253 : 1. See p. 158 and note. Also Peake, 2, p. 165; Breasted, 1, p.
176; Von Luschan, pp. 241–243; Zaborowski, 1, p. 112; DeLapouge, 1, p.
252, says: “Aryans were in India about 1500 B. C.”
253 : 10. See Peake, 2; also pp. 170–171 and 213 of this book.
253 : 13. See the note to p. 225 : 11.
253 : 13–15. Eduard Meyer, _Zur ältesten Geschichte der Iranier_.
253 : 16 _seq._ See the note to p. 239 : 16 seq.
253 : 19. Zaborowski, 1, pp. 137 and 214.
254 : 1. See pp. 173 and 225 of this book.
254 : 3 _seq._ For Sacæ see the note to p. 259 : 21. Cahun, _Histoire de
l’Asie_, says on p. 35: “The Sacæ and the Ephtalites and Massagetæ were
from the Kiptchak.” See also Zaborowski, 1, pp. 94, 100–101, 215 _seq._
254 : 6. Massagetæ. See the note to p. 259 : 21.
254 : 8. Ephtalites, or White Huns. Cahun, _Histoire de l’Asie_, pp.
43–55: “The Turks destroyed in the first half of the seventh century a
powerful nation, the Ephtalites of Soghdiana, north of Persia. They were
called Ephtalites, or White Huns or Tie-le-urn Turks.” See also the
notes to pp. 119 : 15 and 224 : 3 of this book, and chap. XXVI in Gibbon
on the Huns in general.
Procopius, vol. I, says in speaking of the Ephtalite Huns and describing
their war with the Persians about 450 A. D.: “The White Huns are of the
stock of the Huns in fact as well as in name, living in the territory
north of Persia, and are settlers on the land in contrast to the Nomadic
Huns who live at a distance.... They are the only ones among the Huns
who have white bodies and countenances that are not ugly and they are
far more civilized than are the other Huns.” The general impression
gained from Procopius is that they were not true Huns. “Massagetæ” is
used as another name for Huns by Procopius. He describes them as mounted
bowmen. It is clear that in using this name he refers to Huns only.
254 : 13. Medes. The name Medes is variously applied by different
authorities; by many the Medes are regarded as a branch of the Persians,
one of two kindred tribes of Nordics. The author follows Zaborowski in
applying the name to the round skulled population which was conquered by
the Persians. See Zaborowski, 1, chaps. V and VI, especially part II and
p. 125. Also Herodotus in the references given for Persia. Hall,
_Ancient History of the Near East_, p. 459, gives an interesting bit of
their story.
254 : 15. Persians. The Persians were a branch of Nordics who invaded
the territory of the round skulled Medes, and gradually imposed their
language and much of their culture on the subjugated populations. See
Herodotus, book I, especially 55, 71, 72, 74, 91, 95, 101, 107, 125,
129, 135, 136; and book VI, 19, where he discusses both Medes and
Persians. For modern commentary the author follows Zaborowski, 1, pp.
138–139, 153 _seq._, chap. VI, and also pp. 212–214.
Von Luschan, pp. 233–234, describes the present day Persians, showing
that there has been a resurgence of types and that the Nordic elements
have been largely absorbed by the original inhabitants. He adds,
however, on p. 234, that while he never saw Persians with light hair and
blue eyes, he was told that in some noble families fair types were not
very rare.
254 : 19. See the note on the Medes, and Zaborowski, p. 156, on the
Magi.
254 : 26. Darius. Zaborowski, 1, p. 12. Herodotus, I, 209, says: “Now
Hystaspes the son of Arsames was of the race of the Achæmenidæ and his
eldest son Darius was at that time twenty years old.” Another name for
Hystaspes was Vashtaspa, whose father was Arsames (Arsháma). He traced
his descent through four ancestors to Achæmenes (Hakhámamish).
Von Luschan, p. 241, says: “Nothing is known of the Achæmenides who
called themselves ‘Aryans of Aryan stock’ and who brought the Aryan
language to Persia. About 1500 B. C. or earlier, there seems to have
begun a migration of northern men to Asia Minor, Syria, Persia, Egypt
and India. Indeed we can now connect even Further India with the Mitanni
of central Asia Minor.”
See Zaborowski in regard to the Behistun tablet, etc., although
practically any writers on Persia and Mesopotamia discuss this great
monument.
255 : 2. Zaborowski, 1, pp. 116–117.
255 : 6. See the note on the Medic language, 255 : 13. Also Zaborowski,
1, pp. 34, 182–184.
255 : 7 _seq._ Zaborowski, 1, pp. 180–184; Feist, 5, p. 423.
255 : 13. Bactria and Zendic. See the notes to pp. 119 : 15 and 257 :
12.
255 : 13. Zendic or the Medic language. See Zaborowski, 1, chap. VI.
According to the Census of India, vol. I, pp. 291 _seq._, both Persian
and Medic tongues belong to the Aryan stock. They are divided in the
following table:
ARYAN
|
+-------+-----+---------------+--------------+
| | | |
Persic | | +---Medic
| | | | (The language of
Old Persian of the Achæmenides | the Avesta. No
(Darius’ insc. at Behistun, c. | transition language
5th century B. C.) | between
| | | Medic and its
| | | modern derivatives
Pehlevi or Parthian | is known.)
3d–7th century +-----+-----+-----+-----+
A. D. | | | | | |
| Galchah dialects of the Pamirs
| | | | | |
| Pashto | | | |
Modern Persian. | | | |
Omuri | | |
| | |
Balochi | |
| |
Kurdish |
|
Other minor
dialects.
Zaborowski, 1, p. 146, positively identifies Medic as agglutinative, in
which he agrees with Oppert. See chaps. V and VI, especially part II and
p. 125. For early data on the Medes see the Herodotus references given
under Persia. Zaborowski says, p. 121, that Medic was spoken until 600
B. C.
255 : 15. Kurdish. Von Luschan, p. 229: “The Kurds speak an Aryan
language.... The eastern Kurds are little known.... They speak a
different dialect from the western tribes, but both divisions are
Aryan.” On the Kurds as a people, see the notes to p. 225 : 20.
255 : 20. Zaborowski, 1, p. 216–217.
255 : 23. Von Luschan, p. 234, and the note to p. 225 : 19 of this book.
255 : 26–256 : 10. See Plutarch’s _Life of Alexander_; _Historia
Alexandri Magni de præliis_; Zaborowski, 1, p. 171.
256 : 3. Alexander the Great and the Persians. Plutarch, _Life of
Alexander_: “After this he accommodated himself more than ever to the
manners of the Asiatics, and at the same time persuaded them to adopt
some of the Macedonian fashions, for by a mixture of both he thought a
union might be promoted much better than by force, and his authority
maintained when he was at a distance. For the same reason he selected
30,000 boys and gave them masters to instruct them in the Grecian
literature as well as to train them to arms in the Macedonian manner. As
for his marriage with Roxana, it was entirely the effect of love.... Nor
was the match unsuitable to the situation of his affairs. The barbarians
placed greater confidence in him on account of that alliance....
Hephæstion and Craternus were his two favorites. The former praised the
Persian fashions and dressed as he did; the latter adhered to the
fashions of his own country. He therefore employed Hephæstion in his
transactions with the barbarians and Craternus to signify his pleasure
to the Greeks and Macedonians.”
256 : 11 _seq._ Armenians. Ridgeway, 1, p. 396, speaking of language,
says: “That the Armenians were an offshoot of the Phrygians as mentioned
in Herodotus VII, 73, is proved by the most modern linguistic results,
which show that Armenian comes closer to Greek than to the Iranian
tongues.” _Cf._ also Hall, _Ancient History of the Near East_, p. 475.
This need not imply racial affinity, however. The following notes on
Armenian were contributed by Mr. Leon Dominian: “The proof of Aryan
affinities in the Hittite language has not yet been established. The
great difficulty in establishing the pre-Aryan relation of Armenian is
due to the fact that the earliest text dates only from the fifth century
A. D.
“The Cimmerians and Scythians, coming from southern Europe by way of the
Caucasus (Herodotus, IV, 11, 12), reached Armenia about 720 B. C. (see
Garstang, _The Land of the Hittites_, p. 62). The old Vannic language
antedating this invasion resembles the Georgian of the Caucasus,
according to Sayce (_Jour. Roy. As. Soc._, XIV, p. 410), who has studied
the local inscriptions. On p. 409 he infers that the Aryan occupation of
Armenia was coeval with the victory of Aryanism in Persia at the end of
the sixth century, B. C.
“The fact that Armenia is linguistically related to the western groups
of the Indo-European languages and that the Persian element consists of
loan words is corroborated by geographical evidence. The Armenian
highland culminating in the 17000 foot altitude of Mt. Ararat has acted
as a barrier dividing the plateau of Anatolia from that of Iran.
Herodotus called the Armenians the ‘beyond’ Phrygians.” See also O.
Schrader, Jevons translation, p. 430.
256 : 14 _seq._ Phrygians. See the note to p. 225.
256 : 15. Félix Sartiaux, _Troie, la guerre de Troie_, pp. 5–9.
256 : 16–17. See the note to p. 239 : 2 _seq._
256 : 21 _seq._ See the table of languages to p. 242 : 5.
256 : 27–257 : 7. See pp. 20, 134, 238–239, of this book.
257 : 12. Bactria. See the note to p. 119 : 15.
257 : 16 _seq._ See the notes to pp. 158 and 253. Also Von Luschan, p.
243; Zaborowski, 1, p. 112; and the Indian Census, 1901, vol. I, p. 294.
257 : 19. Punjab. _Panch_—five, _ab_—river, in Hindustani. _Cf._ the
Greek _penta_—five.
257 : 22. Dravidians. See pp. 148–149 of this book.
257 : 23. See the note to. p. 259 : 21 and Zaborowski, 1, pp. 113 seq.
257 : 28–258 : 2. See the note to p. 242 : 5. George Turnour’s edition
in 1836, of the Mahavamsa, first made it possible to trace Sinhalese
history and to prove that about the middle of the sixth century B. C. a
band of Aryan-speaking people from India, under Vijaya conquered and
settled Ceylon permanently. There are a number of later works on Ceylon,
dealing with its archæology, flora, fauna, history, etc.
According to the British Indian Census of 1901 nearly two-thirds of the
inhabitants of Assam were Hindus, and the language of Hinduism has
become that of the province. The vernacular Assamese is closely related
to Bengali. E. A. Gait has written a _History of Assam_ (1906).
258 : 3. See the notes to pp. 158 and 253 of this book.
258 : 8. Zaborowski, 1, pp. 184–185. Compare de Morgan’s dates with
those of Zaborowski, the Indian Census and Meillet.
258 : 19. See Meillet, _Introduction á l’étude des langues européens_.
On p. 37 he claims that the relation between the two is comparable to
that prevailing between High and Low German. Zaborowski, 1, p. 184,
says: “The language of the Avesta, the Zend, is a contemporary dialect
of the Persian of Darius (_i. e._, of Old Persian), from whence has come
the Pehlevi and its very close relative. It even presents the closest
affinities with the Sanskrit of the Vedas, from which was derived, in
the time of Alexander, classical Sanskrit. This Sanskrit of the Vedas is
itself so close to Old Persian that it can be said that one and the
other are only two pronunciations of the same tongue.” See also the
Indian Census for 1901, vol. I, p. 294.
258 : 25 _seq._ Zaborowski, 1, pp. 213–216; Peake, 2, pp. 165 _seq._ and
especially pp. 169 and 172.
259 : 4. Ellsworth Huntington, _The Pulse of Asia_; Peake, 2, p. 170;
and Breasted, _passim_.
259 : 9. See pp. 173, 237, 253–254 and 257 of this book.
259 : 16. See the notes to pp. 119 : 13 and 255 : 7.
259 : 21. Sacæ or Saka. The Sacæ or Saka were the blond peoples who
carried the Aryan language to India. Strabo, 511, allies them with the
Scythians as one of their tribes. Many tribes were called Sacæ,
especially by the Hindus, who used the term indiscriminately to
designate any northern invaders of India.
One tribe gained the most fertile tract in Armenia which was called
Sacasene, after them.
Zaborowski, 1, p. 94, relates the Sacæ with the Scythians, and says:
“The Tadjiks are a people composed of suppressed elements where blonds
are found in an important minority. These blonds, saving an atavistic
survival of more ancient or sporadic characters I can identify. They are
the Sacæ.” He continues, in a note, that a great error has been
committed on the subject of the Sacæ. “Repeating an assertion of Alfred
Maury, whose very sound erudition enjoyed a merited reputation, I myself
once repeated that the Sacæ who figures on the rock of Behistun was of
the Kirghiz type. This assertion is completely erroneous. I have proved
it and can say that the Sacæ and the Scythians were identical.”
Zaborowski, p. 216, also identifies the Sacæ with the Persians. On this
whole subject see Herodotus, VII, 64; also Feist, 5.
259 : 21. Massagetæ. Zaborowski, 1, p. 285, says: “The first information
of history concerning the peoples of Turkestan refers to the Massagetæ,
whose life was exactly the same as that of the Scythians (Herodotus, I,
205–216). They enjoyed a developed industrial civilization while they
remained nomads. They were doubtless composed of ethnic elements
different from the Scythians, but probably already spoke the Iranian
tongue, like them. And since the time of Darius, at least, there were in
Turkestan with them and beside them, Sacæ, whom the Greeks have always
regarded as Scythians come from Europe.”
Minns, _Scythians and Greeks_, p. 11, says: “The Scyths and the
Massagetæ were contemporaneous and different. The Massagetæ are
evidently a mixed collection of tribes without an ethnic unity; the
variety of their customs and states of culture shows this and Herodotus
does not seem to suggest that they are all one people. They are
generally reckoned to be Iranian.... The picture drawn of the nomad
Massagetæ seems very like that of the Scythians in a rather ruder stage
of development.”
Herodotus, I, 215, describes them as follows: “In their dress and mode
of living the Massagetæ resemble the Scythians. They fight both on
horseback and on foot, neither method is strange to them.... The
following are some of their customs,—each man has but one wife, yet all
wives are held in common; for this is a custom of the Massagetæ and not
of the Scythians, as the Greeks wrongly say. Human life does not come to
its natural close with this people; but when a man grows very old, all
his kinsfolk collect together and offer him up in sacrifice; offering at
the same time some cattle also. After the sacrifice they boil the flesh
and feast on it; and those who thus end their days are reckoned the
happiest. If a man dies of disease they do not eat him, but bury him in
the ground, bewailing his ill fortune that he did not come to be
sacrificed. They sow no grain, but live on their herds and on fish, of
which there is great plenty in the Araxes. Milk is what they chiefly
drink. [_Cf._ the eastern Siberian tribes of the present day.] The only
god they worship is the sun, and to him they offer the horse in
sacrifice, under the notion of giving to the swiftest of the gods, the
swiftest of all mortal creatures.”
D’Arbois de Jubainville, 4, t. I, p. 231 declares they were the same as
the Scyths.
Horse sacrifices are said to prevail among the modern Parses. On the
whole, the Massagetæ appear to have been largely Nordic.
259 : 24. Kirghizes. See Zaborowski, 1, pp. 216, 290–291.
259 : 25 _seq._ See the note to p. 119 : 15.
260 : 3. Gibbon, chap. LXIV. Also called the battle of Lignitz. Lignitz
is the duchy, and Wahlstatt a small village on the battlefield.
260 : 8. See the notes to pp. 224 : 3 and 259 : 21.
260 : 17. Feist, 5, pp. 1, 427–431, says the Tokharian is related to the
western rather than to the Iranian-Indian group of languages, and places
the Tokhari in northeast Turkestan. (See the note to p. 119 : 13.) On p.
471 he identifies the Yuë-Tchi and Khang with Aryans from Chinese
Turkestan, basing himself on Chinese annals, the date being given as 800
B. C. _Cf._ also the notes to p. 224 : 3 of this book.
260 : 21. See DeLapouge, 1, p. 248; Feist, 5, p. 520.
260 : 29–261 : 5. See Feist, above, in the note to 260 : 17.
261 : 6. Traces. See the note to p. 70 : 12.
261 : 17. Deniker, 2, pp. 407 _seq._; G. Elliot Smith, _Ancient
Egyptians_, p. 61; Ripley, p. 450.
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INDEX
Aachen, 182.
Accad, 147;
language of, 239.
Achæans, 158–161, 173, 189, 223, 225, 243, 253;
at Troy, 159;
invade Greece, 158–159;
language of, 161.
Acheulean period, 104–106, 133.
Achilles, 159.
Actinic rays, 38, 84.
Adamic theory, 13.
Adriatic, 36, 138.
Ægean, islands of, Hellenes in, 162;
Ægean region, Nordics in, 253.
Æolian language, 243.
Æolians, 159.
Afghan hill tribes, physical character of, 261;
language, 261;
passes, Nordics in, 257, 259.
Afghanistan, 257, 261;
Mediterranean race in, 148;
physical types of, 257.
Afghans, 148;
language of, 148.
Africa, 23, 33, 82;
Alpines in, 140, 158;
Bronze Age in, 128;
cephalic index in, 23;
hunting tribes of, 113;
Mediterraneans in, 148, 151, 152, 155;
megaliths in, 155;
Negro population of, 33, 79, 80;
no Nordic blood in, 180, 223;
Nordic invasion of, 223;
North Africa, as part of Europe, 152;
Berbers of, 152;
under Vandals, 180, 233;
_South Africa_, density of native population barrier to white
conquest, 79, 80.
Agglutinative languages, 148, 234, 239, 240.
Agriculture, 112, 122–124, 138, 146, 240.
Ainus, physical characters of, 224–225;
crossed with Mongols, 225.
Alabama, 99.
Alani, or Alans, 66, 177, 195.
Alaska, 45.
Albania, 30, 36, 164;
stature in, 190.
Albanian language, 164;
origin of, 243–244;
Albanian type, 164.
Albanians, 25;
blondness of, 163;
in the Balkan peninsula, 153.
Albigensians, 157.
Albinos, 25.
Alcoholism, 55.
Alemanni, 135, 145, 177.
Alexander the Great, 161–162, 256, 259.
Alexandria, 92.
Algeria, 44.
Alphabet, earliest traces of, 115.
Alpine race, 20, 21, 25, 29, 31, 34, 35, 63, 64, 69, 73, 134–147, 167,
226;
an agricultural race, 138–139, 146;
and Aryan language, 238–241;
and Dorians, 160;
and High German, 188;
and iron, 129;
and lake dwellings, 121, 139;
and Proto-Slavic language, 143;
and Round Barrows, 137;
as aristocracy in Rome, 154;
Asiatic, and earliest civilizations, 147;
bringers of bronze, 127–128;
of cereals, 138, 146;
of culture, 138, 146;
of domesticated animals, 138, 146;
of metals, 122, 127, 129, 146–147;
of pottery, 146;
Celticized, 174;
centre of radiation of, 124, 136, 141–143;
conquered by Nordics, 129, 145–147;
crossed with Mediterraneans, 151;
crossed with Nordics, 134, 135, 151, 163;
discovery of type of, 130;
distribution of, 241;
eastern spread of, 136;
final invasion of Europe, 127–128;
first appearance of, 116;
in Europe, 136;
habitat of, 43–44;
hair of, 34;
in Africa (North), 128, 140, 156;
Alsace, 140;
Armorica, 251;
Asia, 144;
Austria, 232;
Auvergne, 146;
Baden, 140;
Bavaria, 141;
Belgium, 138, 140;
Britain, 137–138, 239–240, 247;
(present absence of, 137);
British Isles, 199, Brittany, 63, 146;
Canada, 81;
cities, 94;
Denmark, 136;
Egypt, 128, 140;
Europe, 117 (central, 138–139, 141);
(eastern, 44);
(western, 44);
(during the Neolithic, 124);
France, 63, 64, 138, 140, 146, 194, 240, 251;
Gaul, 240;
Germany, 64, 72, 184, 232;
Greece, 65;
Holland, 136;
Italy, 64, 128, 140, 154, 157 (north, 141);
Ireland, 128, 137;
Lake Dwellings, 121;
Lorraine, 140;
Neolithic period, 136;
Norway, 136, 211;
Po valley, 157;
Rome, 154;
Russia, 136, 142–144;
Savoy, 146;
Sicily, 140;
Spain, 140;
Switzerland, 121, 135, 141;
Syria, 140;
Terramara, 122;
Tyrol, 141;
Würtemberg, 140;
maximum extension of, 136–137;
migrations, route of, 116;
mixed with Celts, 177;
with Nordics, 25, 35–36, 62, 135–136;
Nordicized, 130, 141, 147;
north of the Black Sea, 136, 144;
origin of, 134, 241;
original language of, 140, 235;
physical characters of, 35–36, 73;
racial aptitudes of, 227;
reinforced by others, 144;
replacing Nordics in Europe, 260;
resurgence of in Europe, 131, 146–147, 184, 190–191, 196, 210;
retreat of from northwest Europe, 136–138;
skull of, 62;
speech of, 64;
substratum in eastern Germany, 72;
underlying population, 136;
(in relation to Nordics in central Europe, 141);
unimportant in modern culture, 147.
Alps, 42, 123, 129, 174, 187;
Alpines in, 124;
lake dwellings in, 121;
Mediterraneans in, 149, 151;
Nordics in, 151.
Alsace, 182;
Alpines in, 140.
Amber, 125.
America, 6, 10, 14, 57;
change of religion in, 219;
genius in, 98;
immigrants to, 218;
in Colonial times, 46–48, 83–85;
Mediterranean element in, 45;
Nordic immigration to, 211;
Nordics in, 83, 84, 87, 89, 206, 231;
Norman type in, 207;
race development in, 262–263;
replacement of types in, 110;
result of immigration to, 11, 12, 72, 86, 89–94, 100, 209, 211;
Scandinavian element in, 211.
American aristocracy, 5;
characters, 26;
colonies, 10;
democracy, 6;
factories, 11;
farming and artisan classes, 11;
Indians, 33
(eliminated by smallpox, 55;
arrowheads of, 113);
mines, 11;
Negro, provenience of, 82;
Revolution, 6.
Americans, 5, 11, 12, 77, 83, 88–90, 100;
birth rate decline of, 46, 91;
brunet type of, 45, 150;
destruction of in Civil War, 88;
future race mixture of, 92–93, 100;
in competition with immigrants, 91;
individualism of, 12;
national consciousness of, 90;
Nordic element of, 88;
race consciousness among, 86;
southerners, 42;
typical hair shade of, 26.
Amerindian blood, 61.
Amerinds, 23, 31, 33, 34.
Amorites, 223.
Anak, sons of, 223.
Anaryan languages, 140, 194, 204, 233–236;
survivals of in Europe, 234–236, 240;
in Russia, 243;
in the British Isles, 246.
Anatolia, 21;
present population of, 225.
Anatolians, 237.
Andaman Islands, Negroids in, 149.
Angles, 177;
in Britain, 206, 248–249;
in England, 200;
in Scotland, 203;
origin of, 200.
Anglian blood of American settlers, 83.
Anglian type, 40.
Anglo-Norman type, 162.
Anglo-Normans of Ireland, 64.
Anglo-Saxons, 63, 67, 80, 154;
and genius, 109;
in Colonial America, 83.
Animals, domesticated, 112, 117, 122, 123, 138, 146, 240.
Antes, 141.
Anthropoid Apes, 101–102.
Anthropology, 3, 97;
in the British Isles, 249.
Apes, 101–102.
Aquitaine, Iberian language of, 194;
brunet elements from, 208;
and Celtic language, 248.
Aquitanian language, 140.
Arabia, 44, 152.
Arabic language, in Spain, 156.
Arabic race, 147.
Arabs, in Spain, 156.
Aral Sea; _see also_ Caspian-Aral Sea, 171, 254.
Argentine, 78.
Arian faith of the barbarians, 181.
Aristocracy, 5, 10, 140–142, 153–154, 187–189, 191–192, 196–197;
Alpine, 154;
Austrian, 141;
Bavarian, 141;
British, 247;
French, 140;
German, 141;
Greek, 153;
Italian, 189, 215;
military, 78;
Persian, 254;
Roman, 154;
Russian, 142;
Spanish, 192, 247;
Swabian, 141;
a true, 7, 8.
Aristocrats, 188, 191, 192, 197.
Aristotle, 226.
Armenians, 59, 63, 66, 238–239, 256;
language of, 238, 256.
Armenoid Alpines, 254.
Armenoids, 20, 134, 238, 254, 257.
Armies, conscript and volunteer, 198.
Armor, 120;
of the Romans, 154.
Armorica; _see also_ Brittany;
Alpines in, 251;
Celts in, 250–251.
Armorican language, 248, 251.
Armoricans, 250.
Arrow, in the Azilian Period, 115;
in the Palæolithic Period, 112, 115.
Art, Cro-Magnon, 112;
Magdalenian, 114;
in the Palæolithic Period, 112;
decline of in the Solutrean Period, 114.
Artois, 210.
Arya, 233–241.
Aryan deities, 253.
Aryan language or speech, 20, 61, 67, 130, 155, 161, 233;
and Alpines, 238;
associated with the Nordics, 234, 241–242;
diversity of, 242;
first appearance of in Europe, 246;
imposed upon the Alpines and Mediterraneans, 242;
in Armenia, 239;
in Asia, 253–263;
in Asia Minor, 238–239;
in the Caucasus, 238–239;
in Iran, 238–239;
introduced into Etruria, 244;
into Europe, 155;
into Greece, 203;
into India, 258;
into Media, 254;
into Spain, 192;
language of the Ossetes, 66;
of Hindustan, 67, 70;
origin of, 242–252;
place of development of, 243;
primitive 212;
Pre-Aryan, 204, 233, 235, 247;
Proto-Aryan, 61, 233, 238, 242–243.
Aryan race, 3, 67, 213.
Asia, 20, 21, 61;
Alpines in, 144;
area of man’s evolution, 13;
Aryan languages in, 253–263;
Aryanization of, 255;
blondness in, 224;
cradle of mankind, 100–101;
cradle of the Negro, 33;
early civilizations in, 119;
ethnic conquest of, 78;
(western) Hellenization of, 162;
(western) Macedonian dynasties of, 162;
Mediterranean languages in, 253;
Mediterranean race in, 148–149;
Mongols destroy civilization in, 260;
Negrito substratum in, 148–149;
Nordics in, 214, 224, 253–263.
Asia Minor, 20;
Alpines in, 127, 134, 136;
Armenians in, 256;
bronze weapons in, 127;
Cimmerians in, 254;
early iron in, 129;
Gauls in, 158;
Greek colonies in, 160;
Hellenized, 220;
invaded by Phrygians, 159;
Nordics in, 214, 225;
Turkish language in, 237.
Asiatic types, Europeanized, 144.
Asiatics, 22.
Assam, dialects of, 258.
Assyria, 147;
ancient civilizations of, 153;
languages of, 239.
Athenians, instability and versatility of, 229.
Athens, 160, 162.
Atlas Berbers, 25.
Atlas Mountains, 223.
Attica, and genius, 109;
Pelasgians in, 160.
Attila, 139, 250.
Augustus, Emperor, 51, 154, 216.
Aurignacian Period, 105, 108, 111, 112, 114, 132.
Australia, Nordic race in, 79.
Australians, 31;
opposing the Japanese and Chinese, 79.
Australoids, 33, 107;
hairiness of, 224.
Austria, 56, 183;
Alpines in, 210, 232;
Nordics in, 210;
present population of, 231–232;
Slavs in, 141.
Austrians, 57, 135.
Auvergne, Alpines in, 146;
ancient centre of population, 149.
Avars, 143–145;
language of, 236.
Avesta, 255.
Azilian Period (Azilian-Tardenoisian), 99, 105, 115–117, 132, 136;
and brachycephalics, 116;
and Mediterranean race, 117;
bow and arrow in, 113, 115.
Azilians, 113, 138.
Babylonia, 147;
ancient civilization of, 153.
Bactra, 119.
Bactria, language of, 255;
Mongolization of, 259;
Sacæ in, 259.
Baden, Alpines in, 140.
Bahamas, 39, 40;
English in, 40.
Balkan Peninsula, Albanians in, 153;
Illyrians in, 153;
Mediterranean substratum in, 152–153;
Nordics in, 189;
Slavs in, 143, 153.
Balkan Question, 156–157.
Balkans, 56, 57, 144;
Alpines in, 116, 124, 127, 136;
immigrants from, 89;
language in, 237.
Balkh, 119.
Balochi dialect, 255.
Baltic, coasts, Neolithic occupation of, 122–123;
Pre-Neolithic culture of, 117;
Provinces, 211, 212;
Race, _see_ Nordic race;
Russification of, 58;
Sea, 20, 37, 117, 122, 124, 151, 168, 169, 171, 173, 174, 180;
subspecies, 20;
_see also_ Nordic race.
Baluchistan, 148.
Bantus, 80.
Barbadoes, 39.
Bashkirs, 144.
Basques, 140;
language of and its affinities, 140, 234;
physical characters of, 234–235.
Bas-reliefs, 112.
Batavia, 210.
Batavians, 177.
Bavaria, Alpines in, 116, 141;
dolichocephalics in, 116.
Bavarians, 135, 141.
Beaker Maker type, 138, 164.
Bedouins, 100.
Belgæ, 145, 194–195, 200, 269;
in Britain, 251;
in England, 175;
in France, 175;
Gaul, 251;
Normandy, 251;
mixed with Teutons, 248;
language of, 251.
Belgians (modern), 195.
Belgium, 56, 64, 195;
divided into Walloons and Flemings, 57;
Alpines in, 116, 138, 140;
Walloons in, 146.
Benin, Bight of, 82.
Berbers, 25, 63, 152, 223;
language of, 204, 233;
related to the Spaniards and South Italians, 152.
Berserker, 231.
Bessarabia, Rumanian language in, 245.
Birth control, 48–49;
increase, 51;
privilege of, 6;
rate in upper and lower classes, 47–52, 91;
unconscious part played by church in, 52.
Black Belt of Mississippi, 76.
Black Breed of Scotland, 107.
Black Sea, 125, 136, 144, 165;
Alpines north of, 136.
Blends, 14.
Blond Hair, 24, 25.
Blond type, 24–26, 229, 230;
crossed with brunet, 14, 18, 26, 28, 202;
origin of, 214.
Blondness, 25, 26;
associated with glabrous skin, 32;
with red hair, 32;
of Ainus, 224;
of Albanians and Greeks, 163;
of Berbers, 223;
of Libyans, 223;
of Swiss, 136;
of Tamahu, 223;
in Asia, 224;
in Bosnia, 190;
in central Europe in Roman times, 131;
in Ireland, 201;
in literature as special trait, 229;
in Poland, 190;
in Russia, 190;
in Spain, 192;
of Christ, 230.
Blonds, mixed with brunets, 202.
Bohemia, 59, 183;
revolt of, 187;
loss of population in during Thirty Years’ War, 184.
Bohemian national revival, 58.
Bone-carving, 112.
Borreby type (_see_ Beaker Makers), 164.
Borussian language, 242.
Bosnia, 190.
Boundaries, of Catholics and Protestants, 185;
of Nordics and Alpines, 185–186;
of Eastern and Western Empires, 179.
Bow and arrow in the Paleolithic Period, 112, 113, 115.
Brachycephalic, as a term, 19;
races, first appearance of, 116.
Brachycephaly, 19, 116, 122, 127–128, 136–138, 144, 146, 151, 157, 172;
increase of in France, 197;
Russian, 136.
Brahmans, 257.
Brandenburg, population of, 72.
Brazil, Negro blood in, 78.
Brenner Pass, 189.
Brennus, 157.
Bretons, 62;
Asiatic origin of, 63.
Britain, 128, 131, 194;
Alpine invasion of, 239;
Angles in, 206, 248–249;
Aryan language in, 234;
Beaker Makers in, 138;
Belgæ in, 248, 251;
bronze in, 127;
Bronze Age in, 163;
Celtic language in, 247;
Celts in, 248;
Danes in, 249;
Goidels in, 174, 248;
iron in, 130–131;
land connection of, with France, 199;
with Ireland, 199;
loss of Roman power in, 250;
Mediterraneans in, 123, 127, 248;
(_see also_ British Isles and England)
Neolithic population of, 123;
Normans in, 249;
Norse in, 249;
Paleolithic population of, 123;
Proto-Mediterraneans in, 150;
race mixture in, 248;
racial composition of, 199;
Round Barrow Men in, 163;
Saxons in, 248–249;
Welsh in, 248–249.
British, 29;
native British stature, 29.
British Empire, 57.
British Isles (_see also_ Britain and England);
Alpines absent in, 63;
absence of round skulls in, 63, 137, 138, 247, 249;
anthropology of, 249;
brunets of, 28, 29, 149, 150;
conquered by Saxons, 180;
Celtic languages in, 249–250;
Iberian substratum in, 249;
invaded by Belgæ or Cymry, 199;
by Brythons, 199;
by Goidels, 199;
Mediterraneans in, 149, 198, 266;
Nordics in, 188, 199–206, 269, 271;
Saxon and Danish parts of, 88;
Saxons in, 180;
Teutonic languages in, 249;
Vikings in, 249.
Brittany, 81, 129, 146, 202, 248;
(_see_ Armorica);
Alpines in, 146, 267;
Armorican language in, 248;
Celtic language in, 250–252;
Celts in, 250–251;
dolmens in, 129;
megaliths in, 155;
ravaged by the Saxons, 251–252.
Bronze, 132, 155;
associated with Alpines, 128, 136;
composition and invention of, 126;
effect of, 127, 128, 129;
fabulous value of, 126;
implements, wide diffusion of common types, 128;
in Crete, 128;
in England, 128, 137;
in Ireland, 137;
in Italy, 127–128;
in megalithic monuments, 129;
in north Africa, 128;
in Scandinavia, 128;
in Sweden, 137;
introduction of, 157, 158;
on Atlantic coasts, 128;
absence of in dolmens, 127.
Bronze Period (Age), 120–122, 126–133, 137, 163, 174, 199, 213, 238,
267;
and Beaker Makers, 138;
in the South contemporary with the northern neolithic, 129.
Brunet, crossed with blond, 14, 18, 26, 28, 202.
Brunetness, among Greeks, 163;
in central Europe, 131;
in literature, as a special character, 229;
in England and America, 150, 153;
in Scotland, 150, 153, 204.
Brünn-Předmost race, 113, 114, 132.
Brutus, 217.
Brythonic elements, in Scotland, 203;
(Cymric) invasion, 247;
language, 248;
in France, 248;
in Wales, 205.
Brythons, 203, 247–249, 269;
on the continent, 174;
in England, 175, 200, 206;
in Ireland, 200, 206.
Bukowina, Rumanian language in, 245.
Bulgaria, Mongoloid characters in, 144;
Mediterraneans in, 153.
Bulgarian national revival, 58.
Bulgarians and Christianity, 65;
domination of in Thrace, 246.
Bulgars, 145.
Burgund, 142.
Burgundians, 70, 72, 145, 177, 194;
in Gaul, 180.
Burgundy, 30, 182–183.
Byzantine Army, 189;
Empire, 65, 165–166, 179, 181, 189, 221, 237, 246;
decline of, 221;
Greeks in, 165.
Byzantium, 92, 166.
Cacocracy, 79.
Cæsar, 69, 140, 182, 193–195, 200, 217, 221, 248, 251.
Caithness, 249.
Calabrian, language, 244.
California, 11, 75.
Californians, 79.
Caligula, 217.
Campignian Period, 120, 121;
culture of, 132.
Canada, 23;
Nordics in, 81;
French Canada, 47.
Canadians (French), 11, 47, 58, 81;
origin of, 81;
Alpine character of, 81;
language of, 81;
(Irish), 11;
Indian, 9, 87.
Cantabrian Alps, 140, 267.
Carpathian Mountains, 124, 136, 141, 142, 143, 244–245.
Carthage, 126, 165, 180;
ancient civilization of, 153.
Carthaginians, 228.
Caspian Sea (_see also_ Caspian-Aral Sea), 171, 257.
Caspian-Aral Sea, 170, 214, 225, 254, 258.
Cassiterides, 127.
Cassius, 217.
Castes, 70.
Castilian language, 156, 244.
Catalan language, 156, 244.
Catholic boundaries in Europe, 185.
Catholic colonies, the half-breed in, 85.
Caucasian race, 3, 32, 34, 65, 66, 67;
hair of, 34;
in the United States, 65;
origin of the name, 66.
Caucasus, 66, 144, 225, 238–239, 253;
Cimmerian raids in, 254;
Nordics in, 214, 258.
Caucasus Mountains, 66, 214, 257.
Cavalier type, 185.
Caverns of France and Spain, 112, 132.
Celtiberians, 192;
language of, 234.
Celtic dialects, 62, 130.
Celtic languages, 62;
antedating Anglo-Saxons in England, and Romans in France, 63;
in Spain, 155, 234;
Celtic and High German, 189;
Celtic in France, 194, 248;
Celtic language of the Nordics, 194;
first crosses the Rhine westward, 246;
introduced into Britain, 247–250;
in Brittany, 250–251;
in Gaul, 250;
descendants of, 250;
remnants of, 155–156.
Celtic Nordics, 139.
Celtic race, 3, 62–64.
Celtic-speaking nations, 130, 131, 139, 173–177, 189, 192, 199;
physical characters of, 175.
Celtic tribes, 250;
in Armorica, 251.
Celto-Scyths, 174.
Celts, 62, 63, 194;
in the Rhine valley, 174;
in the Danube valley, 174;
expulsion of from Germany, 174;
physical characters of, 175;
mixed with Mediterraneans and Alpines, 177;
“Q” and “P,” 247–248.
Central America, 61, 75.
Centum group of Aryan languages, 256.
Cephalic index, 19–24;
in England, 137;
increase of in France, 197.
Cereals, 138.
Ceylon, 258;
Mediterranean race in, 148;
Negroids in, 149;
Veddahs in, 149.
Châlons, battle of, 250, 272.
Channel coasts, 201;
depression of, 199.
Characters, unit, 13 _et seq._
Charlemagne, 182, 187, 191, 195;
capital of, 182;
coronation of, 182;
empire of, 182;
language of the court of, 182.
Charles V, 183.
Charles Martel, 181.
Chase, the, 122.
Chellean Period, 104–105, 132;
Pre-Chellean, 104–105.
Cherbourg, 201.
China, whites in, 78.
Chinese, 11, 79, 119, 260;
in California and Australia, 79;
Nordic elements among, 224.
Chinese civilization, 119.
Chinese coolie, 11.
Chinese Turkestan, Wu-Suns in, 260;
Tokharian language in, 260.
Chivalry, 228.
Christ, 227;
blondness of, 230.
Christianity, 181–183, 221–222.
Chronological table, 132–133.
Chronology, Hebrew, 4.
Church, and birth control, 52;
harboring defective strains, 49–50.
Church of Rome and democracy, 85.
Cimbri, 177.
Cimmerians, 173, 189, 214, 225, 253, 258, 269.
Cinque cento, 215.
Circassians, 237.
Cisalpine Gaul, 157.
Cities, consumers of men, 209;
Alpines in, 94;
Mediterraneans in, 94, 209;
Nordics in, 94, 209.
Civil War, 16, 42–43, 81, 86, 88, 218.
Civilization, foundation of European, 164, 165;
and race mixture, 161;
of Nordics and Mediterraneans, 214–216.
Climate and arboreal man, 101.
Climatic conditions, 38–42, 215.
Cnossos, 165.
Colonial American families, 46–48, 51, 83–85.
Colonial population, of America, 48, 83, 84.
Colonial Wars, causes of, 85.
Colonies, American, Nordic blood in, 84;
Catholic, in New France and New Spain, 85.
Colonization, 93.
Columbaria, 220.
Competition of races, 46–55.
Conquistadores, 73, 193.
Conscript Armies, 197–198.
Constantine, 166.
Constantinople, 166 (_see_ Byzantium).
Consumption, 55.
Continuity of physical characters, 262.
Copper, 125, 132;
in Egypt, 125;
first appearance of in Europe, 122;
implements, 121;
mines, 125.
Cornish language, 248.
Cornwales, 178.
Cornwall, 178;
racial types in, 206;
Phœnicians in, 127.
Cotentin, 201.
“Crackers,” 39.
Cretans, 228.
Crete, 99, 165;
ancient civilization of, 153;
bronze in, 128;
Hellenes in, 162;
Minoan culture of, 99, 164;
Pre-Aryan language, remnants in, 233.
Crimea, 176;
Gauls in, 174.
Croats, 143.
Cro-Magnon, race, 105–107, 108–115, 132;
and art, 112, 114;
and Esquimaux, 112;
cranial capacity of, 109;
culture of, 111–113;
direction of entrance of, into Europe, 111;
disappearance of, 110–111, 115;
disharmonic features of, 110;
distribution of, 111;
first appearance of, 108, 111;
genius of, 109;
in France, 265;
origin of, 111;
race characters of, 108–109;
remnants of, 15, 110;
skull of, 15, 110;
weapons of, 112, 113.
Crossing, brunets and blonds, 14, 18, 26, 28, 202.
Crucifixion, in art, 230.
Crusades, 182, 191.
Cuba, 76.
Culture, European, derivation of, 164.
Cumberland Mountains, 39.
Cymric invasions, 174;
(Brythonic), 247.
Cymric language, 248;
Anaryan syntax of, 204;
in Britain, 248;
in central Europe, 248;
in Normandy, 251;
in Wales, 205.
Cymry, 145, 174, 205–206, 247, 269, 271;
and La Tène, 131;
in Britain, 175, 200;
in France, 175, 251.
Cyprus, mines of, 125;
Mycenæan culture of, 164.
Cyrus, 254.
Czechs, 143.
Da Vinci, Leonardo, 215.
Dacia, 245.
Dacian Plain, 176, 244–245;
occupation of, 143.
Dalmatian Alps, 30;
coast, 138.
Danes, 69, 145, 177, 196, 206, 211;
along the Atlantic coasts, 180;
in Britain, 249;
invasion of, 201;
Nordic, 64;
of Ireland, 63–64, 201;
of Schleswig, Germanization of, 58–59.
Danish barbarians, identified with Normans, 252;
Danish blood of American settlers, 83;
Danish Peninsula, 200.
Dante, 215.
Danube, 244–245;
Alpines, in valley of, 116, 127, 136, 167;
lake dwellings of, 121, 122;
Nordics in, 174;
routes of, 125.
Dardanelles, 256.
Darius, 254–255;
Nordic type, 258.
Dark Ages, 99.
Dart, barbed, 112;
poisoned, 113.
David, fairness of, 223;
mother of, 223–224.
Dawn Man, 105.
Dawn stones, 102–103.
DeGeer, Baron, 169.
Delphi, Galatians at, 158.
Democracy, 5, 8, 10, 12, 78, 79;
and socialism, 79.
Democratic forms of government, 5.
Denmark, Alpines in, 136, 211;
kitchen middens of, 123;
Maglemose culture in, 117, 123, 169;
Teutons from, 174.
Dinaric race, or type, 138, 163–164, 190.
Diogenes, 227.
Diseases, 54, 55.
Disharmonic combinations of physical characters, 14, 28, 35, 110.
Dnieper river, 143.
Dog, the, domesticated, 117, 123;
Paleolithic, 112.
Dolichocephalic, as a term, 19;
Dolichocephalics, earliest races in Europe, 116.
Dolichocephaly, 24, 107, 108, 114, 116, 122, 136, 148–149, 151, 172.
Dolichocephs and megaliths, 129.
Dolmens, of Brittany, absence of bronze in, 129.
Domesticated animals, 117, 122–123, 138.
Dominion of Canada, 81.
Dordogne, stature in, 198.
Dorian dialects, 164, 243;
invasion of Greece, 99, 159–160.
Dorians, 159–160, 164, 189, 269.
Dravidians, 148, 257;
mixed with Mediterraneans, 150.
Dutch, 61;
in the East Indies, 78;
in New York, 80, 84;
in South Africa, 80.
East Indies, whites in, 78;
Dutch in, 78.
Eastern Empire of Rome, 165–166, 176, 179, 221.
Ecclesiastics among Normans, brachycephalic, 208.