Beatrice Robbie Aberdeen 1597
Cirstine Ballantyne Bute 1662
Christian Carington N. Berwick 1597
Christian Carrington N. Berwick 1590
Christian Graham Glasgow 1622
Christian Green Somerset 1664
Christian Grieve Crook of Devon 1662
Christine Harnon Guernsey 1617
Christiane Lewingstone Leith 1597
Christen Miller Aberdeen 1597
Christen Mitchell Aberdeen 1597
Christen Reid Aberdeen 1597
Christian Saidler Edinburgh 1597
Christian Tod N. Berwick 1590
Christen Whyte Forfar 1661
Christiane Wilson Dalkeith 1661
Christian Young Crook of Devon 1662
Christopher Dixon Northumberland 1673
Christopher Ellen Somerset 1664
Christopher Hargreaves Lancs 1613
Christopher Howgate Lancs 1613
Cysley Celles St. Osyth 1582
Cecile Vaultier Guernsey 1610
Collas Becquet Guernsey 1617
Collette Becquet Guernsey 1617
Collette de l'Estal Guernsey 1622
Collette Dumont Guernsey 1617
Collette Gascoing Guernsey 1563
Collette la Gelee Guernsey 1624
Collette Robin Guernsey 1622
Collette Salmon Guernsey 1563
Collette Sauvage Guernsey 1639
Collette Tourtel Guernsey 1576
Deliverance Hobbs Salem 1692
Dinah Warberton Somerset 1664
Donald McCartour Bute 1662
Donald Robesoune N. Berwick 1590
Doll Bilby Burton Agnes 1664
Dorothy Green Northumberland 1673
Dorothy Warberton Somerset 1664
Duncan Buchquhannane N. Berwick 1590
Bessie Aiken Edinburgh 1597
Elspet Alexander Forfar 1661
Elizabeth Astley Lancs 1613
Elizabeth Atchinson Northumberland 1673
Bessie Bathgate Eymouth 1634
Elizabeth Bennet St. Osyth 1582
Elspet Blak Alloa 1658
Bessie Browne N. Berwick 1590
Elspet Bruce Forfar 1661
Elspet Cant Queensferry 1644
Elizabeth Chandler Hunts 1646
Elspet Chisholme Auldearne 1662
Elizabeth Clark Manningtree 1645
Elizabeth Clawson Conn. 1692
Bessie Croket Forfar 1661
Elizabeth Demdike Lancs 1613
Elizabeth Dempster Crook of Devon 1662
Elizabeth Device Lancs 1613
Elizabeth Dickenson Knaresborough 1621
Bessie Dunlop Ayrshire 1576
Elizabeth Duquenin Guernsey 1610
Elizabeth Ewstace St. Osyth 1582
Elspet Falconer Auldearne 1662
Elspet Findlay Aberdeen 1597
Elizabeth Fletcher Knaresborough 1621
Elspett Forbes Aberdeen 1597
Elizabeth Francis Chelmsford 1556
Bessie Friece Auldearne 1662
Elspet Galie Bute 1662
Elizabeth Garlick Conn. 1657
Elizabeth Gauvein Guernsey 1639
Elspet Gilbert Auldearne 1662
Elizabeth Godman Conn. 1653
Elizabeth Gooding Manningtree 1645
Bessie Graham Kilwinning 1649
Elspet Graham Dalkeith 1661
Elspet Gray Bute 1662
Bessie Gulene N. Berwick 1590
Elizabeth Hare Essex 1645
Elizabeth Hargraves Lancs 1613
Elizabeth Harvy Ramsey, Essex 1645
Bessie Hay Auldearne 1662
Bessie Henderson Crook of Devon 1662
Elizabeth Howgate Lancs 1613
Bessie Hucheons Auldearne 1662
Elizabeth Knap Groton 1671
Elspet Laird Auldearne 1662
Elizabeth le Hardy Guernsey 1631
Elspet Leyis Aberdeen 1597
Elspet Macbeith Auldearne 1662
Elspet Makhomie Auldearne 1662
Bessie Moffat Dalkeith 1661
Elspet Moinness Aberdeen 1597
Elspet NcWilliam Bute 1662
Bessie Neil Crook of Devon 1662
Elspet Nishie Auldearne 1662
Bessie Paton Alloa 1658
Bessie Paul Aberdeen 1597
Bessie Peterkin Auldearne 1662
Elizabeth Pickering Northumberland 1673
Elspeth Reoch Orkney 1616
Bessie Robson N. Berwick 1590
Elizabeth Sawyer Edmonton 1621
Elizabeth Seager Conn. 1662
Elspet Smyth Aberdeen 1597
Elspeth Spence Bute 1662
Elizabeth Stile Somerset 1664
Elizabeth Stile Windsor 1579
Elspet Strathaquhin Aberdeen 1597
Bessie Thom Aberdeen 1597
Bessie Thomson N. Berwick 1590
Bessie Vickar Borrowstowness 1679
Elizabeth Weed Hunts 1646
Bessie Weir Paisley 1678
Bessie Wilson Auldearne 1662
Bessie Wright N. Berwick 1590
Elizabeth Wright Burton-on-Trent 1597
Bessie Young Auldearne 1662
Ellen Bierley Lancs 1613
Ellen Gray Aberdeen 1597
Ellen Green Leicester 1619
Elinor Shaw Northampton 1705
Euphemia McCalyan N. Berwick 1590
Frances Dicconson Lancs 1613
Frances Moore Hunts 1646
George Ellies Forfar 1661
Gideon Penman Crighton 1678
Gilbert Fidlar Aberdeen 1597
Gilbert McGill N. Berwick 1590
Giles Fenderlin Leaven Heath 1652
Geillis Duncan N. Berwick 1590
Gilles Hutton Crook of Devon 1662
Girette le Parmentier Guernsey 1620
Gracyenne Gousset Guernsey 1563
Grace Hay Lancs 1613
Grissell Gairdner Newburgh 1610
Grissall Sinklar Auldearne 1662
Guillemine la Bousse Guernsey 1622
Guillemine Vaultier Guernsey 1610
Hellen Alexander Forfar 1661
Hellen Clark Manningtree 1645
Helen Cothills Forfar 1661
Helen Fraser Aberdeen 1597
Helen Guthrie Forfar 1661
Helen Hill Queensferry 1644
Helen Inglis Auldearne 1661
Hellen Jenkinson Northampton 1612
Helen Lauder N. Berwick 1590
Helene le Brun Guernsey 1609
Helen Makkie Aberdeen 1597
Hellen Pennie Aberdeen 1597
Helen Rogie Aberdeen 1597
Helen Thomson Queensferry 1644
Helen White N. Berwick 1590
Henry Graver Knaresborough 1621
Henry Walter Somerset 1665
Hugh Crosia Conn. 1693
Isobel Adams Pittenweem 1704
Issabel Andrews Northumberland 1673
Isobel Bairdie Edinburgh 1649
Issobell Barroun Aberdeen 1597
Isabel Becquet Guernsey 1617
Isobel Black Crook of Devon 1662
Issobell Burnett Aberdeen 1597
Issobell Coky Aberdeen 1597
Isabel Condie Crook of Devon 1662
Isobell Crawford Irvine 1618
Isobel Dorward Forfar 1661
Issobell Forbes Aberdeen 1597
Isobel Friece Auldearne 1662
Isobel Gairdner Edinburgh 1649
Isabel Gibson Crook of Devon 1662
Issobell Gowdie Auldearne 1662
Issobell Griersoune Edinburgh 1607
Isobell Gylour N. Berwick 1590
Isobel Haldane Perth 1607
Isobel Inch Irvine 1618
Issabell Johnson Northumberland 1673
Isobell Lauder N. Berwick 1590
Issobell Menteithe Aberdeen 1597
Isobel More NcKaw Bute 1662
Isobel More Auldearne 1662
Issobell NcNeill Bute 1662
Issobell NcNicoll Bute 1662
Issobell Nicoll Auldearne 1662
Issobell Oige Aberdeen 1597
Isobel Ramsay Edinburgh 1661
Issobell Richie Aberdeen 1597
Issobell Robbie Aberdeen 1597
Isobel Robey Lancs 1613
Isabel Rutherford Crook of Devon 1662
Issobell Shyrie Forfar 1661
Isabel Sidegraves Lancs 1613
Issobell Smith Forfar 1661
Issobell Strathaquhin Aberdeen 1597
Issabell Thompson Northumberland 1673
Isobel Young Queensferry 1644
James Bush Somerset 1664
James Device Lancs 1613
James Hudston Alloa 1658
James Kirk Alloa 1658
James Og Aberdeen 1597
James Walkley Conn. 1662
Jonet Anderson Edinburgh 1657
Jane Baites Northumberland 1673
Jonet Barrie Forfar 1661
Jeanne Bichot Guernsey 1619
Jennet Bierley Lancs 1613
Jannet Blandilands Edinburgh 1590
Janet Breadheid Auldearne 1662
Janet Brown Edinburgh 1649
Janet Brugh Crook of Devon 1662
Jane Bulcock Lancs 1613
Janet Burnet Auldearne 1662
Jonet Campbell Edinburgh 1590
Jonet Campbell N. Berwick 1590
Joan Cariden Faversham 1645
Joan Carrington Conn. 1651
Jonett Clark Edinburgh 1590
Jonet Cleracht Aberdeen 1597
Jennot Cooke Dalkeith 1661
Johan Cooper Much Holland, Essex 1645
Jonet Corset Pittenweem 1704
Jennet Cronkshaw Lancs 1613
Janet Cunningham Edinburgh 1590
Jonet Davidson Aberdeen 1597
Jeanne de Bertran Guernsey 1626
Jenette de Garis Guernsey 1631
Jonet Degeddes Aberdeen 1597
Jennet Device Lancs 1613
Jennit Dibble Knaresborough 1621
Jonet Drever Orkney 1615
Jeannette Dumaresq Guernsey 1570
Janet Finlay Auldearne 1662
Jean Fulton Bargarran 1697
Jonet Gaw (Gall) N. Berwick 1590
Jonet Grant Aberdeen 1597
Jonett Grant Edinburgh 1590
Jeanne Guignon Guernsey 1570
Jonet Guissett Aberdeen 1597
Jennet Hargraves Lancs 1613
Jonet Hird Crook of Devon 1662
Jonet Hood Crook of Devon 1662
Jane Hopper Northumberland 1673
Jane Hott Faversham 1645
Jonet Howit Forfar 1661
Jonet Hunter Ayrshire 1605
Jonet Isack Bute 1662
Jonat Kaw Perth 1607
Jean King Innerkip 1662
Jeanne le Cornu Guernsey 1620
Jeannette le Gallees Guernsey 1570
Jonet Leisk Aberdeen 1597
Jonet Leyis Aberdeen 1597
Jonet Logan N. Berwick 1590
Janet Lowry Queensferry 1644
Jonet Lucas Aberdeen 1597
Joane Lucus Northampton 1612
Jane Makepiece Northumberland 1673
Janet Man Auldearne 1662
Janet Mathie Paisley 1678
Jonet McConachie Bute 1662
Jonet Mcilmertine Bute 1642
Jonet McNeill Bute 1662
Jonet McNickell Bute 1662
Jonet Mctyre Bute 1642
Jenot Meiklejohn Dalkeith 1661
Jonet Millar Alloa 1658
Jonet Morison Bute 1662
Janet Mowbray Queensferry 1644
Jonet Nctyre Bute 1642
Jonet Nicholson N. Berwick 1590
Jonet Nicoll Bute 1662
Jonet Paiston Dalkeith 1661
Jonet Paterson Alloa 1658
Janet Paton Crook of Devon 1662
Janet Paton Kilduff 1662
Joan Pechey St. Osyth 1582
Joan Peterson Wapping 1652
Jennet Preston Lancs 1613
Jonet Reid Alloa 1658
Jonet Reid Orkney 1633
Jonet Rendall Orkney 1629
Joan Robinson St. Osyth 1582
Janet Rodgers Bargarran 1697
Janet Scot Innerkip 1662
Janet Smith Auldearne 1662
Jonet Smyth Aberdeen 1597
Jane Southworth Lancs 1613
Jonet Spaldarg Aberdeen 1597
Jonet Stewart Edinburgh 1597
Jonet Stout Forfar 1661
Jonet Stratton N. Berwick 1590
Jean Sutherland Auldearne 1662
Jone Syms Somerset 1664
Janet Thomson Edinburgh 1649
Jeanne Tourgis Guernsey 1622
Joane Vaughan Northampton 1612
Janet Wagh Bargarran 1697
Joan Walliford Faversham 1645
Joane Wallis Hunts 1646
Joan Waterhouse Chelmsford 1556
Jonet Watson Dalkeith 1661
Jean Weir Edinburgh 1670
Jennet Wilkinson Lancs 1613
Joane Willimot Leicester 1619
Jonet Wishert Aberdeen 1597
John Brugh Edinburgh 1643
John Bulcock Lancs 1613
John Carington Conn. 1651
John Clarke Hunts 1646
John Combes Somerset 1664
John Couper N. Berwick 1590
John Crauforth Northumberland 1673
Johnne Damiet Edinburgh 1597
John Douglas Tranent 1659
John Fian N. Berwick 1590
John Galie Bute 1662
John Gordon (Gray-meill) N. Berwick 1590
John Lamen, Snr. St. Albans 1649
John Lamen, Jnr. St. Albans 1649
John Leyis Aberdeen 1597
John Lindsay Bargarran 1697
John McGill N. Berwick 1590
John Palmer St. Albans 1649
John Ramsden Lancs 1613
John Reid Bargarran 1697
John Robertson Auldearne 1662
John Salmon St. Albans 1649
John McWilliam Sclater Edinburgh 1656
John Stewart Irving 1618
John Stuart Paisley 1678
John Tailzeour Forfar 1661
John Taylor Auldearne 1662
John Vining Somerset 1664
John Whitfield Northumberland 1673
John Winnick Hunts 1646
John Young Auldearne 1662
Joseph Salmon St. Albans 1649
Josine Deblicq Hainault 1616
Joyce Boanes St. Osyth 1645
Judith Moone Thorp, Essex 1645
Judeth Salmon St. Albans 1649
Judith Varlet Conn. 1662
Julian Cox Somerset 1665
Katherine Blair Glasgow 1622
Kathren Blak Alloa 1658
Katherine Campbell N. Berwick 1590
Katherine Campbell Bargarran 1697
Katherine Carruthers N. Berwick 1590
Katherine Craige Orkney 1633
Katherine Cristell Bute 1662
Katherine Duncan N. Berwick 1590
Katherine Earle Yorks 1654
Catherine Ellot Northumberland 1673
Katherine Eustache Guernsey 1581
Katherine Fernsche Aberdeen 1597
Katherine Ferris Aberdeen 1597
Katherine Frissell Bute 1662
Katherine Gerard Aberdeen 1597
Kait Gray N. Berwick 1590
Catherine Green Somerset 1665
Catherine Halloudis Guernsey 1622
Katherine Harrison Conn. 1662
Katherine Heirst Lancs 1613
Catherine Logie Queensferry 1644
Katherine McGill N. Berwick 1590
Katherine McTeir Ayrshire 1605
Katherine McWilliam Bute 1662
Katherine Miller Orkney 1633
Kathren Mitchell Aberdeen 1597
Kathrin Moore Bute 1662
Katherine Oswald Edinburgh 1629
Katharene Portour Forfar 1661
Catherine Prays Guernsey 1563
Kathren Renny Alloa 1658
Catherine Robert Guernsey 1639
Katherine Scott Innerkip 1662
Kathren Sowter Auldearne 1662
Katherine Stewart Bute 1662
Catherine Thomson Queensferry 1644
Kait Wallace N. Berwick 1590
Katharene Wallace Forfar 1661
Lawrence Hay Lancs 1613
Laurenche Jehan Guernsey 1570
Laurence l'Eustache Guernsey 1617
Lilias Adie Torryburn 1704
Lillie Wallace Pittenweem 1704
Lucy Thompson Northumberland 1673
Lydia Gilbert Conn. 1654
Malie Geddie N. Berwick 1590
Manie Haliburton Dirlton 1649
Marable Cooper Orkney 1633
Margaret Agar Somerset 1664
Margaret Aitchison N. Berwick 1590
Margaret Aynsley Northumberland 1673
Margaret Barclay Irvine 1618
Margret Bean Aberdeen 1597
Meg Begtoun N. Berwick 1590
Marget Beveridge Crook of Devon 1662
Margret Brodie Auldearne 1662
Margaret Brown Queensferry 1644
Margaret Clarke Somerset 1664
Margrat Cleraucht Aberdeen 1597
Margaret Craige Paisley 1678
Margaret Dauline Queensferry 1644
Margret Demperstoun Alloa 1658
Margret Duchall Alloa 1658
Margaret Duncane Ayrshire 1605
Margaret Duncane Crook of Devon 1662
Margaret Dwn N. Berwick 1590
Margaret Fulton Bargarran 1697
Margaret Grevell St. Osyth 1582
Margaret Hamilton (Mitchell) Borrowstowness 1679
Margaret Hamilton (Pullwart) Borrowstowness 1679
Margrat Holm Innerkip 1662
Margret Hucheons Auldearne 1662
Margaret Huggon Crook of Devon 1662
Marget Hutton Crook of Devon 1662
Margrat Innes Aberdeen 1597
Margaret Jackson Paisley 1678
Margaret Jennings Conn. 1661
Margaret Johnson Lancs 1633
Margaret Keltie Crook of Devon 1662
Margaret Kyllie Auldearne 1662
Margaret Laing Bargarran 1697
Margaret Landish St. Osyth 1645
Margaret Litster Crook of Devon 1662
Margaret Loy Liverpool 1667
Margaret McGuffok Ayrshire 1605
Margret McKenzie Innerkip 1662
Margaret McNeill Bute 1662
Margaret McNickell Bute 1662
Margaret McNish Crook of Devon 1662
Margaret McWilliam Bute 1662
Margaret Moone Thorp, Essex 1645
Margaret Morton Yorks 1650
Margaret Ncilduy Bute 1662
Margaret NcLevin Bute 1662
Margaret Nicoll Forfar 1661
Margaret Nin-Gilbert Thurso 1719
Margret Og Aberdeen 1597
Margaret Pearson Lancs 1613
Marguerite Picot Guernsey 1629
Margaret Pringle Borrowstowness 1679
Margrat Reauch Aberdeen 1597
Margaret Rodgers Bargarran 1697
Margrat Scherar Aberdeen 1597
Margaret Simson Hunts 1646
Margaret Smith Bute 1662
Margrat Smyth Aberdeen 1597
Meg Stillcart N. Berwick 1590
Margret Tailzeour Alloa 1658
Marguerite Tardif Guernsey 1624
Margaret Thomson N. Berwick 1590
Margaret Waite, Snr. Knaresborough 1621
Margaret Waite, Jnr. Knaresborough 1621
Margaret Wallace Glasgow 1622
Margret Wilson Auldearne 1662
Margaret Young Crook of Devon 1662
Margarett (surname unknown) Northumberland 1673
Marion Bailzie N. Berwick 1590
Marion Congilton N. Berwick 1590
Marion Dauline Queensferry 1644
Marion Frissell Bute 1642
Marrion Fyfe Crook of Devon 1662
Marion Grant Aberdeen 1597
Marion Hocket Ramsey, Essex 1645
Marion Linkup Leith 1590
Marion Little Queensferry 1644
Marion Nicholson N. Berwick 1590
Marion Paterson N. Berwick 1590
Marion Richart Orkney 1633
Marion Scheill (Shaw) N. Berwick 1590
Marion Stein Queensferry 1644
Marrion Thomson Crook of Devon 1662
Marion Wod Aberdeen 1597
Marion (Irish Marion) N. Berwick 1590
Marjorie Dunbar Auldearne 1662
Marjorie Man Auldearne 1662
Marjorie Mutch Aberdeen 1597
Marjorie Ritchie Forfar 1661
Margery Sammon St. Osyth 1582
Margery Stoakes St. Osyth 1645
Marjorie Taylor Auldearne 1662
Martha Semple Bargarran 1697
Martin Tulouff Guernsey 1563
Mary Barber Northampton 1612
Mary Barnes Conn. 1662
Marie Becquet Guernsey 1617
Mary Bychance St. Albans 1649
Marie Clouet Guernsey 1631
Marie de Calais Guernsey 1617
Marie de Calais Guernsey 1631
Marie du Mont Guernsey 1617
Marie Gauvein Guernsey 1570
Mary Green Somerset 1664
Mary Greenleife Alresford, Essex 1645
Marie Guilbert Guernsey 1639
Marie Guillemotte Guernsey 1634
Mary Hunter Northumberland 1673
Mary Johnson Wyvenhoe, Essex 1645
Mary Johnson Conn. 1647
Mary Lamen, Snr. St. Albans 1649
Mary Lamen, Jnr. St. Albans 1649
Marie Lamont Innerkip 1662
Marie Mabille Guernsey 1631
Marie Martin Guernsey 1588
Marie McKaw Bute 1662
Mary McNiven Bute 1662
Marie Mortimer Guernsey 1631
Marie More NcCuill Bute 1662
Marie Paterson N. Berwick 1590
Mary Penny Somerset 1664
Mary Phillips Northampton 1705
Mary Read Lenham 1652
Marie Roland Guernsey 1601
Marie Roland Guernsey 1634
Mary Rynd Forfar 1661
Mary Sanford Conn. 1662
Marie Shuttleworth Lancs 1613
Mary Sikes Yorks 1649
Marie Sohier Guernsey 1626
Marie Spencer Lancs 1613
Marie Stewart Bute 1662
Mary Trembles Bideford 1682
Mary Warberton Somerset 1665
Masie Aitchison N. Berwick 1590
Mercy Disborough Conn. 1692
Meslie Hirdall Auldearne 1662
Michael Aynsley Northumberland 1673
Michael Clark N. Berwick 1590
Mildred Wright Maidstone 1652
Nathaniel Greensmith Conn. 1662
Nicholas Jennings Conn. 1661
Patrick Lowrie Ayrshire 1605
Patrick McKaw Bute 1662
Patrik Watson Dirlton 1649
Perine Marest Guernsey 1622
Philipine le Parmentier Guernsey 1617
Rachel King Somerset 1665
Rebecca Greensmith Conn. 1662
Rebecca Jones St. Osyth 1645
Rebecca Weste Lawford, Essex 1645
Richard Dickes Somerset 1665
Richard Graham Edinburgh 1590
Richard Lannen Somerset 1665
Robert Griersoun N. Berwick 1590
Robert Grieve Lauder 1649
Robert Wilkinson Lancs 1613
Robert Wilson Crook of Devon 1662
Rose Cullender Bury 1664
Rose Hallybread St. Osyth 1645
Sarah Barton Harwich 1645
Sarah Cooper Essex 1645
Sarah Hating Ramsey, Essex 1645
Sarah Smith St. Albans 1649
Susan Cock St. Osyth 1645
Susanna Edwards Bideford 1682
Susanne Prudhomme Guernsey 1629
Susanne Rouanne Guernsey 1631
Temperance Lloyd Bideford 1682
Thomas Bolster Somerset 1665
Thomas Burnhill N. Berwick 1590
Thomas Durning Somerset 1665
Thomas Leyis Aberdeen 1597
Thomas Weir Edinburgh 1670
Thomasse de Calais Guernsey 1617
Thomazine Ratcliffe Suffolk 1645
Thomasse Salmon Guernsey 1570
Thomasine Watson Northumberland 1673
Ursley Kemp St. Osyth 1582
Vyolett Leyis Aberdeen 1597
Walter Ledy Auldearne 1662
William Ayres Conn. 1662
William Barton Queensferry 1655
William Berry Rutland 1619
William Coke Kirkcaldy 1636
William Craw Borrowstowness 1679
William Wright Northumberland 1673
APPENDIX IV
JOAN OF ARC AND GILLES DE RAIS
These two personages--so closely connected in life and dying similar
deaths, yet as the poles asunder in character--have been minutely studied
from the historical and medical points of view, and in the case of Joan
from the religious standpoint also. But hitherto the anthropological aspect
has been disregarded. This is largely due to the fact that these intensive
studies have been made of each person separately, whereas to obtain the
true perspective the two should be taken together. This individual
treatment is probably owing to the wide divergence of the two characters;
the simplicity and purity of the one is in marked contrast with the
repulsive attributes of the other. Yet anthropologically speaking the tie
between the two is as strongly marked as the contrast of character.
The case of Joan is easily studied, as the documents are accessible.[956]
Anatole France has realized that behind Joan there lay some unseen power,
which Charles VII feared and from which he unwillingly accepted help. M.
France sees in this power a party in the Church, and in his eyes the Church
was a house divided against itself. Though agreeing with the view that Joan
was the rallying-point of a great and powerful organization, I see in that
organization the underlying religion which permeated the lower orders of
the people in France as in England; that religion which I have set forth in
the foregoing chapters. The men-at-arms, drawn from the lower orders,
followed without hesitation one whom they believed to have been sent by
their God, while the whole army was commanded by Marshal Gilles de Rais,
who apparently tried to belong to both religions at once.
1. _Joan of Arc_
The questions asked by the judges at Joan's trial show that they were well
aware of an underlying organization of which they stood in some dread. The
judges were ecclesiastics, and the accusation against the prisoner was on
points of Christian faith and doctrine and ecclesiastical observance. It
was the first great trial of strength between the old and the new
religions, and the political conditions gave the victory to the new, which
was triumphant accordingly. 'We have caught her now', said the Bishop of
Beauvais, and she was burned without even the formality of handing her over
to the secular authorities. After the execution, the judges and counsellors
who had sat in judgement on Joan received letters of indemnity from the
Great Council; the Chancellor of England sent letters to the Emperor, to
the kings and princes of Christendom, to all the nobles and towns of
France, explaining that King Henry and his Counsellors had put Joan to
death through zeal for the Christian Faith; and the University of Paris
sent similar letters to the Pope, the Emperor, and the College of
Cardinals. Such action can hardly be explained had Joan been an ordinary
heretic or an ordinary political prisoner. But if she were in the eyes of
the great mass of the population not merely a religious leader but actually
the incarnate God, then it was only natural for the authorities, who had
compassed her death, to shelter themselves behind the bulwark of their zeal
for the Christian religion, and to explain to the heads of that religion
their reasons for the execution. On the other hand, the belief that Joan
was God Incarnate will account, as nothing else can, for the extraordinary
supineness of the French, who never lifted a finger to ransom or rescue
Joan from the hands of either the Burgundians or the English. As God
himself or his voluntary substitute she was doomed to suffer as the
sacrifice for the people, and no one of those people could attempt to save
her.
In comparing the facts elicited at the trial with the Dianic Cult as set
out in the previous chapters, the coincidences are too numerous to be
merely accidental. I do not propose to enter into a detailed discussion of
the trial, I only wish to draw attention to a few points in this connexion.
The questions put to Joan on the subject of fairies appear to the modern
reader to be entirely irrelevant, though much importance was evidently
attached to her answers by the Court. She could not disprove, though she
denied, the popular rumour that 'Joan received her mission at the tree of
the Fairy-ladies' (Iohanna ceperat factum suum apud arborem Dominarum
Fatalium), and she was finally forced to admit that she had first met the
'Voices' near that spot. Connexion with the fairies was as damning in the
eyes of the Bishop of Beauvais and his colleagues as it was later in the
eyes of the judges who tried John Walsh and Aleson Peirson.