte's Science of
Schelling's philosophy of
Baader on
Schleiermacher's doctrine of
Hegel on philosophical
J.F. Fries's doctrine of
Beneke on speculative
Schopenhauer's doctrine of
Comte's doctrine of
Sir Wm. Hamilton's doctrine of
J.S. Mill's doctrine of
Spencer's doctrine of
T.H. Green's doctrine of
Feuerbach's doctrine of
Lotze's doctrine of
Hartmann's doctrine of
the neo-Kantians on
the German positivists on
influence of recent science on the theory of
Liebmann's doctrine of
_See also_ Agnosticism, Critique of Reason, Empiricism, Faith,
Faith and Reason, Nominalism, Positivism, Rationalism and Empiricism,
Relativity, Sensationalism, Skepticism
Knutzen, M.
Koch, A.
Koeber, R. von
Koegel, F.
König, E.
Koppelmann
Köstlin, Karl
Krause, A.
Krause, E.
Krause, F.
Krauth, C.P.
Krohn, A.
Kroman, K.
Krug, W.T.
Kuhn
Kuntze, J.E.
Kvacsala
Kym, A.L.
Laas, E.
Laban, F.
Labriola,
La Bruyère
Ladd, G.T.
Laffitte, P.
Lagrange
Lambert, J.H.
Lamennais, F. de
La Mettrie, J.O. de
La Mothe la Vayer
Land, J.P.N.
Lange, F.A.
Lange, J.J.
La Rochefoucauld
Lasson, A.
Lasswitz, K.
Last, E.
Lavater
Law (or Right)
early philosophy of
Montesquieu on
Pufendorf on
C. Thomasius on
Kant's theory of legal right
Fichte's theory of right
Schelling's view of
F. Krause's philosophy of right
Hegel's philosophy of right
Lazarus, M.
Lechler
Leclair, A. von
Leibnitz, Friedrich (the father)
Leibnitz, G.W.
position in modern thought
and occasionalism
system of
and the Illumination (Wolff, Lessing)
and Kant
_See also_ Descartes, Locke, Spinoza
Leonhardi, H.K. von
Leopold
Lessing, G.E.
system of
Lewes, G.H.
Liard, L.
Liberatore, M.
Lichtenberg
Liebig
Liebmann, O.
Linde, A. van der
Lindemann
Lipps, T.
Lipsius, Justus
Lipsius, R.A.
Littré, E.
Locke, J.
position in modern philosophy
system of
and Berkeley
and Hume
and the French Illumination (and Rousseau)
and Leibnitz
and Kant
_See also_ Bacon, Berkeley, Descartes, Empiricism, Kant
Lohmeyer
Lombroso, C.
Lossius
Lott, F.C.
Lotze, R.H.
system of
Löwe, J.H.
Lubbock, J.
Lülmann, C.
Luther
Lutterbeck
Lyng, G.V.
Macaulay, T.B.
Machiavelli, N.
Mackie
Mackintosh, J.
Mahaffy, J.P.
Maimon, S.
Maimonides
Mainländer, P.
Mainzer, J.
Maistre, J, de
Malebranche, Nicolas
system of
Mamiani, T.
Mandeville, Bernard de
Mansel, H.L.
Marcus
Marheineke
Mariana, Juan
Mariano
Marion, H.
Marsh, James
Marsilius of Padua
Martin, B.
Martineau, Harriet
Martineau, James
Martini, Jacob
Masson, David
Materialism
in Hobbes
Spinoza's tendency toward
in the early associationalists
in France in XVIII. century
Kant on
in Schopenhauer
and Spencer's philosophy
in Strauss
of Feuerbach
the controversy over, in Germany
Lange on
Mathematics
the philosophical use of, advocated by Nicolas of Cusa
by Kepler
scientific use of, ignored by Bacon
Hobbes's recognition of
method of, adopted by Spinoza
Kant on philosophy and
Kant on science and
applied to psychology by Herbart
and by Fechner
recent, and philosophy
Maudsley, Henry
Maupertuis
Mayer, F.
Mayer, R.
McCosh, J.
Mechanism
in modern thought
in modern physical science
the central doctrine of Hobbes
fundamental in Spinoza
applied to mind by the associationalists
of J.F. Fries
of ideas in Herbart
in Lotze
in recent physical science
_See also_ Naturalism, Physical Science, Teleology
Meier, G.F.
Meiners
Melancthon
Mellin
Melville, Andrew
Mendelssohn
Mersenne
Merz, J.T.
Metaphysics
Bacon on
of Descartes
of Spinoza
of Leibnitz
the Wolffian division of
Kant on
Hegel on
of Fortlage
of Herbart
Comte on
of Fechner
of Lotze
of Hartmann
recent German views on
Meyer, J.B.
Meyer, Ludwig
Michelet, C.L.
Michelis,
Mill, James
Mill, J.S.
Milton, John
Mind and Body
Descartes on
occasionalistic view of, in Geulincx
Spinoza on
Hartley and Priestley on
Leibnitz on
J.F. Fries on
Modern Philosophy
value of history of
characteristics of
relation to the church
relation to nationality
beginnings of
bibliography of
two main schools of
future of
Modes (of Substance)
in Descartes
in Spinoza
in Locke
Moleschott
Monads
Giordano Bruno's doctrine of
Leibnitz's doctrine of
Wolff's development of Leibnitz's doctrine of
Monchamp, G.
Monck, W.H.S.
Monrad, M.J.
Montaigne, M. de
Montesquieu
More, H.
More, Thomas
Moreau
Morelly
Morgan, C.L.
Morgan, Thomas
Moriz
Morley, J.
Morris, G.S.
Morselli
Mueller, W.
Müller, F.A.
Müller, G.E.
Müller, H.
Müller, Johannes
Müller, Max
Münsterberg, H.
Münz, W.
Nahlowsky
Naigeon
Natge
Natorp, P.
Naturalism
characteristic of modern philosophy
_See also_ Mechanism, Physical Science, Teleology
Nature, Philosophy of
early Italian
Schelling's
among Schelling's followers
Hegel's
J.F. Fries's
Herbart's
_See also_ Physical Science
Nedich
Nees von Esenbeck
Nemes, E.
Neo-Kantians
Nettleship, R.L.
Neudecker
Newton, Isaac
Nichol
Nicolai, F.
Nicolas of Cusa
Nicole
Nielsen, R.
Niethammer
Nietzsche, F.
Niphus
Nippold
Nizolius, Marius
Noack, L.
Noiré, L.
Nolen
Nominalism
in Hobbes
in Locke
of Berkeley
of Hume
Noumena
_See also_ Phenomena, Things in themselves
Novalis
Nyblaeus, A.
Occam
Occasionalists
Oischinger
Oken, L.
Oldendorp
Ontological argument, the
in Descartes
in Spinoza
in Leibnitz
in Kant
Opel, J.O.
Opposites
the unity of, in Nicolas of Cusa
in Schelling
the reconciliation and identity of, in Hegel
Optimism
in Voltaire
of Leibnitz
of Schleiermacher
Opzoomer, C.W.
Oratorians
Oersted, H.C.
Oswald, James
Oettingen, A. von
Pabst, J.H.
Paley, W.
Pantheism
of Nicolas of Cusa
of Spinoza
Malebranche's "Christian"
in Toland
Berkeley's tendency to
of Holbach
in Fichte
in Schelling
in Schleiermacher
Fortlage's transcendent
of Strauss
the theistic school on
_See also_ Hegel, Panthelism
Panthelism
of Fichte
in Schelling
of Schopenhauer
_See also_ Ethelism
Pappenheim
Paracelsus
Parker
Pascal, Blaise
Patritius, Franciscus
Paulsen, F.
Paulus
Pertz
Pessimism
of Schopenhauer
of Hartmann
Pesch
Pestalozzi, J.H.
Peters, K.
Pfleiderer, E.
Pfleiderer, O.
Phenomena
and things in themselves in Kant
and representation in Kant
and things in themselves in Herbart
in Schopenhauer
in Lotze
_See also_ Noumena, Things in themselves
Physical Science
concepts of modern
Newton's development of
its influence on philosophy in XIX century
Pico, Francis, of Mirandola
Pico, John, of Mirandola
Pierson
Pietsch, T.
Planck, A.
Planck, K.C.
Platner
Platonists
Pletho, G.G.
Plitt
Ploucquet
Plümacher, O.
Poiret, P.
Pollock, F.
Pomponatius, Petrus
Porter, N.
Positivism
in Italy
of Comte
of Comte's followers
in England
in Sweden, Brazil, and Chili
in Germany
Prantl
Prel, K. du
Price, Richard
Priestley, J.
Prowe, L.
Psychology
the associational
the sensationalistic
of Leibnitz
of Wolff
of Tetens
Kant on rational
constructive
the basis of philosophy in J.F. Fries
and Beneke
of Beneke
of Fortlage
of Herbart
of Comte
physiological
folk-psychology
of Spencer
_See also_ Ego, Mind and Body, Soul
Pufendorf, Samuel
Pünjer, B., works by
Quaebicker, R.
Qualities
Primary and Secondary, so termed by Boyle
Locke's doctrine of
Kant's relation to
Berkeley's co-ordination of
Quesnay
Rabus, L.
Ragnisco
Ramus (Pierre de la Ramée)
Rationalism and Empiricism
in Locke
in Leibnitz
in Tschirnhausen
in others of the German Illuminati
in relation to Kant
Rauwenhoff
Ravaisson, F.
Realism
of Herbart
the "transfigured," of Spencer
the "transcendental realism" of Hartmann
Rée, P.
Regius
Regulative and constitutive principles, in Kant
Rehmke, J.
Rehnisch
Reichlin-Meldegg, K.A. von
Reicke, R
Reid, Thomas
Reiff, J.F.
Reimarus
Reinhold, E.
Reinhold, K.L.
Relativity of Knowledge
in Comte
of Sir Wm. Hamilton
of Mansel
of Spencer
Religion
Bacon's view of
Hobbes on
Lord Herbert's doctrine of natural
Pascal on
deistic view of
Hume on
Voltaire on
Holbach on
Rousseau's view of
Leibnitz on
Reimarus on
Lessing's developmental theory of
Kant on
Fichte on
Schelling on
Schleiermacher's philosophy of
Hegel's philosophy of
Beneke on
Herbart's doctrine of
Schopenhauer's doctrine of
Comte's religion of humanity
Spencer's view of
Hegel's followers on
Strauss on
Feuerbach's doctrine of
Hartmann's philosophy of
_See also_ Deism, Faith, Faith and Reason, God, Theology
Rémusat, C. de
Renan, E.
Renery
Renouvier, C.
Reuchlin, H.
Reuchlin, J.
Reuter, H.
Reynaud, J.
Ribbing, S.
Ribot, Th.
Riedel, O.
Riehl, A.
Riemann
Riezler, S.
Right, _see_ Law
Rio, J.S. del
Ritschl, A.
Ritter, H.
Rixner
Robertson, G.C.
Robinet
Robinet, J.B.
Rocholl
Roeder
Rohmer, F.
Romagnosi, G.
Romanes, G.J.
Romanticists, the
Romundt, H.
Roscher
Röse, F.
Rosenkrantz, W.
Rosenkranz, K.
Rosmini, A.
Rothe, R.
Rousseau, J.J.
system of
Royce, J.
Rüdiger
Ruge, A.
Ruge, S.
Ruysbroek
Sahlin
St. Martin, L.C.
Saint Simon, H. de
Saisset, E.
Sanchez, Francis
Schaarschmidt, C.
Schäffle, E.F.
Schaller
Schärer, E.
Schasler, M.
Scheffler
Scheibler
Schelling, F.W.J. (von)
system of
immediate followers of
and Hegel
_See also_ J.G. Fichte, Hegel, Kant, Spinoza
Schelver
Schematism, Kant's
Schiller
Schindler, C.
Schlegel, F.
Schleicher, A.
Schleiden
Schleiermacher, F.D.E.
system of
Schmid, E.
Schmid, Leopold
Schmidkunz, H.
Schmid-Schwarzenberg
Schmidt, K.
Schmidt, L.
Schmidt, O.
Schneider, C.M.
Schneider, G.
Schneider, G.H.
Schneider, O.
Schoenlank
Schopenhauer, A.
and Kant
system of
followers of
Schoppe (Scioppius)
Schubert, F.W.
Schubert, G.H.
Schubert-Soldern, R. von
Schuller, H.
Schultze, Fritz
Schulz, J.
Schulze, G.E. (Aenesidemus-Schulze)
Schuppe, W.
Schurman, J.G.
Schütz
Schwarz, H.
Schwarz, G.E.
Schwegler, A.
Schwenckfeld
Scottish School, the
Selby-Bigge
Semi-Hegelians, the
Semi-Kantians, the
Semler
Sengler, J.
Sennert, D.
Sensation
a source of knowledge in Locke
and in Hume
the sole source of knowledge in Condillac
Leibnitz's view of
_See also_ Rationalism and Empiricism, Sensationalism
Sensationalism
in Hobbes
in modern thought in general
of Locke
of Condillac
of Bonnet
of Helvetius
of La Mettrie
of Holbach
in Italy
of Feuerbach
of the German positivists
_See also_ Empiricism, Experience, Sensation
Sergi, G.
Seth, A.
Seydel, R.
Seyfarth
Shaftesbury
Sherlock, T.
Sibbern, F.C.
Siber
Siciliani, P.
Sidgwick, H.
Sidney, Algernon
Siebeck
Sigwart, Chr. von
Sigwart, Chr. W.
Silesius
Sime, J.
Simmel, G.
Simon, J.
Skepticism, in Montaigne
in Charron
in F. Sanchez
in Bayle
of Hume
of Diderot,
of D'Alembert
the anti-Critical, of Schulze
the Critical, of Maimon
Smith, Adam
Snell, K.
Social Contract, the theory of, in Hobbes
Hume on
in Rousseau
Kant on
Solger, K.F.
Sommer, H.
Sommer, R.
Soul, the, thought the essence of, in Descartes
a congeries of ideas in Spinoza
thought the essence of, in Malebranche,
thought merely an activity of, in Locke
a sum of inner states in Hume
Leibnitz's monadological view of
Kant on
Herbart on
_See also_ Ego, Immortality, Mind and Body
Space (and Time), Hobbes on
in Leibnitz
in Kant
in Herbart
in Schopenhauer
in Spencer
in Lotze
Spaventa
Spedding
Spencer, H.
system of
Spicker, G.
Spinoza, B. de
position in modern philosophy
and Descartes
system of
and Leibnitz
and Schelling
_See also_ Descartes
Spirit, Schilling's philosophy of
Hegel's phenomenology of
his doctrine of subjective
of objective
of absolute
recent German philosophy of
Spitta, H.
Stadler, A.
Stahl, F.J.
Starcke, C.N.
State, the, early theories of
Hobbes on
Spinoza on
Locke on
Montesquieu on
Rousseau's theory of
Kant's view of
Fichte on
Schelling on
Hegel on
Spencer on
_See also_ Social Contract
Staudinger, F.
Steckelmacher, M.
Steffens, H.
Steffensen, K.
Steinbart
Stein, H. von
Stein, L.
Steinthal
Stephen, Leslie
Stern, A.
Stewart, Dugald
Stirling, J.H.
Stirner, Max (pseudonym, cf. K. Schmidt)
Stoeckl, A.
Stöhr, A.
Stout, G.F.
Strauss, D.F.
Strümpell, L.
Stumpf, C.
Stumpf, T.
Sturm, Christoph
Stutzmann
Suabedissen
Suarez, Francis
Substance
Descartes on
Spinoza on
Locke on
Berkeley on (material)
Hume's skeptical analysis of
Leibnitz's doctrine of
Kant on
Schopenhauer on
Hartmann on
Sufficient Reason, the Principle of
in Leibnitz
in Schopenhauer
Sully, James
Sulzer
Susemihl
Suso
Taine, H.
Tappan, H.P.
Taubert, A.
Tauler
Taurellus
Taute
Teichmüller
Teleological Argument, the
in Boyle
Hume on
Reimarus on
Leibnitz on
Kant on
Herbart on
Teleology
minimized by modern thought
rejected by modern physics
in Boyle
Bacon on
Hobbes's denial of
Descartes on
Spinoza's denial of
Newton on
Leibnitz on
Kant on
in Fichte
Schelling on
in Hegel
in Trendelenburg
in Hartmann
_See also_ Mechanism, Naturalism, Sufficient Reason, Teleological
Argument
Telesius
Temple, Sir William
Testa
Tetens, J.N.
Thaulow
Theology
relation of, to philosophy in Taurellus
in Campanella
and science in Bacon
in Leibnitz
Lessing's speculative
Kant's view of
Schelling on
Schleiermacher's view of
Comte on the theological stage of thought
Strauss on
Feuerbach on
_See also_ Deism, Faith, Faith and Reason, God, Religion
Thiele, G.
Things in themselves
in Kant's critics and immediate successors
in Fichte
Liebmann on
_See also_ Phenomena, Noumena
Thomas à Kempis
Thilo
Thomasius, Christian
Thomasius, Jacob (Father of Christian)
Thomson, W.
Thorild, T.
Thümmig
Tieck
Tiedemann
Tillotson, J.
Time, Kant on objective determinations of
_See also_ Space and Time
Tindal, Matthew
Toland, John
Tönnies, F.
Torrey, H.A.P.
Toscanelli
Tracy, Destutt de
Trahndorff
Transcendental and Transcendent, meaning of, in Kant
Trendelenburg, A.
Treschow, N.
Tschirnhausen
Turgot
Twardowski, K.
Ueberhorst
Ueberweg, F.
Uebinger, J.
Ulrici, H.
Unconditioned, the
in Kant
in Sir Wm. Hamilton
in Mansel
in Spencer
_See also_ the Absolute
Unconscious, the, Hartmann's philosophy of
Uphues, G.K.
Vacherot, E.
Vaihinger, H.
Valla, L.
Vanini
Vatke, W.
Veitch, J.
Venetianer, M.
Venn, J.
Vera
Vico
Villers
Virchow, R.
Vischer, F.T.
Vives
Vloten, J. van
Voëtius
Vogel
Vogt, Karl
Volkelt, J.
works by
position of
Volkmann von Volkmar
Volney (Chasseboeuf)
Voltaire
Vorländer, F.
Waddington
Wagner, J.J.
Wagner, Richard
Wagner, Rudolph
Waitz, Theodor
Wallace, A.R.
Wallace, William
Wallaschek, R.
Walter, J.
Warburton, W.
Ward, J.
Watson, John
Weber, E.H.
Weber, Theodor
Weigel, E.
Weigel, Valentin
Weiss, Bruno
Weisse, C.H.
Weissenborn
Werner, K.
Weston, S. Burns
Weygoldt
Whately, Richard
Whedon, D.D.
Whewell, W.
Whiston, W.
Wildauer, T.
Willmann, O.
Windelband, W.
Winkler, B.
Witte, J.H.
Wohlrabe
Wolff, Christian
system of
and Kant
Wollaston, William
Woolston, T.
Wundt, W.
Wyck, Van der
Wyttenbach, D.
Zabarella
Zart, G.
Zeising, A.
Zeller, E.
works of
position of
Ziegler, T.
Ziller, T.
Zimmer, F.
Zimmermann, R.
Zimmern, Helen
Zöllner