THE TOLDERÍA.
On the banks of the Rio Negro, about five and twenty leagues from
Carmen, stood the toldería, or village of the Pass of the Guanacos.
This toldería, a simple temporary encampment, like all the Indian
villages, whose nomadic manners do not agree with fixed settlements,
was composed of about one hundred _chozas_, or cabins irregularly
grouped one after the other.
Each choza was formed of ten stakes fixed in the ground, four or five
feet high at the sides, and six to seven in the centre, with an opening
to the east, so that the owner of the choza might in the morning throw
water in the face of the rising sun, a ceremony by which the Indians
implore Gualichu not to injure their families during the course of
the day. These chozas were covered with horses' hides sewn together,
and always open at the top to leave a free escape for the smoke of
the fires in the interior, which fires equal in number the wives of
the occupant, as each squaw must have a fire of her own. The leather
that served as the exterior wall was carefully dressed and painted of
different colours, and these paintings--rendered the general appearance
of the toldería more cheerful.
In front of the entrance of the chozas, the lances of the warriors were
fixed in the ground. These lances, light and made of flexible bamboos,
sixteen to eighteen feet in length, and armed at their extremity with
a spear a foot long forged by the Indians themselves, grow in the
mountains of Chili, near Valdivia.
The liveliest joy appeared to prevail in the toldería. In some chozas
Indian women, provided with spindles handed down from the Incas, were
winding the wool of their flocks; in others, women were weaving their
ponchos, so renowned for their delicacy and perfection of work, at
looms of primitive simplicity which are another inheritance from the
Incas.
The young men of the tribe, assembled at the centre of the toldería in
a large square, were playing at _pilma_, a singular game of which the
Aucas are very fond. The players trace a large circle on the ground,
which they enter and range themselves in two rows facing each other.
The champions of each party holding a ball full of air in their hands,
one side on the right, the other on the left hand, throw these balls
before them. They raise the left leg, catch the projectile in their
hand and throw it at the adversary, whom they must hit on the body
under penalty of losing one point. This produces a thousand strange
contortions on the part of the opponent, who stoops down or gives a
spring to avoid being hit. If the ball leaves the circle, the first
player loses two points, and runs after it. If, on the contrary, the
second player is hit, he must catch the ball and throw it at his
adversary, whom he is bound to hit or lose a point. The next player on
the opposite side begins the game again, and so on to the end. We can
understand what bursts of laughter greet the grotesque postures of the
players.
Other Indians of a riper age were gravely playing a sort of game at
cards, with squares of leather clumsily illumined with figures of
different animals.
In a choza, larger and better painted than the rest, which was the
abode of the _carasken_ or first chief, whose lances, covered at the
end with red stained leather, were the distinctive mark of power, three
men were sitting over a decaying fire, and talking regardless of the
noises outside. These men were Nocobotha, Pincheira, and Churlakin,
one of the principal Ulmens of the hills, whose squaw had given birth
that same morning to a son, which was the cause of the great rejoicings
among the Indians.
Churlakin received the orders of the great chief for the ceremonies
usual on such occasions, bowed respectfully and left the choza, which
he soon re-entered, followed by his wives and all his friends, one of
whom held the infant in his arms.
Nocobotha placed himself between Pincheira and Churlakin, at the head
of the party, and proceeded toward the Rio Negro. The newborn babe,
wrapped in woollen swaddling clothes, was plunged into the water, and
then they returned in the same order to Churlakin's choza, in front of
which lay a plump filly, thrown down and with its four feet secured.
A poncho was spread under the animal's belly, and the relations and
friends deposited on it, one after the other, the presents intended
for the child, consisting of spurs, weapons, and clothes. Nocobotha,
who had consented to act as godfather, placed the infant in the midst
of the presents; and Churlakin laid open the filly's flanks, tore out
its heart and handed it while still warm to Nocobotha, who employed it
to make a cross on the infant's forehead, while saying, "Your name
will be Churlakinkco." The father took the child back, and the chief,
raising the bleeding heart, said thrice in a loud voice, "Let him live!
Let him live! Let him live!" Then he recommended the child to Gualichu,
the genius of evil, praying him to render him brave and eloquent, and
terminated the enunciation of his vows with the words, "Above all, let
him never become a slave."
When the ceremony was ended, the filly was cut into pieces, large fires
were kindled, and all the relations and friends began a feast which
would last until the immolated filly had entirely disappeared.
Churlakin prepared to sit down and eat like his guests, but at a sign
from Nocobotha, he followed the great chief into his choza, where they
resumed their seats at the fire, Pincheira joining them. Upon a signal
from Nocobotha the squaws went out, and after a short reflection he
began to say--
"Brothers, you are my confidants, and my heart is laid open before you
like _chirimoya_, to enable you to see my most secret thoughts. You
were perhaps surprised tonight at finding that I did not count you
among the chiefs selected to act under my orders."
The two chiefs gave a nod of denial.
"You neither doubted my friendship nor supposed that I had withdrawn my
confidence from you? Far from it. I reserve you two for more important
enterprises, which require sure and well-tried men. You, Churlakin,
will mount without delay, here is the quipu."
And he handed the Ulmen a small piece of willow wood, ten inches long
and four wide, split down the centre and holding a human finger. This
piece of wood, covered with thread, was fringed with red, blue, black,
and white wool. Churlakin received the quipu respectfully.
"Churlakin," Nocobotha continued, "you will serve me as _casqui_
(herald), not to the Patagonian natives of the Pampas, whose caraskens,
Ulmens and Apo-Ulmens were present at the solemn meeting at the tree
of Gualichu, although you may communicate with them on your road; but
I send you specially to the nations and tribes scattered far away,
and living in the woods, such as the Ranqueles, the Guerandis, the
Moluches, and the Pecunches, to whom you will present the quipu.
Turning back thence to the desert, you will visit the Charruas,
Bocobis, Tebas, and Guaramis, who can place about twenty-five thousand
warriors under arms. The task is difficult and delicate, and that is
why I entrust it to you, whom I regard as my second self."
"My brother's mind can be at rest," Churlakin said, "I shall succeed."
"Good," Nocobotha continued, "I have made nineteen knots on the black
wool to indicate that my brother left my side on the nineteenth day
of the moon; on the white wool twenty-seven knots, to signify that in
twenty-seven days the warriors will assemble under arms on the Island
of Ghole-Isechel, at the fork of the Rio Negro. The chiefs who consent
to join us will make a knot on the blood red wool, and those who refuse
will knot the red and blue wool together. Has my brother understood?"
"Yes," Churlakin answered. "When must I start?"
"At once, for time presses."
"In ten minutes I shall be far from the village," said Churlakin, as he
bowed to the two chiefs and left the choza.
"And now it is our turn," Nocobotha said with a friendly accent, when
he found himself alone with Pincheira.
"I am listening."
The superior chief, then putting off the composed manner and language
of an Ulmen, employed the European style with surprising readiness,
and laying aside the Indian dialect, addressed the Chilian officer in
the purest Castilian, spoken from Cape Horn to Magellan.
"My dear Pincheira," he said to him, "during the two years since my
return from Europe, I have attached to myself most of the Carmen
gauchos--utter scoundrels, I allow--and bandits exiled from Buenos
Aires; but I can count on them, and they are devoted to me. These men
only know me by the name of Don Torribio Carvajal."
"I was aware of the fact," Pincheira said.
"Ah!" Nocobotha remarked, darting a glance of suspicion at the Chilian.
"Everything is known on the Pampa."
"In a word," Nocobotha continued, "the hour has arrived when I must
reap what I have sown among these bandits, who will be useful to us
against their countrymen, through their knowledge of the Spanish
tactics, and their skill in the use of firearms. Reasons, which would
take me too long to explain, prevent me from turning my attention to
these gauchos, so you will introduce yourself to them in my name. This
diamond," he added, drawing a ring from his finger, "will be your
passport; they are warned, and if you show it to them they will obey
you as myself. They assemble at a low pulquería in the Población del
Sur, at Carmen."
"I know it well. What am I to do with the fellows?"
"A very simple matter. Every day, a devoted man, Panchito by name, will
transmit you my orders, and inform you of what is going on among us.
Your duty will be to hold these bandits in readiness, and on a day I
shall indicate to you, you will stir up a revolt in Carmen. This revolt
will give us time to act outside, while a part of your people are
scouring the Pampas, and freeing us, if possible, from those infernal
bomberos, who watch our manoeuvres, and are almost as crafty as our
Indians."
"Confound it," said Pincheira, "that is a tough job!"
"You will succeed, if not through friendship for me, at least through
hatred of the Spaniards."
"Not to deceive your expectations, I will do more than man can do."
"I know it, and thank you, my dear Pincheira. But you must be prudent
and skilful! Our plans are suspected, and we are watched. To employ an
Indian metaphor, I entrust to you a mole's job. You must dig a mine
under Carmen, which will blow them all up when it explodes."
"Caray," said Pincheira, as he warmly pressed Nocobotha's hand, "you
are one of the men I like. Trust to me, to my friendship, and, above
all, to my hatred."
"We shall all be avenged," Nocobotha added. "May Satan hear you!"
"To work, then! But, in the first place, lay aside your uniform as a
Chilian officer. Disguise yourself as well as you can, for your face is
familiar at Carmen."
"Yes," Pincheira replied, "and in an hour you will not recognize
me yourself. I will dress myself as a gaucho, for that will not be
noticed. Farewell."
"One word yet."
"Say it."
"The man I send to you will arrange a fresh meeting place for every
night in order to foil the spies."
"All right."
"Good-bye."
Pincheira left the choza; and the Indian chief looked after him for a
moment.
"Go," he said, "ferocious brute, to whom I throw a people as prey.
Go! Miserable instrument of projects whose greatness you do not
understand," he added, as he looked at the Indians, "they are making
holiday, playing like children, and unsuspicious that I am about, to
make them free. But it is time for me to think of my own vengeance."
And he quitted the choza, leapt on a horse, which an Indian held by the
bridle, and started at a gallop on the road to Carmen.
At the end of an hour he stopped on the banks of the Rio Negro,
dismounted, assured himself by a glance that he was alone, took off a
leathern valise fastened to his saddle, and entered a natural grotto a
few paces distant. There he quickly doffed his Indian garb, dressed in
handsome European attire, and set out again.
It was no longer Nocobotha, the supreme chief of the Indian nations,
but Don Torribio Carvajal, the mysterious Spaniard. His pace was also
prudently altered, and his horse carried him at a gentle trot toward
Carmen.
On coming near the spot where, on the previous evening, the bomberos
had halted with their sister to hold a consultation, he dismounted
again, sat down on the grass, and took from a splendid cigar case
made of plaited Panama straw, a cigar, which he lit with the apparent
tranquillity of a tourist who is resting in the shade, and is admiring
the beauty of the scenery.
During this time the footfall of several horses disturbed the solitude
of the Pampa, and a hoarse voice struck up an Indian song well known on
this border:--
"I have lost my Neculantey in the country of Tilqui. Oh! Ye damp
plains, which have changed him into shadows and flies."
"Oh, oh! the song of the Maukawis already!" Don Torribio said in a loud
voice.
"Does not the note of the Maukawis announce sunrise?" the voice asked.
"You are right, Panchito," Don Torribio replied, "we are alone, so
you can come, as well as your comrade, who, I suppose, is your friend
Corrocho."
"You have guessed right, Excellency," said Corrocho, as he came from
behind a sandhill.
"Faithful to our word," said Panchito, "we have arrived at the spot and
hour appointed."
"That is well, my good fellows, and thanks. Come here, but remain on
horseback. Are you both devoted to me?"
"To the last drop of our blood, Excellency," the two gauchos said.
"And you do not despise money?"
"Money can only injure those who have none," the sententious Panchito
remarked.
"When it is honourably gained," Corrocho added, with an ape-like
grimace.
"Of course, of course," the young man said, "it is a matter of fifty
ounces."
The two bandits had a shudder of joy, and their tiger cat eyeballs
flashed.
"Caray," they said.
"Does that suit you?"
"Fifty ounces? Of course it is a tough job."
"Perhaps so."
"No odds."
"There will be a man to kill."
"All the worse for him," said Panchito.
"Does it suit you still?"
"More than ever," Corrocho grunted.
"In that case listen to me attentively," Don Torribio Carvajal said.