Portion of great Louisiana purchase set apart for home of peaceable Indian
tribes; organized 1834.
Cut down to form States and Territories, leaving but 64,690 square miles,
or 41,401,600 acres; nearly 26,000,000 acres being Indian reservations.
Length east and west on the north, 470 miles; breadth west of 100th
meridian, 35 miles, and east of that line, about 210 miles. Reservations of
Cherokees, 5,000,000 acres in north and northeast; Seminoles, 200,000 in
east central; Creeks, 3,215,495 in east; Chickasaws, 4,377,600 in south;
the Oklahoma country near centre. Principal rivers, Arkansas and Red.
Number nations, agencies and reservations, 22.
Temperature at Fort Gibson: winter, 35deg to 48deg: summer, 77deg to 82deg.
Rainfall in extreme northwest, 20 inches, and at Fort Gibson, 36 inches.
Most important town, and capital of Cherokees, Tahlequah. Railroad mileage,
372. Capital of Chickasaws, Tishomingo; of Choctaws, Tushkahoma; of Creeks,
Muscogee; of Osages, Pawhuska; of Seminoles, Seminole Agency; of Pawnees,
Pawnee Agency; of Kiowas and Comanches, Kiowa and Comanche Agency.
Indian Agencies.
ARAPAHOE.
Agent $900
CHEYENNE.
Agent $2,200
Physician 1,200
KAW.
Superintend't $1,600
Physician 1,200
KIOWA AND COMANCHE.
Agent $1,000
Physician 1,000
OAKLAND.
Superintend't. $1,000
8 Teachers 600
OSAGE.
Agent $1,600
Physician 1,200
OTOE.
Agent $1,500
Physician 1,000
PAWNEE.
Clerk $1,200
Physician 1,000
PONCA.
Superinden't $1,200
Clerk 720
QUAPAW.
Agent $1,500
Physician 1,200
SAC AND FOX.
Agent $1,200
2 Physicians 1,000
[Illustration]
Corn, wheat, tobacco, cotton and potatoes yield luxuriantly. Number horses,
January, 1883, 125 per cent. of previous year; mules, 110 per cent.; hogs,
80 per cent.; milch cows, 85 per cent.; number sheep, 55,000, at average
value of $2; oxen and other cattle, January, 1884, 520,000, valued at
$8,840,000.
Stringent laws to protect from encroachments by whites. They can hold land
only by marrying into one of the tribes. Recent official reports give
Indian population about 80,000: Cherokees, 20,000; Choctaws, 16,500;
Creeks, 14,500; Chickasaws, 7,000; Seminoles, 2,500; Osages, 2,390;
Cheyennes, 3,298; Arapahoes, 2,676; Kiowas, 1,120; Pawnees, 1,438;
Comanches, 1,475.
No Territorial government has as yet been organized, owing to differences
in the views of Congress and the tribes. For each agency, a deputy is
appointed by the President to represent the United States, but each tribe
manages its own internal affairs. Most of the tribes governed by chiefs.
Of first five tribes, 33,650 can read, and have 16,200 houses, 195 schools,
and 6,250 pupils. Expended from tribal funds for educational purposes,
$156,856; from government appropriations for freedmen, $3,500. {151}
[Illustration]
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{152}
COLORADO. Kol-o-rah'do.
"CENTENNIAL STATE."
Part of Louisiana purchase of 1803. First explored by Vasquez Coronado
under the Spanish, 1540. First expedition sent out by United States
Government, under Major Pike, 1806; a second under command of Col. S.H.
Long, 1820, and in 1842-44, Gen. John C. Fremont made his celebrated trip
across the Rocky Mountains. First settlements made by miners, 1858-9;
formed from parts of Kansas, Nebraska, Utah and New Mexico; organized as a
Territory, February, 1851; admitted August 1, 1876.
Area, 103,925 square miles; length, 380 miles; breadth, 280 miles;
principal rivers, North and South Platte, Arkansas, Snake, White and Green.
Number counties, 40. Temperature at Denver: winter, 25deg to 37deg; summer,
72deg to 74deg. Rainfall of the State from 15 to 20 inches, falling mostly
between May and July.
Five United States land districts, with offices at Denver, Pueblo,
Fairplay, Lake City and Central City. Denver, capital and metropolis, and
contains assay office; pop., 54,308; Leadville, 10,925; Silver Cliffs, 900;
Colorado Springs, 4,563. State University at Boulder; Agricultural College
at Fort Collins; School of Mines at Golden City.
Richest State in the Union in mineral productions, ranking first in silver,
and fourth in gold.
Salaries of State Officers.
Governor $5,000
Lieut. Gov. 1,000
Sec'y of State 3,000
Treasurer 3,000
Auditor 2,500
Attorney Gen. 2,000
Chief Justice 5,000
2 Asso. Justices 5,000
Senators, } $4 pr. day,
Representatives } mileage 15 cents.
District Judge 3,500
Col. Int. Rev. 2,875
Surveyor Gen. 2,500
Ute Indian Agt. 1,400