Every child in Switzerland has heard of the Golden Age, long, long ago,
when no ice or snow covered the mountains. Then grass grew, and flowers
bloomed, clear up on the highest summits. Those barren and rocky
heights, such as we see now, where nothing can live, but the big horned
woolly ibex, were unknown; for they were then clothed with forests and
verdure. One could walk all the way up to the peak’s top, amid
beautiful trees, lovely shrubs and blossoming plants and sweet-smelling
herbage.
Summer then reigned for at least ten months in the year. The cows
grazed on the delicious aromatic grass, that makes the breath of kine
so sweet. Where now are only masses of snow and ice, and rivers called
glaciers, were flowery meadows, full of birds and bright dragon flies,
and musical with bees, crickets and singing insects. Then the cows were
so big and fat, that they gave their milk, that was rich in cream,
three times a day. Pastures were everywhere, and nobody went hungry,
for food was as cheap as leaves or pebbles.
The old people still tell us that, during this period, all that one had
to do was to ladle out the milk from tanks, as large as ponds, or pick
big red cherries, by putting out your hands. Then the fairies were
happy. On every moonlight night, they held dancing parties in the
meadows.
But by and bye, the terrible Frost Giants, that live up around the
North Pole, heard of this Land of a Thousand Mountains, where the chief
rivers of Europe were born and still have their cradles. Then these
greedy fellows that in winter tie up all things fast, or freeze them
solid, except for a few hours on warm days, when the sun is shining,
said one to the other:
“Come on, fellows, let us go down and conquer this mountain country,
that is so rich in honey, and cream, and flowers. We shall pile up the
snow flakes, leagues high, and freeze solid the falling snow and cold
water. We shall turn these into sheets of ice, that will cover the land
thousands of yards thick, and kill all living things. We shall drive
off all the flowers, blow the grass away, and chill the noses of the
cows, so that they cannot graze. That will prevent men from having
houses, and milk churns, and stores of cheeses. We must drive off the
hens, too, so the people can have no eggs. If the sun tries to stop our
work, we’ll laugh at him, so we will.”
Thus spoke the Frost King, while the mists rolled out in clouds from
his mouth, as he boasted of what he could do.
“Yes, yes, indeed we shall,” cried all the Frost Giants, and a shower
of snow flakes and ice particles filled the air, for even their icy
breath turned solid and was deadly to all plants.
When the North Wind blew down the news to the Swiss fairies, there was
much sadness and even terror. Where could the fairies dance, when the
meadows were gone and the flowers dead?
How could they float in the air, clad only in gauzy garments? How could
they see each other, if mist and storm and darkness filled the air, and
ice covered the ground? And how could they live without the blossoms?
One fairy actually wept tears, in sympathy for the poor cows, that were
certain to starve. And as for the children, whom the fairies loved,
where could they play, if there were no fields to play in, or roses or
violets to pick?
One bold fairy looked defiance and spoke out loud in the meeting:
“I’m not afraid of these Frost Giants, from the North Pole. They are
nothing but big, boasting bullies. Let our Fairy Queen change me into a
flower, and clothe me warm enough, and I’ll defy even the Frost King to
hurt me.”
“Bravo, bravo!” cried all the fairies in chorus.
“But how could you stay all the time up there, with no living thing
near you, and all alone? You will have no neighbors, except the rocks
and crags, and even they will be all bare, and swept by the fierce
winds. Can you stand that?” asked an old fairy, doubtingly.
“Yes, if for nothing else, than to show that we fairies are not afraid
of the Frost Giants, I should be willing to live alone. Besides, our
fairy queen will see that, by and bye, there will be others like me,
and then I shall have company. The more of us, the merrier, I am sure.
In a few thousand years, we’ll make an army and a victorious one, too.”
Seeing this brave one, of her company, so ready and willing, the Queen
of the Fairies put on her thinking cap. She spent a whole night in
planning how to turn this volunteer fairy into a flower. Then she would
bundle her up in furs, and dress her so warmly, that even the biggest
and coldest of the Frost Giants could not kill her with his icy breath.
And this was the way this volunteer, from the fairy ranks, was clothed
and made ready to fight, in the long war with cold and storm, so that
for ages, this little thing has been able to live far up on the
mountain heights and, all the time, to smile and be joyful, and laugh,
in the face of the Frost Giants. In fact, so happy is she, among the
rock crags and sunshiny crannies, and so amused at herself, in looking
down over the terrible precipices, to the rocks, thousands of feet
below, that she would not exchange places or climates, with even the
cloves and nutmegs; no, not even with the tea roses and coffee blossoms
in the Spice Islands of the southern seas.
Now it is customary in all happy families, when father and mother are
expecting the cradle soon to be filled, to choose a name for the baby,
and to have its clothes ready. This is done, so that the poor little
thing, on coming into the world, will not get a chill, or sneeze, or
have a cough, and die. Moreover, if it have a name, no one will mistake
one baby for another, unless they arrive as twins, when some mark, such
as a blue ribbon for a boy, and a pink one for a girl, is necessary.
So the old fairies put their heads together, to find a proper name for
the new fairy flower-baby, that was to live among the cold mountain
tops and refuse to be frightened, or frozen, or be driven down lower,
or to be cuddled up in meadows, near men’s houses, where it was warm.
“What say you?” asked the Queen, of the wisest of the fairies, who was
considered a sort of sage or prophet, and who had a wonderfully long
head. “What name do you give?”
With a loud voice, almost like a roar, this fairy, that wore clothes
the color of an old man’s beard, called out “Anawphilis Margarita.”
At this, every fairy looked at each other, as if to say, “What a
mouthful,” “How strange a name,” or “So big for a little fairy!” or
“Why does she talk Latin?”
There were questions in their eyes also, but none asked “What does the
name mean?” for all fairies are very shy about confessing ignorance.
But the Fairy Queen, who knew almost everything, put on a look of great
dignity, and discreetly inquired, of the sage, if her everyday talk was
in Latin. She did not mean to be sarcastic, however.
“Why would you call me by the ‘Pearly Lion’s Foot,’ if I were to
volunteer?” asked a bright young fairy.
“For two reasons, your Majesty,” answered the old oracle, addressing,
not the young volunteer, but the Queen, as was proper.
“First, to reward valor and virtue, by giving an august name; and
second, to let the Frost Giants, the insolent fellows from the North
Pole, know, that when even one of us fairies puts her foot down, it is
like a lion’s. No one can move, or lift, or push, or drive it away. We
thrust forward this fairy flower, as our banner, to say to the enemy,
‘We shall not surrender, and we defy you!’”
The Fairy Queen, full of admiration, replied:
“We bow to your wisdom, and so it shall be written in our books.
Nevertheless, both mortals and fairies must have also a short name for
everyday use. How about the second, or personal part, Margarita?”
“As you will, your Highness, but may I suggest even a better term, in
the speech of the mortals of this mountain land? They will love
anything that you may clothe and adorn, I am sure.”
After this ending of her speech, the wise old fairy curtsied most
politely.
The Fairy Queen looked very lovely, as thus flattered, by the fine
tact, and the charming speech, of this oldest member of the family;
and, besides, as she loved the brave Swiss nation, she said.
“You are always wise. So please let me have a name that will be popular
with the Swiss people.”
“Well, your highness, if it be your pleasure, we shall clothe your pet
in purest white, like ermine, rivalling even the snow, without spot, or
stain, or any dark tint. So, we may justly call it, the Edelweiss, that
is, the Noble White.”
At this, all the fairies shouted with delight. Even the Queen herself
smiled, and then made answer.
“You have well spoken; ‘Edelweiss’ it shall be.”
Now that the name was ready, the Queen called for the attendant maids
of the brave fairy volunteer and, then and there, the custom was begun,
which mortals always afterwards followed, of robing a princess, who was
to marry a husband in a foreign country. She must drop off all her
former clothing, even to her glistening skin. Then, entering another
room, in the new land, she must apparel herself in the garments that
are fashionable in her new home—as in the case, for example, of the
Belgian lady, who, long afterwards, came as a bride to the Castle of
the Hawk, in the Land of the Swiss.
Stripped of all her pretty gauzy skirts, bodice, and chemise, and
standing forth as nude as a baby in the bath tub, the Queen bade her
brave fairy look at her new wardrobe, which lay piled up and as white
as any snowdrift. Then, before all the other fairies, the Queen put
this question:
“Are you willing, to leave the company of your fellows in fairy land,
and be a flower, to remain rooted in the rocks, and amid the cold
forever?”
“Yes, truly, with all my heart,” answered the brave one.
“And will you cast seed every year and multiply your family, that will
bear your noble name?”
“Surely, for the more of us there are, and the more we can resist the
cruel enemy, the Frost Giants, and make mortals glad, the happier we
shall be.”
“You have spoken wisely,” said the Queen. “We shall clothe you very
thickly, in white robes, that look like flannel, but that are even
warmer. So, no giant can hurt you, when he bites with frost, no snow
storm chill you, or ice choke you, or North Wind make you shiver. We
shall give you roots, that dig their way down deep in the crannies, and
that will nourish your life. Besides, we have searched the world over,
and, whatever of hair, or fur of arctic animals, or wool of sheep, or
down of birds can show or suggest to us, we have used to weave a
garment so warm, that the biggest of the giants, with the iciest breath
and a beard of icicles, cannot even give you a chill. With your long
hair, and woolly coat, and roots that resist frost bites, you can
tickle his nose when he comes too near and even laugh in his face.”
“Indeed I will,” answered the fairy defiantly.
“And will you do even more? Will you keep your eye on the cracks and
crevices, that hold the sun’s warmth, so that your children can creep
up higher every year?” asked the Queen.
“The sun in the heaven helping me, I will,” replied this “Fairy of the
Vanguard,” as some of her sisters already spoke of her.
Then the Queen lifted her wand tipped with a star. She touched the
forehead of the Fairy of the Lion’s Foot, which was her war name; while
in the talk of mortals, she was called Noble White, though still the
fairies, quite often, use the name Margarita.
Then they stood fairy Edelweiss on a pile of rocks, filled in with sand
and earth, to show the others where, and how, in the new world,
Edelweiss was to live and grow and enlarge her kingdom.
It was a strange and wonderful transformation, as the fairy’s pretty
feet turned into rootlets, that quickly thrust themselves deeply
downwards, gripping the rough rock and drinking in the moisture and
juices in the soil. Grandly the Edelweiss showed her pride, in
belonging to the great family which a famous man first named after the
Little Frogs, because they love moist, damp and soft places.
Yet all this was beneath.
Above, there first rose a stalk, a few inches high, until it reached
half a foot. Then the arms multiplied and stretched out. They were
densely covered, like sleeves of overcoats, with thick coverings, each
resembling white flannel, or velvet, and as warm as the fur of an
ermine.
“Looks as if she had on an ulster,” said one of the many fairies, some
of whom thought she looked too sweet for any use.
And yet, so far, there was no real flower, but only a defence, like
armor, against those worst enemies of a plant, cold and frost.
“Now for beauty and for glory,” said the Queen.
Out of, and on top, the dense star-like mass of warmth and coziness, as
if robed for a skiing or skating party, there blossomed forth many
round-headed tufts, or rosettes, that were pearly white.
Now, not only thickly clothed, but beautiful and strong, the Noble
White was given a home at once in a rock cranny. Like a new-born baby,
that, as soon as it arrives, sticks its thumb in its mouth, as much as
to say, “This world is all right; I am going to like it,” the Edelweiss
rooted itself at once and began to grow.
Years passed by, and the lovely white flower, flourishing where only
the chamois and the ibex among animals lived, or the red Alpine rose
could bloom, multiplied. Like a brave army, it moved steadily forward,
occupying every crevice, cranny and hollow. These the hardy plants
held, like forts, against all cold comers; yes, even resisting the
avalanches, that tried to crush these little strangers.
In a few hundred years, thousands of the Noble White plants dotted, or
made beautiful, the bare rocks, or hung over the precipices. In vain
did the icy breath of polar winds, or the blasts of the rude Frost
Giants, or even the hurtling avalanches, drive the Edelweiss away. Nor
was the hot south wind, the Föhn able to wither it.
Swiss maidens made this flower the emblem of their own purity, and also
of the tenacity of faithful lovers. At the wrestling and shooting
matches, the young men wore its flowers in their hats, or twisted them
among the ropes, which marked off the boundaries of their games and
wrestling bouts. To heroes, it was the symbol of perseverance,
endurance and that quiet force which compels victory. Patriots so loved
it, because of its resisting power—the spirit of advance instead of
retreat—that they would gladly make it the national flower.
Switzerland—the Edelweiss among nations—has held its own for ages,
maintaining her life and independence despite the alien power of
invaders and tyrants, and the Swiss still sing their national hymn,
“Stand fast, O Fatherland!”
So also Edelweiss, the Noble White, remains forever as the Swiss emblem
of their republic, and of its beauty and permanence. To destroy this
flower, the Frost Giants make their continual assaults in vain. Just as
mighty monarchs have tried again and again to overwhelm, as with
avalanche of invasion, the freedom of the Swiss, and have always
failed, so the Edelweiss never yields. Its white banner hangs forever
on the heights. To every boy and girl, it is, as a living motto,
bearing, amid snow and ice, the message of Excelsior—Higher yet and
ever onward!