After the "Separation."
A letter dated Solebury, Pa., Sixth month 21, 1828, told of some
experiences on his last western trip. It was addressed to his
son-in-law, Valentine Hicks. On the journey from Jericho to New York,
Elias was very much annoyed, if not vexed, by the crowds of "vain and
foolish people coming from the city and its suburbs to see horses
trot." "How ridiculous and insignificant," he says, "is such foolish
conduct for professed rational beings! I can scarcely conceive in
thought an epithet degrading enough to give a just estimate of such
irrational conduct."
The "separation" had just been accomplished in the New York Yearly
Meeting, and as this was the first visit he had made to the local
meetings and Friendly neighborhoods since that event, it is a matter
of interest to learn from his own hand how he was received by Friends
in the meetings. Rose and Hester Street Meetings, in New York, were
attended the First-day after leaving home. Elias says, in the letter
mentioned: "They were both large, solemn meetings, showing evidently
the comfort and benefit Friends have derived from the orthodox
troubles, (they) having separated themselves from us." This may have
been the superficial view of many who were prominent in sustaining
Elias Hicks. They failed to see, as did their opponents, that the
"separation" no matter which side went off, was a violation of the real
spirit of Quakerism. It was an unfortunate acknowledgment that "unity
of the spirit" was a failure, if it required absolute uniformity of
doctrine for its maintenance.
Passing over to New Jersey, he reports universal kindly treatment. In
this particular he remarks:
"Indeed we have found nothing in the least degree to discourage or
impede our progress, unless it be an excess of kindness from our
friends, who can hardly give us up to pass on, without favoring
them with a visit in their own houses. And not only Friends, but
many who are not members manifest much friendly regard and respect.
On Fourth-day we attended Friends' Monthly Meeting for Rahway and
Plainfield held at Plainfield, Friends having given their neighbors
notice of our intention to be there, it was largely attended by those
of other professions, and some of the orthodox Friends', contrary
to the expectation of Friends also attended. It was truly a very
solemn and instructive good meeting, in which truth reigned. I was
truly comforted in the meeting for discipline in viewing Friends'
order, and the unity and harmony that prevailed, and the brotherly
condescension that was manifested in transacting their business."
Elias Hicks evidently possessed what might be called a grain of humor.
In Eleventh month, 1828, when practically all of the "separations" had
been accomplished, he wrote to his wife from Redstone, Pa. He had not
been getting letters from home as he desired, and especially was that
true regarding the much-valued missives from Jemima. He, therefore,
says, toward the end of this particular epistle: "If I do not
receive some direct account from home at one or both of these places
(Alexandria or Baltimore), I shall be ready to conclude that my friends
have forgotten me or turned orthodox."
Evidently there had been a readjustment of society conditions in this
neighborhood. He says: "Divers friends, whose names I have forgotten,
and some who have never seen thee, but love thee on my account, desired
to be affectionately remembered to thee. Indeed, love and harmony so
abound among Friends in these parts, and the more they are persecuted,
the more love abounds, insomuch that I have observed to them in some
places, that if they continued faithful to the openings of truth on the
mind, that they would so exalt the standard of love and light, that the
old adage would be renewed, 'See how the Quakers love one another.'"
Returning from the long western trip, considered in Chapter VI, Elias
was met in New York by his wife and daughter Elizabeth, where Westbury
Quarterly Meeting was attended. Many near and dear Friends greeted the
aged minister, inwardly, if not outwardly, congratulating him upon his
safe return home, and the labors so faithfully performed. In mentioning
the event, Elias says: "It was truly a season of mutual rejoicing,
and my spirit was deeply humbled under a thankful sense of the Lord's
preserving power and adorable mercy, in carrying me through and over
all opposition, both within and without. He caused all to work together
for good, and the promotion of his own glorious cause of truth and
righteousness in the earth, and landed me safe in the bosom of my dear
family and friends at home, and clothed my spirit with the reward of
sweet peace for all my labor and travail. Praises, everlasting high
praises be ascribed unto our God, for his mercy endureth forever."[190]
[190] "Journal," p. 425.
Dark days were approaching, and the heavy hand of a great sorrow was
about to be laid upon this strong man, who had buffeted many storms,
and who seemed now to be feeling a period of calm and quiet. But we
shall let Elias Hicks tell the details in his own words:
"Soon after my return from the aforesaid journey, I had to experience
a very severe trial and affliction in the removal of my dearly
beloved wife. She was taken down with a cold, and although, for a
number of days, we had no anticipation of danger from her complaint,
yet about five days after she was taken, the disorder appeared
to settle on her lungs, and it brought on an inflammation which
terminated in a dissolution of her precious life, on the ninth day
from the time she was taken ill. She had but little bodily pain, yet
as she became weaker, she suffered from shortness of breathing; but
before her close, she became perfectly tranquil and easy, and passed
away like a lamb, as though entering into a sweet sleep, without sigh
or groan, or the least bodily pain, on the 17th of Third month, 1829:
And her precious spirit, I trust and believe, has landed safely on
the angelic shore, 'where the wicked cease from troubling, and the
weary are at rest.' To myself, to whom she was a truly affectionate
wife, and to our children, whom she endeavored, by precept and
example, to train up in the paths of virtue, and to guard and keep
out of harm's way, her removal is a great and irreparable loss: and
nothing is left to us in that behalf, but a confident belief and an
unshaken hope, that our great loss is her still greater gain; and
although the loss and trial, as to all my external blessings, are
the greatest I have ever met with, or ever expect to have to endure,
yet I have a hope, that, though separated, I may be preserved from
mourning or complaining; and that I may continually keep in view
the unmerited favour dispensed to us, by being preserved together
fifty-eight years in one unbroken bond of endeared affection, which
seemed if possible to increase with time to the last moment of her
life; and which neither time nor distance can lessen or dissolve; but
in the spiritual relation I trust it will endure for ever, where all
the Lord's redeemed children are one in him, who is God over all, in
all, and through all, blessed forever. She was buried on the 19th,
and on this solemn occasion, the Lord, who is strength in weakness,
enabled me to bear a public and, I trust, a profitable testimony to
the virtues and excellences of her long and consistent life."[191]
[191] "Journal," p 425.
Regarding the funeral of Jemima Hicks, and its aftermath, rumor has
been more or less busy. That Elias spoke on this occasion is certain.
It was his eighty-first birthday. His remarks were undoubtedly in
harmony, both as to the matter and the hope of a future reunion, with
the extract printed above. There is in existence what purports to be
matter copied from a Poughkeepsie newspaper relating to this event. The
statement is supplemented by a "poem," entitled "Orthodox Reflections
on the Remarks Made by Elias Hicks at His Wife's Funeral." These verses
are both theological and savage. Elias is assured that, because of his
belief, he cannot hope to "rest in heaven," or meet his wife there.
What is strange, however, is that verses, signed "Elias Hicks," and in
reply to the poetical attack, are also given. The first-mentioned rhyme
may be genuine, as it voices an opinionated brutality and boldness
which was not uncommon in dealing with the future life eighty years
ago. But we can hardly imagine Elias Hicks being a "rhymster" under any
sort of provocation. If the two "poems" were ever printed, touching the
matter in question, some one besides Elias, undoubtedly is responsible
for the rejoinder.
Near the 1st of Sixth month, and a little more than three months after
the death of his wife, Elias Hicks started on his last religious
visit. His concern took him to the meetings and neighborhoods within
the limits of his own Yearly Meeting. Nothing unusual is reported on
this visit until Dutchess County was reached. All of the meetings
were reported satisfactory. Of the meetings at West Branch, Creek and
Crum-Elbow, Elias says:
"Although it was in the midst of harvest, such was the excitement
produced amongst the people by the opposition made by those of our
members who had gone off from us, and set up separate meetings, that
the people at large of other societies flocked to those meetings
in such numbers, that our meeting-houses were seldom large enough
to contain the assembled multitude; and we had abundant cause for
thanksgiving and gratitude to the blessed Author of all our mercies,
in condescending to manifest his holy presence, and causing it so to
preside as to produce a general solemnity, tendering and contriting
many minds, and comforting and rejoicing the upright in heart."[192]
[192] "Journal," p. 428.
Proceeding up the Hudson, arriving at Albany on Seventh-day, Eighth
month 1st, that evening a large meeting was held in the statehouse.
Those present represented the inhabitants generally of the capital
city. Many meetings were attended after leaving Albany, which have now
ceased to exist. In fact, few, if any, meetings then in existence were
missed on this journey. The 17th of Eighth month he was in Utica. Of
the meeting in that city, and at Bridgewater, he says:
"These were not so large as in some other places, neither was there
as much openness to receive our testimony as had generally been the
case elsewhere. Our opposing Friends had filled their heads with
so many strange reports, to which they had given credit without
examination, by which their minds were so strongly prejudiced
against me, that many in the compass of these two last meetings
were not willing to see me, nor hear any reasons given to show them
their mistakes, and that the reports they had heard were altogether
unfounded: however, I was favored to communicate the truth to those
who attended, so that they generally went away fully satisfied, and I
left them with peace of mind."[193]
[193] "Journal," p. 430.
In 1829, under date of Seventh month 9th, in a letter written at
Oblong, in Westchester County, New York, he expresses the feeling that
the meeting at Jericho sustains important relations to the branch of
Friends with which he was connected. The letter was written to his
children, Valentine and Abigail Hicks. In it he says:
"Although absent in body, yet my mind pretty often takes a sudden and
instantaneous excursion to Jericho, clothed with a desire that we
who constitute that monthly meeting, may keep our eye so single, to
the sure and immovable foundation of the light within, so as to be
entirely preserved from all fleshly reasonings, which if given way
to, in the least degree, ever has, and ever will, have a tendency to
divide in Jacob and scatter in Israel. I consider that much depends
upon the course we take in our monthly meeting, as we are much looked
up to as an example and if we make but a small miss, it may do much
harm."
Twelfth month 15, 1829, Elias Hicks wrote to his friend Johnson Legg,
evidently in reply to one asking advice in regard to his own conduct
in relation to the "separation." In this letter Elias says: "In the
present interrupted and disturbed state of our once peaceful and
favoured Society, it requires great deliberation and humble waiting on
the Lord for counsel before we move forward on the right hand or the
left. Had this been the case with our brethren of this yearly meeting
who style themselves orthodox, I very much doubt if there would have
been any separation among us. For although the chief cause thereof is
placed to my account, yet I am confident I have given no just cause for
it."
This statement undoubtedly expresses the real feeling of Elias Hicks
regarding the "separation." He could not see why what he repeatedly
called "mere opinions" should cause a rupture in the Society. It will
be noted that he still refers to the other Friends as "our brethren,"
and he, apparently, had no ill-will toward them. The letter from which
this extract was taken was written only about two months before his
death, and was undoubtedly his last written word on the unfortunate
controversy, and the trouble that grew out of it.