till he saw folk gathered together on the beach and heard them say, “O
Moslems, there remaineth no honour to Alexandria-city, since the Franks
enter it and snatch away those who are therein and return to their own
land, at their leisure[547] nor pursued of any of the Moslems or
fighters for the Faith!” Quoth Nur al-Din to them, “What is to do?”; and
quoth they, “O my son, one of the ships of the Franks, full of armed
men, came down but now upon the port and carried off a ship which was
moored here, with her that was therein, and made unmolested for their
own land.” Nur al-Din fell down a-swoon, on hearing these words; and
when he recovered they questioned him of his case and he told them all
that had befallen him first and last; whereupon they all took to
reviling him and railing at him, saying, “Why couldst thou not bring her
up into the town without mantilla and muffler?” And all and each of the
folk gave him some grievous word, berating him with sharp speech, and
shooting at him some shaft of reproach, albeit one said, “Let him be;
that which hath befallen him sufficeth him,” till he again fell down in
a fainting-fit. And behold, at this moment, up came the old druggist,
who, seeing the folk gathered together, drew near to learn what was the
matter and found Nur al-Din lying a-swoon in their midst. So he sat down
at his head and arousing him, said to him as soon as he recovered, “O my
son, what is this case in which I see thee?” Nur al-Din said, “O uncle,
I had brought back in a barque my lost slave-girl from her father’s
city, suffering patiently all I suffered of perils and hardships; and
when I came with her to this port, I made the vessel fast to the shore
and leaving her therein, repaired to thy dwelling and took of thy
consort what was needful for her, that I might bring her up into the
town; but the Franks came and capturing barque and damsel made off
unhindered, and returned to their own land.” Now when the Shaykh, the
druggist, heard this, the light in his eyes became night and he grieved
with sore grieving for Nur al-Din and said to him, “O my son, why didst
thou not bring her out of the ship into the city without mantilla? But
speech availeth not at this season; so rise, O my son, and come up with
me to the city; haply Allah will vouchsafe thee a girl fairer than she,
who shall console thee for her. Alhamdolillah—praised be Allah—who hath
not made thee lose aught by her! Nay, thou hast gained by her. And
bethink thee, O my son, that Union and Disunion are in the hands of the
Most High King.” Replied Nur al-Din, “By Allah, O uncle, I can never be
consoled for her loss nor will I ever leave seeking her, though on her
account I drink the cup of death!” Rejoined the druggist, “O my son, and
what art thou minded to do?” Quoth Nur al-Din, “I am minded to return to
the land of the Franks[548] and enter the city of France and emperil
myself there; come what may, loss of life or gain of life.” Quoth the
druggist, “O my son, there is an old saw:—Not always doth the crock
escape the shock; and if they did thee no hurt the first time, belike
they will slay thee this time, more by token that they know thee now
with full knowledge.” Quoth Nur al-Din, “O my uncle, let me set out and
be slain for the love of her straightway and not die of despair for her
loss by slow torments.” Now as Fate determined there was then a ship in
port ready to sail, for its passengers had made an end of their
affairs[549] and the sailors had pulled up the mooring-stakes, when Nur
al-Din embarked in her. So they shook out their canvas and relying on
the Compassionate, put out to sea and sailed many days, with fair wind
and weather, till behold, they fell in with certain of the Frank
cruisers, which were scouring those waters and seizing upon all ships
they saw, in their fear for the King’s daughter from the Moslem
corsairs: and as often as they made prize of a Moslem ship, they carried
all her people to the King of France, who put them to death in
fulfilment of the vow he had vowed on account of his daughter Miriam.
So, seeing the ship wherein was Nur al-Din they boarded her and taking
him and the rest of the company prisoners, to the number of an hundred
Moslems, carried them to the King and set them between his hands. He
bade cut their throats. Accordingly they slaughtered them all forthwith,
one after another, till there was none left but Nur al-Din, whom the
headsman had left to the last, in pity of his tender age and slender
shape. When the King saw him, he knew him right well and said to him,
“Art thou not Nur al-Din, who was with us before?” Said he, “I was never
with thee; and my name is not Nur al-Din, but Ibrahim.” Rejoined the
King; “Thou liest, thou art Nur al-Din, he whom I gave to the ancient
dame the Prioress, to help her in the service of the church.” But Nur
al-Din replied, “O my lord, my name is Ibrahim.” Quoth the King, “Wait a
while,” and bade his knights fetch the old woman forthright, saying,
“When she cometh and seeth thee, she will know an thou be Nur al-Din or
not.” At this juncture, behold, in came the one-eyed Wazir who had
married the Princess and kissing the earth before the King said to him,
“Know, O King, that the palace is finished; and thou knowest now I vowed
to the Messiah that, when I had made an end of building it, I would cut
thirty Moslems’ throats before its doors; wherefore I am come to take
them of thee, that I may sacrifice them and so fulfil my vow to the
Messiah. They shall be at my charge, by way of loan, and whenas there
come prisoners to my hands, I will give thee other thirty in lieu of
them.” Replied the King, “By the virtue of the Messiah and the Faith
which is no liar, I have but this one captive left!” And he pointed to
Nur al-Din, saying, “Take him and slaughter him at this very moment and
the rest I will send thee, when there come to my hands other prisoners
of the Moslems.” Thereupon the one-eyed Wazir arose and took Nur al-Din
and carried him to his palace, thinking to slaughter him on the
threshold of the gate; but the painters said to him, “O my lord, we have
two days’ painting yet to do: so bear with us and delay to cut the
throat of this captive, till we have made an end of our work; haply by
that time the rest of the thirty will come, so thou mayst despatch them
all at one bout and accomplish thy vow in a single day.” Thereupon the
Wazir bade imprison Nur al-Din——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day
and ceased saying her permitted say.
Now when it was the Eight Hundred and Eighty-seventh Night,
She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the Wazir
bade imprison Nur al-Din, they carried him to the stables and left him
there in chains, hungering and thirsting and making moan for himself;
for indeed he saw death face to face. Now it fortuned, by the ordinance
of Destiny and foreordained Fate, that the King had two stallions, own
brothers,[550] such as the Chosroe Kings might sigh in vain to possess
themselves of one of them; they were called Sábik and Láhik[551] and one
of them was pure silvern white while the other was black as the darksome
night. And all the Kings of the isles had said, “Whoso stealeth us one
of these stallions, we will give him all he seeketh of red gold and
pearls and gems;” but none could avail to steal them. Now one of them
fell sick of a jaundice and there came a whiteness over his eyes[552];
whereupon the King gathered together all the farriers in the city to
treat him; but they all failed of his cure. Presently the Wazir came
into the King; and finding him troubled because of the horse, thought to
do away his concern and said to him, “O King, give me the stallion and I
will cure him.” The King consented and caused carry the horse to the
stable wherein Nur al-Din lay chained; but, when he missed his brother,
he cried out with an exceeding great cry and neighed, so that he
affrighted all the folk. The Wazir, seeing that he did thus but because
he was parted from his brother, went to tell the King, who said, “If
this, which is but a beast, cannot brook to be parted from his brother,
how should it be with those that have reason?” And he bade his grooms
take the other horse and put him with his brother in the Wazir’s
stables, saying, “Tell the Minister that the two stallions be a gift
from me to him, for the sake of my daughter Miriam.” Nur al-Din was
lying in the stable, chained and shackled, when they brought in the two
stallions and he saw that one of them had a film over his eyes. Now he
had some knowledge of horses and of the doctoring of their diseases; so
he said to himself, “This by Allah is my opportunity! I will go to the
Wazir and lie to him, saying, “I will heal thee this horse:” then will I
do with him somewhat that shall destroy his eyes, and he will slay me
and I shall be at rest from this woe-full life.” So he waited till the
Wazir entered the stable, to look upon the steed, and said to him, “O my
lord, what will be my due, an I heal this horse, and make his eyes whole
again?” Replied the Wazir, “As my head liveth, an thou cure him, I will
spare thy life and give thee leave to crave a boon of me!” And Nur
al-Din said, “O my lord, bid my hands be unbound!” So the Wazir bade
unbind him and he rose and taking virgin glass,[553] brayed it and mixed
it with unslaked lime and a menstruum of onion-juice. Then he applied
the whole to the horse’s eyes and bound them up, saying in himself, “Now
will his eyes be put out and they will slay me and I shall be at rest
from this woe-full life.” Then he passed the night with a heart free
from the uncertainty[554] of cark and care, humbling himself to Allah
the Most High and saying, “O Lord, in Thy knowledge is that which
dispenseth with asking and craving!” Now when the morning morrowed and
the sun shone, the Wazir came to the stable and, loosing the bandage
from the horse’s eyes considered them and found them finer than before,
by the ordinance of the King who openeth evermore. So he said to Nur
al-Din, “O Moslem, never in the world saw I the like of thee for the
excellence of thy knowledge. By the virtue of the Messiah and the Faith
which is no liar, thou makest me with wonder to admire, for all the
farriers of our land have failed to heal this horse!” Then he went up to
Nur al-Din and, doing off his shackles with his own hand, clad him in a
costly dress and made him his master of the Horse; and he appointed him
stipends and allowances and lodged him in a story over the stables. So
Nur al-Din abode awhile, eating and drinking and making merry and
bidding and forbidding those who tended the horses; and whoso neglected
or failed to fodder those tied up in the stable wherein was his service,
he would throw down and beat with grievous beating and lay him by the
legs in bilboes of iron. Furthermore, he used every day to descend and
visit the stallions and rub them down with his own hand, by reason of
that which he knew of their value in the Wazir’s eyes and his love for
them; wherefore the Minister rejoiced in him with joy exceeding and his
breast broadened and he was right glad, unknowing what was to be the
issue of his case. Now in the new palace, which the one-eyed Wazir had
bought for the Princess Miriam, was a lattice-window overlooking his old
house and the flat wherein Nur al-Din lodged. The Wazir had a daughter,
a virgin of extreme loveliness, as she were a fleeing gazelle or a
bending branchlet, and it chanced that she sat one day at the lattice
aforesaid and behold, she heard Nur al-Din singing and solacing himself
under his sorrows by improvising these verses:—
O my Censor who wakest a-morn to see ✿ The joys of life and its jubilee!
Had the fangs of Destiny bitten thee ✿ In such bitter case thou hadst
pled this plea:—
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
But from Fate’s despight thou art safe this day;— ✿ From her falsest fay
and her crying “Nay!”
Yet blame him not whom his woes waylay ✿ Who distraught shall say in his
agony,
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
Excuse such lovers in flight abhorr’d ✿ Nor to Love’s distresses thine
aid afford:
Lest thy self be bound by same binding cord ✿ And drink of Love’s
bitterest injury.
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
In His service I wont as the days went by ✿ With freest heart through
the nights to lie;
Nor tasted wake, nor of Love aught reckt ✿ Ere my heart to subjection
summoned he:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
None weet of Love and his humbling wrong ✿ Save those he sickened so
sore, so long,
Who have lost their wits ’mid the lover-throng ✿ Draining bitterest cup
by his hard decree:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
How oft in Night’s gloom he cause wake to rue ✿ Lovers’ eyne, and from
eyelids their sleep withdrew;
Till tears to the railing of torrents grew, ✿ Overflowing cheeks,
unconfined and free:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
How many a man he has joyed to steep ✿ In pain, and for pine hath he
plundered sleep,—
Made don garb of mourning the deepest deep ✿ And even his dreaming
forced to flee:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
How oft sufferance fails me! How bones are wasted ✿ And down my cheeks
torrent tear-drops hasted:
And embittered She all the food I tasted ✿ However sweet it was wont to
be:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
Most hapless of men who like me must love, ✿ And must watch when Night
droops her wing from above,
Who, Swimming the main where affection drove ✿ Must sigh and sink in
that gloomy sea:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
Who is he to whom Love e’er stinted spite ✿ And who scaped his springes
and easy sleight;
Who free from Love lived in life’s delight? ✿ Where is he can boast of
such liberty?
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
Deign Lord such suffering wight maintain ✿ Then best Protector, protect
him deign!
Establish him and his life assain ✿ And defend him from all calamity:
Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:
My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!
And when Nur al-Din ended his say and ceased to sing his rhyming lay,
the Wazir’s daughter said to herself, “By the virtue of the Messiah and
the Faith which is no liar, verily this Moslem is a handsome youth! But
doubtless he is a lover separated from his mistress. Would Heaven I wot
an the beloved of this fair one is fair like unto him and if she pine
for him as he for her! An she be seemly as he is, it behoveth him to
pour forth tears and make moan of passion; but, an she be other than
fair, his days are wasted in vain regrets and he is denied the taste of
delights.”——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say
her permitted say.
Now when it was the Eight Hundred and Eighty-eighth Night,
She continued, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that the Wazir’s
daughter said to herself, “An his beloved be fair as he, it behoveth him
to pour forth tears; and, if other than fair, his heart is wasted in
vain regrets!” Now Miriam the Girdle-girl, the Minister’s consort, had
removed to the new palace the day before and the Wazir’s daughter knew
that she was straitened of breast; so she was minded to seek her and
talk with her and tell her the tidings of the young man and the rhymes
and verses she had heard him recite; but, before she could carry out her
design the Princess sent for her to cheer her with her converse. So she
went to her and found her heavy at heart and her tears hurrying down her
cheeks; and whilst she was weeping with sore weeping she recited these
couplets:
My life is gone but love-longings remain ✿ And my breast is straitened
with pine and pain:
And my heart for parting to melt is fain ✿ Yet hoping that union will
come again,
And join us in one who now are twain.
Stint your blame to him who in heart’s your thrall ✿ With the wasted
frame which his sorrows gall,
Nor with aim of arrow his heart appal ✿ For parted lover is saddest of
all,
And Love’s cup of bitters is sweet to drain!
Quoth the Wazir’s daughter to her, “What aileth thee, O Princess, to be
thus straitened in breast and sorrowful of thought?” Whereupon Miriam
recalled the greatness of the delights that were past and recited these
two couplets:—
I will bear in patience estrangement of friend ✿ And on cheeks rail
tears that like torrents wend:
Haply Allah will solace my sorrow, for He ✿ Neath the ribs of unease
maketh ease at end.
Said the Wazir’s daughter, “O Princess, let not thy breast be
straitened, but come with me straightway to the lattice; for there is
with us in the stable[555] a comely young man, slender of shape and
sweet of speech, and meseemeth he is a parted lover.” Miriam asked, “And
by what sign knowest thou that he is a parted lover?”; and she answered,
“O Queen, I know it by his improvising odes and verses all watches of
the night and tides of the day.” Quoth the Princess in herself, “If what
the Wazir’s daughter says be true, these are assuredly the traits of the
baffled, the wretched Ali Nur al-Din. Would I knew if indeed he be the
youth of whom she speaketh?” At this thought, love-longing and
distraction of passion redoubled on her and she rose at once and walking
with the maiden to the lattice, looked down upon the stables, where she
saw her love and lord Nur al-Din and fixing her eyes steadfastly upon
him, knew him with the bestest knowledge of love, albeit he was sick, of
the greatness of his affection for her and of the fire of passion, and
the anguish of separation and yearning and distraction. Sore upon him
was emaciation and he was improvising and saying:—
My heart is a thrall; my tears ne’er abate ✿ And their rains the railing
of clouds amate;
’Twixt my weeping and watching and wanting love; ✿ And whining and
pining for dearest mate.
Ah my burning heat, my desire, my lowe! ✿ For the plagues that torture
my heart are eight;
And five upon five are in suite of them; ✿ So stand and listen to all I
state:
Mem’ry, madding thoughts, moaning languishment, ✿ Stress of longing
love, plight disconsolate;
In travail, affliction and strangerhood, ✿ And annoy and joy when on her
I wait.
Fail me patience and stay for engrossing care ✿ And sorrows my suffering
soul regrate.
On my heart the possession of passion grows ✿ O who ask of what fire in
my heart’s create,
Why my tears in vitals should kindle flame, ✿ Burning heart with ardours
insatiate,
Know, I’m drowned in Deluge[556] of tears and my soul ✿ From Lazá-lowe
fares to Háwiyah-goal.[557]
When the Princess Miriam beheld Nur al-Din and heard his loquence and
verse and speech, she made certain that it was indeed her lord Nur
al-Din; but she concealed her case from the Wazir’s daughter and said to
her, “By the virtue of the Messiah and the Faith which is no liar, I
thought not thou knewest of my sadness!” Then she arose forthright and
withdrawing from the window, returned to her own place, whilst the
Wazir’s daughter went to her own occupations. The Princess awaited
patiently awhile, then returned to the window and sat there, gazing upon
her beloved Nur al-Din and delighting her eyes with his beauty and inner
and outer grace. And indeed, she saw that he was like unto moon at full
on fourteenth night; but he was ever sighing with tears never drying,
for that he recalled whatso he had been abying. So he recited these
couplets:—
I hope for Union with my love which I may ne’er obtain ✿ At all, but
bitterness of life is all the gain I gain:
My tears are likest to the main for ebb and flow of tide; ✿ But when I
meet the blamer-wight to staunch my tears I’m fain.
Woe to the wretch who garred us part by spelling of his spells;[558] ✿
Could I but hend his tongue in hand I’d cut his tongue in twain:
Yet will I never blame the days for whatso deed they did ✿ Mingling with
merest, purest gall the cup they made me drain!
To whom shall I address myself; and whom but you shall seek ✿ A heart
left hostage in your Court, by you a captive ta’en?
Who shall avenge my wrongs on you,[559] tyrant despotical ✿ Whose
tyranny but grows the more, the more I dare complain?
I made him regnant of my soul that he the reign assain ✿ But me he
wasted wasting too the soul I gave to reign.
Ho thou, the Fawn, whom I so lief erst gathered to my breast ✿ Enow of
severance tasted I to own its might and main,
Thou’rt he whose favours joined in one all beauties known to man, ✿ Yet
I thereon have wasted all my Patience’ fair domain.
I entertained him in my heart whereto he brought unrest ✿ But I am
satisfied that I such guest could entertain.
My tears for ever flow and flood, likest the surging sea ✿ And would I
wot the track to take that I thereto attain.
Yet sore I fear that I shall die in depths of my chagrin ✿ And must
despair for evermore to win the wish I’d win.
When Miriam heard the verses of Nur al-Din the loving-hearted, the
parted; they kindled in her vitals a fire of desire, and, whilst her
eyes ran over with tears, she recited these two couplets:—
I longed for him I love; but, when we met, ✿ I was amazed nor tongue nor
eyes I found.
I had got ready volumes of reproach; ✿ But when we met, could syllable
no sound.
When Nur al-Din heard the voice of Princess Miriam, he knew it and wept
bitter tears, saying, “By Allah, this is the chanting of the Lady
Miriam.”——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her
permitted say.
NOTE. (p. 93).—There is something wondrous naïve in a lover who, when
asked by his mistress to sing a song in her honour, breaks out into
versical praises of her parts. But even the classical Arab authors did
not disdain such themes. See in Al-Harírí (Ass. of Mayyáfarikín) where
Abú Zayd laments the impotency of old age in form of a Rasy or funeral
oration (Preston p. 484, and Chenery p. 221). It completely deceived Sir
William Jones, who inserted it into the chapter “De Poesi Funebri,” p.
527 (Poeseos Asiaticæ Commentarii) gravely noting, “Hæc Elegia non
admodum dissimilis esse videtur pulcherrimi illius carminis de Sauli et
Jonathani obitu; at que adeò versus iste ’ubi provocant adversarios
nunquam rediit a pugnæ contentione sine spiculo sanguine imbuto,’ ex
Hebræo reddi videtur,
A sanguine occisorum, a fortium virorum adipe,
Arcus Jonathani non rediit irritus.”
I need hardly say with Captain Lockett (226) that this “Sabb warrior,”
this Arabian Achilles is the celebrated Bonus Deus or Hellespontiacus of
the Ancients. The oration runs thus:—
O folk I have a wondrous tale, so rare
Much shall it profit hearers wise and ware!
I saw in salad-years a potent Brave
And sharp of edge and point his warrior glaive;
Who entered joust and list with hardiment
Fearless of risk, of victory confident,
His vigorous onset straitest places oped
And easy passage through all narrows groped:
He ne’er encountered foe in single fight
But came from tilt with spear in blood stained bright;
Nor stormed a fortress howso strong and stark—
With fencèd gates defended deep and dark—
When shown his flag without th’ auspicious cry
“Aidance from Allah and fair victory nigh!”[560]
Thuswise full many a night his part he played
In strength and youth-tide’s stately garb arrayed,
Dealing to fair young girl delicious joy
And no less welcome to the blooming boy.
But Time ne’er ceased to stint his wondrous strength
(Steadfast and upright as the gallows’ length)
Until the Nights o’erthrew him by their might
And friends contemned him for a feckless wight;
Nor was a wizard but who wasted skill
Over his case, nor leach could heal his ill.
Then he abandoned arms abandoned him
Who gave and took salutes so fierce and grim;
And now lies prostrate drooping haughty crest;
For who lives longest him most ills molest.
Then see him, here he lies on bier for bed:—
Who will a shroud bestow on stranger dead?
A fair measure of the difference between Eastern and Western manners is
afforded by such a theme being treated by their gravest writers and the
verses being read and heard by the gravest and most worshipful men,
whilst amongst us Preston and Chenery do not dare even to translate
them. The latter, indeed, had all that immodest modesty for which
English professional society is notable in this xix^{th} century. He
spoiled by needlessly excluding from a scientific publication (Mem.
R.A.S.) all of my Proverbia Communia Syriaca (See Unexplored Syria, i.
364) and every item which had a shade of double entendre. But Nemesis
frequently found him out: during his short and obscure rule in Printing
House Square The Thunderer was distinguished by two of the foulest
indecencies that ever appeared in an English paper.
-----
Footnote 376:
I borrow the title from the Bresl. Edit. x. 204. Mr. Payne prefers
“Ali Noureddin and the Frank King’s Daughter.” Lane omits also this
tale because it resembles Ali Shar and Zumurrud (vol. iv. 187) and Alá
al-Din Abu al-Shámát (vol. iv. 29), “neither of which is among the
text of the collection.” But he has unconsciously omitted one of the
highest interest. Dr. Bacher (Germ. Orient. Soc.) finds the original
in Charlemagne’s daughter Emma and his secretary Eginhardt as given in
Grimm’s _Deutsche Sagen_. I shall note the points of resemblance as
the tale proceeds. The correspondence with the King of France may be a
garbled account of the letters which passed between Harun al-Rashid
and Nicephorus, “the Roman dog.”
Footnote 377:
Arab. “Allaho Akbar,” the Moslem slogan or war-cry. See vol. ii. 89.
Footnote 378:
The gate-keeper of Paradise. See vol. iii. 15, 20.
Footnote 379:
Negroes. Vol. iii. 75.
Footnote 380:
Arab. “Nakat,” with the double meaning of to spot and to handsel
especially dancing and singing women; and, as Mr. Payne notes in this
acceptation it is practically equivalent to the English phrase “to
mark (or cross) the palm with silver.” I have translated “Anwá” by
Pleiads; but it means the setting of one star and simultaneous rising
of another foreshowing rain. There are seven Anwá (plur. of nawa) in
the Solar year viz. Al-Badri (Sept.-Oct.); Al-Wasmiyy (late autumn and
December); Al-Waliyy (to April); Al-Ghamír (June); Al-Busriyy (July);
Bárih al-Kayz (August) and Ahrák al-Hawá extending to September 8.
These are tokens of approaching rain, metaphorically used by the poets
to express “bounty.” See Preston’s Hariri (p. 43) and Chenery upon the
Ass. of the Banu Haram.
Footnote 381:
_i.e._ They trip and stumble in their hurry to get there.
Footnote 382:
Arab. “Kumm” = sleeve or petal. See vol. v. 32.
Footnote 383:
Arab. “Kiráb” = sword-case of wood, the sheath being of leather.
Footnote 384:
Arab. “Akr kayrawán,” both rare words.
Footnote 385:
A doubtful tradition in the Mishkát al-Masábih declares that every
pomegranate contains a grain from Paradise. See vol. i. 134. The
Koranic reference is to vi. 99.
Footnote 386:
Arab. “Aswad,” lit. black but used for any dark colour, here green as
opposed to the lighter yellow.
Footnote 387:
The idea has occurred in vol. i. 158.
Footnote 388:
So called from the places where they grow.
Footnote 389:
See vol. vii. for the almond-apricot whose stone is cracked to get at
the kernel.
Footnote 390:
For Roum see vol. iv. 100: in Morocco “Roumi” means simply a European.
The tetrastich alludes to the beauty of the Greek slaves.
Footnote 391:
Arab. “Ahlan” in adverb form lit. = “as one of the household”: so in
the greeting “Ahlan wa Sahlan” (and at thine ease), wa Marhabá (having
a wide free place).
Footnote 392:
For the Sufrah table-cloth see vol. i. 178.
Footnote 393:
See vol. iii. 302, for the unclean allusion in fig and sycamore.
Footnote 394:
In the text “of Tor”: see vol. ii. 242. The pear is mentioned by Homer
and grows wild in South Europe. Dr. Victor Hehn (The Wanderings of
Plants, etc.) comparing the Gr. ἄπιος with the Lat. pyrus, suggests
that the latter passed over to the Kelts and Germans amongst whom the
fruit was not indigenous. Our fine pears are mostly from the East.
_e.g._ the “bergamot” is the Beg Armud, Prince of Pears, from Angora.
Footnote 395:
_i.e._ “Royal:” it may or may not come from Sultaníyah, a town near
Baghdad. See vol. i. 83; where it applies to oranges and citrons.
Footnote 396:
’Andam = Dragon’s blood: see vol. iii. 263.
Footnote 397:
Arab. “Jamár,” the palm-pith and cabbage, both eaten by Arabs with
sugar.
Footnote 398:
Arab. “Anwár” = lights, flowers (mostly yellow): hence the Moroccan
“N’wár,” with its usual abuse of Wakf or quiescence.
Footnote 399:
Mr. Payne quotes Eugène Fromentin, “Un Eté dans le Sahara,” Paris,
1857, p. 194. Apricot drying can be seen upon all the roofs at
Damascus where, however, the season for each fruit is unpleasantly
short, ending almost as soon as it begins.
Footnote 400:
Arab. Jalájal = small bells for falcons: in Port. cascaveis, whence
our word.
Footnote 401:
Khulanján. Sic all editions; but Khalanj, or Khaulanj adj. Khalanji, a
tree with a strong-smelling wood which held in hand as a chaplet acts
as perfume, as is probably intended. In Span. Arabic it is the
Erica-wood. The “Muhit” tells us that is a tree parcel yellow and red
growing in parts of India and China, its leaf is that of the Tamarisk
(Tarfá); its flower is coloured red, yellow and white; it bears a
grain like mustard-seed (Khardal) and of its wood they make
porringers. Hence the poet sings:—