Tantalus
Tantalus, a rich and powerful king, was deemed worthy by Zeus to visit
the gold-gleaming mansions of the gods on high Olympus and to partake of
nectar and ambrosia at their tables. Zeus and the other immortals even
deigned to appear under Tantalus' roof, to sit at his table, and
converse in his own speech. Such an honor was too great for a mortal to
bear. Inflated with pride, he made himself hated by gods and men. He not
only made sport of the names of the immortals and uttered falsehoods,
but he would reveal their decrees to mortals and steal nectar and
ambrosia for his friends. He at last grew so audacious that he was
warned and threatened by the gods. Finally his penalty overtook him.
Upon one occasion when the gods were visiting him and partaking of a
banquet, he decided to test just how far they were omniscient. He killed
his son Pelops, prepared his flesh as a test, and set the disgusting
food before them. All recognized the unnatural deed of the father except
Ceres, whose heart was full of sorrow over the loss of her daughter.[14]
So it happened that she partook of the food, and ate of the shoulder of
Pelops. Zeus collected the parts of the body, substituted an ivory
shoulder, recalled Pelops' soul from Tartarus, restored him to life, and
then plunged Tantalus into Hades to suffer endless torment.
When Tantalus regained consciousness, he found himself standing up to
his chin in water. Overcome with burning thirst, he bent his head to
drink. But the more he bent his head the lower the water receded, and at
last sunk into the ground, leaving nothing at his feet but dry, black
dust. As he raised his head the water raised, only to disappear whenever
he tried to drink. Over his head hung branches loaded with fruit.
Between the green leaves were pomegranates, balsamic pears, olives,
figs, and spicy apples, but whenever the victim raised his hands to
pluck them, a wind drove the branches away from him. His torment was
endless. A restless longing never to be satisfied was the punishment
inflicted upon him by the revengeful divinity.