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OREGON. Or'e-gon.
Name derived from Spanish word signifying "Wild Thyme," so called on
account of the abundance of the herb found by early explorers. Credit of
discovery generally given to Captain Gray, of Boston, 1792; Fur Company's
trading post at Astoria, 1811; organized as a Territory, 1848; admitted
1859.
Area, 96,030 square miles; average length, 360 miles; breadth, 260 miles;
coast line, 300 miles; Columbia river frontage, 300 miles. Number counties,
27. Temperature at Portland: winter, 38deg to 46deg summer, 62deg to 68deg:
rainfall at Dalles, 22 inches, and at Fort Hoskins, 67 inches.
Portland, Astoria and Coos Bay are ports of entry; Oregon City, Roseburgh
and La Grande are land offices. Portland, the metropolis; population,
33,400. Salem is capital.
Number farms, 16,217; about 25,000,000 acres arable land, and same of
grazing land; forest, 10,000,000 acres. Average value per acre, cleared
land, $21.71; woodland, $4.50.
Wheat the staple; noted for superiority of its flour and for weight, often
reaching 65 pounds per bu. Wheat crop, 1884, 15,462,000 bu.; oats,
5,470,000 bu.
Salaries of State Officers.
Governor $1,500
Sec. of State, } 1,500
Aud. & Comp. }
Treasurer 800
Supt. of Pub. In. 1,500
State Librarian 500
Chief Justice 2,000
2 Asso. Justices 2,000
Senators, } $3 a day
Representatives } and 15c. per mile.
District Judge 3,500
District Attorney 200 & fees.
Col. Int. Rev. 2,500
Col. Customs, Astoria 3,000
Appraiser 3,000
Surveyor Gen. 2,500
Chief Clerk 1,800
Draftsman 1,500
5 Indian Agents 1,000 to 1,800
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Presidential P. O.
Albany $1,500
Ashland 1,000
Astoria 1,900
Baker City 1,400
Corvallis 1,300
East Portland 1,500
Eugene City 1,400
Jacksonville 1,200
Oregon City 1,200
Pendleton 1,600
Portland 3,200
Roseburgh 1,100
Salem 2,100
The Dalles 1,700
Cattle raising ranks 2d only to agriculture; wool is of fine quality.
Extremely rich in minerals; gold found in Jackson, Josephine, Baker and
Grant counties; copper, in Josephine, Douglas and Jackson counties; iron
ore, throughout the State; coal, along Coast Range.
Principal exports are wheat, flour, lumber and canned salmon. Over
10,000,000 feet lumber out annually, and over 600,000 cases salmon packed.
Population, 174,768: male, 103,381; female, 71,387; native, 144,265;
foreign, 30,503; white, 163,075; colored, 487; Chinese, 9,510; Indians,
1694
Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, and legislature every
two years; number of Senators, 30; Representatives, 60; sessions of
legislature biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in
January; limit of session, 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years; of
Representatives, 2 years.
Number of electoral votes, 3; voting population, 59,629. U.S. army, idiots,
insane, convicts, and Chinese excluded from voting.
Number of colleges, 7; school population, 65,216; school age, 4-20.
Legal interest rate, 8; by contract, 10; usury forfeits principal and
interest. {171}
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WASHINGTON. W[)o]sh-ing-ton.
First settlement of white Americans at Tumwater, 1845, though trading posts
had before been established by fur traders; organized 1853
Area, 69,180 square miles, nearly same as Missouri; greatest length, 340
miles; greatest breadth, 240 miles; Pacific coast line, about 180 miles.
Number counties, 33.
Temperature at Olympia: winter, 37deg to 44deg; summer, 59deg to 62deg.
Rainfall, Ft. Colville, 10 inches; at Ft. Vancouver, 39 inches, and at Neah
Bay, 123 inches.
Olympia is the capital, and Walla Walla and Seattle the largest towns.
Harbors of Puget Sound numerous and excellent. Railroad mileage, 716;
Northern Pacific from Wallula Junction to Idaho line, and from Kalama to
New Tacoma, which is connected by railway with Seattle.
About 25 per cent. of area well fitted for agriculture; cereals all thrive,
but generally too cold for corn; wheat crop, 1884, 4,118,000 bushels; oats,
2,623,000. Fruits of temperate zone, excepting peaches, attain perfection.
Considerable attention paid to hop culture, latest reports giving 703,277
pounds; also 1,003,530 bushels potatoes.
Salaries Territorial Officers.
Governor $2,600
Secretary 1,800
Treasurer 1,200
Auditor 1,200
Supt. Pub. Ins'n. 1,000
Librarian 400
Chief Justice 3,000
3 Assoc. Justices 3,000
Senators, } $4 a day
Representatives, } and 20c mileage
Surveyor Gen. 2,500
Chief Clerk 1,800
Chief Drftsm'n 1,700
Col. of Customs $1,000 & fees
Col. Int. Rev. 2,250
3 Dep. Colls. Int. Rev. 1,200 to 1,600
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Indian Agents.
Colville $1,500
Neah Bay 1,000
Nisqually 1,200
Quiniaielt 1,000
Skokomish 1,200
Tulalip 1,000
Yakama 2,000
Presidential P. O.
Cheney $1,100
Colfax 1,500
Dayton 1,500
Olympia 1,600
Port Townsend 1,200
Seattle 2,500
Spokane Falls 1,700
Sprague 1,200
Tacoma 1,600
Vancouver 1,200
Walla Walla 2,300
Grazing interest valuable and rapidly increasing; grazing region east of
Cascade Range, the bunch grass furnishing an inexhaustible food supply.
Coal mined at Bellingham Bay and Seattle; area coal-bearing strata, 20,000
square miles. Gold-bearing quartz and silver lodes exist in Cascade and
Coast ranges; copper, cinnabar, lead and other minerals are found.
Lumber resources almost inexhaustible; amount lumber cut annually,
250,000,000 to 300,000,000 feet, 150,000,000 being exported.
Population, 75,116: male, 45,973; female, 29,143; native, 59,313; foreign,
15,803; white, 67,199; colored, 325; Chinese, 3,186; Indians, 4,405.
Territorial and congressional elections, Tuesday after first Monday day in
November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; sessions of legislature
biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first Monday in October; terms of
Senators and Representatives, 2 years each; limit of session, 60 days.
Voting population, 27,670; native white, 15,858; foreign white, 8,393;
colored, 3,419.
Number colleges, 2; school population, 23,890; school age, 4-21.