=Ichthyic=, 244.
=Ichthyosauria=, 44.
=Illustrations=; often misleading, 12, 102, 116, 190, 229, 324.
=Illustrators=, responsibility of, 12, 25, etc.
=Imbricated= scales, 317, _et seq._
=Immunity= from venom, 523, 524, 538, _et seq._, 559.
=Inadvertent= intruder, an, 309.
‘=Inchantments=’, 281.
=Incubation= of py., 79, 442, _et seq._, 434;
early known, 441, 443;
mentioned by Aristotle, 441;
of Jamaica boa, 449, _et seq._
=India=; Prince of Wales in, 22, 87;
superstitions of, 22, 511, _et seq._, 517, 555.
=Indian= Ocean; range of sea-ss., 236;
sea-ser. seen in, 256.
‘=Indian= snakes’ (_see_ Nicholson).
=Indian= vernaculars, 425.
=Indians=, N. Am., their traditions, 272, 294, 486, 509;
quick of hearing, 527;
good physicians, 282;
prompt in danger, 391, 544.
=Ingenious= chirurgeons, 268, 272;
taking the lead in science, 273, 274.
=Insalivation= of food, 352 (_see_ glands).
‘=Insects=’, what they were, 43.
=Insensibility= produced by venom, 577, 590.
=Institution=, London, Lectures at (_see_ Huxley, Ruskin).
=Integument=; expansion of, 30;
modifications in, 315, 320, _et seq._;
hood of co., 327;
sloughing, 329;
patterns and colouring, 338, _et seq._ (_see_ epidermis).
=Intermaxillary=, 31.
=Intoxication= counteracted by venom, 548, _et seq._
=Iowa=, the first rattle, 295;
the whiskey cure, 549.
=Ipecacuanha=, an approved medicine, 537.
=Irritability=; of rattlesnakes, 312;
of young ss., 437, 438;
of young slow-worms, 463.
_Isodon_, 347.
_Isodontiens_, 347.
=Italian=, a noble, 278 (_see_ Redi).
J
‘=J. J. A.=’, shoals of sea ss., 238.
=Jamaica=, blind worms in, 187 (_see_ Gosse).
=Japan=, Indian _Crotalidæ_, 386.
=Jardin= des Plantes, Paris, 165.
=Java=, Indian _Crotalidæ_, 386.
=Java= Naja, a double-headed s., 190.
=Jaws=, the; six, 32;
sometimes seven, _ib._;
action of, 34;
how articulated, 30, _et seq._;
widely extensible, 37, 139, 141, 409, 569;
adjustment of, 59, 72, 139;
independent action of, 32, 343;
all furnished with teeth, _ib._;
illus. of, 349, 355.
=Jesse=, 77;
important evidence, 491.
=Johnson= ‘wrot on Brazile’, 277.
=Jones=, Rymer, bulk of ss.’ tongue, 118;
sense of touch, 195, _et seq._, 198;
pliancy of the spine, 196, 212;
on the rattle, 307;
an inadvertence, 308;
ss.’ eyelids, 329;
incubation, 434, 449.
=Jourdan=, 414.
‘=Joynts=’; of the rattle, 280;
of the jaw, 370.
‘=Juyce= of the bag’, 556 (_see_ salivary, etc.).
K
=Kamptee=, snakes at home, 501.
=Kansas=, observations in, 498.
=Keel=-shaped scales, 319;
developed in the _Tropidonoti_, 320;
derivation, 223, 320;
elaborated in viperine, 317, 320, 374, 421, 426;
illus. of, 176, 193, 317.
=Keeper= at the Z.G. in danger, 39, 589 (_see_ Holland, Tyrrell,
Z.G.).
=Kentucky=, rattle from, 296.
=Killing= prey, three ways of, 29 (_see_ Z.G.).
=Kingdom=, animal, 51;
links in, 44, 413.
=Kingsley=, the _Cascobel_, 397;
charm of a discovery, 404.
=Kingston=, a ‘fearful beauty’, 418.
=Kirtland=, Jared, of Ohio, on increase of ss., 57;
describes the _Massasauga_, 292, 393;
cro. named from him, _ib._
=Klein=, 353.
=Kniuet=, Master Anthony, on Brazil, 271.
‘=Knowing= Physicians’, experiments, 273, 556.
=Krefft=, Gerard: ‘drumming’ ss., 154;
hibernating, 162;
s. hunting, 167;
death adder, 172;
climbing ss., 219;
the _Homalopsidæ_, 224;
sea-ss., 235;
their length, 237, 246;
on classification, 416, 423.
=Krishna=, Hindû god, 518.
L
=Lacépède=, 383;
_le rativoro_, 228;
_la rude_, 414.
=Lacerda=, experiments, 416, 557.
_Lacerta agilis_, 458.
=Laidley= worm, the, 117.
=Lamarrepiquot=, M., incubation, 444.
=Landells=, J. H., sea ser. seen by, 257.
=Lapping=, 80, 82, 92, 122;
of lizards, 71, 591;
of _anguis fragilis_, 89.
‘=Larkes=’, how caught, 50.
=Larynx=, the, 132, 133, 135, 222.
‘=Last= Rambles among the Indians’ (Catlin), 289.
=Latreille=, 161, 383.
=Laurenti=, 383.
=Lawson=, 4;
his ‘insects’, 43, 282;
his ‘reptiles’, 43;
an egg merchant, 63, 182;
milk-drinkers, 86;
‘blowing’ vs., 152;
‘thorn tail’ or ‘horn’ s., 172, 173;
dedication of his work, 173;
water-ss., 226;
the poison teeth, 370.
=Leaping=, 183, 198.
=Leathes=, Col., a sea-ser., 252.
‘=Leaves= from the Notebook of a Naturalist’ (W. J. Broderip), 140;
boa feeding, 113.
=Lectures=, the ‘Davis’, 24, 51, 214, 413;
Lond. Inst., 41, 195, 196, 211, 327, 329, 342, 364;
St. George’s Hall, 50, 266.
=Lee=, H., Esq., on the sea ser., 262, _et seq._
‘=Leisure= Hour’, the, on snakes, 115, _et seq._;
illus., 116.
=Lenz=, H. O., 5, 25;
s. drinking, 81, 83, 120, _et seq._;
on the tongue, 123, _et seq._
_Lepidosiren_, the, 44, 263;
ichthyic characters of, 244.
‘=Letters= from Alabama’ (P. H. Gosse), 9.
=Lewarn=, W., sea-ser. seen by, 257.
=Licking=, 83, 110, _et seq._, 117.
‘=Life= among the Indians’ (_see_ Catlin), 391.
‘=Life= in the South’ (Catherine C. Hopley), 6, 64, 156.
‘=Lightning=’, H.M.S., voyages of, 262.
=Lilford=, Lord, an ophiophilist, 20, 567.
=Lincolnshire=, ‘larkes’ in, 50.
=Linnæus=, his systems, 46;
his ‘_colubers_’, 47;
out of date, 90;
temperature of ss., 161;
his successors, 382;
dumb rattlesnake, 387;
_Coluber scaber_, 414;
slow-worms, 452.
=Liverpool=, statements at, 256.
=Livingstone=, egg-eating ss., 66;
ss. come to drink, 82;
a bleating s., 154;
ss. on board, 230.
=Lizards=, 71, 453, 458;
_Zootica_ sheltering her young, 491;
the _Heloderm_, 589.
‘=Lizzie=’, very thirsty, 89, 481;
her achievements, 459, 471, _et seq._;
her wrong names, 471, _et seq._;
illus., 472;
in a knot, 478;
two libels, 480;
climbing, 482.
=Loades=, Mr. Henry (1682), his gift to the R. Soc., 275.
=Lockwood=, Mr., of U.S., pine s. drinking, 93;
mystic coils, 151;
‘blowing’ s., 155.
‘=Lolo=’, a tame snake, 516.
=Loomis=, Rev. Chauncey, Convention on Snakes, 489.
=Lord=, John Keast, 216;
Egyptian jugglers, 523.
=Lovering=, Prof. Jno., President of the Am. Ass., 485.
=Lubbock=, Sir Jno., gift of a _Heloderm_ to Z. Soc., 589.
=Lubrication=, 35, 92, 108, _et seq._
=Lubricity=, 49, _et seq._
_Lycodon_, 347.
M
=Maçeio=, a cannibal s. at, 39.
=Mackeney= on the Am. Indians, 509.
=M’Leod=, his book, 111;
boa feeding, _ib._, _et seq._
=M’Quhæ=, Capt. of H.M.S. Dædalus, official report of a sea-ser., 259.
=Madagascar=, range of sea-ss., 236.
=Madras=, experiments of Dr. Shortt, 390, 550, 552.
=Maine=, U.S.A., Am. Ass. held at Portland (_see_ Convention on
Snakes).
=Malacca=, marine salamander off, 251.
=Malay=, Indian _Crotalidæ_, 386;
antitoxic plants, 539.
=Mammals=, necks of, 211.
=Mann=, Mr., pet snakes, 13, 92, 515, 525.
=Marcgravius=, 272, 276, 397.
=Marine= fauna, 233 (_see_ sea-ss., sea-ser.).
‘=Master= teeth’, 273, 370, 556.
=Maternal=; instincts, 290, 431, _et seq._, 442, 447, 464, 488,
_et seq._;
affection of ss. witnessed, 442, 448, 450, 491, _et seq._, 502, 504.
=Maternal= refuge, 483;
an old belief, 486;
physiologically possible, 489;
examination of evidence, 492;
speculations on, 505.
=Maunder’s= ‘Treasury of Natural History’, 111.
=Maxillary= bone (_see_ jaws, dentition, etc.).
=Maximus= and Minimus, 452, _et seq._
=Mechanism=, ‘curious’, 380 (_see_ spine, fangs).
=Medical= College of London, 275.
‘=Medical= Times’, 87, 547.
=Meham=, member of Am. Con., 489.
‘=Memoirs= of Captivity among the Indians’, 488.
‘=Menina=’, tame boa, 516.
=Merembergius= on Brazil, 277.
=Merrem=, herpetologist, 383.
=Mexican=; vernaculars, 277, _et seq._, 423, 590;
rattle, 296;
illus. of, 306.
=Mexico=, Gulf of, shoals of ss., 231;
ancient temples in, 510;
_Heloderm_ from, 590.
=Michigan=, Mr. Beal on the rattle, 309;
the _Massasauga_ there, 393.
=Milan=, experiments at, 280.
=Milk=, drinkers of, 76, 86;
saved by, 87.
=Mischief=; by the tongue, 94, _et seq._;
by the tail, 171, _et seq._, 187;
by stings, _ib._;
of delay in a bite, 544, 545.
‘=Mischiefs=’, source of, 273, 280, 556.
=Missionary= Travels (Livingstone), 154, _et seq._
=Mississippi=, the, 295, 549.
=Mitchell=, Dr. Weir, of U.S., 5;
his experiments, 291;
vibration of rattle, 312;
replacement of fangs, 364, 375;
capsules of, 378;
rapidity of stroke, 379;
number of species, 388;
expiration, 389;
virulence of bite, 390;
the headless trunk, 391.
=Mivart=, Prof., F.R.S., orders of reptiles, 51, 52;
on classification, 413.
=Moisture=; essential to ss., 162, 166, 224;
to the hatching of eggs, 434, 457.
=Monsters=, 249, 254, 267.
=Monstrosities=, 189, _et seq._, 254, 256, 517.
=Moore=, Mr., his testimony, 255.
=Mouth= of ss. (_see_ jaws, teeth, etc.).
=Movements=, 151, 181, 195, 218, _et seq._ (_see_ coiling,
constriction, swimming).
=Mucous= secretions abundant, 36 (_see_ lubrication, salivation).
=Müntras=, Hindû belief in, 512, 555.
_Muridæ_, the, 229.
_Mus coypus_, 229.
=Muscles=: of the larynx, 141;
of the tail, 180, 182, 183, 587;
in the slow-worm, 472;
of the ribs, 212, 215;
irritability of, 183, 471.
=Muscular= powers of ss., 38, 181, 199, 202, 204.
=Musée= d’Histoire, 443, 444.
=Museum=, Br. (_see_ Br. M.).
=Museum=;
of Paris, 78, 165;
Australian, 246;
of the R.C.S., 24, 408;
of Washington, 488.
=Music=, ss.’ love of, 525, _et seq._
_Myopotamus_, the, 229.
=Mythology=, ancient serpent symbols, 508.
N
=Nâg=, =Nâgo=, Nâgowa, caste names of India, 513.
=National= Library, our, 444.
_Natter_, 479.
=Natural= History, development of, 272;
at Florence, 368;
in England, 3, 45, 49, 99, 261, 273, 363, 372, etc.
‘=Natural= History of New York’, 85.
‘=Natural= History of Carolina’ (_see_ Catesby).
‘=Natural= History of Reptiles’ (Gosse), 90.
‘=Naturalist= in Jamaica’ (Gosse), 186.
‘=Naturalist’s= Notes from South Africa’, 70.
‘=Naturalist= on the Amazon’ (Bates), 421.
‘=Naturall= Historie of Serpentes’, 101.
=Neck=: vertebræ of, 211;
snakes have none, _ib._
=Neck=-toothed ss., 67, _et seq._
=Netto=, Dr., experiments with venom, 557.
=Neuwied=, 228.
=Nevada=, incident in, 549.
=New= Caledonia, sea ss., 231, 238.
‘=New= Experiments on Vipers’ (1673), 273, 371.
=New= Jersey, Lockwood on the pine s., 93.
=New= York State, _battues_ of rattlesnakes, 289.
=Newman=, Ed., editor of ‘Zoologist’, 3, 492;
maternal affection of _Zootica vivipara_, 491.
=Newspapers= quoted: American, 231, 248, 486;
Country, the, 310, 504;
Dailies, the, 13, 417;
‘Echo’, 247;
‘Field’, the, 20, 61, 83, 164, 237, _et seq._, 439, 490, 493, 498,
504, 522, 530;
‘Illus. Lond. News’, 247;
‘Knowledge’, 592;
‘Land and Water’, 20, 231, 239, 249, _et seq._, 254, 261, 399, _et
seq._, 405, 417, 422, _et seq._, 439, 455, 465, 516, 524, 526,
530;
Liverpool, 256;
‘London General Advertiser’ (1752), 285;
‘Medical Times’, 87, 547;
‘Modern Thought’, 18;
‘Nature’, 217, 249, 267, 329, 474, 536;
‘Times’, the, 232, 520;
Weeklies, 417.
=Nicander=, his two-headed s., 190.
=Nicholson=, Dr. Ed., of Madras: ‘Indian Snakes’, 5;
ss. drinking, 89;
sea-ss., 235;
replacement of teeth, 344, 375;
four stages of development in, 349;
on the maternal refuge, 504;
the Russell’s v., 537;
important statistics, 541;
efficacy of tobacco, 542;
self-inflicted bites, 559.
=Nicols=, Arthur, Esq., F.G.S. (‘Zoological Notes’), on the tongue,
125;
rattle, 310;
instance of maternal refuge, 504.
=Nicotine= fatal to ss., 542, _et seq._
=Nightingale=, Mr. W., a cure by alcohol, 551.
=Nocturnal=, most ss. are, 2, 56, 386, 503.
=Noise=, not ‘music’, 526, _et seq._
=Nomenclature=, perplexing, 10, 43, 277, 396, _et seq._;
why so, 413, 419, 421, _et seq._, 423 (_see_ classification,
vernaculars).
=Norfolk=, important evidence from, 491.
‘=North=-American Herpetology’, 86, 175, 301 (_see_ Holbrooke).
=Norway=, sea-sers. frequent, 251.
=Nostrils=, ss. breathe through, 139, 143;
opposite the glottis, _ib._;
higher in water ss., 223;
vertical in anaconda, 228;
and in sea-ss., 234;
double in the _Crotalidæ_ (_see_ ‘pit’).
‘=Nova= Animalium Mexicanum’, 590 (_see_ Hernandez).
‘=Novum= Organum’ (Lord Bacon), 99.
=Nubians= use antitoxics, 525.
O
=Obsolete= teachings, 49, 99, 174, 191, 478, etc.
=Ocquago=, rattlesnake den, 289.
‘=Odontography=’, 32, 67, 408 (_see_ Owen).
=Œsophagus=, 67;
gular teeth there, 69.
_Ogmodon_, grooved tooth, 347.
=Ohio=; Dr. Kirtland’s observations in, 57, 292, 393;
_battues_ of s., 289;
evidence of the maternal refuge, 496.
=Oil=; abundant in ss., 165, 286;
of vs., a remedy for their bite, 522, 541.
_Oldenlandia_, 65.
_Oligodon_, few toothed, 347.
_Ophidarium_, the, 16, 61, 163.
_Ophidia_; divisions of, 46, 51, _et seq._;
groups of, 53;
all carnivorous, 56;
and oviparous, _ib._;
prejudices regarding, 3, 97, 103, 189, _et seq._;
well supplied with teeth, 344;
sub-orders of, 354;
complications in classification, 413.
=Ophidiana=, s. gossip, 1, 26.
_Ophidion_, 49;
_Ophiodes_, _ib._
=Ophiology=;
meaning of, 47;
advance of, 3, 47, 75.
=Ophis=, the seeing, 48.
=Oppel=, herpetologist, 383.
‘=Organization= of the Animal Kingdom’ (_see_ Jones).
‘=Origin= of Species’, 263, 311 (_see_ Darwin).
‘=Osborne=’, the (Royal yacht), marine animal seen from, 252, 254,
261.
=Oviparous=, 56, 431, 433, 497 (_see_ gestation, incubation, etc.).
=Ovoviviparous=, 431, _et seq._, 505;
exceptional cases, 434, _et seq._, 449, 462, 505.
=Owen=, Professor, F.R.S., etc., 22;
on the jaws, 32;
the _Deirodon_, 66, _et seq._;
the tongue, 119;
the glottis, 131;
lung of ss. 142, _et seq._;
_chordæ vocales_, 147;
prehensile tails, 180;
saltatory motion, 184;
exquisite organization of the spinal column, 196, 336;
ss. are acrobats, 198;
spine of py., 210;
ichthyic characters of the _Lepidosiren_, 244;
the sea-ser., 254;
the _Bucephali_, 408.
P
_Paca_, the, 229.
=Pacific=, sea-ss. in, 238.
=Palæontology=, 42, 44.
=Palate=, armed with teeth, 30, 34, 343, 402;
illus., 355;
two jaws, 343.
=Palmer=, Dr. E., of the Smithsonian Institute, U.S., important
evidence, 488.
=Panama=, sea-ss. at, 236, 238;
boa from, 438.
=Paradox=, the, 263.
=Paraguay=, ss. washed down from, 232;
observations in, 488.
=Pauline= (the barque): sea-ser. testimony, 251, 256, _et seq._
=Pearson= (Commander of Royal yacht _Osborne_): report of a gigantic
marine animal, 255.
=Pelagic= serpents, 82, 235, 240 (_see_ Cantor).
=Penny= Cyclopædia, 113.
=Penny= Magazine, 141.
=Pepys= quoted, 49.
=Pernambuco=, _Xenodons_ from, 400.
=Persia=, ‘Travels in’ (Sir R. Ker Porter), 113.
=Peru=, ‘Travels in’, 419 (_see_ Tschudi).
=Phares=, Dr. D. L., Science Convention on Snakes, 489.
=Pharmacopœia=, the homœopathic, 556.
=Pharynx=, 30, 132, 147.
=Phené=, _Sun and Serpent Worship_, 514.
=Philosophical= Transactions: first tropical s., 117;
Dr. Tyson on the larynx, 135;
two-headed s., 190;
a porcupine swallowed, 192;
Sir E. Home on progression, 208;
stimulating influence, 273;
anatomy of a rattlesnake, 275;
_Vipera Caudisona_, 276, _et seq._;
Sir Hans Sloane’s experiments, 281;
early observations, 295;
a venerable cro., 302;
sloughing of reptiles, 331;
mobility of fangs, 370;
reserve fangs, 371;
succession of fangs, 373;
how they become fixed, 363;
brooding of eggs, 443.
=Philosophical= Society, 117.
=Physicians=, ‘knowing’ ones at Florence, 273.
‘=Physionomie= des Serpents’ (_see_ Schlegel).
‘=Pilgrimage=’, the, of Purchas, 276.
=Pipe=-fish, the, 489.
‘=Pit=’, the, of cro.: first observed by Tyson, 277;
its use still undetermined, 381;
a plague to classifiers, 382, _et seq._;
‘secreting follicles’ of Owen, 384;
‘_fossettes lacrymales_’ of Duméril, 385;
_Bothrophidæ_ named from them, 383;
the _Crotalidæ_ of modern ophiologists, 385.
=Pitfield= (Captain O. A.): shoals of ss. seen by, 231.
=Plate=, River, ss. washed down, 232;
vernaculars of, 423.
=Platt=, Mr., a Florentine enthusiast, 273.
_Platypus_, the, 263.
=Pliny=, 84, 96, 168, 189, 196.
=Poison=, renewed, 351;
‘spouted’, _ib._
=Poisonous=; tongue, 97, _et seq._;
teeth (_see_ fangs).
=Pontoppidan=: Bishop, sea-ser. history, 247, 251.
=Poojah=, 512, 513.
=Porcupine=; swallowed, 192;
H.M.S., 262.
=Porter=, Sir R. Ker, sensationalism, 112;
his travels, 113.
=Portland=, U.S., Convention on Snakes, 485, 506.
=Portuguese=: the, as colonists, 4, 354;
a friar of, on Brazil, 271;
name for snake, 354.
‘=Prairie= Farms’, 227 (_see_ Gilmore).
=Prehensile= tails, 180, 202, 224;
of sea-ss., 233;
of anaconda and _anguis fragilis_, 472.
=Prey=, how caught, 27, 198, 203 (_see_ Notes from the Z.G.);
bulk of, 29, 34, 409, 585;
shifted in the mouth, 29;
held by coils, 199, 410.
=Prince= of Wales in India, 87.
=Pringle=, Mr. E. H., sea-ss. on shore, 237;
a supposed sea-ser., 249.
=Progression=, 54, 213;
by the ribs, 208;
like swimming, 217, 430 (_see_ movements, acrobats).
=Psalms=, the, 103.
=Pseudo=-fangs, 403, _et seq._
=Pseudoxia=, or ‘Vulgar Errours’, 171, 191.
=Psylli=, the, 522.
_Pterosauria_, 44.
=Puffing=, 148, _et seq._
=Pulmonary= bag, the, 142.
=Purchas=, 271, 369, 397, 428.
=Putnam=, F. W., of U.S., editor of the ‘American Naturalist’, 485;
secretary to the Am. Ass., 485;
on the maternal refuge, 486, _et seq._, 497.
Q
=Queensland=, species of ss. in, 540.
=Questions= yet undecided: the use of the rattle, 294;
the ‘pit’, _doubles narines_, or _fosses lacrymales_, 381;
‘sleeping’ of ss., 169;
origin of the maternal refuge, 505;
nature of gigantic marine animals, 267.
R
=Raleigh=, Sir W., 99.
‘=Rambles= and Scrambles’ (Sullivan), 419.
=Rattells=, Indian charms, 272.
=Rattles=, their use, 294, 307;
speculations regarding, 308, 311, _et seq._;
their age, 296, _et seq._, 302;
form and colour, 296, 299, _et seq._;
structure, 303, 305, _et seq._;
Duméril’s conclusions, 313.
=Rattlesnake= dens, 289, 301.
=Redi=: _Osservazione intorno alle Vipere_, 372;
knew of the mobility of fangs, _ib._
=Règne= animal, Cuvier, 47.
‘=Relations= of the World’, by the Pilgrim Purchas, 270, 369.
=Repose=; after food, 40, 64;
of sea-ss., 235;
as quiescence, 421, 587;
periodical (_see_ hibernation).
=Reptiles=; how divided, 51;
definition of the name, 206.
‘=Reptiles= of British India’, by Dr. A. Günther, F.R.S., of the
Br. M. (_see_ Günther).
‘=Reptiles=, Natural History of’ (_see_ Gosse).
‘=Rerum= Naturalium Thesauri’ (Seba), 278.
‘=Rervm= Natvralivm Braziliæ’ (Marcgravius), 397.
=Respiration=; sometimes partial, 144;
cessation of, 145;
weak, 146;
when feeding, 132, 141;
in sea-ss., 132 (_see_ glottis, hibernation, etc.).
=Ribbon= fish, 249, 250.
=Ribs=; action of, 207;
number of, 213;
expansion of, 36, 39 (_see_ emotions, feeding, etc.);
articulation of, 36, 212;
in progression, 207, 215.
‘=Ricerche= fisiche sopra il veleno della Vipere’ (by Felix Fontana,
1761), 368.
=Richards=, Dr. Vincent, experiments in artificial respiration, 552.
=Rocky= Mountains, cañons haunts of ss., 162.
=Roget=, P. M., quotes Hellmann, 120;
perception of touch in ss., 195;
the spinal column, 210.
‘=Romance= of Natural History’ (Gosse), 248.
=R.C.S.=, Museum of, 24, 68, 408, 415.
=Royal= Family, the, 20.
=Royal= herpetologists, _ib._
=Ruskin=, Prof., lecture on ss., 41;
classical names of, 48;
movements, 195, 218.
=Russell=, Lord Arthur, a herpetologist, 20;
a friend of the Ophidia, _ib._
=Ruthven=, S. S., Esq., of U.S., a large brood of ss., 497.
S
‘=S.=’ Captain, bitten by a sea-s., 241.
=Saades= and Samp Wallahs, the, 515, 522.
=Salamanders=, 164.
=Saleratus= an Am. remedy, 553.
=Saliva=, abundant, 35, 109, 112, 352.
=Salivary= apparatus: of ss. complicated, 35, 109, 350, _et seq._;
an aid to digestion, 352.
=Salivation= of prey, 36, 110.
=Saltatory= actions of ss., 184, 186, 448.
=Santos=, _pelamis bicolor_ there, 238.
=Sao= Gabrielle, observations by Wallace, 421.
_Sauria_, the, 51;
saurians, 71, 327, 331, 590.
_Saurophidians_, 44.
=Scales=; illus. of, 46, 176, 193, 234, 240, 316, _et seq._;
ss. classified by, 46, 316;
size of, 337;
head shields, 316;
ventral, 176, 213 (_see_ epidermis).
=Sceva=, Mr., 365 (_see_ Fayrer).
‘=Schlangen= und Schlangen Feind’ (H. O. Lenz), 81.
=Schlegel=, Herman: his work, 3;
salivary glands, 35;
an authority, 90;
doubts snakes drinking, 77;
power of tail, 182;
vertebræ, 209;
fangs, 362;
involution of, 356;
action of, 363;
translation of his works, 3, 209.
=Schliemann=, Dr., vegetable antidotes, 524.
=Schneck=, Dr. J., of U.S., on Heterodon, 412.
=Science= Gossip, 490, _et seq._
=Science= News, 411.
=Sclater=, P. Lutley, Esq., F.R.S., Sec. to the Z. Soc., Lond.: the
carinate birds, 320;
a communication to, 404;
the brood of boas, 516.
_Scorpione_, the, 590.
=Scutæ=, overlapping, 194 (_see_ scales, epidermis).
=Sea=-ss., 233, _et seq._ (_see_ Pelagic).
=Sea=-sers. hard to identify, 248, _et seq._;
gigantic marine forms seen, 251;
most frequent in the North Atlantic, 252;
probable hibernation of, 253;
not necessarily ‘monsters’, 254;
official reports of, 255, _et seq._;
Mr. Bartlett on, 261;
speculations, 264, _et seq._;
existence still doubtful, 267.
=Searle=, Mr. E. W., on the brood of young boas, 439.
=Seba=, a crowing s., 154;
on the anaconda, 228, _et seq._;
vernaculars of the rattlesnake, 278.
=Seh=, Fetish god, 514.
=Sensations=, complex, 121;
in ss. dull, 56, 161, _et seq._
=Septic=, a, s. venom is, 552.
=Serpent=: of Cuvier, 47;
of mythology, 48, 102, 508;
‘sting’ of, 49;
Lord Bacon on, _ib._;
the name defined, 206;
myths of, 514;
worship of, 2, 513, _et seq._;
symbol, _ib._
‘=Serpentes=’, of Topsell, 43, 101;
of Purchas, 369.
=Serpentine= movements, 195.
‘=Serpentum= Braziliensis’ (Wagler), 383, 427.
=Shakspeare=, his popularity, 97;
not a naturalist, _ib._;
contemporary literature, 99;
quotations from, 100.
=Shaler=, Prof., U.S., on natural selection, 308.
=Shell=-breaker, ‘Sunkerchor’, 63.
=Shields=, 316 (_see_ scales, epidermis).
=Shortt=, Dr., of Madras, gives milk to snakes, 87;
approves of alcoholic remedies, 550;
claims originality with _liquor potassæ_, 552.
=Silliman’s= Journal of Science, 248.
=Skeleton=, of cobra, 31;
of jaws, 349.
=Skin=, shedding of (_see_ integument, epidermis).
=Sleeping= after meals, 40;
with open eyes, 64, 169, 421.
=Sloane=, Sir Hans: ‘Inchantments’, etc., 281;
experiments, 370.
=Sloughing= of lizards, 331, 481 (_see_ epidermis).
=Smith=, Dr. Andrew: egg-eaters, 66, _et seq._;
his work, 230;
the _Bucephali_, 407, _et seq._
=Smith=, a Mr., _Coluber smithii_, 416.
=Smith=, Captain John, the rattells, 272.
=Smith=, Prof. Lawrence, Pres. of the Am. Ass. (_see_ Convention on
Snakes), 485.
=Smith=, Sydney J., Esq., U.S., testimony, 438.
=Smithsonian= Contributions, 364.
=Smithsonian= Institution, Washington D.C., 488.
‘=Snakes= of Australia’ (Krefft), 154, 172.
=Snakes=, Lectures on (_see_ Huxley, Ruskin).
=Snakes=: a home for, 61, 592;
groups of, 53;
their place in nature, 56;
length of life, 56;
their uses, 57;
cruel packing of, 169;
powers of (_see_ constriction, deglutition, dentition, fangs,
glottis, hibernation, progression, respiration, teeth, etc.);
by name:
=ABOMA=, 454;
_acanthophis_, 172;
_adder_, 49, 172, 392, 410, 424, 471;
_aglyphodontes_, 347;
_amphisbœna_, 44, 91, 174, 189, 190, 353;
_anaconda_, 112, 210, 228, 232, 441, 454, _et seq._;
_ancistrodon_, 11, 495, 571, 572;
_anguis_ 48, 54, 89, 93, 171, 183, 187, 279, 346, 353, 410, 452,
_et seq._, 471;
_anholodontes_, 347;
_anodon_, 66, 343, 347, 414;
_apistoglyphes_, 347;
_aproterodontes_, 347;
asp, 268;
_atropos_, _atrox_, 374, 422;
_avusamans_, 230.
=BLACK= s., 6, 63, as ‘_racer_’, 180, 182, 199;
‘=Blackie=’, 458, _et seq._;
_blauser_, 152, _et seq._;
_blindworm_, 44 (_see_ _anguis_);
_boa_, 35, 47, 111, 134, 157, 183, 220, 228, 353, 435, 584,
_et seq._;
_boiginininga_, _boiguira_, 277;
_boicinininpeba_, _boycininga_, 430;
_boodon_, 347;
_boomslange_, 407;
_boschmeester_, 420;
_bothrops_, 383, 385, 416, 422, 426, _et seq._;
_brachyura_, 177, 374;
_broad-scaled_ s.,423;
_Bucephalus_, 407;
_bull_ s., 155, _et seq._;
‘_bull-killer_’, 229;
_bungarus_, 349, 357, 501;
_bushmaster_, 176, 387, 422, _et seq._
‘=CALICO=’ s., 410;
_callophis_, 537;
_camoudi_, 420, 429, 454;
_Cape adder_, 149;
_capra capella_, 190;
_carpet_ s., 10, 424;
_cascavel_, 272, 277, 423;
_cascobel_, 397;
_caudalis_, 374;
_caudisona_, 275, 388;
_cecilia_, 353;
_cenchris_, 175, 176, 224, 226, 562, 577;
_cerastes_, 168, 315, 320, 324, 351, 389;
_chicken_ s., 439;
_chilobothrus_, 63, 93, 186, 437, 440, _et seq._, 449, _et seq._;
‘=Cleo=’, =Cleopatra=, 15, 515, 525;
_clotho_, 148, 374, 422;
_clothonia_, 85;
_cobra_, 13, 33, 60, 87, 181, 190, 268, 327, 349, 354, 363, 390,
401, 423, 442, 502, 511, 517, 537, 543, 560, 578;
_cœnicoussi_, 420;
_coluber_, 27, 47, 48, 52, 63, 74, 85, 91, 139, 180, 208, 353,
414, 437, 442, 495, 500, 567;
_colubri_, 434, 449;
_colubrines_, 178, 316, 318;
_constrictor_, 14, 39, 111, 135, 141, 178, 183, 198, _et seq._,
202, 213, 232, 247, 258, 267, 327, 438, 584;
_cophias_, 422;
_copper-head_, 176, 289, 392, 571;
_coral_, 10;
_coronella_, 83, 424, 435;
_corral_, 423;
_counacouchi_, _counicouchi_, 417;
_couroucoucou_, 419, 429;
_courracouchi_, 421;
_craspedocephalus_, 388, 396, _a seq._, 421, 423, 427;
_crebo_, _cribo_, 177;
_crotalidæ_, 176, 270, 302, 318, 355, 357, 359, 362, 368, 381,
_et seq._, 397, 494, 503;
_crotalus_, 162, 269, _et seq._, 353, 375, 387, 421, 426, 495,
501, 519, 534, 541, 544, 553, 573, 574;
_crotalophorus_, 292, 388, 393;
_cucurijuba_, _curucucu_, 429;
_cucuriù_, _cucuriubù_, 454;
_curucucu_, 428;
_cylindrophis_,188;
_cynodon_, 347.
=DABOIA=, 349, 365, 407, 436;
_dasypeltis_, 414;
_deaf adder_, 424;
_death adder_, 172, 180;
_deer-swallower_, 229;
_deirodon_, 67, 72, 412, 415;
_dendrophidæ_, 218, 408;
_diamond_ s., 384, 423;
_domina serpentum_, 277;
_dryadidæ_, 218;
_dryophidians_, 325;
_dumb rattlesnake_, 392;
_durissus_, 366.
=ECACOATL=, 279;
_echis_, 150, 320, 351, 366, 389, 424, 440, 537, 554, 580;
_elaphis_, 20, 185, 202, _et seq._, 336;
_elapidæ_, 39, 186, 338, 353, 355, 362, 422, 430, 535, 548, 567;
_el trago venado_, 454;
_enhydrina_, 237;
_epicratis_, 147, 203, 440;
_eryx_, 220;
_eunectes_, 456 (see _anaconda_);
_eutania_, 495.
=FER-DE-LANCE=, 319, 388, 423;
_flammon_, 419;
_four-rayed_ s. (see _elaphis_);
_furia_, 422.
=GARTER= s., 162, 440;
_geoptyas_, 38;
_glyphodon_, 347;
_gokurrah_, 425;
_guiarranpiaquana_, 430;
great sea-ser., 221, 247, _et seq._;
_green mamba_, 154.
=HALYS=, 386;
_hamadryad_, 181, 333, 352, 387, 390, 442, 503, 567;
_herpetum_, 326;
_heterodon_, 152, 347, 350, 395, 401, 403, _et seq._, 407, 409,
422;
_hexacornis_, 325;
_hoacoatl_, 277;
_holodontes_, 347;
_homalopsidæ_, 224, 228, 234;
_hoop_ s., 184;
_hopplocephalus_, 184, 423, _et seq._;
_horn_ s., _horned_ v., 224;
_horse-shoe_ s., 137;
_hydrinus_, 225, 243;
_hydrophidæ_, 169, 222, 232, 318, 348, 350, 355.
=IARARACA=, _iararacuassa_, 396, 429, 535;
_ibibo_, _ibiboco_, _ibiboboca_, 429, 430;
_ibiracua_, 396, 538;
_iffulu_, 230;
_isodon_, 347;
_isodontiens_, 347.
=JACULUS=, 196;
_jacumama_, 454;
_Jamaica_ boa, 92, 119 (see _chilobothrus_);
_jararaca_, 10, 119, 359, 369, 402, 417, 421, 426, _et seq._;
_jarraracca_, _jararacussu_, 396, _et seq._, 400, 406, 423, 429;
_jararacucu_, 369;
_jararacpeba_, 430, _et seq._;
_jeboia_, 423.
=KALA-SAMP=, 425;
_kamoudi_, 429;
_keautiah_, 425;
king-snake, 177;
_krait_, 349;
_kunikusi_, 421.
=LACERTINES=, 14, 138, 570;
_lachesis_, 176, 357, 359, 365, 374, 387, 401, 416, 417,
_et seq._, 421, _et seq._, 426, _et seq._, 556;
_langaha_, 325;
_liophis_, 332, 407, 410;
‘Lizzie’, 89, 470, _et seq._;
_lophophrys_, 325;
_lycodon_, 347, 350.
=MAMBA=, 154;
_mangeur de rats_, 228;
_matatoro_, 229, 454;
_massasauga_, 393;
_megæra_, 422;
_mocassin_, 7, 10, 227, 410, 424, 439, 571 (see _Tropidontus_);
_morelia_, 384.
=NAG SAMP=, 425;
_naja_, 154, 328, 425 (see _cobra_), 580;
_nasicornis_, 224, 317, _et seq._;
_natrix_, 52, 138 (_see_ ring-s., _Tropidontus_).
=OGMODON=, 347;
_oligodon_, 66, 343, 347, 414;
_ophiophagus_, 62, 181, 333, 390, 422, 425, 442, 565 (_see_ Elaps,
Hamadryad).
=PASSERITA=, 325;
_pelagic_ ss., 233, 235, _et seq._;
_pelamis_, 238, _et seq._;
_pelias_, 495, 505;
_pilot_-s., 155, 182, 213;
_pine_-s., 93, 155;
_pit_-vs., 176 (see _crotalidæ_);
_pituophis_, 151, 156, 217;
_platurus_, 243;
_prickly_-s., 175;
_proteroglyphes_, 347;
_psamophis_, 152;
_pseudechis_, 548, 560;
_ptyas_, 85, 213, 332, 348, 349 (_see_ rats.);
_puffadder_, 13, 177, 358, 562;
_python_, 78, _et seq._, 178, 202, 443, 446, 449, 514, _et seq._,
516, 583, _et seq._
=RACER=, 6, 63, _et seq._, 86, 155, 169, 177, 180, 182, 199;
_rachiodon_, 347, 414;
_raetel-schlange_, 277;
rat-s., 38, 177, 214 (see _Ptyas_);
_rat-tail_ s., 177;
_rativoro_, 228;
rattle-s., 116, 138, 165, 177, 193, 199, 210, 268, _et seq._,
272, 274, 289, 307, 353, 360, 370, _et seq._, 390, 394, 487,
496, 501, 509, 521, 541, 549, 563, _et seq._ (see _crotalus_);
red adder, 392;
ring-s., 27, _et seq._, 52, 74, 76, 83, 95, 167, 442, 566,
_et seq._;
_river_-s., 223;
_river Jack_, 137, 150, 223;
_rudis_, _la rude_, 414;
_Russell’s_ v., 436 (see _Daboia_).
=SCHLANGE=, 49;
sea-ser., 248, _et seq._;
_serpente_, 49;
_sea-snakes_, 222, 231, 318 (see _Pelagic_);
_sepedon_, 347
_serpentes à sonnettes_, 279;
_seven-banded_ s., 437, 439;
_shiraraca_, 396, _et seq._, 429;
_simotes_, 407;
_slow_-worm, 167, 327, 330, 424, 458, _et seq._ (_see_ ‘Lizzie’);
_solenoglyphes_, 347, 383;
_sorococo_, 419;
_spilotes_, 155, 177;
_sucariuba_, 454;
_surucurù_, 421;
_surukuku_, 419;
_surucujù_, 454.
=TANGADOR=, 277;
_teuchlacotzauhqui_, 279;
_teutlacocauehqui_, 277;
_thanatophides_, 383;
_thorn-tail_, 172, 173, 175, _et seq._, 224;
_toboba_, 423;
_tomodon_, 347, 350, 407;
_tortrix_, 220;
‘=Totsey=’, 201, 216, 439, 516;
_trigonocephalus_, 172, 175, 176, 177, 226, 227, 319, 373, 388,
392, 397, 421, 422, 427;
_trimuresuri_, 177, 181, 386;
_tropidontus_, 37, 52, 89, 95, 127, 217, 223, 226, 227, 437, 439,
440, 450, 495, _et seq._, 571, _et seq._;
_two-headed_ s., 187, 190;
_typhlops_, 187, 189.
=URICANA=, 421;
_urocrotalon_, 292, 388;
_uropeltis_, 188;
_uropsophus_, 388.
=VAIA=, 423;
_viperidæ_, 348, 353, 355, 368;
v. _atropos_, 149;
v. _aquatica_, 174;
v. _arietans_, 148;
v. _caudisona_, 135, 275, 292, 370, _et seq._;
v. _elegans_, 339, 436;
_vipera_, 223, 433;
_vipers_, 13, 137, 168, 224, 274, 318, 324, 363, _et seq._, 371,
_et seq._, 424, 432;
v. _berus_, 441, 495;
v. _caudalis_, 177;
v. _cornuta_, 322;
v. _nasicornis_, 224, 317, 320, 324, 360, 387, 436, 441;
v. _rhinosceros_, 137, 150, 223;
_vivera de la cruz_, 423.
=WATER MOCASIN=, 224, 227;
_water rattle-s._, 174;
_water-ss._, 225;
_water-v._, 172, 224;
_whip-s._, 10, 219.
=XENODON=, 155, 347, 359, 395, 401, _et seq._, 407, 413, 421,
_et seq._
=YELLOW BOA=, 63 (see _Chilobothrus_).
=ZAMENIS=, 137.
=Sound=, ss. affected by, 525, _et seq._
=Specimens=, badly-prepared, 45, 117.
=Spencer=, Edmund, ‘Fairie Queen’, 486.
=Spine=, pliancy of, 212;
joints of, 213;
peculiar processes, 68;
illus., 68 (_see_ adaptation, anatomy, vertebræ, etc.).
‘=Spittle= from the Bag’ (1670), 556;
tasted and tested, _ib._
=Spix= and Martin; ‘Travels in Brazil’, 397;
the _jararacas_, _ib._ 427.
=Sprengle=, Mr. C. J., letter to the R. Soc. (1722), 280;
experiments with vipers, _ib._
‘=Springing= teeth’, 282, 370.
=Squires=, 514.
‘=Sting=:’ of a snake, 9, 95, _et seq._, 105;
of the tail, 170, _et seq._;
the word defined, 49.
=Stradling=, Arthur, Esq., M.D., C.M.Z.S. etc., cannibalism, 39;
tongues of ss., 127;
effect of warmth, 164;
the ‘Cribo’, 178;
sensitiveness of tail, 183;
‘Totsey’, 216, 439, 516;
illus. of, 201;
movements of ss., 217;
carried down by floods, 232;
sea-ss. in the Atlantic, 238;
can they climb? 239;
valuable specimens, 339, 359;
_crotalus_ bite, 366;
a gift to the Z. Gardens, 398;
C.M.Z.S., 399;
investigations, 400;
pseudo-fangs, 405, _et seq._;
vernaculars, 422, _et seq._;
confusion in names, 427;
ring s. incubating, 442;
an ‘affectionate’ snake, 516;
an eligible offer, 521;
ss. insensible to music, 526;
‘fascination’, 530;
antidotes, 534;
venoms differ chemically, _ib._;
fangs protective, 536;
disintegrating power of venom, 557.
=Stridulating= apparatus, 309.
=Styng=, 49.
=Sucking=; of eggs doubted, 73;
of cows and women impossible, 84, _et seq._;
by suction, 90;
the process watched, 92.
‘=Suites= de Buffon’, 80 (_see_ Duméril).
=Sullivan=, ‘Rambles in Essequibo’, 419.
‘=Sun= and Serpent Worship’ (J. S. Phené), 514.
=Swallowing= (_see_ deglutition): vipers, their young? 483, _et seq._
=Swim=-bladder, the, 145.
=Swimming=, action of, 145, 175, 213, 217 (_see_ water-ss., sea-ss.,
etc.).
Synonyms, 48;
a plague to students, 396, _et seq._, 417, _et seq._;
a stumbling-block to writers, 395, _et seq._, 418, _et seq._;
the derivations useful, 416, 422, 427.
T
=Tail=; horny tip, 155, 172, _et seq._;
‘stinging’, 170, _et seq._;
‘mischievous’, 171, 173;
feelings expressed by, 155, 176, 179, 180, 587;
prehensile, 180, 202, 224, 233, 245, 472;
length varies, 177, 178;
sensitiveness, 183;
of burrowing ss., 188, _et seq._, 472, _et seq._;
a propeller, 213, 223, 233, 472;
power of, 183, 587;
a fulcrum, 187, 473;
of _Lachesis_, 387;
of _Xenodon_, 155;
of tree-ss., 218, 386;
of water-ss., 223;
of sea-ss., 233;
of rattlesnakes (_see_ rattle);
sloughs, 336;
how discarded, 337;
illus., 176, 188, 296, _et seq._
=Tasmania=;
broad-scaled ss., 423.
=Taste=; dull, 34, 59;
assisted by the tongue, 72, 86, 528;
Huxley on, 121.
=Taxidermy=, formerly bad, 45, 117.
‘=Tayle=’, the, 271, 280.
=Taylor=, Colonel Meadows, Indian castes, 513.
=Teeth=; as holders, 29;
six rows, 32, 343;
claw-shaped, 34, 344;
for grasping, 34;
replacement of, 344;
gradations in, 342;
specialties, 347;
illus., 349, 355;
exceeding fineness of, 137, 348, 360;
sometimes absent, 66, _et seq._ (_see_ dentition, fangs).
=Telegraph= cable, the, sea-s. caught in, 239.
=Templer=, Mr., catching a ‘Larke’, 50.
=Tennant=, Sir Emerson; sea-ss. near Ceylon, 245;
affection of cobras, 502.
=Texas=; cannibal ss. observed, 571.
‘=Thanatophidia=, the’ (_see_ Fayrer).
=Todd=, ‘Cyclopædia of Anatomy’, 118, 434.
=Tombes=, Charles, Esq., M.A., ‘On the Succession of Poison Fangs’,
363, 365, 373.
=Tongue=; sensitiveness, 72;
use in drinking, 80;
‘a sting’, 95, 106, _et seq._;
not a brush, 108;
a feeler, 109, 112, 121;
position of, 125;
activity, 126;
colour, 127, _et seq._;
Shakspeare on, 97, _et seq._;
of journalists, 103;
of sea-ss., 125, 234.
=Topsell=; his ‘Serpentes’, 43, 477;
his Natural History’, 101.
=Torpor=, period of, 162;
variable, 163 (_see_ hibernation, respiration).
=Torquata=, the collar, 52.
=Tortoise=; an ‘insect’, 43;
vulgarly ‘turtle’, _ib._
=Tortugas=, sea-ss. off, 231.
=Trachea=, 133 (_see_ windpipe, glottis).
=Traill=, Dr. Thos. Stewart, translator of Schlegel’s work, 3.
=Transactions=; of the Royal Society (_see_ Phil. Trans.);
of the Z. Soc., 82, 235, 440, 516, 592.
‘=Travels= in the Amazon’, 158, 396, 421.
‘=Travels= in Brazil’ (Spix and Martin), 397.
‘=Travels= in Peru’ (Tschudi), 419.
‘=Travels= Round the World’ (Kingston), 418.
=Tree= ss., 53, 54, 67, 181, 218, 386, 430.
‘=Tropical= World’ (Hartwig), 418.
=Tropidos=, the keel, 223.
=Tschudi=, the _Flammon_ of Peru, 419.
=Tyrrell=, keeper at the Reptilium, a witness, 185;
an assistant, 402 (_see_ Zoo. Gardens).
=Tyson=, Dr. Edward; dissection of _Vipera caudisona_, 275;
on the larynx, 135;
on the ‘pit’, 277;
volitionary action of fangs, 370 (_see_ Phil. Trans. 1683).
U
=United= States of America;
Association for the Advancement of Science, 485;
Science Convention on Snakes, 485, _et seq._;
Exploring Expeditions, 162, 291, 293, 309, 376;
official Reports to Congress, 162, 291;
Dr. Elliott Coues, 199, 309, 376, 394;
herpetologists of, quoted, De Kay, 85;
Emmons, _ib._;
Holbrooke, 86, _et seq._;
Dr. Weir Mitchel, 535, _et seq._;
F. W. Putnam, and the members of the Con., 485;
ophiological experiments (_see_ Coues, Mitchel, Putnam, etc.).
V
=Valenciennes=; on the py., 78, _et seq._, 444, _et seq._
=Vallée= gave drink to the py., 79.
=Valley= of Wyoming infested with ss., 289.
=Veleno=, _il della vipera_ (Fontana, 1767), 368.
=Venner=, Elsie, 301.
=Venom=; varies in ss., 534;
intensity of, 360, 537, 533;
remedies for, 552, _et seq._;
modes of treatment, 545, _et seq._ (_see_ Fayrer, Mitchell, etc.
etc.).
=Vernaculars=, 277, 279, 397, 419, 429;
Stradling on, 423.
=Vertebræ=; of _Deirodon_, 67;
number of joints, 209, 210;
articulation, 212;
capabilities of, 196, 202, _et seq._, 212, 587;
distinctions in, 211 (_see_ spine, constriction).
=Vestiges= of limbs, 54;
in anaconda, 220, 453;
in form of ‘claws’, 219, _et seq._;
Darwin on, 326;
Huxley on, 327.
=Vibratile=; action of fangs, 278, 375, 403, 409;
of tail, 155, 180, _et seq._, 587.
=Vibration= through solids affects ss., 526.
=Virginia=, 5;
‘Generall Historie of’, 272;
‘Account of’, 274;
‘History of’ (Beverley), 281, (Howe), 289;
old writers on, 369;
adventures in, 6, 64.
=Viviparous=, 431;
not peculiar to vs., 433 (_see_ incubation, gestation).
=Voice=, 146, _et seq._ (_see_ breathing, etc.).
‘=Voyage= of the _Alceste_’, Captain M’Leod, 111.
W
=Wagler=; _eunectes_, 228;
a herpetologist, 383;
not trustworthy, 427.
=Wales=, H. R. H. the Prince of, 22, 87.
=Wales=;
numbers of ss. in, 167;
a ‘venomous’ worm in, 480.
=Wallaby= hunters, 167.
=Wallace=, A. R., F.R.S., etc.; a half-strangled boa, 157;
the _crotalidæ_, 382, 386;
sound of rattle, 309;
the _Jararaca_, 396;
the _Surucurù_, 421.
‘=Wanderings=’ (_see_ Waterton).
=Washington=, D. C., Smithsonian Contributions, 374.
=Water= ss., 174, 221, _et seq._
=Waterton=, Charles, Esq.; the _Counacouchi_, 417;
high colouring, _ib._;
a stumbling-block, 419.
=Webster=, Noah;
a doubtful snake, 396.
‘=Western= World’, the (Kingston), 418.
=Whisky=; a popular remedy, 548;
enormous doses, 549;
approved by Halford, 550;
Mitchell, _ib._;
Shortt, _ib._;
generally efficacious, 549, _et seq._
=White=, Gilbert; believed the maternal affection of vipers, 490.
=Whydah=, py. deities at, 514.
‘=Wild= Life’ (Du Chaillu), 186.
=Wilson=, Dr. Andrew; reptiles not highly organized, 18;
unscientific observers, 50;
imaginary sea-ser., 250;
abnormal developments, 265.
=Wind=-pipe, the, 130;
with a volitionary action, 131;
Owen on, _ib._;
formation of, 133;
length, 134;
Tyson on, 135;
Duméril, _ib._;
observations, 137, _et seq._;
muscles of, 141 (_see_ glottis).
=Wood= (‘Natural History’); the slow-worm, 453.
=Woodward=, the Messrs., ‘South Africa’, 70, _et seq._
=Worcester=; a doubtful s., 397.
=Worms=, gigantic, 45;
the Laidley, 117;
occasionally ‘venomous’, 480.
=Wright=; a doubtful snake, 397.
‘=Wrongly=-named’, 470 (_see_ ‘Lizzie’).
=Wucherer=, Dr., on _Xenodon_, 155, 401, 409;
tree ss. 219;
C.M.Z.S., 401;
the _Surucucus_, 421.
=Wyman=, Professor, U.S., gastric juice of ss., 489.
Y
=Yarmouth=, sea-sers. at, 252.
=Yates=, F. H., Esq., ‘History of Egypt’, how ss. insert venom, 96.
=Yawning=; after meals, 30, 36;
quite a business, 37;
position of jaws when, 37, 136;
opportunities for inspection, 136, 139.
Z
=Zambesi=, Expedition to the (Livingstone), 230.
_Zeuglodontia_, the, imaginary sea-ser., 249.
=Zimmermann=, Professor (1800) incipient rattles, 299.
=Zoological= Gardens, 10;
Royal ophiophilists, 20;
a boon, 23;
blanket swallowed, 35;
cannibals, 39;
the ‘moccasins’, 10, 227, 572;
lectures at, 24;
eggs for food, 62;
the tanks, 92, 145;
snakes drinking, 92;
actions of snakes in water, 145, 218;
gossip, 94, 105, 585;
old coats, 193;
a means of instruction, 105, 110, 441;
What can it be? 129;
the air tube, 138;
hibernation, 163;
observations, 127, 333, 528, 561, _et seq._;
baby vipers, 321, 432, 499;
acrobatic performances, 200, _et seq._, 214;
seizing the opportunity, 203;
length of anaconda, 230;
Mr. Bartlett of, 255, 322;
interrupted studies, 138;
snakes born there, 321, 436, _et seq._, 499, 500;
important additions, 398, 402, 455, 520;
a newly-hatched brood, 500;
a sudden thought, _ib._;
‘Totsey’, 201, 216, 439, 516;
slow-worms climbing, 482;
fascination, 528, 578;
tame ss., 515;
casting the cuticle, 333, _et seq._;
_Heterodons_, 411;
the _Xenodons_, 402, _et seq._;
notes from the Z.G., 562, _et seq._;
the _Ophiophagus_, 565, _et seq._;
a Government agent, 570;
relative poisons, 575, _et seq._;
‘coiling’, 573;
dinner time, 582;
the blankets, 588;
the keepers’ risks, 564, 588;
the Heloderm, 589, _et seq._;
‘horrid’, 591;
the new Reptilium, 592.
‘=Zoological= Journal’ (1826), edited by Bell; Broderip on
lubrication, 113, 134;
his observations confirmed by Bell, 140.
‘=Zoological= Miscellany’, the (J. E. Gray, ed.), _Crotalidæ_, 385.
=Zoological= myths, 50, 266.
‘=Zoological= Notes’ (Arthur Nicols, Esq.), 125, 310, 504.
=Zoological= Proceedings, 140, 155, 401, 421, 456, 497, 516.
=Zoological= Society, 24;
Cantor, 82, 235;
A. R. Wallace, 309;
Dr. Edwardes Crispe, 490.
=Zoological= Society;
Council of, Professor Bell, 78, 493;
a fortuitous arrival, 322;
Sec. of, 440.
=Zoological= Society, C.M. of, 399, 401.
=Zoological= Transactions, 82, 235, 440, 516.
_Zoologist_, the, 3, 70, 73, 442, 490, 492.
=Zoology=;
a progressive science, 3;
assisted by observations (_see_ Convention, Florence, Phil. Trans.,
Z. G., etc.).
‘=Zoology=’, Carpenter’s, 44.
‘=Zoology= of New York’ (De Kay), 85.
‘=Zoology= of South Africa’, Andrew Smith, M.D., F.Z.S., 66, 68, 177,
230, 407.
=Zurich=, Gesner, Professor at, 102.
THE END.
MORRISON AND GIBB, EDINBURGH,
PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] _Aunt Jenny’s American Pets._ By Catherine C. Hopley. London, 1872.
[2] ‘Snakes and their Food,’ _Modern Thought_, Jan. 1881, in reply to a
paper in _Time_ of the previous September.
[3] _Odontography._ By Richard Owen. London.
[4] _Essai sur la Physionomie des Serpents._ Par Herman Schlegel.
Paris, 1837.
[5] _Règne Animal_, p. 108. Paris.
[6] January 1882.
[7] I have ventured to coin this word for the cages and buildings
likely to be required in parks and gardens for pet snakes, so notably
growing in popularity.
[8] _Thanatophidia of India_, 1st ed. 1872.
[9] _Ib._ 2d ed. p. 6. 1874.
[10] _Zoology of South Africa_, by Dr. A. Smith. 1849.
[11] _Odontography_, by Richard Owen, 1840, and _Anatomy of the
Vertebrates_, 1866.
[12] _Natural History Notes from South Africa_, by R. B. and J. D. S.
Woodward. Lond. 1874.
[13] See _Aunt Judy’s Magazine_, Aug. 1874, London,—‘The Deirodon, or
neck-toothed snake.’
[14] _British Reptiles_, by Thomas Bell, F.L.S., etc. 1849.
[15] _Physiognomie des serpents_, p. 97. Par H. Schlegel. Amsterdam,
1837.
[16] _Annales des sciences naturelles_, 2d Series, tome xvi. Paris,
1841.
[17] _Erpétologie genéral_, par MM. Dumeril et Bibron, tome i. p. 136.
Paris, 1844.
[18] _Schlangen und Schlangen fiend_, par II. O. Lenz. Gotha, 1832.
[19] _Sea Snakes: Pelagic Serpents_, by Dr. Theo. E. Cantor. London,
1842. Zoological Society’s _Transactions_, 1841.
[20] See _Field_ newspaper, September and October 1862. London.
[21] _Zoology of New York_, by J. E. De Kay. Albany, 1844.
[22] _Natural History of New York._ 5 vols. New York, 1842.
[23] _North American Herpetology._ Phil., U. S., 1842.
[24] _History of Carolina_, by Jno. Lawson, 1709.
[25] Balfour’s _British India_; also the _Cyclopedia of India_.
[26] See _Medical Times_, 1872, p. 730.
[27] _Reptiles of British India_, by Dr. A. Günther, F.R.S. London,
1864.
[28] _Indian Snakes_, by E. Nicholson, Madras Army. Madras, 1870.
[29] _Natural History of Reptiles_, by P. H. Gosse. 1850.
[30] _Encyclopedia Britannica_, 1859, see art. ‘Reptilia,’ p. 47.
[31] _Ibid._ p. 47.
[32] Author of _Zoological Researches_, and _Leaves from the Notebook
of a Naturalist_.
[33] In the ‘Laidley Worm,’ exhibited at the Grosvenor Gallery in 1881,
the artist must have copied one of these.
[34] _Elementary Lessons in Physiology._ London, 1875.
[35] Tome i. p. 126 of _Erpétologie générale_.
[36] _Ibid._ p. 135.
[37] Tome vi. p. 100 of _Erpétologie générale_.
[38] _Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xiii. p. 25. 1684.
[39] _Erpétologie générale_, tome vi. p. 177 _et seq._
[40] _Erpétologie générale_, tome i. p. 180.
[41] _American Naturalist_, vol. ix.
[42] _Missionary Travels in South Africa_, by David Livingstone.
[43] _Snakes of Australia_, by Gerard Krefft.
[44] _Life in the South_, vol. i. p. 260. By Catherine C. Hopley. Lond.
1862.
[45] Dumeril et Bibron’s _Erpétologie générale_, tome vi. p. 186.
[46] _Travels in the Amazons_, p. 47. By A. R. Wallace. London, 1853.
[47] _Erpétologie générale_, tome vi. p. 184.
[48] _Ibid._ tome i. p. 180.
[49] Dumeril et Bibron, tome vi. p. 184.
[50] _Pseudoxia; or, Vulgar Errours_, Book iii. p. 207. By Sir Thomas
Browne.
[51] _Snakes of Australia_, by Gerard Krefft.
[52] _The Natural History of Carolina_, by Mark Catesby. London, 1731.
[53] The vipers in the London Gardens labelled _Cenchris piscivorus_
have _not_ the thorny tail, nor are they fish eaters. Nor can the
spectator form any idea of their swimming capacities, their dark,
narrow tank barely enabling them to extend themselves full length.
Herpetologists differ in assigning the above name, and in deciding
which is really the ‘Thorn-tail’ or ‘Horn snake’ of Lawson and Catesby.
Those at the Zoological Gardens, notwithstanding their specific name,
are never regaled on fish.
[54] _Reptiles of British India._
[55] Dr. A. Stradling affirms that these two snakes do not invariably
molest each other. He had the Rat-tail (_Fer de lance_) and two
_Cribos_ with others in one cage, living on peaceful terms.
[56] _Erpélogie générale_, tome i. p. 47.
[57] _Essai sur la physiognomie des serpents_, par Herman Schlegel.
Amsterdam, 1837.
[58] _Curiosities of Natural History_, by F. Buckland.
[59] _Anatomy of the Vertebrates_, p. 260.
[60] Since the above was in type, I have on several occasions observed
vertical coils in constricting snakes. Twice a python constricted an
animal in _distinct vertical coils_. I drew the attention of Keeper
Tyrrell to this, and we were both convinced that no lateral coils
whatever were used. On another occasion, while Mr. Elwes was studying
the action of _Elaphis quater-radiatus_ for the illustration, p. 205,
its coils were entirely vertical, _not_ lateral.
[61] _A Naturalist in Jamaica_, by P. H. Gosse.
[62] _Pseudoxia_, Book iii. chap. xx. p. 155.
[63] Since this was in type, I find that not even a porcupine is safe
from a hungry snake. In vol. xliii. of the _Philosophical Transactions_
(1744), p. 271, is a letter from a gentleman in India, who states that
on an island near Bombay a dead snake was found with the quills of a
porcupine ‘sticking out of its Belly.’ The snake had ‘sucked it in Head
foremost, while the Quills were flatted down. Afterwards they rose and
ran through the Snake’s Belly, and so killed it.’ The pressure of the
jaws had ‘flatted’ the quills, but not killed the animal, which, when
in its expansile tomb, had, though vainly, erected its natural armour.
[64] Owen’s _Anatomy of the Vertebrates_, p. 261.
[65] _Genius of Christianity._
[66] _Anatomy of the Vertebrates_, vol. iii. p. 260 _et seq._
[67] _Organization of the Animal Kingdom._
[68] _Essay on the Physiology of Serpents._ Translated from the
original by Thomas Stewart Trail, M.D., F.R.S.E., etc. Edin. 1843.
[69] ‘On the Movements of Snakes in Flight,’ by Dr. Arthur Stradling,
C.M.Z.S., _Nature_, Feb. 1882.
[70] Letter to Sir Emerson Tennant.
[71] Dumeril et Bibron, _Erpétologie générale_, tome i. p. 179.
[72] Since this has been in type, there has been brought to the Gardens
an Indian ‘River snake’ (_Tropidonotus quincunciatus_), affording me
an opportunity to observe that there is a notable modification of the
glottis, as also of the nostrils. Not a true water snake, but one of
the intermediate families, so do we find the nostrils somewhat higher
than those of land snakes, while yet not quite on the top of the snout
as in sea snakes; the glottis has a corresponding upward direction
to meet them, and is a more elongated, longitudinal slit than those
furnished with the _petite languette_.—June 1882.
[73] _Prairie Farms and Prairie Folk_, vol. ii. pp. 83, 84.
[74] See _Field_ newspaper, June 25, 1881.
[75] _Thanatophidia of India_, 1st ed.
[76] _Origin of Species_, 6th ed. 1872, p. 83.
[77] See _Philosophical Transactions_, London, 1672.
[78] _New Experiments upon Vipers, with Exquisite Remedies that may
be drawn from them: as well as Cure for their Bitings, as for that of
other Maladies._ By M. Charas, now rendered English, 1673.
[79] _Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xxxviii. p. 321. 1733.
[80] _History of Virginia_, 1722.
[81] _Last Rambles among the Indians_, by Geo. Catlin. London, 1865.
[82] See _Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xxxii. A paper on the
Crotalus, by Paul Dudley, Esq.
[83] _North American Herpetology_, vol. iii. p. 15. By J. E. Holbrooke.
1842.
[84] ‘The History of a Rattle,’ by Catherine C. Hopley, _Aunt Judy’s
Magazine_, July 1877.
[85] _Erpétologie générale_, tome vii. part. ii, p. 1457, par MM.
Dumeril et Bibron. Paris.
[86] _Organization of the Animal Kingdom_, p. 732. By T. Rymer Jones.
[87] From the Bulletin of the U. S. Geological Survey by Dr. Elliot
Coues, Appointed Surgeon and Naturalist to the Expedition, 1878.
[88] _The Country_ newspaper, August 1878 _et seq._
[89] _Erpétologie générale_, tome vii. p. 1456.
[90] _Reptiles of British India_, by Dr. Albert Günther, F.R.S.
[91] _Reptiles of British India_, by Dr. Albert Günther, F.R.S.
[92] _Indian Snakes_, by Ed. Nicholson, M.D. Madras, 1870.
[93] Introduction to the _Catalogue of the Snakes in the British
Museum_, 1858.
[94] _Physiognomie des serpents_, par H. Schlegel. Amsterdam, 1837.
[95] _The Albert Nyanza, or Great Basin of the Nile_, by Sir Sam.
Baker. London, 1866.
[96] _Essai sur la physiognomie des serpents_, par Herman Schlegel.
Amsterdam, 1837.
[97] _Smithsonian Contributions._ Washington, 1860.
[98] _Thanatophidia of India_, 2d ed. p. 72.
[99] _Ricerche fisiche sopra il vel no della vipera._ Lucca, 1767.
[100] _The Relations of the World, and the Religions observed in all
Ages and in all Places discouered since the Creation_, Book I. 1st ed.
p. 842. London, 1614.
[101] _Ib._ 4th ed. p. 1393. 1625.
[102] Paper on the ‘Vipera Caudisona,’ by Ed. Tyson, M.D.,
_Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xiii. p. 25. 1683.
[103] _Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xxxiv. p. 309. 1726.
[104] _Philosophical Transactions_, vol. xxxviii. 1733-34.
[105] _Osservazione intorno alle Vipere_, by Francesco Redi. Florence,
1664.
[106] Ed. of 1876.
[107] _Erpétologie générale_, tome 7, p. 1451.
[108] _Erpétologie générale_, tome 7, p. 1367.
[109] _Ibid._ p. 1503.
[110] _Travels in Brazil._ London, 1824.
[111] _Historiæ Rervm Natvralivm Braziliæ._ Antwerp.
[112] Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society.
[113] _Zoology of South Africa._
[114] _Odontography_, vol. i. p. 225.
[115] _Science News_, Feb. 15, 1879.
[116] _Davis Lecture_, July 28th, 1881. Since the above was written,
Professor Flower on ‘Armadillos,’ at the opening lecture of the
‘Davis Series,’ June 8th, 1882, further corroborated the difficulties
presented in these mixed characters, which have caused zoologists to
place the armadillo among the _Edentata_, ant-eaters, sloths, etc.,
notwithstanding it is permanently supplied with teeth.
[117] _Wanderings in South America_, by Charles Waterton. London, 1825.
[118] _The Tropical World._ London, 1873.
[119] _The Western World._ London, 1874.
[120] _Travels in Peru._ London, 1847.
[121] _Rambles and Scrambles in Essequibo._ London, 1852.
[122] _History of British Guiana_, vol. ii. p. 370. By G. Dalton, M.D.
Lond. 1855.
[123] _The Naturalist on the Amazons_, by H. W. Bates. Lond. 1873.
[124] _Proceedings of the Zoological Society_, Jan. and Nov. 1861.
[125] _Travels in the Amazon._ Lond. 1855.
[126] _Thanatophidia_, p. 8.
[127] _Land and Water_, October 16, 1880.
[128] By J. B. von Spix, _Publié par Jean Wagler_. Monarchu, 1826.
[129] Article ‘Reptilia’ in Todd’s _Encyclopædia of Anatomy_, vol. iv.
pt. i. p. 264.
[130] Since this was written, Dr. Stradling informed me that a very
tame ring snake in his Reptilium laid some eggs and coiled herself upon
them zealously for some days. A remarkable proof of her care for them
was seen in her trying to bite when disturbed. He had never before
known _Coluber natrix_ to display this anger. In the _Zoologist_ of
September 1882, the Doctor contributed a long and important account of
this incubation with its attendant features.
[131] ‘Wrongly named; or, Poor Little Lizzie,’ by Catherine C. Hopley.
June 1880.
[132] _Memoirs of Captivity among the Indians._ London, 1823.
[133] _Tree and Serpent Worship_, 2d ed., by J. Ferguson. London, 1873.
[134] _Old Deccan Days._ London, 1870.
[135] See _Land and Water_, June 10th, 1876.
[136] _Times_, 1st July 1875, paper by C. C. H. _Ibid._ 7th July.
[137] Some interesting correspondence on this subject appeared in the
_Field_ during August and September 1881.
[138] _Anecdotes of Serpents_, by the late J. K. Lord. Messrs.
Chambers’s _Miscellany of Tracts_, Edinburgh, 1870.
[139] _Land and Water_, April 3d, 1880.
[140] _Zoology of South Africa._
[141] Papers on the Ophidians in the _Dublin University Magazine_,
January 1876 et seq.
[142] _Thanatophidia of India._
[143] _Land and Water_, September 11, 1880.
[144] _Nature_, July 6, 1882: ‘Hydrophobia and Snake-Bite,’ by Dr. A.
Stradling.
[145] _Medical Times_, 1873, vol. ii. p. 90.
[146] _Smithsonian Contributions._ Washington, D.C., 1860.
* * * * * *
Transcriber’s note:
—Obvious errors were corrected.