FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT
I have mentioned these already under different headings, where they
materially affected the size, shape, lighting, or situation of rooms.
I shall not go into an enumeration or description of different outfit,
because there are so many specialists, so many tastes, so many systems
in different libraries, that selection of the latest and best devices
offered by dealers accessible to the librarian is very easy. But a few
general remarks on one or two articles, may properly be included in a
general discussion on planning.
In the first place, never allow the furniture, fixtures or fittings
to be chosen primarily for architectural effect, but for special use
and fitness in every detail. In material, in shape, in hue, have them
harmonize with the surroundings, for in such harmony lies the most
effective and the least expensive beauty. Here, the taste of the
architect can be of the utmost assistance. But, if possible, bar out what
has been called “architectural” furniture, even if money can be spared
for it. Heavy show-pieces, hard to move, hard to use, inconvenient,
uncomfortable, wasteful of space, are an abomination in any library.
As to proportion of expenditure, Duff-Brown[381] allows eighteen per cent
of total cost for fittings and furniture. He suggests, however, that
fittings which are fixtures should be counted as part of the permanent
structure. Perhaps this qualification explains the different estimate of
Champneys,[382] who allows only ten per cent for furniture.
Bostwick[383] also recommends that fixtures be included in the general
contract, and movables (which he specifies) be bought separately. He
makes an excellent suggestion, that where this is done, a piece of the
material to be matched, in its finished form, be sawed in two, and one
piece handed to each contractor, so that the furniture and fixtures will
match exactly. How important this is will be realized at many libraries,
where the tint of fittings meant to match, often “swears.”
Miss Ahern, editor of Public Libraries, writes to me, in answer to an
inquiry:—
“I believe in putting technical equipment outside the lines of library
building and architecture. A builder cannot make it as well as a
specialist in library equipment.”
My experience leads me to endorse her advice most heartily. I would say
further, what she probably modestly refrains from saying, on account
of her business connections, I would get the catalogues of The Library
Bureau, ask and take their advice, and give them the preference where
their prices are as low. I say this (I have not even an acquaintance
with their present management) because theirs was the first attempt to
serve libraries on this line intelligently, and I have understood that
many years of altruistic experiment, advised by good librarians, were
spent before they even met their expenses; so that their services merit a
reward.
Miss Marvin[384] gives a “Typical List of Furniture” for a small
building, with prices ruling in her section at the time she wrote. She
fears, however, that she may have erred toward too great economy, “cheap
furniture being unsightly as well as unprofitable as an investment.”
One matter apparently often forgotten in planning is the matching or
contrasts of color, furniture as well as woodwork, shelving, and walls
and lamp shades. Not only is the general cheer and comfort of the library
secured by harmonious environment, but eyesight is deeply concerned in
soft and soothing effects. Here observation and taste may effect wonders
in planning for both “utilitas” and “venustas.”
Tables
These deserve a separate chapter; they are used everywhere.
“Good, plain, solid,” epitomizes Champneys.[385]
“Use small tables and light chairs instead of the large heavy tables and
‘artistic’ chairs, conformed to the style of the building, but awkward in
use.”—_Fletcher._[386]
“The old style of long tables is now thought cumbersome,” says
Bostwick.[387] This I endorse, though architects prefer large tables in
large rooms, as more in proportion. He advises small, rectangular or
circular tables for not more than six readers each. I doubt the circular
in libraries where space is scant. They waste room.
“Should not be too long, or if double not too narrow.”—_Duff-Brown._[388]
“Tables for four give readers a feeling of privacy.”—_Eastman._
For this reason I rather incline to slightly sloping desks for two, like
school desks, in reading rooms; all facing one way; all with a low back
and sides, with a fillet at the front, to keep books and papers from
falling; with extension slides or trough drawers for open books at each
side of each reader. This form, it seems to me, combines a minimum of
space for desk and passages, with a maximum of convenience and seclusion
for readers. In the hours when the room was not thronged, there would
be a desk to a reader. If the desks were rightly faced and the windows
and lamps well arranged, no reader need have direct rays of light in his
eyes, nor dazzling reflection from his paper.
As regards height of tables and space to a reader, see Eastman,[389]
Marvin,[390] Bostwick,[391] Champneys,[392] Duff-Brown[393] and
Carr.[394] They differ slightly, and each librarian would best experiment
and judge for himself.
The British Museum has a kind of voting booth for each reader, with 4
feet 2 inches width of desk, high back and side screens for privacy.
Cornell has something similar, but most libraries cannot afford so much
space or such provisions for privacy.
Polished tops for tables (glass tops are sometimes inset) promote
cleanliness, but are apt to give dazzling reflections of light.
One general caution echoed by many authorities warns against bottom cross
rails between table legs. The scraping of readers’ feet against them is
noisy, drops mud on the floor, and soon wears down the rails.
Many libraries have umbrella racks at the end of the tables, and here
the owners can certainly have an eye on them. But if a coat room cannot
be provided with an umbrella stand, cannot such a self-locking rack be
placed in a lobby, as is seen in many restaurants?
Umbrellas are damp and unsightly as neighbors, and they occupy space
readers might use.
“Readers’ tables should invariably have hinged flaps for writing, and
slides to be drawn out to enlarge book space.
“There should be standing desks also.”—_Edwards_, Free Town
Libraries.[395]
Perhaps there was a demand by readers for standing desks in England forty
years ago when Edwards wrote, but few people want to stand now in America
while reading or writing. A fixed standing ledge against any vacant
stretch of wall near directories, dictionaries or the like, might be a
convenience.
Chairs
Chairs are an important element in comfort. Strong enough for rough and
constant use they must be. Graceful, or at least not ungainly, they ought
to be and in most libraries they cannot be superfluously large. Indeed,
there are many places where room can be saved by using stools, even fixed
revolving stools. In some places armchairs (simple, not upholstered) will
make readers more comfortable. For instance, in places where they can
take up a book or magazine while reading and lean on the arms. Where a
table is used to lay the book on, armchairs are not necessary, and they
always need more room than plain chairs.
For a small library, the simplest kind of strong, bent-wood chairs
suffice. Wood “saddle” seats, or rattan, are recommended rather than any
upholstery, in larger libraries. To prevent noise, rubber tips to shoe
the legs—the kind that screw in rather than slip on, are recommended.
Where there is no special coat room, hat racks underneath and such
wire coat racks on the back, as are often used on theatre seats, are
conveniences. Mr. Foster has these in the Providence Public Library, but
he tells me they are not much used.
Chairs look better if they match each other, the tables, and the
shelving, in material, style and color.
In planning it is wise after you have decided how many seats you want
in each room, to have the architect sketch a floor plan and draw in
shelving, tables and chairs, allotting to all the space which experience
has taught is required for each reader in each room, as you intend to
run it; and then carefully study the positions of the furniture and the
dimensions of all the passages, checking results by examination of plans
and visits to libraries which you think are satisfactory, until you are
satisfied that you have reached the maximum of convenience with a minimum
waste of space. A few hours’ time spent in this apparently trivial matter
may mean much in ease of administration for years to come.
Delivery Desks
In the very small library, where every expense must be watched, all the
furniture may have to be of common shapes and material, such as can be
bought at the nearest furniture store. But as soon as any necessary
luxury can be afforded, build or buy a specially designed charging and
delivery desk, for this is the center and heart of almost all libraries
of any size or any class. Do not have it built by a local carpenter, but
wait until you can buy it from an experienced cabinet maker, or better,
from a first-class library fittings expert. Study catalogs and plans to
see what comes nearest to your needs and methods. If you find within your
means a model which entirely suits you, get it. But if using of that or
other makes of desks, or trying your own methods, or suggestions of other
librarians, have led you to think that some modifications would suit
better, it will not cost much more to have them made in the style which
otherwise pleases you. Indeed, if your wants are wise, you will find
that a dealer may meet them without extra charge, in the hope that his
desk will thus commend itself to other librarians. Only by this gradual
study put into form by clever librarians, can the ideal desk be gradually
evolved.
See articles in the Library Journal, 19, 368; 21, 324; 22 (Conf.).
See dimensions, Carr, 18 L. J. 225, Duff-Brown 105.
From the foregoing remarks on points of contact between library and
public it will be seen that many of these are localized at a single
point—the loan desk. “This point may be regarded as the heart of a public
circulating library.”—_Bostwick._[396]
“_It may happen that the position and size of this desk may
determine in conspicuous particulars the character of the whole
building._”—_Idem._[397]
Catalog Cases
As the card system has been so universally adopted in America, and worked
out to such standards of size that the most convenient makes, dimensions
and sizes of cases for every grade of library are kept in the market in
all large cities, there is no need of describing them here. But I would
make some suggestions as to how they may influence planning.
Cases for small libraries may not need a special base, but can be used
on any table, flat desk or ledge. As the library grows, it needs more
cases, and a special base, such as all makers furnish, may be wanted.
As cards, like books, are more easily used when they can be seen by the
reader without craning or stooping, their increase is better met by
broadening than by piling up, until wall space fails. In the first form
of base used, it is better to utilize the space under the table, not so
much in the cupboards or open spaces suggested in some catalogs, as in
the upright or flat shelving of the quartos or folios (such as atlases)
not handled so often as to interfere seriously with use of the cards, the
primary purpose of the cases. This space beneath should certainly be put
to some use wherever space is precious.
One form of catalog case frequently used is double-faced, set in the
partition between the delivery room and the cataloguer’s room, the
drawers pulling both ways, so that they can be used alternately in either
room.
In planning, the first thing is to calculate how many cards, drawers
and cases are needed for the number of books now in the library, and
the annual increase probable, for at least ten years ahead; better
twenty-five years, if there is wall or floor room which will be vacant
that long. Then comes the very important decision, vitally affecting
the size of the room, perhaps its location, and the disposition of the
windows and lights; namely, where is the best possible location for the
catalog, considering accessibility, supervision and help? Provision for
growth can be lateral or up and down, or both. When the drawers get to be
more than three or four in a tier, some provision must be made in front
of or beside them for a ledge or narrow table on which they can be laid
when taken out for inspection. In small libraries the combined catalog
case and atlas rack can be built so that the table will form a ledge on
all sides, for this use, without other provision.
Good location and light for the public catalog make one test of the
excellence of your plan.
Bulletin Boards
One thing often forgotten in planning is to leave available wall space
where necessary bulletins can be hung and easily read,—a practical detail
not always seen by the artistic eye. Everyone has seen dome and rotunda
libraries, all columns and no wall.
In planning, however, it is not hard to assign opportunities in spaces
sufficiently well lighted, but of no use otherwise, for hanging bulletin
boards, or so treating walls as to serve that purpose without special
boards. Lobbies, vestibules, corridors, stairways, spacious delivery
rooms, even railings outside, invite such use. In England, want-lists are
cut out from the daily papers, mounted on boards, and thus hung outside
the library for inspection by the unemployed.
Places for bulletins should also consider—they do not always—near-sighted
people, and the undersized. Even in such unprosaic matters, careful
planning in every phase can promote the usefulness of the library. I
remember being shown about a new dome library in the west, where the
librarian turned in distress and asked, “Do tell me _where_ I can put
up my bulletins or lists.” The only thing I could suggest was that she
should get her architect to design a Parisian kiosk, to be set in the
centre of the useless floor space, under the wasted heights of the dome;
and use the exterior of the kiosk for bulletins, the interior for the
brooms, for which no closet had been provided.
Miss Marvin[398] suggests spaces over radiators, shelves, periodical
cases, and book bins. An ordinary screen, like those used in bar-rooms
in any “wide-open” town, placed in the center of vestibule or hall would
offer two sides for lists and bulletins posted at any convenient height.
If you have seen how masts going up through the cabins of river boats or
coasters are backed with mirrors, you have a hint where to put bulletin
boards in buildings on which columns have been inflicted.
Other Fittings
These vary so much with the grades and classes of libraries, they change
so much as inventions are made from time to time, that I go into no
further details here, but advise librarians who build to examine each
item they want to use, in the light of the last improvements and the
experience of fellow-librarians.
[Burgoyne gives thirty-two pages, illustrated, to English devices.]
Clocks, thermometers and barometers are especially recommended by
Duff-Brown.[399] Clocks (noiseless) will be useful in many rooms, also
thermometers, but we do not watch barometers so much in the United States
as our English cousins do.
A page in your note book devoted to furniture and gear, when you start
out on a reconnoissance among other libraries, will fix many fleeting
impressions which may come into use later.
And in your trips may sharp eyes and keen common sense travel with you!
F.
APPENDIX
_In this Appendix are printed quotations from the outlines for planning
two of the largest of recent libraries, both public._
F.
APPENDIX
CONCRETE EXAMPLES
By permission of the librarians of the New York Public Library and of
the Brooklyn Public Library, I print here extracts from their respective
“Terms of Competition” (already printed in pamphlet form) for the
building just completed, and “General Suggestions to the Architect” for
the building soon to be erected. The latter, hitherto unpublished, is
very full, and is cross referenced and annotated, therefore likely to
prove especially helpful.
I thus present practical details of the planning of two large recent
American library buildings, in the hope of throwing a fresh light on the
problems I have treated.
It will be noticed that one of these libraries was built after an
architectural competition; the other has been planned, and will be built,
after the method preferred in this book, selection of the architect at
the outset, without competition.
Librarians, architects and building committees about to plan a very large
library may review their subject in these summaries; and those engaged
in less extensive plans may select the rooms and combinations which meet
their own needs.
The side headings and italics are mine.
C. C. S.
TERMS OF COMPETITION
THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY
Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations.
=Plan of Competition.= In May, 1897, the Committee announced that it
proposed to obtain plans by means of two consecutive competitions. An
open competition was to be first held. The Committee was then to choose
from the authors of the twelve most meritorious sketches certain of the
competitors, not more than six in number; and the persons thus selected,
with not more than six other persons or firms thereafter to be named by
the Committee, were to be invited to take part in a second restricted and
paid competition.
=Cost and Jury.= Each of the competitors will be paid $800, as the
estimated cost to them of the drawings required.
The drawings will be judged by a jury of seven persons consisting of
three practising architects to be selected by the competitors themselves,
three members of the Board of Trustees to be hereafter named by the
Board, and the Director of the New York Public Library.
=Experts.= The Trustees also reserve the right of appointing consulting
engineers to whom all construction drawings and all drawings relating
to heating, ventilation and electrical apparatus shall be submitted for
approval before they are carried into execution.
=Plans to File.= The architect shall furnish to the Trustees, upon
completion of the building, a full set of drawings exhibiting all
essential particulars of its design and construction, for future
reference.
=Light.= All rooms used by the public or for clerical purposes must
have as much daylight as possible. The windows should run nearly to the
ceilings, and in the reading rooms should not come within five feet of
the floor. They should be large and little obstructed by framework.
The book stacks also should receive as much daylight as possible; but it
is not expected entirely to dispense with the use of artificial light in
the book stacks.
=Heat and Air.= The building should be heated by steam applied in part
through hot water, and at least 1,500 cubic feet of fresh air per person
per hour, for all occupied rooms must be warmed, introduced and properly
distributed by mechanical means, and flues must be provided of such size
that a velocity of 6 feet per second will furnish the above amount.
=Material.= The floors in the main halls, corridors and exhibition rooms
are to be of marble, tile or mosaic; in the Trustees’ and Director’s
Rooms of wood or parquetry; and in the book stacks of white marble slabs.
In the Reading Rooms and Administration Rooms the floors may be of brick
or concrete, as they will be covered with a thick cork carpet or other
noiseless material.
The building must be thoroughly fireproof.
For the purposes of this competition it is to be assumed that the
building will be constructed of masonry, except the book-stacks; that
the so-called skeleton construction of iron will not be employed; and
that the external walls will be faced with Indiana limestone—although, as
hereinafter stated, that material may not be finally adopted.
The Trustees are advised that the majority of librarians regard brick as
the best material from a practical point of view, and the competitors are
invited to say whether in their judgment it can be so used as to secure
for this building the dignity and monumental character that is desired.
It is believed that ample opportunity will exist for architectural and
decorative effect; but it is desired that the Reading Rooms at least
should be plainly treated.
=Tentative Plans.= In instituting, in the month of May, a Preliminary
Competition under substantially the same requirements, the Trustees
submitted a set of diagrams showing a tentative arrangement which was
suggested as a possible solution of the problem, but one for which they
entertained no special prepossessions. The important features of the
interior as there shown, placed the main reading rooms on the third
floor, and the book-stacks immediately below them along the west front
of the building. This plan, which embodied the results of considerable
study, has since then been subjected to the critical examination of
the leading librarians of the country, and has also been carefully
reconsidered by the Committee and their professional advisers in the
light of the abundant illustration afforded by the plans submitted in the
Preliminary Competition.
=Details.= The Lending Department must be distant from the reading rooms,
and must be provided with easy and direct access from the street. The
Children’s Room, and the Periodical and Newspaper Rooms, must be provided
with similar easy access and should probably be on the first floor. The
Accession Department must have direct communication with that portion of
the main stack which is on the same level, and also with the catalogue
room—either directly or by means of a lift. The delivery desk in the
public reading rooms must be central and so situated as to overlook each
of the large public reading rooms. The machinery for bringing books from
the stacks must be as direct and simple as possible.
=Stacks.= The book stacks occupy two stories and the basement and have
the Reading Rooms in a third story above them. This arrangement gives
the Reading Rooms the maximum amount of light, brings the stacks into
easy and direct communication with them, and allows of the extension of
the building towards the west at some future day, by enlarging both the
stacks and the Reading Rooms simultaneously and proportionately, with a
comparatively small enlargement of the portions of the building devoted
to administrative and other uses.
=Working-rooms.= The administration is concentrated on the south side of
the building. A private entrance for the use of employees is provided,
and also a driveway from the street to admit of the passage of carts
containing books or stores. The boilers, engines, dynamos and coal vaults
are placed outside of the building and below the level of the 40th
Street sidewalk. In the basement near the driveway are the storerooms,
book-bindery, printing room, and rooms for packing and exchanging books
and for issuing them to branch libraries. Above are receiving rooms for
books, accessions department, cataloguing room, and order and checking
department. Between the administrative part of the building and the part
open to the public, come the rooms for the Director and the Trustees.
In the basement, near the Forty-second Street entrance, which will be
approximately on a level with the sidewalk, is the delivery room for the
Lending Department, running up into the first story. It is next to the
book stacks, and occupies the lower part of the northern area or open
court, and is lighted from above.
=Floors.= The different floors of the building are to coincide with the
level of the floors of the book stacks. The floors of the book stacks
are to be seven feet and six inches apart, from top to top. The basement
and second stories of the building will accordingly be fifteen feet in
height, from floor to floor, being two stacks high; and the first story
will be twenty-two feet and six inches, or three stacks in height.
The smaller rooms in the first story may have rooms over them in a
mezzanine. The floor of the basement story will be a step or two above
the 42d Street sidewalk at the entrance.
=Conditions.= The arrangement of rooms in the basement on the southwest
corner, above indicated, permits the packing and ready distribution of
books for the lending branches to be hereafter established. The central
portion of the basement between the two courts affords a suitable
location for the ventilating machinery of the building. The special
reading rooms for students on the second and third floors, while in easy
communication with the main stack, are removed from the main reading
rooms and from the portion of the building most frequented by the public.
The main reading rooms on the third story are removed from dust and
noise, and enjoy the best form of light from above. _It is considered
preferable not to have the rooms very lofty_, and the skylights should
be large so as to diffuse the light as much as possible. _Domes are
accordingly not desired._
=Stack Light.= The arrangement of the stacks affords a reasonable amount
of light, and does not make the stacks wholly dependent on artificial
light, which will be expensive and in other respects objectionable.
SCHEDULE OF ROOMS.
A.
Reading Rooms Freely Open to the Public.
I. Main Reading Rooms. In the main public reading rooms space
for at least 800 readers will be required, with an allowance of
30 sq. ft. per reader, exclusive of space required for catalogs
and reference shelving, or about 26,800 square feet in all.
This space should be divided into three rooms, so arranged that
only one need be used at a time, but that all can readily be
served from one delivery counter, which should be central and
close to the main stacks.
There should be at least 3,500 feet (linear) of shelving for
free reference books in these rooms and the Card Catalogue,
occupying at least 150 sq. ft., must be provided for near the
delivery desk.
In all the reading rooms and wherever else it is required,
shelving must not be more than seven shelves in height.
This gives seven feet of shelving for each running foot of
wall-space. Where there is not enough wall-space for the amount
of shelving called for, stacks of double shelves, back to back,
may be employed, either projecting from the walls, or standing
free in the room.
The ceilings of the reading rooms should be kept as low as is
consistent with pleasing proportions. There should be no waste
spaces to be heated and kept clean.
It is not desired that these reading rooms should be show rooms
so as to attract sight-seers.
II. Periodical Room, 4,000 sq. ft.; 1,500 linear feet of
shelving. This room must be upon the first floor.
III. Newspaper Room, about 4,000 sq. ft. area, on first floor.
Store room for bound newspapers adjacent, either in main stack
or separate room.
IV. Patents Room, 2,500 feet of shelving; 25 readers, 3,500 sq.
ft.
V. Public Document Rooms, 4,000 sq. ft.
VI. Children’s Room, 4,000 sq. ft.; 1,000 feet of shelving; 80
readers.
VII. Library for the Blind, 800 sq. ft.; 20 readers; 225 feet
of shelving; on first floor.
B.
Reading Rooms for Scholars and Special Students.
(Admission by card.)
VIII. Special Reading Rooms, 5 or 6 rooms, each with 1,000 to
1,500 feet of shelving; and from 1,800 to 2,000 sq. ft.; on
second and third floors.
IX. Manuscript Department, 1 store room, 800 sq. ft.; 1 reading
room for 6 readers, 340 sq. ft.; 1 librarian’s room, 340 sq. ft.
X. Music Room, 1,600 feet of shelving; 800 sq. ft.
XI. Bible Room, 1,000 feet of shelving; 800 sq. ft.; 6 readers.
XII. Map Room, 1,000 sq. ft.
XIII. Special Work Rooms for special students, 8 rooms, each
150 sq. ft. with 100 linear feet of shelving.
C.
Lending Department.
XIV. Lending Delivery Room. Delivery counter at least 60 feet
long; seats for 150 waiting; 2,000 feet of shelving; catalog
space; bulletin boards; about 16,000 sq. ft. Small reference
collection here.
The stack of books in this room should be close to the main
stack, and have machine communication with the delivery desks
in the main reading rooms. Basement floor.
D.
Exhibition Rooms Open to the Public.
XV. Picture Gallery, 5,000 sq. ft. (The Lenox Gallery is 40 ft.
× 56 ft.)
XVI. Stuart Collection Room, 5,000 sq. ft., must be on same
floor with the Picture Gallery and with easy access to main
Reading Room.
XVII. An Exhibition Room for the History of Printing, etc.,
4,000 sq. ft. May be on the first story, and some smaller rooms
for the same purpose may be provided on the third story.
E.
Administrative Rooms not Open to the Public.
XVIII. Trustees’ Room, 800 sq. ft., near the Director’s rooms,
with a large safe for the Secretary, and open fireplace.
XIX. Director’s Rooms. 1 office, 900 sq. ft.; 1 private room
with lavatory, 600 sq. ft. Near to Trustees’ Room; also to
Order Room. Open fireplaces.
This must come between the Public and the Administrative part.
XX. Order Department, 2,600 sq. ft.; 300 feet of shelving.
Between Director’s Office and Cataloguing Room.
XXI. Cataloguing Room, 2,800 sq, ft.; 1,000 feet of shelving.
To connect easily with Order Room, Receiving Room, Accessions
Room and Stacks and Printing Office. Cloak Room and Lavatory
for Women appended.
XXII. Accessions Department, 1,800 sq. ft.; 150 feet of
shelving. To connect with Cataloguing Room and with Stacks.
XXIII. Receiving and Checking Room for Books, 1,500 sq. ft.;
600 feet of shelving. To connect with Packing and Delivery
Rooms, and with Cataloguing Room, by elevator.
XXIV. Packing and Delivery Room, 500 feet of shelving. On
driveway; easy connection with Receiving Room and with
Duplicate Room; also with store-room for boxes in cellar. 3,600
sq. ft.
XXV. Duplicate and Exchange Room, 50 ft. × 60 ft.; 3,000 sq.
ft.; 4,000 linear feet of shelving; may be in base of stack.
Easy connection with Packing Room.
XXVI. Main Stack Room for 1,500,000 Volumes; 187,500 linear
feet of shelving. This amount of shelving (allowing for proper
ventilating arrangements and dust tubes) can be contained in
six tiers of stacks, each tier being 240 ft. × 75 ft. with
5-foot corridor all around, 5-foot corridor on long axis, and
15-foot corridor on short axis, straight stairs at ends and at
centre. Stacks 5 ft. between centres, 7 ft. 6 in. in height;
ends of stacks 5 ft. from windows.
XXVII. Binding Department. 2,400 sq. ft., with Stock Room 250
sq. ft. Furnace flue required.
XXVIII. Printing Office, 1,200 sq. ft. Stock Room, 200 sq. ft.
Furnace flue required.
XXVII and XXVIII to be on south front, next each other, with
small dumb waiter connection with Cataloguing Room and separate
chimney flues.
XXIX. Business Superintendent’s Office, 400 sq. ft., two rooms,
safe in one.
XXX. Photograph Rooms 500 sq. ft. Top floor. Skylight to North.
Dark room. Printing room.
XXXI. Lunch Rooms, one for boys and attendants; one for
librarians and assistant librarians, etc. Basement, 800 sq. ft.
Chimney flue.
XXXII. Class Room, to seat about 150; 850 sq. ft. To be near
the Director’s Room.
XXXIII. Stock and Store Room, general. 400 sq. ft.
XXXIV. Eight or Ten Rooms, of about 200 sq. ft. each, for store
rooms and special work rooms = 1,600 sq. ft. One for scrub
women.
XXXV. Central Telephone Office for the house.
XXXVI. Engineer’s Department. Boiler rooms; Dynamo room;
Work-shop; Engine room; Living rooms for Janitor—30,000 sq. ft.
XXXVII. Boilers, Engines and Dynamos to be outside the
building, in vault about 120 ft. × 40 ft., south of building
and near its S. W. corner, with coal vaults extending beneath
sidewalk.
XXXVIII. Dust Tubes and Closets, with electric fans; to be
arranged in stacks, and for open reference shelves.
F.
Miscellaneous.
XXXIX. Two Reception Rooms. One for staff, 600 sq. ft. One for
visitors, 600 sq. ft.
XL. Women’s Room, 200 sq. ft., with lavatory, on third floor.
XLI. Two Cloak and Parcel and Bicycle Rooms, 600 sq. ft. each,
near Forty-second Street entrance.
XLII. Public Telephone Room, 60 sq. ft. Main Hall.
XLIII. Public Lavatories and W. C. Two in the Basement and two
on the 3d Floor.
Staff lavatories and W. C. are to be provided, two in basement,
four on second floor.
There must be wash-stands in or near children’s room,
cataloguer’s room, packing room and receiving room, arranged on
the main lines of plumbing.
XLIV. Elevators, two or more, for use of public in Main Hall.
One in Administrative portion. Book lifts.
BROOKLYN PUBLIC LIBRARY CENTRAL BUILDING.
GENERAL SUGGESTIONS TO THE ARCHITECT.
=General.= These suggestions are intended for the purpose of assisting
the Architect in working out his plans, and in no way to hamper him. It
is possible the Architect may find a different arrangement of rooms more
suitable to the building which he plans, and while it is desirable that
he conform as nearly as possible to the suggested arrangement it is not
necessary to follow it closely.
=Estimates.= In submitting preliminary plans the approximate cost in the
shape of estimate from at least three reputable builders should be given
exclusive of heating, lighting, ventilation, book stacks and all fixed
furniture.
=Guides.= The number of stories should include sub-basement, basement,
and as many stories above the ground as will comport with the Memorial
Arch and surrounding buildings, providing at the same time adequate
capacity for the needs of a Central Library Building. Your attention is
called to the report of the Consulting Architect, Prof. A. D. F. Hamlin
to the Central Building Committee under date of March 25, 1905; and of
the reports of Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., made to the Brooklyn League
under date of October, 1905, and of Messrs. Carrere and Hastings to the
Mayor of New York, under date of November, 1905, and _the comparative
table of accommodations of various library buildings as prepared by
the Brooklyn Public Library._ All these documents should be studied
preliminary to the preparation of plans.
=Requisites.= _Architectural effect should be subordinate to utility
and convenience._ Consideration should be given to the probabilities of
extensions to the building.
The prime essentials for the library building are light and ventilation.
The building should be lighted on all sides by natural light. Walls which
face open courts should be of light colored material.
The building should be thoroughly fireproof.
The whole building is to be piped and wired for both gas and electric
lighting.
The decoration of the reading rooms should be very simple.
Wall space should not be occupied by heating pipes.
All halls and stairways should be ample and well lighted.
The dimensions given may be considerably varied provided they are not
materially reduced. All rooms should be so planned as to provide wall
shelving 3 feet in the clear without loss of space and without any
architectural obstruction.
Grouping of Rooms According to Use.
(_a_) Public rooms.
(_b_) Work rooms.
(_c_) Executive rooms.
(_d_) Stack.
(_e_) Mechanical service.
A. PUBLIC ROOMS.
Children’s room.
Delivery room (Circulation Dept.).
Registration room.
Reading Rooms
(_a_) Reference.
1. General.
2. Statistical Dept.
3. Patents.
4. Music.
5. Art books.
5_a_. Bell collection.
6. Manuscripts.
7. Maps.
8. Public documents.
9. Restricted and rare books.
10. Prints room.
11. Photograph room.
(_b_) Periodicals.
1. General.
2. Scientific.
3. Store room for unbound back numbers.
4. Bound magazines—or space in stack.
5. Newspapers.
Public catalog.
Club rooms.
Study rooms.
Auditorium or Exhibition room.
Lunch room (Restaurant).
Public reception.
Stenographer.
Telephone.
Writing and copying rooms.
Coat room.
Toilets.
B. WORK ROOMS.
Superintendent of Building’s office.
Engineer’s rooms.
Janitor’s rooms.
Janitor’s living rooms.
Scrub women’s rooms.
Binding.
Repair room.
Printing plant.
Work Rooms (staff).
Supply Department.
Store room for supplies.
Book Order Department.
Packing room.
Delivery stations room.
Apprentice class room.
Cataloguing Department.
Library of Congress Card Catalog room.
Traveling Libraries Department.
Interchange Department.
Foreign Book Department.
Work Rooms (Special Rooms for Staff).
Two lunch rooms.
One staff sitting room.
One staff meeting room.
Butler’s pantry, kitchen, etc.
C. EXECUTIVE OFFICES.
Trustees’ room.
Committee room.
Librarian’s Public office.
Librarian’s Private office.
Librarian’s Secretary’s office.
Stenographer’s room.
Assistant Librarian’s office.
Supt. of Branches office.
Finance Department.
Offices of the Superintendents of Cataloguing, Children’s,
Traveling libraries, Supply Department, connected with
their respective departments.
D. STACK.
Stock room accommodations for books purchased and unassigned.
Storage room for little used books.
E. MECHANICAL SERVICE.
1. Public telephone.
2. Interior telephone.
3. Book carrier.
4. Pneumatic tubes.
5. Elevators.
6. Book lifts.
SUGGESTED FLOOR ARRANGEMENTS AND DIMENSIONS OF ROOMS.
By a proper grouping of rooms it may be possible for one
attendant to temporarily supervise several rooms.
Stack.
An allowance of 10,000 sq. ft. on each floor will provide
accommodation for 1,600,000 volumes.
Separate Building or Sub-Basement.
Heating, ventilating and lighting plant.
Basement.
Janitor’s work room 300 sq. ft.
Engineer’s room (office) 300 ”
Engineer’s work room 400 ”
Scrub women’s room 300 ”
Store room for supplies 1,000 ”
Bindery 5,000 ”
Printing plant 3,000 ”
Auditorium or Exhibition Room 4,500 ”
--------------
14,800 sq. ft.
Ground Floor.
Book Order Dept 3,000 sq. ft.
Supply Dept 2,500 ”
Packing room 1,500 ”
Delivery Station room 1,000 ”
Repair room 1,200 ”
Library for the Blind 2,000 ”
Supt. of Building—office 500 ”
Coat and parcel room 600 ”
Public telephone room } { 300 ”
Public reception room } combine { 300 ”
Telephone switch board 200 ”
Public toilet rooms 700 ”
Private toilet rooms 700 ”
Lockers for 200 employees 600 ”
Newspaper reading room 2,500 ”
--------------
17,600 sq. ft.
Main or First Floor.
Children’s room 5,000 sq. ft.
Delivery room (open shelves) 3,000 ”
Executive offices 4,900 ”
Trustees’ room 900 sq. ft.
Committee room 400 ”
Librarian’s public office 400 ”
Librarian’s private office 500 ”
Librarian’s Secretary’s office 400 ”
Stenographers’ room 600 ”
Assistant Librarian’s office 400 ”
[400]Supt. of Branches office 300 ”
Finance Department 1,000 ”
Reading rooms—Periodicals 4,000 ”
Reading rooms—Scientific periodicals 400 ”
Reading rooms—Store room for unbound back numbers 600 ”
--------------
17,900 sq. ft.
Second Floor.
Reference room 10,000 sq. ft.
Special reference rooms as follows:—
Statistical Dept. 800 sq. ft.
Patents room 2,500 ”
Map room 1,500 ”
Public documents room for readers 1,200 ”
Restricted and rare books 400 ”
Public catalog 1,500 ”
Public writing and copying rooms 800 ”
--------------
18,700 sq. ft.
Third Floor.
Music room 1,500 sq. ft.
Prints room 800 ”
Art book room 2,000 ”
Manuscripts 800 ”
Photographic room 400 ”
Photographic dark room 120 ”
Apprentice class room 2,500 ”
Staff meeting room 1,000 ”
Bell collection 1,200 ”
Study and club rooms (3 or 4) 1,200 ”
Cataloguing Dept. 5,000 ”
Library of Congress Card Catalog room 1,000 ”
Traveling Library Dept. and Interchange 600 ”
--------------
18,120 sq. ft.
Mezzanine Floor.
Staff sitting room 600 sq. ft.
Two lunch rooms:—
One 400 ”
One 800 ”
Pantry and kitchen
Public restaurant 900 ”
-------------
2,700 sq. ft.
Fourth Story (if any).
Janitor’s living rooms 1,500 sq. ft.
Totals.
Prof. A. D. F. Hamlin has estimated that the available ground
space for the building might vary according to different types
of building from 31,250 sq. ft. to 44,600 sq. ft. Our estimate
of the space required, including rooms, halls, etc, and stack
is about 36,630 sq. ft.
(Above basement):—
Ground floor 17,600 sq. ft.
Main or first floor 17,900 ”
Second floor 18,700 ”
Third floor 18,120 ”
Mezzanine floor 2,700 ”
Fourth floor 1,500 ”
---------------
76,520 sq. ft.
Stack—4 stories of main building 40,000 ”
---------------
116,520 ”
Add for halls, stairs, walls, vaults, toilet
rooms, etc. 30,000 ”
---------------
146,520 sq. ft.
Average per floor (4) 36,630 ”
ALPHABETICAL ARRANGEMENT OF ROOMS.
Under each room is given the purpose and best arrangement in relation
to other rooms. The list also includes such headings as “Furniture,”
“Shelving,” etc.
=Accession Department, see Cataloguing Department.=
=Apprentice Class Room.= For students who are taking the training
course in the library preparatory to admission to the library service.
Accommodations should be provided for one hundred students.
Need not be considered in relation to other rooms, and may be placed on
top floor or wherever convenient.
The room might be divided into sections by sliding partitions so that a
part or the whole could be used either for class work or for entrance and
promotion examinations, and should be planned as a regular school class
room containing such necessary appliances as desks, chairs blackboards,
etc.
A sufficient number of lockers should be provided in a dressing-room near
by.
If the room is not divided as mentioned above, a study room containing
a working collection of library literature would make study possible by
members of one class while another class is in session.
=Art Book Cases, see Furniture, Art Book Cases.=
=Art Book Room.= All the large heavy books belonging to the Art Book
Collection will be placed here in cases or on shelves.
There should be accommodation in this room or a nearby stack for 15,000
volumes.
If an Exhibition Room is not provided the Art Book Room together with the
Photographs, Music and Manuscripts Rooms, might be connected so that when
desired they could be converted into an Exhibition Room.
If convenient the Art Book Room should be near the Reference Room.
If located on different floors, the Art Book Room and Photographic Room
should be connected by a large size book lift.
=Auditor’s Office, see Finance Department.=
=Auditorium.= It is a question whether in view of the nearness of the
Brooklyn Institute the Library should provide an auditorium. If so, it
should be capable of being turned into an Exhibition Room, which see.
It is probable that a seating capacity of 400 or 500 would be sufficient,
although it may be thought best to provide for 1,500.
If arranged so as to be used as an Exhibition Room it might be
sub-divided by movable partitions.
It should be provided with lantern and screen.
This hall should be used for literary purposes only.
May be placed on top floor or basement. If the latter, there should be an
outside entrance, and also one from the library proper.
=Automatic Book Carrier, see Book Carrier.=
=Back Numbers of Magazines, see Periodical Reading Room.=
=Bell Collection.= A collection of 12,000 volumes given by Mr. James A.
H. Bell on the conditions that it should be in a separate room, and that
the books should be for reference purposes only.
Need not connect with any other room.
=Bells.= Connection might be made from some of the rooms, such as
Librarians’, Delivery, Reference, with the janitor and engineer.
There should be outside door bells so arranged that the current to same
may be turned off or on. Switches to be under lock and key inside the
building.
=Bicycle Room.= A small space is probably all that will be necessary, and
it is a question whether racks outside, or inside the building on ground
floor would not serve the purpose.
=Bindery.= A room should be provided large enough to hold heavy machinery
and to enable the library to have its own binding done within the
building, although it is not at all certain whether it is not more
economical to give the use of the room to some binder and arrange with
him to do the work at so much per volume.
Should go in the basement near the Repair Room.
If all binding is not done by the Library, the Repair Room if made larger
will accommodate the necessary machinery for what is to be done, and
should be so constructed as to bear the weight of heavy machinery.
=Blind Department, see Library for the Blind.=
=Boiler Room, see Heating Plant.=
=Book Carrier.= A noiseless device for carrying books from the Book Stack
to the Delivery Desks in the
(_a_) Reference Room.
(_b_) Delivery Room.
(_c_) Periodical Reading Room.
(_d_) Children’s Room.
(_e_) Delivery Station Room.
(_f_) Wherever rooms are indicated as near Stack and cannot be so
placed the carrier might be used.
A very successful carrier made by the Lamson Store Service Co. is said to
be in use by the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. The Library of Congress
and Boston Public Library also have carriers.
=Book Order Department.= Including the Ordering and Receiving
Departments. Orders for books are sent to this department and forwarded
to the publishers. Books are received from the same source, unpacked,
checked with the bill, etc., before they go to the Cataloguing
Department. A part of the room should be arranged as a Receiving Room
where the cases of books could be unpacked.
It should be on the ground floor near the Packing Room and the depository
sections of the Stack which contain the stock of unassigned books
(20,000 volumes) and the little used books (30,000 volumes). It should
be connected with, but not necessarily adjacent to, the Cataloguing
Department, with which it might be connected with a freight elevator, so
that truck loads of books can be quickly transferred.
A small office or office space for the Superintendent should be provided.
=Bound Files of Newspapers, see Newspaper Reading Room.=
=Bound Files of Magazines, see Periodical Reading Room.=
=Branches, Superintendent, see Executive offices.=
=Building Superintendent’s Room.= An office for the Superintendent of the
building should be provided near the entrance on the ground floor.
=Building, Size of.= Inasmuch as the plot is surrounded by broad open
spaces the building may be brought much nearer the lot line than would
otherwise be desirable. Unnecessary space should not be given to halls
and corridors, although these should be ample.
The size of the Reference and Reading Rooms may be increased if there is
any additional space available.
=Card Cases, see Furniture—Card Catalog Cases.=
=Cataloguing Department (Official).= Books for all branches of the
library as well as all departments and the Central Library are
accessioned, and catalogued by this department.
Space should be allowed for at least fifty employees. It may be on
the third floor. It should connect with the Book Order Department as
indicated, and be located near Traveling Libraries and Interchange
Departments.
An office or office space should be provided for the Superintendent of
the department.
The freight elevator might open into a small room or hallway adjoining
the Cataloguing Department instead of opening directly into the room
itself.
The room should, if possible, be so planned that there will be good light
on both sides so that desks may be placed on both sides of the room.
The space allotted to the department may, if necessary, be divided into
two connecting rooms, one of which would contain some thirty typewriting
machines.
Alcoves formed by book cases might be placed on one side of the room to
separate the desks of the typewriters from each other.
Space must also be allowed for card catalog cases for 2,000,000 volumes.
These may be placed back to back and form a sort of partition through the
middle of the room.
=Cataloguing Department—Library of Congress Depository Catalog.= The
cards of the Library of Congress Catalog are filed in Catalog Cases in
this room and the Catalog must be accessible to the public, and should
adjoin the Official Cataloguing Department. Provision should be made for
at least fifty catalog cases in addition to table, desk, chairs, etc.
=Catalog Room (Public).= Contains a catalog of all books in the Library
system printed on cards, and arranged similar to those in the Official
Catalog Department. It would be used by the public and should be near the
Reference Room so that the Reference Librarian could use and supervise it.
If possible it should be accessible for the Delivery Department and
Official Cataloguing Department. Space should be provided for the same
number of cases as in the Official Department. These cases could be
placed against the walls or in rows.
=Charging Desk, see Furniture—Delivery Desk.=
=Check Room, see Coat and Parcel Room—Public.=
=Children’s Room.= A room for the use of the juvenile borrowers of the
library. All juvenile books will be charged and discharged in this room.
Provision should be made for seating about two hundred children. The
total space allotted for this department may be divided so that there
will be an office for the Superintendent (who has charge of the work with
children), a small room to contain a selected collection of juvenile
books which may be consulted by teachers, parents, etc., and the reading
and delivery room for children. A portion of the latter might perhaps be
partitioned off for reference use. Plenty of room should be provided for
this purpose.
This department should be situated near the Delivery Room of the library,
and if possible, connect directly with the Open Shelf Room of that
department.
The entrance to this room should be similar to that at the Pacific
Branch Library, _i.e._, two doors, one for entrance and one for exit,
with a seat for visitors and a railed space where they may stand without
interfering with the children who use the room.
If possible, this room should be easily reached from the street without
stairs or with but few. The entrance, however, should not be _directly_
into the room.
=Circulation Department, see Delivery Department.=
=Cleaner’s Room.= A room near janitor’s with lockers, cupboards, etc., in
which clothes, pails, mops may be kept.
=Cleaning Device, see Vacuum Cleaning Apparatus.=
=Closets.= Closets or cupboards for the storage of supplies, etc., should
be provided in the various departments and work rooms.
Closets for janitor’s brooms, mops, etc., together with a sink should be
located on each floor.
=Club Rooms, see Study Rooms.=
=Coal Bins.= Coal bins of 200 tons capacity should be provided.
=Coat and Parcel Rooms, Public.= A room should be provided where coats,
parcels, umbrellas, etc., may be checked.
This should be located near the main entrance.
If the auditorium is placed on the top floor a similar room should be
located near it.
=Committee Room, see Executive Offices.=
=Copying Room, see Writing and Copying Room.=
=Cork Carpet, see Floor Covering.=
=Dark Room, see Photographic Room.=
=Delivery Department.= From this room the books for home use would be
circulated, and borrowers would be allowed free access to the shelves.
This room should be easily accessible from the street without any, or,
with but few stairs.
It might connect with the Children’s Room, but it is not necessary that
it connect with the Reference and Reading Rooms.
A collection of possibly 35,000 volumes of the most popular and standard
books should be placed in a room arranged with wall shelving and stacks
something like our branch libraries. This will not prevent readers from
having access to other books under restrictions.
Space should be provided in this room for a Registration Desk with a
possible provision for a Union Register of all borrowers in the system.
=Delivery Desks, see Furniture—Delivery Desks.=
=Delivery Station Room.= The library system may, in the near future
be extended, by the establishment of delivery and deposit stations
throughout the city at which places borrowers may leave books in the
morning and receive others later in the day. The books so left will be
sent to the Central Library to be exchanged and a room should be provided
where this work can be done.
This might be near or part of the Interchange Department, although this
arrangement may not be feasible, as it is desirable that the Interchange
Department should be located near the Cataloguing Department so that the
Catalog may be consulted by it, and the Delivery Station Room should be
on the ground floor to facilitate the handling of boxes, etc.
=Depository Stock, see Stack Depository.=
=Driveway.= A driveway for teams should run through from Flatbush avenue
to Eastern Parkway and into the court, if one is contemplated. The
Packing, Delivery Station and Book Order Department should open directly
upon the driveway. If these are below the street level, a movable
platform should be provided.
=Dust Flues.= Unless the vacuum cleaning apparatus is installed, dust
flues and compressed air with openings on each floor of the Stack and in
the principal rooms in the main building may answer all purposes.
=Elevators.= Elevators should run from the basement to the top floor.
Two passenger elevators for the public, and one for the staff should be
provided. A freight elevator large enough to hold two or three trucks
(such as used at Montague) at a time will be needed. This elevator may
open into a hallway or room adjoining the Cataloguing Department if such
an arrangement works out better.
Book lifts should also be generously distributed.
If the auditorium is on the top floor one elevator should be so situated
as to be convenient for those using the auditorium.
=Employees, see Staff.=
=Engineers’ Club.= It is a question whether a meeting room should be
provided for the exclusive use of this particular club, although it seems
desirable that a place should be provided where this and clubs of a
similar nature could hold meetings from time to time.
If a meeting room is provided for the Engineers’ Club it should be
adjacent to the Stack where books of a scientific nature are stored.
=Engineer’s Rooms.= There should be two connecting rooms for the use of
the Chief Engineer; one to be used as an office, possibly containing
closets for the stowing of supplies; and the other to be equipped as a
work room with work bench, forge, anvil, etc.
These rooms should be separate from the Boiler Room.
=Entrances.= Should be provided on the front and sides of the building
for the public, and one in the rear for freight, etc.
A separate entrance should also be provided for the Staff.
=Executive Offices.= This suite of offices consists of the following
rooms:—
Trustees’ Room.
Committee Room.
Librarian’s Public Office.
Librarian’s Private Office.
Librarian’s Secretary’s Office.
Stenographers’ Room.
Assistant Librarian’s Office.
Supt. of Branches.[401]
Finance Department (Here or on top floor).
The rooms in this group might be arranged similar to the offices in large
business houses with a central waiting room.
The Trustees’ Room and Committee Room should adjoin and be connected
with large folding doors. There should be an ante or waiting room. Also
lockers, hat boxes, etc. Toilet and Bath Room should also be provided, as
at Boston.
The Librarian’s Private Office should connect directly with the Trustees’
and Committee Rooms.
The Librarian’s Public Office might also serve as a waiting room for the
Trustees’ and Assistant Librarian’s Offices.
The Librarian’s Room should be easily accessible to the public and as
near as many departments of the library as possible.
=Exhibition Room, see Auditorium.=
This room might be made by so arranging certain rooms, such as the Art
Book, Manuscripts, Music, Photographic Rooms, etc., that they could
be converted into an exhibition room at any time. (This is the better
arrangement). Exhibitions of books, manuscripts, prints, etc., would be
held in this room.
=Finance Department, see also Executive Offices.=
This is intended for the offices of the Treasurer and his assistants.
Space should be provided for three or more clerks, with possibly a small
separate room for the Treasurer.
A vault should be located in this department for the storage of
documents, bills, etc.
This need not be a part of the Executive Offices, but may be located on
the top floor.
=Fine Arts Room, see Art Book Room.=
=Fixed Furniture, see Furniture.=
=Floor Covering.= Rubber or cork carpet may be used, but these should not
be put over tiling.
=Floors.= The kind of flooring for each room should be indicated by the
Architect. _Noiseless_ floors should be placed in all public rooms.
=Floors, Height of.= Floors of the main building should coincide with the
level of the floors of the book stack, making the height about 15 feet or
two stacks floors high, or in that proportion.
Floors in the Stack Building should be 7½ feet between centers, and
should connect with the floors of the main building.
=Foreign Book Collection.= The collection of books in foreign languages
for distribution among the branches would be located on one of the floors
of the Book Stack, preferably that nearest the office of the Interchange
Department. Provision should be made for about 35,000 volumes.
=Furniture—Fixed and Movable.= Specifications for the furniture required
will be furnished later.
=Garage.= A room of about 400 square feet should be provided for the
storage of library automobiles and equipped with machinery to charge
electric vehicles. If space permits, it might be advisable to arrange
a part of this room for the convenience of automobilists who use the
library.
=Heads of Departments, see Superintendents of Departments.=
=Heating Plant.= As this plant cannot be located in a separate building
it should be as nearly isolated as possible. It should be so constructed
that there will be ample room for the handling of all tools, especially
while working at the boilers.
=Height of Floor, see Floors, Height of.=
=Information Desk.= Space should be provided for an information desk
if possible near the main entrance, or near the Reference and Delivery
Departments, if they are quite near together.
=Interchange Department.= This department, which has charge of the
interchange of books among the branches, should have an office for
superintendents and assistants near or connected with the Traveling
Libraries Department.
It should also be near or easily connected with the Official or Public
Catalog and the Book Stack.
=Janitor’s Living Rooms.= It is desirable, if space permits, that five or
six living rooms similar in arrangement to a small apartment be provided
for the janitor so that he may be in the building at all times.
These rooms should be located on the top floor.
=Janitor’s Rooms.= A work room containing lockers, and closets for the
storage of necessary tools should be located in the basement for the use
of the janitor. An office for his use might also be provided.
These rooms should be near the Stock and Store Rooms and the Supply
Department.
=Lavatories, see Toilets.=
=Lecture Room, see Auditorium.=
=Librarian’s Office, see Executive Offices.=
=Librarian, Assistant, see Executive Offices.=
=Library for the Blind.= This is intended for the use of the blind
readers and their guides. Provision should be made both for the delivery
of books for home use, for reading in the library and for “readings.” A
small lecture room separated from the Delivery Room should be provided
for the latter purpose.
The blind borrowers would be registered at this department rather than at
the General Registration Desk.
The best location for this department is on the ground floor, although
it may be placed on the top floor. It should be located near a stack
accommodating 15,000 volumes.
This is perhaps the one department of the library which might, if
necessary, be located at some branch, possibly Montague—instead of in the
Central Building without affecting seriously other departments.
=Library of Congress Cards, see Cataloguing Department.=
=Lighting Plant.= Even if the library does not install its own lighting
plant, space should at least be provided for it in the sub-basement.
Wherever table lights are used as probably in the Reference and
Cataloguing Departments, they should be movable and so arranged that they
will not get in the way of readers’ feet.
So far as possible, general illumination is better than individual lights.
=Little Used Books, see Stack—Depository.=
=Lockers.= Clothing lockers, open and well ventilated, with shelves for
hats, should be abundantly provided.
Lockers for men and women should be located near the staff entrance, and
in addition, a few lockers should be provided in each department.
The lockers should also be near the service elevator. The quarters might
be divided so to partially separate men, women, boys and girls.
=Lunch Room for Staff, see Staff Lunch Room.=
=Lunch room—Public, see Public Restaurant.=
=Magazine Room, see Periodical Reading Room.=
=Main Reading Room, see Reference Room.=
=Manuscript Department.= Room where valuable manuscripts would be kept.
It might be near Map or Art Book Room and form one of the latter suite.
=Map Room.= Provision should be made in this room for the convenient
handling of maps of various sizes and kinds.
This should be near the Reference Room for the sake of supervision.
=Mechanical Service and Equipment, see Book Carriers, Telephones, etc.=
=Music Room.= Provision should be made here or in a nearby Stack for
15,000 bound volumes of books about music, and for the musical scores
which will be placed flat on shelves or in drawers. (It might form one
of the suite with the Art Book Room, etc.) The circulation of books from
this department might be from the room itself rather than from the Main
Delivery Desk.
Adjoining should be a piano room with thick walls to deaden sound.
=Newspaper Reading Room.= If out-of-town newspapers are supplied a larger
room will be needed than as though only local papers are taken. (It is
a question whether it is best to supply local papers at all). In any
event the papers will be in newspaper files on regular racks placed on
the walls or separate stands. No shelving (unless for local papers) need
be provided here, but in an adjoining room the back numbers will be made
accessible.
This room should be on ground floor with separate outside entrance if any
papers are taken.
The bound volumes of newspapers take up much room and ample space
should be provided in adjoining Stack so that they might be placed flat
on roller shelves and provision made for 5,000 volumes and growth for
twenty-five years.
=Open Shelves, see Delivery Department.=
=Order Department, see Book Order Department, see also Supply Department.=
=Order and Receiving Room, see Book Order Department.=
=Packing Room.= Books are received here from the Cataloguing Department
and sent out to the Branches.
It should be on the ground floor near the Book Order and Supply
Departments and contain bins for at least forty branches, so that when
books and supplies are to be sent out they may be placed in specific
places preparatory to being shipped, and thus facilitate the distribution
of everything to branches.
The bins might be on rollers or tracks unless it is found better to make
them permanent and use ordinary trucks around the room.
=Parcel Room, see Coat Room.=
=Patent Room.= All reports and specifications relating to American and
foreign patents belong in this room or adjoining Stack.
It should be near the Reference and Public Documents Rooms.
Provision should be made in the room itself for seventy-five or one
hundred readers, shelving for the most used volumes, and near a stack
to contain 20,000. Many of the specifications will be laid flat. Boston
seems large enough if sufficient stack space is provided.
=Periodical Reading Room.= The current magazines will be placed on tables
and racks, and the bound volumes of periodicals would be used in this
room as well as in the Reference Room. It should therefore be near stack
with capacity of 50,000 volumes for bound periodicals. The room should be
connected with or under the Reference Room, with stairs connecting.
If found best to locate this room elsewhere it may be placed near
newspaper room and made accessible from street.
A room adjoining would have shelves and cases for the unbound back
numbers as in Newark.
=Photographic Room.= A place for taking pictures, consequently a “dark
room,” should adjoin.
It might be in attic or one of the Art Book suite, but in any event
should be connected with Art Book Room so that large books may be easily
conveyed by lift or otherwise from one to the other. Provision should be
made for the storage of photographs. It should be well lighted as the
walls may be used for the exhibition of pictures, etc.
The “dark room” should have plenty of storage space for slides and
negatives.
=Plot, see Site.=
=Pneumatic Tubes.= Most liberal provision should be made for
communicating between Delivery Rooms, Departments and Stacks. (See also
Book Carrier).
=Printing Plant.= It is a question of policy whether a large or small
plant should be installed. If former, there will always be trouble with
labor unions, etc. Provision should at least be made for a few small
presses to do such necessary work as printing bulletins, lists, catalog
cards, etc.
=Prints Room, see Art Book Room.=
=Public Catalog, see Catalog—Public.=
=Public Documents Room.= It is intended to provide for perhaps fifty
readers and have a near Stack accommodation for all public documents,
both national and state. This room might be near the Patents Room and
Reference Room.
=Public Reception Room.= Part of Public Telephone and Public
Stenographer’s Room might adjoin an “Emergency Hospital,” as suggested by
Dr. Backus.
=See also Writing and Copying Room, Public.=
=Public Restaurant.= If this could be provided for in connection with
staff lunch room it would be desirable so that all-day students could
obtain lunch.
=Public Telephone, see Telephone, Public.=
=Public Toilet Rooms, see Toilet Rooms, Public.=
=Radiators.= These might be placed inside the walls _without taking up
room or shelving space_, but of course accessible by taking out division
of shelving, or radiators might form a base 10 inches to 14 inches from
floor under book cases—if not too hot.
=Rare and Restricted Books Room.= Here would be kept the precious books.
It is essential that the vault run through this section. Rare books and
prints would be preserved and displayed here.
It should possibly be part of Art Book suite.
=Reading Rooms, see Reference Department and under different headings, as
Periodical Reading Room, Technical and Scientific Periodical Room, etc.=
=Receiving Room, see Book Order Department; see also Packing Room.=
=Reception Room, see Public Reception Room.=
=Reference Department.= This room will serve for general and reference
purposes, access being had to as many of the departments and special
collections as possible. For the sake of convenience and supervision the
special collections might be grouped around this room.
It should be on the second floor, with large windows to about 4 feet
of the floor. Seating capacity for from 450 to 600 readers should be
provided. It may be found easy to place this room on the top floor with
light from above, although such an arrangement does not seem desirable.
This will be the largest room in the building.
The public catalog should be near by so that it might be used and
supervised by the Reference Librarian.
A delivery desk must also be provided on the same floor as the Reference
Department so that the serious student may have books used by him in
the Reference Department charged without being obliged to go into the
Delivery Department. This desk may be located in the Reference Room, or
it may be possible to locate it in the Public Catalog Room so that the
orders of those consulting the Catalog may be sent directly to the Stack
and the book be delivered to the borrower in that room. If the Public
Catalog room is on the same floor as the Reference Room the books from
that department could be sent to the Delivery Desk in the Public Catalog
Room.
It is desirable to use the same Delivery Room for charging books from
both Reference and Delivery Departments.
=Registration Room.= This is where the record of the individual is kept.
If on Brooklyn plan only a few cases will be necessary, but if on Boston
plan where there is a Central Registration more space will be necessary.
In any event it should be in or near the Delivery Department.
=Repair Room.= This is where books are repaired by the staff. It should
be in the basement and near the bindery, and better connect with it.
=Repository for Little Used Books, see Stack Depository.=
=Restaurant, see Public Restaurant.=
=Restricted Books, see Rare and Restricted Books.=
=Roof.= Avoid skylights as much as possible, as the best of them will
leak.
=Rubber, see Floor Covering.=
=Safes, see Vaults.=
=Scientific Periodical Room, see Technical and Scientific Periodical
Room.=
=Screens.= Window screens should be provided to exclude dust, flies,
mosquitoes, etc.
=Service Stairs, see Stairs.=
=Shades.= Should be provided for all windows.
=Shelving.= It seems best to leave the matter of shelving for the
different rooms until a conference can be had with the Architect
regarding the dimensions and location of the different rooms.
=Site.= The site is a quadrilateral, measuring 69 feet 8 inches on the
Plaza, 332 feet on the Parkway, 486 feet 0 inches along the Reservoir
fence and 498 feet 4 inches along Flatbush avenue.
=Special Collections, see Bell Collection, Manuscripts, Rare Books, etc.=
=Special Study Rooms, see Study Rooms.=
=Stack.= Accommodations should be provided for 1,500,000 or 2,000,000,
as suggested by Prof. A. D. F. Hamlin. Estimates may be based on an
allowance of eight volumes to the running foot, except where reference
books and art books are to be shelved, when not more than six volumes
should be allowed. It should be in the rear of building if natural light
is desired or in the _centre_ if electric light can be provided. In
the latter case all of the outside space could be utilized for rooms.
Attention is called to the fact that Boston, New York and the John Crerar
Library, Chicago, have found artificial light for stacks sufficient.
It goes without saying that this of all parts of the building should
be fireproof, with emergency fireproof doors between this and the main
building.
Each stack story will be 7 feet to 7½ wide, in the clear, the architect
to name, when submitting the plans, the particular stack to be used. No
stack should be more than 7 feet high, 9 or 12 feet long; 8 inches deep,
if single, or 16 inches deep if double, back to back; 12 inches if
reference. The aisles should be 3 feet wide, with side aisles 3 to 4 feet
wide along the walls.
Provision should be made for the maximum capacity indicated and the
Architect should show how the stack could be extended to serve for double
the capacity.
Under shelving will be indicated the _wall capacity_ desired.
=Stack—Depository.= When opportunity offers, purchases of books are made
from second-hand dealers and others even if not needed at the time. A
stock in trade is thus formed and orders received from Branches are
filled here whenever possible. These books may be stored in the Stack
near the Book Order Department, and accommodation should be provided for
35,000 volumes.
Books seldom called for or little used should also be housed in the
Depository Stack. Space should be provided for 30,000 volumes.
The Depository Stack might be placed underneath the street level as has
been done in Vienna. At least three stack floors could thus be obtained.
=Staff Rooms.= Under this head should be included all rooms, other than
work rooms, used by the Staff. It is likely that 150-250 employees will
have places in the Central Building, and it is essential that adequate
provision should be made for male and female adult employees, messengers,
(boys and girls) janitors, cleaners, etc.
A separate entrance should be provided for the staff and lockers for
their use as indicated under that heading.
The following rooms should be provided, Staff Lunch and Sitting Rooms,
with butler’s pantry and kitchen, and a special room for meetings of the
Staff. These may be located in a mezzanine floor or be placed in the
basement or top floor. They should, however, be so situated as to be
easily accessible from as many departments as possible so that assistants
will not waste time in going to and fro. Private stairs may be provided
as in the Newark Public Library.
=Staff Lunch Room.= If possible the Lunch Room should be divided so
that the Superintendents of Departments could lunch together without
interfering with the scheduled hours of the balance of the Staff.
Such an arrangement would make it possible for the Superintendents of
Departments to discuss library problems while at lunch.
If two Lunch Rooms are provided a large butler’s pantry should adjoin
each room. These would contain cupboards, closets, sinks, refrigerators,
gas stoves, china closets, etc., so arranged that each assistant could
have her own things.
If a Public Restaurant is planned, the kitchen of that might be connected
with the Staff Rooms so that the Staff as well as the public might be
served from it.
=Staff Meeting Room.= Here the members of the whole staff would meet
once a month for the regular business meetings, and possibly oftener, to
talk over matters pertaining to the interests of the institution. The
attendance might be from 100 to 200.
Possibly these meetings could be held in the Apprentice Class Room. If
a separate room is provided it should be in combination with the other
Staff rooms.
=Staff Sitting Room.= A comfortable place for the assistants to rest in
after lunch should adjoin the Lunch Rooms. The Sitting and Lunch Rooms
should be so connected that the three could be thrown into one.
The Sitting Room would also be used in cases of temporary illness, and
should have couches and ordinary medical appliances.
=Stairs.= None should be circular. This point cannot be too emphatically
indicated.
So far as possible all stairs should be _inside_ the building.
Easy risers—possibly not more than 4 inches are desirable.
Separate stairs should be provided for Staff, and when possible the
different departments should be connected by private stairway, this
to insure easy and quick communication between different floors and
departments.
=Standard Library.= This consists of a collection of the best books as
introduced by Mr. Foster of the Providence Public Library. It would
contain books in best editions which would be recommended for purchase by
private buyers. It could be placed in one of the study rooms or better in
Reference or Delivery Room, but it should be capable of supervision.
=Statistical Department.= This forms one of the Special Reference Rooms
where books on statistics, economics, etc., would be shelved.
=Stenographer’s Room, Public.= For the use of those who wish to dictate
letters or addresses.
It might be near the Public Telephone or Writing and Copying Room.
=Stenographers’ Room (Official), see Executive Offices.=
=Stock Room (Books), see Stack, Depository.=
=Stock Room (supplies).= The ordinary Branch supplies such as printing,
stationery, brooms, soap, etc., are bought in quantities and stored at
the library. Branch “wants” are thus quickly and cheaply supplied.
It could be under or near the Supply Department (which see).
Closets, cupboards and shelving in plenty, with special arrangement as to
“bins” provided.
=Storeroom (supplies).= This is intended for brooms, pails, etc., used by
janitor about the Central Building. It is not the same as the Stock Room
where supplies for the whole system are kept, but may be near it. Several
closets for such purpose should also be placed on each floor.
=Storeroom for Little Used Books, see Stack, Depository.=
=Study Rooms.= These are for classes or individuals studying particular
subjects, and who need quiet and seclusion. Sometimes it will be used by
literary societies like a Browning Club, Shakespeare Club, etc.
They should be adjacent to and form a part of the Reference Room.
Although only three or four are mentioned more can be used, and they
might be larger or smaller than dimensions given.
=Superintendents of Departments.= They are Superintendent of Cataloguing
Department, Superintendent of Children’s Work Superintendent of Book
Orders, Superintendent of Supplies.
The Architect suggests that these might be grouped as in a business
house, with central waiting space and with access to each other. Perhaps
a better plan would be to have the office of each Superintendent near his
own department.
The office of the Superintendent of Branches would be connected with the
Executive suite.
=Supply Room, see Stock Room (supplies).=
=Supply Department.= The Superintendent of this Department makes the
purchases for all the branches and must therefore meet buyers as well as
Branch Librarians. There should be an outer and inner office. A store
room should be provided on this floor for the storage of stationery, etc.
This department should have outside entrance so that teams could deliver
goods direct.
=Technical and Scientific Periodical Room.= Will contain current
scientific periodicals and should have bound volumes (20,000) of same on
shelves in room or in stack nearby.
It might be near Reference Department or the Periodical Reading Room.
=Telephones, Official.= Long distance telephone, with switch board should
be installed also a complete system connecting all departments.
=Telephone, Public.= Booths for the use of the public should also be
provided.
The switch board for both the public and official telephones may be the
same and this may be located in the Public Reception and Telephone Room
on the ground floor, or the switch board of the Official Telephone may be
located in the Repair Room.
=Toilets.= Ample provision should be made for public and private toilets
for both sexes, but the public toilets should be at a distance from any
outside public entrance. Private toilets should be on each floor, and for
Trustees and Librarian. An attendant will be needed in each public toilet
room.
=Traveling Libraries Department.= Cases of books are sent from here to
schools, shops, societies, clubs, etc. An office for the Superintendent
of this department and his assistants should be located near the
Interchange and Foreign Book Departments. Stack accommodations for 50,000
volumes should adjoin the office. It should also be near the freight
elevator.
=Treasurer’s Office Department.= Space should be provided for Treasurer
who is a member of the Board of Trustees.
=Unpacking Room, see Book Order Department, also Supply Dept.=
=Vacuum Cleaning Apparatus.= The building should be equipped with the
best cleaning system.
=Vaults.= Various records such as those of the Board, Librarian,
Accession Books of Cataloguing Department, expensive and rare books and
manuscripts would be kept in the vaults.
They should be at least 8 × 10 feet in the clear and extend from the
basement to the top with openings on each floor into such rooms, if
possible, as Trustees’, Librarian’s, Cataloguing, Art Book, etc.
=Ventilation, see also Heating.=
The most perfect system of ventilation should be introduced and ought to
be both direct and indirect. Particular attention should be paid to the
Reference Department, Delivery Department, Children’s Room, Periodical
and Newspaper Reading Rooms and Stack. As it cannot be in a separate
building it, as well as the Heating Plant, should be in sub-basement.
=Water Supply.= If there is likely to be trouble from low pressure an
engine should pump water into a tank placed on the roof. Hot and cold
water for cleaning should be liberally supplied on each floor for janitor
service and for staff.
=Windows.= In the Stack they should start from the ceiling and go to the
floor and be placed opposite every aisle.
In the main rooms they need not come within 5 feet of the floor unless an
exception is made in the Trustees’, Librarian’s, Reference and Periodical
Reading Rooms, and Study Rooms.
In the Cataloguing Department they should begin 4 feet from floor and
extend to ceiling.
=Work Room, see Repair Room.=
=Writing and Copying Room (public).= This is a place where readers may
use ink and copy from books, or do general writing.
It may be near Stenographers’ room or Reference Department, although the
latter seems to be the best placed.
FOOTNOTES
[1] Essays in Libr. p. 280.
[2] p. 47.
[3] p. 21.
[4] See p. 286.
[5] p. 6, No. 1, Vol. 9, Arch. Rev., Boston, Jan. 1902.
[6] p. 170.
[7] p. 10.
[8] Libr. Construction, p. 4.
[9] Burg. 138: 11 L. J. 360.
[10] p. 40.
[11] p. 1.
[12] 6 L. J. 131.
[13] 13 L. J. (1888), 276, 332.
[14] p. 9.
[15] J. C. Dana, Library Problems.
[16] L. J. May, 1902.
[17] p. 136.
[18] 2d Int. Libr. Conf. 106.
[19] Burg. viii.
[20] 6 P. L. 602.
[21] 6 P. L. 200.
[22] p. 1.
[23] Feb. 1, 1912, quoted in 37 L. J. 141.
[24] 31 L. J. Conf. 62.
[25] 136.
[26] p. 271.
[27] p. 5.
[28] p. 9.
[29] 24 L. J. Conf. 23.
[30] 30 L. J. Conf. 61 and 10 P. L. 402.
[31] Sturgis, Vol 2, col. 752.
[32] 3 P. L. 240.
[33] 3 P. L. 115.
[34] Sturgis, Vol. 2, col. 783.
[35] 27 Nineteenth Century, 394.
[36] 30 L. J. Conf. 250.
[37] 30 L. J. Conf. 248.
[38] p. 193.
[39] Stanley, 14 L. J. 264.
[40] 32 L. J. 266.
[41] Id. 273.
[42] Quoted 15 P. L. 432.
[43] p. 110.
[44] P. L. 1876, 477.
[45] p. 13.
[46] p. 2.
[47] p. 73.
[48] 24 L. J. Conf. 153.
[49] 6 The Libr. Asso. Rec. 67.
[50] 5 The Libr. Asso. Rec. 501.
[51] Chap. XVIII. p. 233.
[52] 28 L. J. 113.
[53] 25 L. J. 105.
[54] 37 L. J. 135.
[55] P. L. 1876, p. 466.
[56] Idem, p. 479.
[57] 6 P. L. 203.
[58] p. 270.
[59] 31 L. J. Conf. 62.
[60] 26 L. J. Conf. 41.
[61] p. 48.
[62] p. 32.
[63] p. 134.
[64] p. 84.
[65] See later, p. 143.
[66] p. 2.
[67] P. L. 1876, p. 407.
[68] 23 L. J. Conf. 23.
[69] May, 1900.
[70] 26 L. J. Conf. 45.
[71] 3 P. L. 336.
[72] p. 48.
[73] p. 81.
[74] Vol. 2, p. 231.
[75] 8 P. L. 206.
[76] 3 P. L. 336.
[77] 8 The Libr. Asso. Record 178.
[78] 26 L. J. Conf. p. 41.
[79] 6 P. L. 602.
[80] 17 L. J. 125.
[81] p. 6.
[82] p. 8.
[83] P. L. 1876, 484.
[84] 36 L. J. 189.
[85] 1 Library Notes, 177.
[86] p. 139.
[87] pp. 89-92.
[88] p. 10.
[89] p. 141.
[90] Vol. 4, p. 83.
[91] $400,000 to $250,000. See 33 L. J. 428 and 442.
[92] pp. 59, 102.
[93] 14 L. J. 264.
[94] p. 286 of this volume.
[95] L. P. p. 15.
[96] 26 L. J. Conf. 43.
[97] p. 133.
[98] p. 101.
[99] p. 137.
[100] p. 257.
[101] Int. Conf. (1907) 106.
[102] p. 137.
[103] Clark, p. 41.
[104] p. 205 of this volume.
[105] p. 7.
[106] p. 16.
[107] Vol. 3, col. 673.
[108] 8 P. L. 203.
[109] Vol. 3, col. 913.
[110] p. 56.
[111] p. 357.
[112] p. 143.
[113] See Edwards, p. 313.
[114] 3 P. L. 375.
[115] 27 L. J. Conf. 204.
[116] 6 P. L. 602.
[117] 3 L. P. 3.
[118] p. 45.
[119] Hints for Small Libraries, 4.
[120] P. L. 1876, 477.
[121] 14 L. J. 159.
[122] p. 85.
[123] 31 L. J. Conf. 53.
[124] 25 L. J. 678.
[125] 31 L. J. Conf. 3.
[126] p. 45.
[127] p. 81.
[128] Fletcher, _Intr._
[129] 26 L. J. Conf. 45.
[130] 19 L. J. Conf. 96.
[131] 19 L. J. Conf. 96.
[132] P. L. 1876, 484.
[133] pp. 45, 85.
[134] 31 L. J. Conf. 3.
[135] 25 L. J. 682.
[136] p. 8.
[137] 29 L. J. 413.
[138] p. 8.
[139] 31 L. J. Conf. 53.
[140] p. 273.
[141] 8 P. L. 205.
[142] p. 2.
[143] Architectural Competitions: a circular of advice, 1911, pp. 4, 5.
[144] 26 L. J. 865.
[145] Art Competition, Vol. 1, col. 657.
[146] p. 26 L. J. Conf. 91.
[147] 6 P. L. 610.
[148] 7 P. L. 113.
[149] 19 L. J. Conf. 96.
[150] 26 L. J. Conf. 39.
[151] Bost. 273.
[152] p. 7.
[153] p. 59.
[154] 6 P. L. 601.
[155] 34 L. J. 205.
[156] See Duff-Brown, p. 85.
[157] p. 120.
[158] p. 120.
[159] p. 103.
[160] 26 L. J. Conf. 45.
[161] 6 Libr. Asso. Record.
[162] p. 135.
[163] pp. 115 and 120.
[164] Lib. Prob. 4.
[165] p. 5.
[166] p. 279.
[167] 37 L. J. 135.
[168] 116 _et seq._
[169] 127.
[170] p. 104.
[171] p. 87.
[172] 30 L. J. Conf. 240.
[173] 36 L. J. 467.
[174] p. 10.
[175] p. 10.
[176] 3 P. L. 336.
[177] P. L. 1876, 406.
[178] P. L. 1876, p. 475.
[179] p. 84.
[180] Vol. 1, p. 93.
[181] p. 7.
[182] pp. 13, 14.
[183] p. 288.
[184] Vol 12, p. 446.
[185] p. 48.
[186] 16 L. J. Conf. 104.
[187] p. 74.
[188] 3 P. L. 40.
[189] 96.
[190] p. 12.
[191] p. 13.
[192] Vol. 8, p. 642.
[193] Vol. 1, p. 288.
[194] 30 L. J. 249.
[195] 31 L. J. Conf. 54.
[196] p. 10.
[197] Clark, 165.
[198] p. 48.
[199] p. 15.
[200] p. 286.
[201] p. 285.
[202] 25 L. J. 683.
[203] p. 26.
[204] Article, “Schools.”
[205] 8 Libr. Asso. Record, 182.
[206] p. 26.
[207] L. J. June, 1912.
[208] Vol. 3, p. 173.
[209] After p. 138.
[210] p. 13.
[211] 34 L. J. 16, 106.
[212] p. 21.
[213] p. 87.
[214] p. 24.
[215] p. 24 _et seq._
[216] Vol. 1, p. 91.
[217] pp. 20, 21, 22, 23.
[218] Geo. T. Clark, 12 P. L. 256.
[219] p. 369.
[220] p. 29.
[221] 25 L. J. 679.
[222] p. 250.
[223] See L. C. Report 1910, p. 355.
[224] 2d Ser. Vol. 2, p. 285.
[225] p. 284.
[226] Ess. in Librarianship, p. 253.
[227] _Ibid._, p. 271.
[228] p. 84.
[229] p. 28.
[230] Part 1, p. 467.
[231] p. 281.
[232] p. 192.
[233] See Appendix.
[234] 34 L. J. 205.
[235] Pub. Lib. 1876, p. 469.
[236] p. 193.
[237] p. 10.
[238] 3 P. L. 240.
[239] p. 70.
[240] p. 95.
[241] P. L. 1876, p. 469.
[242] p. 289.
[243] 8 Libr. Asso. Rec. p. 73.
[244] p. 107.
[245] p. 289.
[246] 5 P. L. 88.
[247] 8 Libr. Asso. Rec. p. 73.
[248] L. W. p. 233.
[249] p. 219.
[250] p. 201.
[251] Vol. 10, p. 237.
[252] p. 10.
[253] p. 15.
[254] p. 19.
[255] p. 112.
[256] p. 103.
[257] Vol. 12, p. 453.
[258] See elaborate article by Dewey, 2 Lib. Notes, p. 100.
[259] pp. 49, 50.
[260] P. L. 1876, 487.
[261] 26 L. J. Conf. 42.
[262] p. 9.
[263] Library Notes, pp. 107 (cut), 117.
[264] Vol. 1, pp. 132, 134.
[265] p. 16.
[266] P. L. 1876, p. 487.
[267] p. 42.
[268] 2 Lib. Notes 105.
[269] p. 50.
[270] p. 12.
[271] p. 151.
[272] 14 P. L. 134.
[273] p. 17.
[274] Fletcher, p. 10. Clark, p. 170.
[275] p. 279.
[276] p. 94.
[277] 26 L. J. Conf. 42.
[278] p. 64.
[279] A. L. A. Tract No. 4, p. 16.
[280] 23 L. J. Conf. 17.
[281] Vol. 25, p. 680.
[282] P. L. 1876, p. 467.
[283] 2 L. J. 31.
[284] 4 L. J. 295.
[285] p. 41.
[286] See Koch, pl. 46.
[287] Quoted 6 P. L. 609.
[288] p. 66.
[289] p. 76.
[290] P. L. 1876, p. 526.
[291] p. 99.
[292] Clark, p. 90.
[293] Clark, p. 99, (with cut).
[294] See pl. 14, front windows.
[295] Clarke, pp. 96, 98.
[296] p. 66.
[297] See B. R. Green, 25 L. J. 680.
[298] Brochure Series, Nov. 1897, p. 169.
[299] 3 P. L. 76.
[300] p. 43.
[301] 25 L. J. 680.
[302] Vol. 2, pp. 97, 99.
[303] p. 66.
[304] p. 121.
[305] Vol. 4, p. 241.
[306] pp. 39, 67, 68.
[307] Vol. 4, p. 88.
[308] Vol. 12, p. 453.
[309] Vol. 7, p. 10.
[310] P. L., 1876, 238.
[311] 30 L. J. Conf. 249.
[312] 3 P. L. 284.
[313] Vol. 8, p. 149.
[314] p. 83.
[315] P. L. 1876, 688.
[316] p. 75.
[317] 18 L. J. 254.
[318] p. 66.
[319] See Symposium, L. J. 1894 Conf. 42. See H. P. James, L. J. 1896
Conf. 49.
[320] P. L. 1876, 431.
[321] P. L. 1876, p. 484.
[322] p. 409.
[323] p. 45.
[324] p. 382.
[325] 4 Lib. Asst. 197.
[326] 2d Int. Lib. Conf. 1907, p. 103.
[327] p. 484.
[328] pp. 157, 168, 169, 226, 233.
[329] Vol. 12, pp. 336, 337.
[330] p. 130.
[331] p. 68.
[332] p. 78.
[333] p. 94.
[334] p. 390.
[335] p. 89.
[336] p. 387.
[337] p. 88.
[338] 8 Lib. Asso. Record, p. 179.
[339] p. 316.
[340] p. 158.
[341] p. 306.
[342] p. 153, § 186.
[343] p. 66.
[344] P. L. 1876, p. 471.
[345] 16 L. J. Conf., no. 104.
[346] p. 192.
[347] 13 Libr. Asso. Record, 206.
[348] P. L. 1876, 471.
[349] L. Pr. 48.
[350] p. 71.
[351] p. 327.
[352] p. 308.
[353] p. 270.
[354] p. 94.
[355] p. 234.
[356] Vol. 8, p. 184.
[357] p. 71.
[358] p. 155.
[359] 8 P. L. 22.
[360] 35 L. J. 509.
[361] p. 69.
[362] p. 158.
[363] p. 42.
[364] p. 188 _et seq._
[365] p. 263.
[366] p. 28.
[367] p. 325, _ante_.
[368] Champneys, 101.
[369] p. 409.
[370] p. 131.
[371] p. 10.
[372] L. C. Rept. 1901, p. 326.
[373] pp. 69, 38, 43.
[374] P. L. 1876, 470.
[375] 11 L. J. Conf. 361.
[376] pp. 138, 143.
[377] p. 292.
[378] p. 154.
[379] p. 12.
[380] p. 102.
[381] pp. 408, 105.
[382] p. 116.
[383] p. 291.
[384] p. 19.
[385] p. 46.
[386] 13 L. J. 339.
[387] p. 295.
[388] p. 129.
[389] 30 inches.
[390] pp. 10, 18.
[391] p. 295.
[392] p. 47.
[393] p. 129.
[394] 18 L. J. 225.
[395] p. 45.
[396] p. 54.
[397] p. 291.
[398] p. 18.
[399] p. 113.
[400] Other Superintendents provided in the space allotted department.
[401] The offices of the other superintendents are directly connected
with their respective departments.
INDEX
Acetylene gas, 201.
Adams, Herbert B., cited, 59, 96, 130, 325.
Administration rooms, 64, 233, 361.
Advice, free, 145.
Ahern, Mary Eileen, 342.
Air, 308, 360.
Alcoves, 7, 13, 48, 49, 55, 57, 61, 189.
Alterations, 73, 99.
Altering new buildings, 74.
Amateurs dangerous, 120.
Ancient History, 4, 13.
American Institute of Architects, 145, 149, 154.
American Library Association, 14, 15, 96.
A. L. A. Com. on Ventilation, etc., 212, 308.
A. L. A. Tract No. 4, 36, 38, 41, 277.
American Library Institute, 302.
Andrews, Clement W., 205, 207, 307, 332.
Annual outlay, limiting, 104.
Annual Register, 301.
Ante-room, librarian’s, 240.
Antiquarian libraries, 59.
Apprentice class, 373.
Approaches, 172.
Arabs, 7.
Architect, Dedication, 32, 146, 150, 153, 213.
Architectural competitions, 154.
Architectural Review, 10.
Architectural styles, 117.
Architecture, 29, 31, 119, 329.
Areas, 224, 373.
Art galleries, 72.
Art rooms, 329, 333, 374.
Asinius Pollio, 4.
Aspect, 194.
Assyria, 3, 8.
Astor Library, N. Y., 13, 131.
Athenæums, 49.
Attics, 182.
Auditorium, 374.
Augustus, 4.
Automobiles, 260.
Barometers, 354.
Basement, 40, 180, 340.
Begin early, 100.
Belden, Charles F. D., 37.
Bells, 374.
Benedict, Saint, 7.
Bernardiston, Mass., P. L., 41.
Bethnal Green (Eng.) L., 299.
Bibliothèque St. Geneviève, 15, 92.
Bicycles, 260, 375.
Billings, Dr. John S., 177, 212.
Binding, 253, 375.
Birmingham (Eng.) P. L., 98.
Blades, Wm., 219.
Blame for faults, 35.
Blind, The, 321, 381.
Bluemner, Oscar, 39, 40, 89, 93, 131, 136, 180, 189, 248, 295,
307.
Bodleian L., Oxford, 9, 10, 296.
Bolton, C. K., 337.
Bookcases, closed, 272.
dwarf, 267.
radial, 274.
rolling or sliding, 75, 299.
Book Order Department, 375.
Book storage, 261.
Books of odd sizes, 267.
Bookworms, 219.
Boston Herald, 15.
Boston Public Library, 13, 15, 32, 92, 96, 114, 224, 230, 280.
Boston School Doc. No. 14, 1907, 115, 205, 207.
Boston Transcript, 88.
Bostwick, Arthur E., cited, 17, 27, 35, 65, 68, 70, 80, 148,
155, 186, 194, 197, 231, 235, 241, 247, 251, 252, 254, 256,
257, 274, 310, 317, 318, 319, 321, 323, 324, 325, 327, 330,
331, 332, 333, 342, 344, 345, 349.
Bowdoin College Lib., 75, 301.
Bowerman, George F., 75.
Boxford, Mass., P. L., 41.
Branch libraries, 67.
Branches, service of, 256.
Branford, Conn., P. L., 131.
Brick, 41.
Brigham, Johnson, 57.
British Museum, 3, 10, 225, 268, 299, 301, 345.
Brochure Series, cited, 293.
Brookline, Mass., P. L., 105.
Brooklyn, N. Y., P. L., 69, 176, 226, 242, 367.
Brown, Jas. Duff—_see_ Duff-Brown.
Brown University Library, 105, 156, 205, 246, 287.
Buckland, Mass., P. L., 41.
Building Acts, English, 175.
Building committee, 35, 136, 152.
Bulletin boards, 352.
Burgoyne, F. J., cited, 23, 25, 27, 92, 93, 95, 98, 114, 157,
167, 190, 197, 198, 200, 230, 259, 268, 296, 299, 315, 316,
320, 330, 354.
Business libraries, 52.
California, University of, 156.
Canfield, Dr. James H., 60, 134.
Canterbury, The Prior’s Chapel, 8.
Capacity of shelves, 277, 298.
Carnegie, Andrew, 15, 38, 67, 102, 131.
Carr, Henry J., 88, 139, 144, 345, 348.
Carrels, 6, 61, 107, 286.
Carrere and Hastings, 367.
Carriers, mechanical, 62, 118, 230, 375.
Catalog cases, 64, 244, 350, 377.
Cataloguing rooms, 246, 376.
Ceilings, 183.
Cellars, 40, 182, 328.
Central spaces, 224.
Century Dictionary, 29.
Chairs, 346.
Champneys, A. L., cited, 13, 22, 27, 85, 86, 92, 95, 103, 113,
114, 115, 153, 157, 173, 175, 186, 189, 193, 208, 210, 228,
239, 249, 253, 260, 275, 284, 291, 300, 304, 314, 317, 319,
320, 332, 333, 334, 337, 339, 341, 344, 345.
Change, provision for, 166.
Chicago World’s Fair, 118.
Children’s room, 318, 377.
Christiania Fjord, 23.
Christ’s Hospital, London, 8.
Cincinnati Public Library, 71.
Circular stairs, 177.
Cistercians, 7.
City Club, Chicago, 207.
Clairvaux, 8.
Clark, George T., cited, 220.
Clark, John Willis, cited, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 115, 194, 273,
286, 295.
Class rooms, 270, 324, 333.
Classes of libraries, 37, 47.
Classical style, 117, 118.
Claude & Starck, 30.
Clay’s School Buildings, cited, 319.
Cleaning, 217, 252.
Cleanliness, 217.
Clerestories, 200.
Clocks, 364.
Closets, 226, 377.
Club libraries, 47.
Coat rooms, 257.
Cole, George Watson, 256.
College libraries, 61.
Color, 115, 203, 293.
Columbia University, 177.
Columns, 109.
Comfort rooms, 257.
Competition, New York, 359.
Competitions, architectural, 86, 90, 154.
Competitions, judges of, 158.
Concentric cases, 274.
Concourse, 200.
Concrete, 38, 42, 220.
Concrete examples 357.
Conflicts, 32.
Congress, Library of, 194, 195, 197, 225, 226, 231, 247, 292,
328, 330, 332, 336, 337.
Congressional Documents, 302.
Contests, 34.
Conversation rooms, 338.
Coolidge, Charles A., 147, 206.
Copying blindly, 92.
Cornell University Library, 345.
Cornices, 109.
Correlation of parts, 181.
Cost, 102, 104.
Cost of running, 85.
Cotgreave, Alfred, cited, 95.
Courtyards, 224.
Coutts, H. T., 254.
Cravath and Lansingh, cited, 203.
Crerar Library, Chicago, 205.
Crunden, Frederick M., cited, 126.
Cubic contents, 103.
Cubicles, 285.
Curtains, 194.
Cutter, Charles A., 92, 189, 285, 325.
Cutting down cost, 104.
Dampness, 8.
Dana, John C, cited, 17, 65, 98, 99, 107, 269, 271, 319, 327.
Dark Ages, 77.
Dark places, 226.
Dark stacks, 295.
Darlington, Wis., P. L., 30.
Decoration, 114.
Delassert, 11.
Delivery desk, 248, 348.
Delivery room, 248, 225, 378.
Delivery station room, 378.
Department libraries, 60, 61.
Departments, 233.
heads of, 240.
Development, 10.
Dewey, Melvil, 68, 176, 193, 263, 265, 266, 268, 307, 326.
Dial, Chicago, 28.
Diffused light, 115.
Domes, 75, 109, 187.
Donors, 130.
Don’t build too soon, 99.
Don’t put off too long, 100.
Doors, 173, 174.
Doyle, ——, 254.
Drains, 215.
Dry-rot deadening, 121.
Duff-Brown, James, cited, 10, 11, 27, 85, 91, 95, 103, 113,
137, 139, 141, 143, 157, 175, 239, 250, 253, 256, 260, 274,
300, 309, 314, 315, 319, 320, 321, 323, 324, 331, 332, 334,
337, 341, 344, 345, 348, 354.
Duplicates, 328.
Durham, 6, 288.
Dust, 217, 219, 379.
Eastman, Wm. R., cited, 36, 38, 43, 84, 85, 93, 95, 96, 97,
112, 149, 155, 184, 209, 258, 265, 274, 344, 345.
Economy of expert advice, 87.
Economy paramount, 83.
Education, 332.
Educational libraries, 60.
Edwards, Edward, cited, 13, 130, 345.
Electric light, 202.
fixtures, 207.
switches, 203.
systems, 203.
Elevators, 220, 228, 291, 379.
Eliot, President, 171.
Elmendorf, Theresa West, 142, 155.
Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed.; cited, 22.
Endowed libraries, 65.
Enemies of books, 219.
Engineer, 379.
England, 77.
Enlargements, 73.
Entrances, 172.
Epilogue, 404.
Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass., 170, 287.
Equipment, 341.
Escorial, 8, 10.
Evolution of library buildings, 3, 90.
Exceptional cases, 71.
Executive offices, 369, 379.
Exhibitions, 334, 364, 380.
Expert advice, 87.
Experts, 359.
Experts’ fees, 86.
Exterior growth, 169.
Extras, 162.
Extravagances, 86.
Faults to be looked for, 109.
Faunce, Dr. W. H. P., 147.
Features, 163.
Fees, architects’, 144, 145, 161.
Fees, library advisers’, 145.
File your plans, 171, 216, 359.
Fire, 219.
Fire buckets, 221.
Fireplaces, 209.
Fireproof vaults, 223, 390.
Firmitas, 20.
Firmitas, Utilitas, Venustas, _Title_, 19.
Fittings, 354.
Fixtures, electric, 207.
Fletcher, Wm. I., cited, 10, 27, 65, 66, 85, 88, 91, 130, 141,
169, 181, 189, 194, 263, 273, 278, 281, 285, 337, 344.
Floor arrangements, 370.
cases, 273.
coverings, 185.
Floors, 185, 361, 380.
Folding press, 300.
Folios, 267.
Forecasting the years, 16.
Foster, Wm. E., 88, 154, 190, 278, 311, 346.
Fourth floor, 372.
France, National Library of, 11.
Frankness among librarians, 110.
Free advice, 137.
Freetown, Mass., P. L., 41.
Fresh air, 108.
Front door, 173.
Furniture, 341.
Galleries, 189.
Garage, 381.
Garnett, Dr. Richard, cited, 3, 40, 170, 232, 299, 300, 301,
330.
Gas, 201, 219.
Genealogical libraries, 59.
Gentleman’s Magazine, 301.
Gladstone, Wm. E., 47, 301.
Glare, 194, 201.
Glass, 198, 221.
ribbed, 294.
Glasgow (Scot.), 98.
Gloucester Cathedral, 288.
Good advice, 139.
Government libraries, 56.
Grades of libraries, 36.
Grandeur, 22.
Grant’s tomb, 150.
Grecian style, 118.
Green, Bernard R., 139, 147, 193, 197, 230, 279, 297, 330.
Green, Edward B., 25, 97, 134, 156.
Ground floor, 371.
Growth, limitations on, 170.
provision for, 169.
Half-hour reading, 313.
Hallam, ——, 141.
Halls, 175.
Hamburg, 23.
Hamlin, Prof. A. D. F., 34, 84, 367.
Handrails, 177, 319.
Hansard’s Debates, 301.
Hare, H. T., 269, 309.
Harvard College, 23, 126.
Harvard Law School, 285.
Harvard Univ. Lib., 12, 21, 280, 281, 285, 290, 301, 303.
Head room, 266, 307.
Health, 192.
Heat, 108, 219, 360.
Heating, 209, 296, 381.
Historical libraries, 56, 58.
History, ancient, 4.
dawn of, 3.
mediæval, 6.
modern, 10.
Hodges, N. D. C, 217.
Hot water heating, 211.
Ideal in planning, 79.
Illumination, N. Y., 201, 208, 382.
Indirect lighting, 204.
Information Room, 249, 338, 381.
Institution, The, 133.
Institutional libraries, 49, 50.
Interchange department, 381.
Interior growth, 169.
International Library Conference, cited, 39, 316.
Introduction, 1.
Ireland, 7.
Irrepressible conflict, 25.
Isadore, Bishop of Seville, 115.
Jackson, Annie B., 73.
James, Hannah P., 313.
Janitor, 251, 381.
Jenner, Henry, 300.
Jevons, Stanley, quoted, 126.
John Crerar L., Chicago, 205.
John Hay Library, Brown Univ., 105, 156, 205, 246, 287.
Jones, Gardner M., 290.
Judges of Competitions, 158, 359.
Judgment of the public, 127.
Keene Valley, N. Y., P. L., 209.
King’s College, Cambridge, 12.
Koch, Theodore W., cited, 16, 43, 95, 283, 287, 308.
Koopman, H. L., 205.
Lamm, E. N., 155.
Lane, Wm. C., 301, 302, 303.
Lane and Bolton, 337.
Lavatory, 258.
Law libraries, 54, 58.
Lectures, 333.
Ledges, 263, 291.
Leeds (Eng.) P. L., 98.
Leipsic, 23.
Leopoldo della Santa, 11.
Leyden, University of, 10, 273, 280.
Librarian, The (magazine), cited, 92, 95, 185, 212, 300, 301.
Librarian’s room, 239, 371, 379.
Library, The (magazine), cited, 231, 301.
Library Adviser, 143, 152.
Library Architect, 42.
Library Assistant, The (magazine), cited, 104, 315, 316, 332.
Library Association of the United Kingdom, 299.
Library Association Record, cited, 67, 93, 144, 167, 189, 192,
198, 221, 253, 254, 256, 261, 269, 301, 309, 317, 320, 323,
325, 330.
Library Bureau, 96, 139, 342.
Library Chronicle, cited, 300.
Library Journal, N. Y., cited, 14, 15, 21, 28, 34, 39, 57, 58,
61, 63, 67, 69, 74, 84, 85, 88, 89, 93, 97, 99, 105, 112, 134,
139, 141, 142, 144, 147, 148, 154, 155, 156, 161, 176, 189,
193, 197, 200, 208, 235, 256, 265, 274, 278, 279, 280, 292,
297, 307, 310, 313, 319, 325, 332, 337, 344, 345, 348.
Library of Congress—_see_ Congress.
Library Notes (magazine), cited, 99, 192, 263, 265, 268, 299,
301.
Library science, 17, 27.
Library World, cited, 254.
Life of a library building, 97.
Lifts, 220, 228, 291, 379.
Light, 108, 109, 191, 201, 249, 308, 359, 382.
artificial, 201, 382.
natural, 193.
reflected, 115, 203.
Light-reading room, 305, 313.
Lighting, indirect, 204.
Lightning, 221.
Little, George T., 75, 301, 302, 303.
Local history, 237.
Local librarian as expert, 141, 152.
Local literature, 323.
Lockers, 382.
Lunch rooms, 257, 387.
Lymburn, James, 300, 304.
Magazines, 313, 314, 383.
Magnusson, 11.
Main floor, 371.
Manchester (Eng.) P. L., 98.
Manuscripts, 382.
Maps, 331, 382.
Marble, 23.
Marks, L. B., 208.
Marston’s Mills, Mass., P. L., 41.
Marvin, Cornelia, cited, 30, 36, 38, 42, 43, 89, 95, 96, 97,
103, 105, 116, 147, 148, 155, 169, 179, 180, 186, 194, 248,
254, 258, 259, 265, 266, 269, 271, 285, 334, 339, 342, 345, 353.
Massachusetts Report of 1899, cited, 40, 41, 95, 130.
Massachusetts State Library, 289, 336.
Material, 23, 61, 117, 177, 220, 360.
Matthews, E. R. N., 251, 253, 255.
Mauran, John L., 89, 141, 155, 161.
Mayhew, H. M., 301.
Mazarin, Cardinal, 9.
Mechanical carriers, 62, 118, 230, 375.
Mechanical service, 370.
Mediæval history, 6.
Medical libraries, 52.
Mendon, Mass., P. L., 41.
Mercantile libraries, 49, 71.
Merton College L., Oxford, 7.
Mezzanine floors, 181, 372.
Mice, 219.
Middle of blocks, 87.
Minimum buildings, 52.
Model of plan, 162.
Moderate and medium libraries, 44.
Modern history, 21.
Monasteries, 6, 9.
Mt. Holyoke College L., 190.
Museums, 72.
Music, 331, 382.
Neglect, 219.
Never copy blindly, 92.
Newark P. L., 176.
Newberry Library, Chicago, 11, 278, 307.
New York branch libraries, 69, 71, 208, 317.
New York P. L., 174, 177, 212, 256, 295, 306, 359.
Newspapers, 316, 383.
bound, 336.
Nineteenth Century (magazine), cited, 47, 301.
North Adams, Mass., P. L., 73.
North Carolina University L., 12.
North Scituate, Mass., P. L., 41.
Oil lights, 201.
Olmsted, F. L., Jr., 367.
Order of work, 159.
Ornament, 109, 114, 128.
Otis, W. A., 93, 117, 149.
Our own era, 13.
Packing room, 251, 383.
Pamphlets, 335.
Panelled ceilings, 183.
Parliament, Library of, Ottawa, 276.
Partitions, 183.
Passages, 175.
Patent Office Gazette, 302, 303.
Patent Office Library, London, 300.
Patents, 326, 383.
Patton, N. S., cited, 25, 63, 80, 139.
Periodicals, 313, 314, 335, 383.
Perkins, F. B., 305.
Personnel, 123.
Philadelphia P. L., 67.
Photographic room, 330, 365, 372, 384.
Photographs, 330, 374.
Pilgrims, 11.
Pisistratus, 4.
Pite, Beresford, 24, 114.
Pivot-press, 300.
Place among buildings, 128.
Plan inside first, 90.
Plans, American, 95, 96. English, 95, 96.
examining, 94.
filing, 171, 216, 359.
Plumbing, 215.
Plummer, Mary W., 137.
Pneumatic tubes, 384.
Points of agreement, 13, 15, 16, 90.
Poole, Dr. Wm. F., 11, 65, 80, 92, 99, 138, 143, 268, 314, 316,
322, 337.
Poole’s Index, 336.
Poole plan, 11, 278, 304, 307, 322.
Popular Science Monthly, cited, 63.
Porticoes, 109, 172.
Portland, Ore., P. L., 254.
Present, The, 16.
Princeton University, L., 276.
Principles of planning, 77, 79.
Printing, 253, 254, 384.
Prints, 329, 330.
Prismatic glass, 194.
Privacy, 189, 307.
Private libraries, 47.
Problem always new, 89.
Proctor, Prof., 192.
Professional libraries, 51.
Proprietary libraries, 49.
Protection from enemies, 219.
Providence P. L., 190, 249, 278, 338, 346.
Provincetown, Mass., P. L., 41.
Ptolemy Philadelphus, 4.
Public, The, 125.
Public Documents, 57, 327, 384.
Public judgment, 140.
Public libraries, 65.
Public Libraries (magazine) cited, 25, 39, 40, 63, 65, 80, 89,
93, 97, 99, 134, 143, 149, 155, 156, 180, 181, 189, 220, 248,
254, 256, 257, 269, 283, 295, 307, 332.
Public Libraries 1876, cited, 80, 88, 138, 182, 236, 247, 251,
256, 264, 268, 280, 285, 310, 313, 314, 316, 319, 324, 326,
337, 342.
Public photographing, room, 330, 365, 372, 384.
Public waiting rooms, 242.
Puget Sound, 23.
Quartos, 267.
Queen’s College L., Cambridge (Eng.), 295.
Quiet, 307.
Radcliffe Library, Oxford, 11.
Radial cases, 274.
Radiators, 211, 384.
Ranck, S. H., 39, 308.
Rare books, 272, 302, 385.
Reading, light, 313.
serious, 306, 363.
Reading-room, 62, 305, 362.
Reading-rooms, central, 225.
shelves in, 271.
Redwood Library, Newport, 11.
Reference room, 310, 385.
Reformation, 9.
Registration, 385.
Reinick, Wm. R., 222.
Report of Oculists, etc., 115, 205, 207.
Rest rooms, 257.
Restaurant, 372, 384.
Revolving bookcases, 310.
Revolving doors, 173.
Richardson, E. C., 310.
Richardson, Henry H., 14.
Rochester, N. Y., Law Lib., 275.
Rochester, N. Y., P. L., 88.
Rolling cases, 299.
Roof, 109, 187, 220, 386.
Rooms, 179, 233, 362.
Rooms, alphabetical list of, 373.
public, 362, 368.
work, 369.
Safes, fireproof, 223.
Saint Charles College, La., 222.
Sainte Geneviève Bibliothèque, 15, 92.
Saint John’s College, Cambridge (Eng.), 9.
Saint Louis Public Library, 71, 185, 206, 260, 325, 333.
Salem, Mass., P. L., 74, 200, 287.
Sanitary facilities, 259.
School libraries, 60.
Schoolhouse, 31.
Schuyler, Montgomery, 118.
Science, 326.
Scientific libraries, 51.
Scituate, Mass., P. L., 41.
Second floor, 372.
Selecting an architect, 146.
Seminar rooms, 60, 62, 63.
Serial sets, 335, 383.
Serious reading room, 306.
Service, 112.
Sewers, 215.
Shelf capacity, 277, 311.
bases, 263.
ledges, 265.
Shelves in reading rooms, 269.
Shelving, fixed or movable, 263.
generally, 262.
high or low, 266.
wall, 271.
wood or metal, 264, 282.
Site, 128, 163.
Size, 102, 104.
Sizes of books, 267.
Skylights, 199.
Sliding cases, 75, 299.
Small library buildings, 38, 42, 59.
Social law library, Boston, 54, 55.
Sorbonne, Library of, 194.
Southwick, Mass., P. L., 41.
Space, 309.
Special collections, 337.
Special libraries, 52.
Special rooms, 322.
Specialists, 208.
Spirit of planning, 79.
Springfield, Mass., P. L., 157, 185, 275.
Stack, 14, 45, 46, 61, 161, 222, 225.
aisles, 289.
broken floors, 289.
capacity, 298.
carrels, 286.
dark, 288.
details, 288.
lighting, 292.
location, 283.
open access, 286.
shell, 283.
shelves, 292.
stairs, 176, 290.
towers, 297.
use by readers, 284.
windows, 294.
Stacks generally, 280, 361, 370, 386.
Stacks underground, 296.
Staff quarters, 241, 243, 387.
Stair landings, 177.
treads, 176.
Stairs, 109, 176, 290, 388.
winding, 177, 246, 298.
Standard Library, 190, 311, 388.
Standpipes, 221.
Stanley, ——, 61, 105.
State libraries, 56.
State library commissions, 137.
Steam heat, 211.
Steel construction, 18, 29, 45.
Stenographer’s rooms, 243, 388.
Steps, outside, 172.
Stetson, W. K., 176, 235.
Store-rooms, 227, 388.
Stories, 109, 179.
Storm doors, 174.
Stoves, 207.
Straight, Maude W., 254.
Study of libraries, 94.
Study rooms, 69, 270, 324, 363, 388.
Sturgis, Dictionary of Architecture, cited, 39, 44, 117, 118,
154, 198, 199, 283, 293.
Suburban libraries, 70.
Superintendents, 389.
Supervision, 113.
Supplies, 389.
Sutton, Charles W., quoted, 67, 256.
Tables, 344.
Tact, 81.
Taj Mahal, 132.
Talk, 339.
Taps for cleaning, 218.
Taste, 81.
Telautograph, 232.
Telephones, 62, 232, 389.
Temperature, 212.
Templeton, Mass., P. L., 41.
Third floor, 372.
Theological libraries, 52.
Thermometers, 212, 354.
Thoroughness, 81.
Thrift, 81.
Thwaites, Dr. Reuben G., 297.
Time to build, 99.
Todd, David P., 141.
Toilet rooms, 259, 390.
Top floors, 71, 180, 320.
Traveling libraries, 256, 390.
Trinity College L., Cambridge (Eng.), 9.
Trinity College L., Dublin, 10, 300.
Trustees, 134.
election of, 126.
room, 237.
Tubes, Speaking, etc., 62, 232, 384.
Tunnels, 231.
Umbrellas, 345.
Unassigned rooms, 339.
Underdraining, 215.
U.S. Educational Report (1892-1893), 256.
U.S. Government libraries, 56.
U.S. Navy Dept. library, 24.
U.S. Public Libraries—_see_ P. L., 1876.
U.S. Supreme Court building, 56.
University libraries, 60, 75.
Unusual sizes of books, 267.
Use, Utilitas, 21, 27.
Useful arts, 326.
Utilising every inch, 82.
Utley, H. M., 39.
Van Name, Addison, 168.
Vatican library, 5, 47.
Vaults, 223, 390.
Vehicles, 260.
Ventilation, 108, 197, 209, 296, 308, 390.
by window-bar, 210.
Venustas, 22.
Vermin, 219.
Very large buildings, 45.
Vestibules, 173.
Visits to libraries, 94.
Vitruvius, 19, 20.
Waiting rooms, public, 242.
Wall shelving, 271.
Walls, 183.
Ware and Van Brunt, 280.
Warehouse for work, 253, 254.
Wash-bowls, 218.
Washington, George, quoted, 125.
Waste of space, 109.
Water, 219, 221, 390.
Webster’s Dictionary, 288.
Wellman, Hiller C., 275.
Westbury, Mass., P. L., 41.
West Tisbury, Mass., P. L., 41.
What conflict is possible? 32.
What contest is likely? 34.
Where does the library come in? 31.
Where lies the blame? 35.
Which should prevail? 152.
Whitney, James L., 193.
Whittington, Sir Richard, 8.
Widman, ——, 222.
Wilson, R. E., 256.
Winding stairs, 177.
Window bar ventilation, 210.
Windows, 109, 196, 390.
false, 295.
true, 294.
Windsor, P. L., 332.
Winsor, Justin, 80, 92, 120, 247, 251, 256, 280, 313, 324, 326,
337.
Wisconsin Historical Society, 59, 325.
Wise election of Trustees, 126.
Wolfenbüttel Library, 11.
Women’s rooms, 320.
Wood as fuel, 209.
for building, 23.
Woodbine, H., 261, 301.
Workshops, 31.
Wraps, 257.
Wren, Sir Christopher, 9.
Writing room, 391.
Y. M. C. A. libraries, 50.
Zutphen (Holland), 8.
Epilogue
The outline sketched in this volume should suggest, even to skimmers,—
That the business of planning a library is specific, technical and
minute;—
That it is like the planning of other useful structures which can be
spoiled by blunders of ignorance, or by sins done in the name of art;—
That it is folly to leave such serious work to tyros or dabblers,—even to
architects who are amateur librarians;—
That a committee can direct, an architect can construct, but only a wise
and mature librarian can plan a library where the staff can work, and
where the readers can see, think and breathe.