fell from his horse_.
Discriminate carefully between _beside_ and _besides_. The first is
always a preposition and means either _by the side of_, as, _He stood
beside me_, or _aside from_, or _out of_, as, _This is beside our
present purpose_; _He was beside himself for joy_. _Besides_ is either
preposition or adverb: as the former it means _in addition to_, as
_Several others were present besides those you saw_; as adverb it means
_moreover_ or _more than that_, as _There were, besides, many pompous
volumes_.
Be careful with _between_ and _among_; _between_ is used with reference
to two persons, parties or things; _among_ with reference to many: _In
this city Democrats and Republicans divide the offices between them; in
some cities they are distributed among all the parties_.
Distinguish between _in_ and _into_. _Into_ implies action. A man goes
_into_ his house and then he is _in_ the house.
A person dies _of_ typhoid fever rather than _from_ typhoid fever.
Distinguish between _consist in_ and _consist of_. Virtue consists _in_
right living. The family consists _of_ seven persons.
A book is illustrated _with_ sketches and it is illustrated _by_ the
artist who made the sketches.
Omit _from_ from the phrases _from hence_, _from thence_, _from whence_.
+-------------------------------------------+
| MIRROR OF THE PUBLIC MIND ... INTERPRETER |
| OF THE PUBLIC INTENT ... TROUBLER OF THE |
| PUBLIC CONSCIENCE. |
+-------------------------------------------+
ARTICLES
Use an article with every noun of a series unless the nouns are so
closely related that one concept is implied. Say, _The bread and jam was
good_, but _The bread and the jam were good_. Say, _A horse and buggy_,
but _A man and a woman_.
Do not repeat an article before each adjective of a series when all
modify the same noun. Say, _A red, white and blue flag_. If you mean
three flags, say, _A red, a white, and a blue flag_.
Do not write _a_ or _an_ after _sort of_ and _kind of_. Make it: _He is
the right sort of man for mayor_.
The definite article is used too often when it might better be omitted,
as in this sentence: _The study of the dictionary is helpful_. Write it:
_Study of the dictionary_.
NUMBERS
The general rule on The News is that all numbers above nine shall be
written in figures, and that all numbers below 10 shall be spelled out.
There are, of course, many exceptions to this rule. Figures are always
used for degrees of latitude and longitude, degrees of temperature, per
cent, prices, racing time, scores, definite sums of money, time, votes,
dates (as Sept. 27), ages, street numbers and tabulated statistics.
Spell out indefinite figures, as _about a dollar's worth_.
Use Roman numerals in writing of kings, as _George V_, and then without
a period. Do not use Roman numerals in designating centuries. Write it
_fourteenth century_, not _XIVth century_.
Write _Monday at 8 a. m._, not _at 8 o'clock on Monday morning_.
Spell out such expressions as _the early seventies_.
Use figures in dimensions when written thus: _a lot 4x6 feet_.
All ages shall be written thus: _John Smith, 8 years old_. Do not write
it: _John Smith, aged 8_, or _aged eight_. It will be easy to remember
the rule if you observe that in writing it thus: _John Smith, aged 18,
48 Jones street_, you are opening an opportunity for an error easily
made. It may appear: _John Smith, aged 184, 8 Jones street_.
All ordinals are spelled out. Write it _thirtieth_, not _30th_. Write a
date: _Feb. 6_, not _February 6th_, or _February sixth_.
Do not use both numerals and figures spelled out in one phrase. Write
it: _Eight feet eleven inches_. If in a phrase a number over 10 precedes
a number under 10, express both in figures, thus _18 hours 4 minutes_.
If vice versa, express it thus: _two hours eighteen minutes_.
ROMAN NUMERALS
I 1
II 2
III 3
IV 4
V 5
VI 6
VII 7
VIII 8
IX 9
X 10
XIX 19
XX 20
XXX 30
XL 40
L 50
LX 60
LXX 70
LXXX 80
XC 90
C 100
CL 150
CC 200
CCC 300
CCCC 400
D 500
DC 600
DCC 700
DCCC 800
DCCCC 900
M 1,000
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
7.92 inches make 1 link.
25 links make 1 rod.
16.50 feet make 1 rod.
4 rods make 1 chain.
10 chains make 1 furlong.
8 furlongs make 1 mile.
320 rods make 1 mile.
5,280 feet make 1 mile.
10 square chains make 1 acre.
160 square rods make 1 acre.
640 acres make 1 square mile.
43,560 square feet make 1 acre.
69 geographical miles make 1 degree of latitude.
1,728 cubic inches make 1 cubic foot.
27 cubic feet make 1 cubic yard.
Gunter's chain, 22 yards of 100 links.
A section is 640 acres.
A township is 36 sections, each 1 square mile.
A span is 9 inches.
A hand--horse measurement--is 4 inches.
A knot--nautical--is 6,086 feet.
A fathom--nautical--is 6 feet.
A stone is 14 pounds.
A square acre is 208 7-10 feet on each side.
The metric system is the system of measurement of which the meter is the
fundamental unit. It was first adopted in France and is now in general
use in most civilized countries except the English-speaking countries.
The system is now used throughout the world for scientific measurements.
Its use was legalized in the United States in 1866.
The meter, the unit of length, was intended to be one ten-millionth part
of the earth's meridian quadrant and is nearly so. Its length is 39.370
inches. The unit of surface is the are, which is 100 square meters. The
theoretical unit of volume is the stere, which is a cubic meter. The
unit of volume for the purposes of the market is the liter, which is the
volume of one kilogram of distilled water at its maximum density and is
intended to be one cubic decimeter. For 10 times, 100 times, 1,000
times and 10,000 times one of these units, the prefixes, deca-, hecto-,
kilo- and myria- are used. For 1-10, 1-100 and 1-1,000 of the units, the
prefixes deci-, centi- and milli- are used.
In this table the equivalents are measures common in the United States
and are not to be confused with British measures, which in some cases
vary slightly.
1 myriameter 5.4 nautical miles or 6.21 statute miles.
1 kilometer 0.621 statute mile or nearly 5/8 mile.
1 hectometer 109.4 yards.
1 decameter 1.988 rods.
1 meter 39.37 inches or about 1 yard 3 inches.
1 decimeter 3.937 inches.
1 centimeter 0.3937 inch.
1 millimeter 0.03937 inch.
1 hectare 2.471 acres.
1 are 119.6 square yards.
1 centiare (square meter) 10.764 square feet.
1 decastere 13 cubic yards or about 2-3/4 cords.
1 stere (cubic meter) 1.308 cubic yards or 35.3 cubic feet.
1 decistere 3-1/2 cubic feet.
1 hectoliter 26.4 gallons.
1 decaliter Little more than 2 gallons 5 pints.
1 liter 1 quart 1/2 gill.
1 deciliter 0.845 gill.
1 millier 2,204.6 pounds avoirdupois.
1 kilogram Little more than 2 pounds 3 ounces.
1 hectogram Little more than 3 ounces 8 drams.
1 decagram 154.32 grains troy.
1 gram 15.43234 grains.
1 decigram 1.543234 grains.
1 centigram 0.154323 grains.
1 milligram 0.015432 grains.
+-----------------------------------------+
| ... CHRONICLER OF FACTS ... SIFTER OF |
| RUMORS AND OPINIONS ... MINISTER OF THE |
| TRUTH THAT MAKES MEN FREE. |
+-----------------------------------------+
ABBREVIATION
This is the style of The News on abbreviating the names of states and
territories:
Ala.
Alaska
Ariz.
Ark.
Calif.
Colo.
Conn.
D. C.
Ga.
Fla.
Ida.
Ill.
Ind.
Ia.
Kan.
Ky.
La.
Me.
Mass.
Md.
Mich.
Minn.
Miss.
Mo.
Mont.
N. C.
N. D.
Neb.
Nev.
N. H.
N. J.
N. M.
N. Y.
O.
Okla.
Ore.
Pa.
P. I. (Philippine Islands)
P. R. (Porto Rico)
R. I.
S. C.
S. D.
Tenn.
Tex.
T. H. (Territory of Hawaii)
Utah
Va.
Vt.
Wash.
Wis.
W. Va.
Wyo.
Do not abbreviate _Port_ to _Pt._
Abbreviate _Fort_ to _Ft._, whether a city or a post.
Abbreviate _Mount_ to _Mt._ in names like Mt. Vernon.
Do not abbreviate names of cities, as Kazoo, Frisco, St. Joe.
Do not use state with names of well-known cities, such as Chicago,
Cleveland, Denver, etc.
Follow a firm name as the firm writes it, except in the capitalization
of _the_, as _the Ford Motor Co._ Later in the story the name may appear
as _the Ford company_. It is _the J. L. Hudson Company_. However, one
may say, after writing the firm name, that _the Hudson company will_,
etc.
Use _Mich._ after the names of all places in the state except:
Adrian
Ann Arbor
Alpena
Battle Creek
Bay City
Calumet
Flint
Grand Rapids
Jackson
Kalamazoo
Lansing
Muskegon
Mt. Clemens
Marquette
Port Huron
Saginaw
Ypsilanti
and places so near Detroit that they are generally known.
Beware of the names of cities in other states identical with those in
Michigan. Also watch for the names of cities identical with those in
other states, as Portland, Me., and Portland, Ore. A few cities that
should carry a state designation because there are places of the same
name in Michigan are:
Akron, O.
Atlanta, Ga.
Augusta, Me., or Ga.
Bangor, Me.
Birmingham, Ala.
Brooklyn, N. Y.
Canton, O.
Caro, Ill.
Chatham, Ont.
Concord, N. H.
Erie, Pa., or N. Y.
Fargo, N. D.
Frankfort, Ky.
Grand Rapids, Wis., or Minn.
Hanover, N. H.
Helena, Mont.
Jackson, Miss.
Lincoln, Neb.
Lowell, Mass.
Manchester, N. H.
Memphis, Tenn.
Nashville, Tenn.
Phoenix, Ariz.
Plymouth, Mass.
Pontiac, Ill.
Portland, Me., or Ore.
Quincy, Ill., or Mass.
Rochester, N. Y., or Minn.
Richmond, Va.
Sandusky, O.
St. Louis, Mo.
Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.
Trenton, N. J.
Vicksburg, Miss.
Do not abbreviate _Attorney_ to _Atty._ before a name.
Do not abbreviate first names except in reproducing signatures, as, _Wm.
H. Taft_, if Mr. Taft wrote it that way.
Abbreviate _senior_ and _junior_ with commas on each side, as _John
Jones, Jr., spoke_.
Do not make _Tom_, _Dan_, _Ben_, _Joe_, etc., abbreviations unless you
are sure they are. _Alex Dow_ is written without the period.
Write _S O S_ and similar telegraphic abbreviations, and _I O U_ without
periods.
Use _Bros._ only when firm name is so written.
Use ampersand (&) in firm name only when the firm uses it.
Abbreviate _number_ when followed by numerals, as _No. 10_.
Spell out United States except in addresses or in army and navy phrases.
Military and naval titles should be written thus:
Adjt.
Adjt.-Gen.
Brig.-Gen.
Capt.
Col.
Corp.
First Lieut.
Gen.
Lieut.
Lieut.-Col.
Lieut.-Gen.
Maj.
Maj.-Gen.
Private
Q. M.-Gen.
Q. M.-Sergt.
Second Lieut.
Second Sergt.
Sergt.
Sergt.-Maj.
Surg.-Gen.
Surg.-Maj.
_Class of '08_ may be used for _Class of 1908_.
Abbreviate _degrees_ after a name.
Book sizes, _4to_, _8vo_, _12mo_, should be written without periods.
Use only abbreviations that will surely be understood, such as
_Y. M. C. A._, _W. C. T. U._, etc., in referring to organizations.
Never write _Xmas_.
These abbreviations should be used:
Ald.
Atty.-Gen.
Gov.
Lieut.-Gov.
Sen.
Rep.
Cong.
Supt.
Abbreviate _saint_ and _saints_ in proper names, as _St. Louis_, _Sault
Ste. Marie_, _Ste. Anne's_, _SS. Peter and Paul's church_.
Write scriptural texts _Gen. xiv, 24_; _II Kings viii, 11-15_.
Abbreviate names of political parties only thus, _Smith (Rep.) defeated
Jones (Dem.) for alderman_.
Do not abbreviate street, avenue, boulevard, place or other designation
of a thoroughfare.
Abbreviate clock time when immediately connected with figures to _a. m._
and _p. m._
Prefer _for example_ to _e. g._
Prefer _namely_ to _viz._
Prefer _that is_ to _i. e._
Write English money _L5 4s 6d_, without commas.
Abbreviate the months thus:
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Use _don't_ only when you may substitute do not. Perhaps you have seen
the advertisement which reads: "Hand Made Tobacco Don't Bite the
Tongue."
NAMES AND TITLES
The one infallible way to insult a man is to misspell his name; that is
an old newspaper maxim. More care should be taken with the spelling of
the names in a story than with any other mechanical detail. Often a name
is misspelled because a typewriter is not clean and an _e_ or an _a_ is
mistaken for an _o_ or a _u_. It is wise for the reporter to make sure
these letters particularly print clearly or he may be held to account
for an error. An even better way is to write a proper name in CAPS if it
is at all uncommon. When the reporter writes a name such as Willson or
Jonnes or Georg, a name which deviates slightly from a familiar name, it
is wise to write it thus "... _and Georg (Correct) Brandes who ..._"
then the copy reader knows that the reporter has not left off a letter
and the printer and proof reader also know that the word must stand as
written.
All proper names should be looked up in the directory, dictionary or
encyclopedia unless the reporter or copy reader is sure of the spelling.
To misspell a man's name shakes that man's faith in the newspaper; leads
him to believe that if the newspaper can't write his name correctly, it
is likely to make other mistakes.
Never use _Mr._ before a man's Christian name. Give his full name and
then speak of him thereafter as Mr. Blank. Do not write: Mr. John J.
Blank.
Do not quote familiar nicknames, such as Billy Sunday, Ty Cobb, Sam
Crawford, Jim Corbett.
Do not write: Superintendent of Police Marquardt, but Supt. Marquardt,
or Ernst Marquardt, superintendent of police.
Never refer to a woman, no matter how lowly her social position, as "the
Smith woman." Call her Mrs. Smith or Miss Smith.
Do not use the title _professor_ unless the person spoken of is or was a
member of a college or university faculty. Because a man is a principal
of a high school, a mesmerist or the trainer of sea lions, he is not for
that reason entitled to call himself Prof. Blank.
Do not use name handles, such as _Butcher Smith_, _Grocer Jones_.
Do not use _master_ in referring to a boy.
Write _Mr. and Mrs. James Smith_, not _James Smith and wife._
Do not write Mrs. Judge Smith, or Mrs. Dr. Jones.
Use the indefinite article, as _Frank Smith, a plumber_; _William Jones,
a barber_. Use the definite article in naming persons of distinction, as
_William Dean Howells, the writer_; _Sarah Bernhardt, the actress_.
The surname is written first among the Chinese. _Sun Yat Sen_ is _Dr.
Sun_. _Li Hung Chang_ is _Mr. Li_. Chinese is a monosyllabic language
and all names should be written with each syllable capitalized, but
hyphens are used with geographical names, as, _Yang-Tse-Kiang_,
_Ho-Hang-Ho_, except _Pekin_, _Nankin_, _Shanghai_, _Hankow_ and
_Canton_. Drop unnecessary letters in Chinese names whenever possible,
as _Pekin(g)_, _Yuan Shi(h) Kai_, _Ho(w)-Hang-Ho_.
Write a man's name as he writes it. It is not _A. H. Frazer_; it is not
_Allan Frazer_; but _Allan H. Frazer_. It is not _F. H. Croul_ or _Frank
Croul_, but _Frank H. Croul_.
It is the King of the Belgians, not the King of Belgium.
Writing of a knight, be sure that you use his first name with the title
_Sir_. He is _Sir Arthur Conan Doyle_, not _Sir Conan Doyle_. Never
write _Sir Doyle_. The wife of a knight, however, is addressed as _Lady
Blank_, not necessarily _Lady Mary Blank_.
JEW AND HEBREW
The proper use of the words "Hebrew" and "Jew" has been explained by the
American Jewish Committee, as follows: "Although no hard and fast rules
can be laid down, the word 'Hebrew' has come to have a purely racial
connotation. It refers to a race and to the language of that race. Thus
we hear of a 'Hebrew Christian,' meaning a person of Hebrew descent who
has been raised in or adopted the Christian religion. The word 'Jew,'
although often used for denoting a member of the Hebrew race without
reference to religion or nationality, has come, in the best usage, to
have two restricted meanings--a national and a religious meaning. It
used to mean a person who was a subject of the Kingdom of Judah, in the
southern part of Palestine, and later it was also applied to those who
were subjects of the northern Kingdom of Israel. Under Roman domination
Palestine was called 'Judea' and its inhabitants 'Jews.' The word Jew
has the same sense now among those who believe that the dispersion of
the Jewish people and the fact that they possess no territory of their
own has not deprived them of their character as a nation or nationality.
The other meaning of 'Jew' is any one who professes the religious
principles laid down in the Old Testament as interpreted in the Talmud.
Thus, a Gentile who adopts the Jewish faith may be called a Jew, but may
not be called a Hebrew, because he does not descend from that sub-class
of the Semitic race from which the Hebrews are reputed to come. Up to
the last quarter of the nineteenth century the Jews rarely applied the
term 'Jew' to themselves, as it was used as a term of opprobrium and as
a contemptuous epithet. The Jews preferred to call themselves 'Hebrews'
or 'Israelites.' Since about 1880, however, the Jewish people have come
to adopt this name more and more generally, and it has begun to lose its
derogatory meaning. The word 'Jew' is always a noun, and its use as an
adjective in such cases as 'Jew boy' and 'Jew peddler,' etc., is as
ungrammatical as it is vulgar."
Don't use _Jew_ as a verb, as, _I jewed him down to a dollar_.
NOTES
CHURCH TITLES
Writing of clergymen, follow this style: _the Rev. Dr. John J. Blank_,
_Dr. Blank_, the _Rev. Mr. Blank_. Never _Rev. Blank_ or _the Rev.
Blank_.
Bishops of the Catholic, Anglican or Episcopal communions use the prefix
_Right Reverend_, abbreviated _Rt. Rev._
Bishops of the Methodist church NEVER use the prefix _Rt. Rev._ They
make no claim to apostolic succession. The usage of Methodism is to
write, for example, "Bishop Theodore Somers Henderson, of the Methodist
Episcopal area of Detroit."
In the Methodist church an episcopal division is denominated, Area; in
the Catholic and Anglican communions, Diocese.
Deans of the Catholic and Anglican churches use the prefix _Very Rev._
Under no circumstances call priests of the Roman Catholic church
_ministers_. Call them either priests or pastors.
The denominational usage in the Methodist church is to call clergymen
_preachers_. In the Congregational and Presbyterian churches it is in
accord with denominational usage to call clergymen _ministers_.
Archbishops of the Catholic church carry the prefix _Most Rev._;
cardinals, _His Eminence_; as, _His Eminence, James, Cardinal Gibbons_.
Invariably the word _Rabbi_ should be placed before the name of a Jewish
pastor. It should be written, _Rabbi Leo M. Franklin, of the Temple Beth
El_; never _Dr. Leo M. Franklin, rabbi of the Temple Beth El_.
Never use indiscriminately the prefix _Dr._ in the case of a clergyman.
Clergymen of any denomination are not entitled to the prefix _Dr._
unless the degree of Doctor of Divinity has been conferred on them by
some recognized college or university.
Write a priest's name, _the Rev. Fr. Blank_, or _Fr. Blank_.
COMPOUNDS
Webster's New International Dictionary is the standard of the office on
compounding words, on hyphenation and on spelling, except as the style
of The News noted in this book is different.
+----------------------------------------------+
| REPORTER OF THE NEW ... REMEMBRANCER OF THE |
| OLD AND TRIED ... HERALD OF WHAT IS TO COME. |
+----------------------------------------------+
SUPERFLUOUS WORDS
Avoid awkward phrases as _a man of the name of_. A _man named_ is not
only better style but shorter. Do not write _at the corner of State and
Griswold streets_, but simply _at State and Griswold streets_. In place
of _so that_ use either _so_ or _that_. In the phrases that follow,
observe that the italicized words are not needed.
throughout the _whole of the_ state
throughout the _entire_ state
_in order_ to
a hill resembling _in its form_ a hat
the problem is _a difficult one_
he addressed the _different_ schools
_As yet_ no clue has been found
he works _equally_ as hard
most are _of a_ large _size_
_the color of_ the hat was green
Don't say _invited guest_. It is supposed that a guest is invited.
Don't say _They both went_. Omit _they_.
Write _equally well_, or _as well_, not _equally as well_.
Don't write _new beginner_ or _new recruit_.
Don't write _general consensus of opinion_. Omit the _general_.
Consensus means _a general agreement_.
Don't say _entirely completed_. _Completed_ means finished in entirety.
Don't say _partly completed_; that phrase involves a contradiction.
Don't write that he has _a brilliant future before him_. Futures do not
lie in the past.
Don't say _present incumbent_. _Incumbent_ means at present in office.
Don't say _old adage_. If it's an adage, it's old.
Don't write _widow woman_, _true facts_, _old veterans_, _the la
grippe_, _the hoi polloi_.
Don't say _possibly may_ or _possibly might_. The verb conveys the idea
of possibility.
Two words may be discarded generally in the phrase _whether or not_.
Write it: _He doesn't know whether he will go._
Omit the italicized phrase in He was thrown _a distance of_ 50 feet.
Don't write _regular monthly meeting_. If it's monthly, it's _regular_.
If a man is _well known_, it is not necessary to say so.
Omit the adverb in the phrase _totally destroyed_.
Don't write _still persists_. _Still_ is superfluous.
Make it _noon_, not _high noon_.
VITAL STATISTICS
In writing obituaries the reporter must use the greatest care, for it is
very easy to offend the family of the subject of the obituary. Avoid the
conventional euphemisms.
Prefer:
_body_ to _remains_
_send body_ to _ship body_
_coffin_ to _casket_
_flowers_ to _floral offerings_
_funeral_ to _obsequies_
_widow_ to _wife_
_burial_ to _interment_
_the dead man_ to _deceased_ or _defunct_
Avoid:
_the late_
_late residence_
solemn black__
_sable hearse_
_last sad rites_
_Marriage_ is a state. The ceremony is a _wedding_. Don't marry the man
_to_ the woman. The woman is always married to the man.
Don't say a marriage was _consummated_.
_Funeral_ means _interment_. Write: _Funeral services were held at the
church and burial was in Evergreen Cemetery._
Do not use _heart failure_ for _heart disease_. All persons die because
the heart fails to beat.
Write simply, _he died_, and not _passed away_, _shuffled off this
mortal coil_, _gave up the ghost_, or any similarly amateurish phrase.
There is no occasion for clothing the incident of death in a panoply of
words, nor should birth be written of except simply. Do not say, _a
little stranger was ushered into a cold world_, but _a child was born_.
In writing of vital statistics--death, birth, marriage--be content to
state the facts without unnecessary embellishment. Forget about the
stork, the grim reaper, Hymen and Cupid.
A DICTIONARY
Wrote Sir Clifford Allbutt: "A dictionary 'sanctions' nothing of its
contents, but it enables us by consultation of its stores to compare and
choose for ourselves. In using this liberty we shall neither be
subservient to the prescriptions of age, nor scornful of modern freedom;
in every use we shall be guided by historical growth, the example of the
best authors, and our present necessities."
+---------------------------------------------+
| SCOURGE OF EVIL DOERS ... EXPOSER OF SECRET |
| INIQUITIES ... UNRELENTING FOE OF PRIVILEGE |
| AND CORRUPTION. |
+---------------------------------------------+
SPELLING
LOOK IT UP IF YOU ARE NOT SURE.
BETTER LOOK IT UP ANYWAY.
If two spellings are given in the dictionary, the first cited is
preferable.
Follow these spellings:
_airplane_
_ayes and noes_
_ax_
_base ball_
_basket ball_
_bazar_
_birdseye_
_blond_ (both noun and adjective)
_Budapest_
_can not_
_Chile_ (South America)
_Chili_ (Africa)
_clue_
_decollete_
_dispatch_
_draft_
_drouth_
_Duma_
_employe_
_Eskimo_
_facsimile_
_Filipino_
_foot ball_
_gaily_
_gaiety_
_goodby_
_guarantee_ (verb)
_guaranty_ (noun)
_Hayti_
_Hindu_
_Khartum_
_kidnaped_
_Korea_
_Leipzig_
_Macaulay's History_
_Mohammed_
_nearby_
_plow_
_Porto Rico_
_repertory_
_Shakespeare_
_Shakespearean_
_skilful_
_technic_
_Tibet_
_today_
_Tolstoy_
_tomorrow_
_Turgenieff_
_tying_
_vilify_
_vying_
_whisky_
_Wilkes-Barre_
_woolly_
_world series_
Write: _Parcel post_, not _parcels post_.
Be sure that proper names are spelled uniformly throughout a story.
Use the form _in_ instead of _en_ in such words as _indorse_, _inclose_.
Write it: _Trade unions_, not _trades unions_.
Use no diphthongs when they can be avoided. Write: _anesthetic_,
_esthetic_, _medieval_, _maneuver_, _subpena_, _homeopathic_.