BOOK XIV. HSIEN WAN.

CHAP. I. Hsien asked what was shameful. The Master

said, 'When good government prevails in a state, to be thinking

only of salary; and, when bad government prevails, to be

thinking, in the same way, only of salary;-- this is shameful.'

【第五章】子曰、有德者、必有言、有言者、不必有德、仁者、必有勇、勇

CHAP. II. 1. 'When the love of superiority, boasting,

resentments, and covetousness are repressed, this may be

deemed perfect virtue.'

2. The Master said, 'This may be regarded as the

achievement of what is difficult. But I do not know that it is to

be deemed perfect virtue.'

CHAP. III. The Master said, 'The scholar who cherishes

the love of comfort is not fit to be deemed a scholar.'

CHAP. IV. The Master said, 'When good government

prevails in a state, language may be lofty and bold, and actions

the same. When bad government prevails, the actions may be

lofty and bold, but the language may be with some reserve.'

CHAP. V. The Master said, 'The virtuous will be sure to

speak correctly, but those whose speech is good may not

always be virtuous. Men of principle are sure to be bold, but

those who are bold may not always be men of principle.'

CHAP. VI. Nan-kung Kwo, submitting an inquiry to

Confucius, said, 'I was skillful at archery, and Ao could move a

boat along upon the land, but neither of them died a natural

death. Yu and Chi personally wrought at the toils of husbandry,

and they became possessors of the kingdom.' The Master made

no reply; but when Nan-kung Kwo went out, he said, 'A

superior man indeed is this! An esteemer of virtue indeed is

this!'

CHAP. VII. The Master said, 'Superior men, and yet not

always virtuous, there have been, alas! But there never has

been a mean man, and, at the same time, virtuous.'

【第九章】子曰、為命、裨諶草創之、世叔討論之、行人子羽修飾之、東里

【第十章】【一節】或問子產。子曰、惠人也。【二節】問子西。曰、彼哉

CHAP. VIII. The Master said, 'Can there be love which

does not lead to strictness with its object? Can there be loyalty

which does not lead to the instruction of its object?'

CHAP. IX. The Master said, 'In preparing the

governmental notifications, P'i Shan first made the rough

draught; Shi-shu examined and discussed its contents; Tsze-yu,

the manager of Foreign intercourse, then polished the style;

and, finally, Tsze-ch'an of Tung-li gave it the proper elegance

and finish.'

CHAP. X. 1. Some one asked about Tsze-ch'an. The Master

said, 'He was a kind man.'

2. He asked about Tsze-hsi. The Master said, 'That man!

That man!'

3. He asked about Kwan Chung. 'For him,' said the Master,

'the city of Pien, with three hundred families, was taken from

the chief of the Po family, who did not utter a murmuring

word, though, to the end of his life, he had only coarse rice to

eat.'

【十三章】【一節】子路問成人。子曰、若臧武仲之知、公綽之不欲、卞莊

子之勇、冉求之藝、文之以禮樂、亦可以為成人矣。【二節】曰、今之成人

者、何必然、見

CHAP. XI. The Master said, 'To be poor without

murmuring is difficult. To be rich without being proud is easy.'

CHAP. XII. The Master said, 'Mang Kung-ch'o is more than

fit to be chief officer in the families of Chao and Wei, but he is

not fit to be great officer to either of the States Tang or Hsieh.'

CHAP. XIII. 1. Tsze-lu asked what constituted a

COMPLETE man. The Master said, 'Suppose a man with the

knowledge of Tsang Wu-chung, the freedom from covetousness

of Kung-ch'o, the bravery of Chwang of Pien, and the varied

talents of Zan Ch'iu; add to these the accomplishments of the

rules of propriety and music:-- such a one might be reckoned a

COMPLETE man.'

2. He then added, 'But what is the necessity for a

complete man of the present day to have all these things? The

man, who in the

【十四章】【一節】子問公叔文子於公明賈曰、信乎、夫子不言不笑、不取

乎。【二節】公明賈對曰、以告者過也。夫子時然後言、人不厭其言、樂然

view of gain, thinks of righteousness; who in the view of

danger is prepared to give up his life; and who does not forget

an old agreement however far back it extends:-- such a man

may be reckoned a COMPLETE man.'

CHAP. XIV. 1. The Master asked Kung-ming Chia about

Kung-shu Wan, saying, 'Is it true that your master speaks not,

laughs not, and takes not?'

2. Kung-ming Chia replied, 'This has arisen from the

reporters going beyond the truth.-- My master speaks when it

is the time to speak, and so men do not get tired of his

speaking. He laughs when there is occasion to be joyful, and so

men do not get tired of his laughing. He takes when it is

consistent with righteousness to do so, and so men do not get

tired of his taking.' The Master said, 'So! But is it so with him?'

CHAP. XV. The Master said, 'Tsang Wu-chung, keeping

possession of Fang, asked of the duke of Lu to appoint a

successor to him in his family. Although it may be said that he

was not using force with his sovereign, I believe he was.'

CHAP. XVI. The Master said, 'The duke Wan of Tsin was

crafty and not upright. The duke Hwan of Ch'i was upright and

not crafty.'

CHAP. XVII. 1. Tsze-lu said, 'The Duke Hwan caused his

brother Chiu to be killed, when Shao Hu died with his master,

but Kwan Chung did not die. May not I say that he was wanting

in virtue?'

曰、未仁乎。【二節】子曰、桓公九合諸侯、不以兵車、管仲之力也、如其

【十八章】【一節】子貢曰、管仲非仁者與、桓公殺公子糾、不能死、又相

2. The Master said, 'The Duke Hwan assembled all the

princes together, and that not with weapons of war and

chariots:-- it was all through the influence of Kwan Chung.

Whose beneficence was like his? Whose beneficence was like

his?'

CHAP. XVIII. 1. Tsze-kung said, 'Kwan Chung, I

apprehend, was wanting in virtue. When the Duke Hwan

caused his brother Chiu to be killed, Kwan Chung was not able

to die with him. Moreover, he became prime minister to Hwan.'

2. The Master said, 'Kwan Chung acted as prime minister

to the Duke Hwan, made him leader of all the princes, and

united and rectified the whole kingdom. Down to the present

day, the people enjoy the gifts which he conferred. But for

Kwan Chung, we should now be wearing our hair unbound, and

the lappets of our coats buttoning on the left side.

3. 'Will you require from him the small fidelity of

common

【十九章】【一節】公叔文子之臣、大夫僎、與文子同升諸公。【二節】子

【二十章】【一節】子言衛靈公之無道也、康子曰、夫如是、奚而不喪。【二

節】孔子曰、仲叔圉治賓客、祝鮀治

men and common women, who would commit suicide in a

stream or ditch, no one knowing anything about them?'

CHAP. XIX. 1. The great officer, Hsien, who had been

family-minister to Kung-shu Wan, ascended to the prince's

court in company with Wan.

2. The Master, having heard of it, said, 'He deserved to be

considered WAN (the accomplished).'

CHAP. XX. 1. The Master was speaking about the

unprincipled course of the duke Ling of Wei, when Ch'i K'ang

said, 'Since he is of such a character, how is it he does not lose

his State?'

2. Confucius said, 'The Chung-shu Yu has the

superintendence of his guests and of strangers; the litanist, T'o,

has the management

陳恆弒其君、請討之。【三節】公曰、告夫三子。【四節】孔子曰、以吾從

大夫之後、不敢不告也、君

of his ancestral temple; and Wang-sun Chia has the direction of

the army and forces:-- with such officers as these, how should

he lose his State?'

CHAP. XXI. The Master said, 'He who speaks without

modesty will find it difficult to make his words good.'

CHAP. XXII. 1. Chan Ch'ang murdered the Duke Chien of

Ch'i.

2. Confucius bathed, went to court, and informed the

duke Ai, saying, 'Chan Hang has slain his sovereign. I beg that

you will undertake to punish him.'

3. The duke said, 'Inform the chiefs of the three families

of it.'

4. Confucius retired, and said, 'Following in the rear of the

great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter,

and my prince says, "Inform the chiefs of the three families of

it."'

曰、告夫三子者。【四節】之三子告、不可、孔子曰、以吾從大夫之後、不

5. He went to the chiefs, and informed them, but they

would not act. Confucius then said, 'Following in the rear of the

great officers, I did not dare not to represent such a matter.'

CHAP. XXIII. Tsze-lu asked how a ruler should be served.

The Master said, 'Do not impose on him, and, moreover,

withstand him to his face.'

CHAP. XXIV. The Master said, 'The progress of the

superior man is upwards; the progress of the mean man is

downwards.'

CHAP. XXV. The Master said, 'In ancient times, men

learned with a view to their own improvement. Now-a-days,

men learn with a view to the approbation of others.'

CHAP. XXVI. 1. Chu Po-yu sent a messenger with friendly

inquiries to Confucius.

2. Confucius sat with him, and questioned him. 'What,'

said he, 'is your master engaged in?' The messenger replied,

'My master is

anxious to make his faults few, but he has not yet succeeded.'

He then went out, and the Master said, 'A messenger indeed! A

messenger indeed!'

CHAP. XXVII. The Master said, 'He who is not in any

particular office, has nothing to do with plans for the

administration of its duties.'

CHAP. XXVIII. The philosopher Tsang said, 'The superior

man, in his thoughts, does not go out of his place.'

CHAP. XXIX. The Master said, 'The superior man is modest

in his speech, but exceeds in his actions.'

CHAP. XXX. 1. The Master said, 'The way of the superior

man is threefold, but I am not equal to it. Virtuous, he is free

from anxieties; wise, he is free from perplexities; bold, he is

free from fear.

2. Tsze-kung said, 'Master, that is what you yourself say.'

【卅四章】【一節】微生畝謂孔子曰、丘何為是栖栖者與、無乃為佞乎。【二

CHAP. XXXI. Tsze-kung was in the habit of comparing

men together. The Master said, 'Tsze must have reached a high

pitch of excellence! Now, I have not leisure for this.'

CHAP. XXXII. The Master said, 'I will not be concerned at

men's not knowing me; I will be concerned at my own want of

ability.'

CHAP. XXXIII. The Master said, 'He who does not

anticipate attempts to deceive him, nor think beforehand of his

not being believed, and yet apprehends these things readily

(when they occur);-- is he not a man of superior worth?'

CHAP. XXXIV. 1. Wei-shang Mau said to Confucius, 'Ch'iu,

how is it that you keep roosting about? Is it not that you are an

insinuating talker?'

2. Confucius said, 'I do not dare to play the part of such a

talker, but I hate obstinacy.'

【卅六章】【一節】或曰、以德報怨、何如。【二節】子曰、何以報德。【三

子曰、不怨天、不尤人、下學

CHAP. XXXV. The Master said, 'A horse is called a ch'i, not

because of its strength, but because of its other good qualities.'

CHAP. XXXVI. 1. Some one said, 'What do you say

concerning the principle that injury should be recompensed

with kindness?'

2. The Master said, 'With what then will you recompense

kindness?

3. 'Recompense injury with justice, and recompense

kindness with kindness.'

CHAP. XXXVII. 1. The Master said, 'Alas! there is no one

that knows me.'

2. Tsze-kung said, 'What do you mean by thus saying--

that no one knows you?' The Master replied, 'I do not murmur

against

【卅八章】【一節】公伯寮愬子路於李孫、子服景伯以告、曰、夫子固有惑

志於公伯寮、吾力猶能肆諸市朝。【二節】子曰、道之將行也與、命也、道

Heaven. I do not grumble against men. My studies lie low, and

my penetration rises high. But there is Heaven;-- that knows

me!'

CHAP. XXXVIII. 1. The Kung-po Liao, having slandered

Tsze-lu to Chi-sun, Tsze-fu Ching-po informed Confucius of it,

saying, 'Our master is certainly being led astray by the Kung-po

Liao, but I have still power enough left to cut Liao off, and

expose his corpse in the market and in the court.'

2. The Master said, 'If my principles are to advance, it is

so ordered. If they are to fall to the ground, it is so ordered.

What can the Kung-po Liao do where such ordering is

concerned?'

【卅九章】【一節】子曰、賢者辟世。【二節】其次辟地。【三節】其次辟

【四一章】子路宿於石門、晨門曰、奚自。子路曰、自孔氏。曰、是知其不

CHAP. XXXIX. 1. The Master said, 'Some men of worth

retire from the world.

2. Some retire from particular states.

3. Some retire because of disrespectful looks.

4. Some retire because of contradictory language.'

CHAP. XL. The Master said, 'Those who have done this

are seven men.'

CHAP. XLI. Tsze-lu happening to pass the night in Shih-

man, the gatekeeper said to him, 'Whom do you come from?'

Tsze-lu said, 'From Mr. K'ung.' 'It is he,-- is it not?'-- said the

other, 'who knows the impracticable nature of the times and

yet will be doing in them.'

CHAP. XLII. 1. The Master was playing, one day, on a

musical stone in Wei, when a man, carrying a straw basket,

passed the door

曰、有心哉、擊磬乎。【二節】既、而曰、鄙哉、硜硜乎、莫己知也、斯已

【四三章】【一節】子張曰、書云、高宗諒陰三年不言、何謂也。【二節】

of the house where Confucius was, and said, 'His heart is full

who so beats the musical stone.'

2. A little while after, he added, 'How contemptible is the

one-ideaed obstinacy those sounds display! When one is taken

no notice of, he has simply at once to give over his wish for

public employment. "Deep water must be crossed with the

clothes on; shallow water may be crossed with the clothes held

up."'

3. The Master said, 'How determined is he in his purpose!

But this is not difficult!'

CHAP. XLIII. 1. Tsze-chang said, 'What is meant when the

Shu says that Kao-tsung, while observing the usual imperial

mourning, was for three years without speaking?'

2. The Master said, 'Why must Kao-tsung be referred to

as an example of this? The ancients all did so. When the

sovereign died, the officers all attended to their several duties,

taking instructions from the prime minister for three years.'

【四五章】子路問君子、子曰、修己以敬。曰、如斯而已乎。曰、修己以安

【四六章】原壤夷俟、子曰、幼

CHAP. XLIV. The Master said, 'When rulers love to

observe the rules of propriety, the people respond readily to

the calls on them for service.'

CHAP. XLV. Tsze-lu asked what constituted the superior

man. The Master said, 'The cultivation of himself in reverential

carefulness.' 'And is this all?' said Tsze-lu. 'He cultivates

himself so as to give rest to others,' was the reply. 'And is this

all?' again asked Tsze-lu. The Master said, 'He cultivates

himself so as to give rest to all the people. He cultivates himself

so as to give rest to all the people:-- even Yao and Shun were

still solicitous about this.'

CHAP. XLVI. Yuan Zang was squatting on his heels, and

【四七章】【一節】闕黨童子將命、或問之曰、益者與。【二節】子曰、吾

so waited the approach of the Master, who said to him, 'In

youth not humble as befits a junior; in manhood, doing nothing

worthy of being handed down; and living on to old age:-- this is

to be a pest.' With this he hit him on the shank with his staff.

CHAP. XLVI. 1. A youth of the village of Ch'ueh was

employed by Confucius to carry the messages between him and

his visitors. Some one asked about him, saying, 'I suppose he

has made great progress.'

2. The Master said, 'I observe that he is fond of occupying

the seat of a full-grown man; I observe that he walks shoulder

to shoulder with his elders. He is not one who is seeking to

make progress in learning. He wishes quickly to become a man.'

衛靈公第十五