Then Nur al-Din walked on along the sea-shore and turned right and left,

till he saw folk gathered together on the beach and heard them say, “O

Moslems, there remaineth no honour to Alexandria-city, since the Franks

enter it and snatch away those who are therein and return to their own

land, at their leisure[547] nor pursued of any of the Moslems or

fighters for the Faith!” Quoth Nur al-Din to them, “What is to do?”; and

quoth they, “O my son, one of the ships of the Franks, full of armed

men, came down but now upon the port and carried off a ship which was

moored here, with her that was therein, and made unmolested for their

own land.” Nur al-Din fell down a-swoon, on hearing these words; and

when he recovered they questioned him of his case and he told them all

that had befallen him first and last; whereupon they all took to

reviling him and railing at him, saying, “Why couldst thou not bring her

up into the town without mantilla and muffler?” And all and each of the

folk gave him some grievous word, berating him with sharp speech, and

shooting at him some shaft of reproach, albeit one said, “Let him be;

that which hath befallen him sufficeth him,” till he again fell down in

a fainting-fit. And behold, at this moment, up came the old druggist,

who, seeing the folk gathered together, drew near to learn what was the

matter and found Nur al-Din lying a-swoon in their midst. So he sat down

at his head and arousing him, said to him as soon as he recovered, “O my

son, what is this case in which I see thee?” Nur al-Din said, “O uncle,

I had brought back in a barque my lost slave-girl from her father’s

city, suffering patiently all I suffered of perils and hardships; and

when I came with her to this port, I made the vessel fast to the shore

and leaving her therein, repaired to thy dwelling and took of thy

consort what was needful for her, that I might bring her up into the

town; but the Franks came and capturing barque and damsel made off

unhindered, and returned to their own land.” Now when the Shaykh, the

druggist, heard this, the light in his eyes became night and he grieved

with sore grieving for Nur al-Din and said to him, “O my son, why didst

thou not bring her out of the ship into the city without mantilla? But

speech availeth not at this season; so rise, O my son, and come up with

me to the city; haply Allah will vouchsafe thee a girl fairer than she,

who shall console thee for her. Alhamdolillah—praised be Allah—who hath

not made thee lose aught by her! Nay, thou hast gained by her. And

bethink thee, O my son, that Union and Disunion are in the hands of the

Most High King.” Replied Nur al-Din, “By Allah, O uncle, I can never be

consoled for her loss nor will I ever leave seeking her, though on her

account I drink the cup of death!” Rejoined the druggist, “O my son, and

what art thou minded to do?” Quoth Nur al-Din, “I am minded to return to

the land of the Franks[548] and enter the city of France and emperil

myself there; come what may, loss of life or gain of life.” Quoth the

druggist, “O my son, there is an old saw:—Not always doth the crock

escape the shock; and if they did thee no hurt the first time, belike

they will slay thee this time, more by token that they know thee now

with full knowledge.” Quoth Nur al-Din, “O my uncle, let me set out and

be slain for the love of her straightway and not die of despair for her

loss by slow torments.” Now as Fate determined there was then a ship in

port ready to sail, for its passengers had made an end of their

affairs[549] and the sailors had pulled up the mooring-stakes, when Nur

al-Din embarked in her. So they shook out their canvas and relying on

the Compassionate, put out to sea and sailed many days, with fair wind

and weather, till behold, they fell in with certain of the Frank

cruisers, which were scouring those waters and seizing upon all ships

they saw, in their fear for the King’s daughter from the Moslem

corsairs: and as often as they made prize of a Moslem ship, they carried

all her people to the King of France, who put them to death in

fulfilment of the vow he had vowed on account of his daughter Miriam.

So, seeing the ship wherein was Nur al-Din they boarded her and taking

him and the rest of the company prisoners, to the number of an hundred

Moslems, carried them to the King and set them between his hands. He

bade cut their throats. Accordingly they slaughtered them all forthwith,

one after another, till there was none left but Nur al-Din, whom the

headsman had left to the last, in pity of his tender age and slender

shape. When the King saw him, he knew him right well and said to him,

“Art thou not Nur al-Din, who was with us before?” Said he, “I was never

with thee; and my name is not Nur al-Din, but Ibrahim.” Rejoined the

King; “Thou liest, thou art Nur al-Din, he whom I gave to the ancient

dame the Prioress, to help her in the service of the church.” But Nur

al-Din replied, “O my lord, my name is Ibrahim.” Quoth the King, “Wait a

while,” and bade his knights fetch the old woman forthright, saying,

“When she cometh and seeth thee, she will know an thou be Nur al-Din or

not.” At this juncture, behold, in came the one-eyed Wazir who had

married the Princess and kissing the earth before the King said to him,

“Know, O King, that the palace is finished; and thou knowest now I vowed

to the Messiah that, when I had made an end of building it, I would cut

thirty Moslems’ throats before its doors; wherefore I am come to take

them of thee, that I may sacrifice them and so fulfil my vow to the

Messiah. They shall be at my charge, by way of loan, and whenas there

come prisoners to my hands, I will give thee other thirty in lieu of

them.” Replied the King, “By the virtue of the Messiah and the Faith

which is no liar, I have but this one captive left!” And he pointed to

Nur al-Din, saying, “Take him and slaughter him at this very moment and

the rest I will send thee, when there come to my hands other prisoners

of the Moslems.” Thereupon the one-eyed Wazir arose and took Nur al-Din

and carried him to his palace, thinking to slaughter him on the

threshold of the gate; but the painters said to him, “O my lord, we have

two days’ painting yet to do: so bear with us and delay to cut the

throat of this captive, till we have made an end of our work; haply by

that time the rest of the thirty will come, so thou mayst despatch them

all at one bout and accomplish thy vow in a single day.” Thereupon the

Wazir bade imprison Nur al-Din——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day

and ceased saying her permitted say.

Now when it was the Eight Hundred and Eighty-seventh Night,

She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the Wazir

bade imprison Nur al-Din, they carried him to the stables and left him

there in chains, hungering and thirsting and making moan for himself;

for indeed he saw death face to face. Now it fortuned, by the ordinance

of Destiny and foreordained Fate, that the King had two stallions, own

brothers,[550] such as the Chosroe Kings might sigh in vain to possess

themselves of one of them; they were called Sábik and Láhik[551] and one

of them was pure silvern white while the other was black as the darksome

night. And all the Kings of the isles had said, “Whoso stealeth us one

of these stallions, we will give him all he seeketh of red gold and

pearls and gems;” but none could avail to steal them. Now one of them

fell sick of a jaundice and there came a whiteness over his eyes[552];

whereupon the King gathered together all the farriers in the city to

treat him; but they all failed of his cure. Presently the Wazir came

into the King; and finding him troubled because of the horse, thought to

do away his concern and said to him, “O King, give me the stallion and I

will cure him.” The King consented and caused carry the horse to the

stable wherein Nur al-Din lay chained; but, when he missed his brother,

he cried out with an exceeding great cry and neighed, so that he

affrighted all the folk. The Wazir, seeing that he did thus but because

he was parted from his brother, went to tell the King, who said, “If

this, which is but a beast, cannot brook to be parted from his brother,

how should it be with those that have reason?” And he bade his grooms

take the other horse and put him with his brother in the Wazir’s

stables, saying, “Tell the Minister that the two stallions be a gift

from me to him, for the sake of my daughter Miriam.” Nur al-Din was

lying in the stable, chained and shackled, when they brought in the two

stallions and he saw that one of them had a film over his eyes. Now he

had some knowledge of horses and of the doctoring of their diseases; so

he said to himself, “This by Allah is my opportunity! I will go to the

Wazir and lie to him, saying, “I will heal thee this horse:” then will I

do with him somewhat that shall destroy his eyes, and he will slay me

and I shall be at rest from this woe-full life.” So he waited till the

Wazir entered the stable, to look upon the steed, and said to him, “O my

lord, what will be my due, an I heal this horse, and make his eyes whole

again?” Replied the Wazir, “As my head liveth, an thou cure him, I will

spare thy life and give thee leave to crave a boon of me!” And Nur

al-Din said, “O my lord, bid my hands be unbound!” So the Wazir bade

unbind him and he rose and taking virgin glass,[553] brayed it and mixed

it with unslaked lime and a menstruum of onion-juice. Then he applied

the whole to the horse’s eyes and bound them up, saying in himself, “Now

will his eyes be put out and they will slay me and I shall be at rest

from this woe-full life.” Then he passed the night with a heart free

from the uncertainty[554] of cark and care, humbling himself to Allah

the Most High and saying, “O Lord, in Thy knowledge is that which

dispenseth with asking and craving!” Now when the morning morrowed and

the sun shone, the Wazir came to the stable and, loosing the bandage

from the horse’s eyes considered them and found them finer than before,

by the ordinance of the King who openeth evermore. So he said to Nur

al-Din, “O Moslem, never in the world saw I the like of thee for the

excellence of thy knowledge. By the virtue of the Messiah and the Faith

which is no liar, thou makest me with wonder to admire, for all the

farriers of our land have failed to heal this horse!” Then he went up to

Nur al-Din and, doing off his shackles with his own hand, clad him in a

costly dress and made him his master of the Horse; and he appointed him

stipends and allowances and lodged him in a story over the stables. So

Nur al-Din abode awhile, eating and drinking and making merry and

bidding and forbidding those who tended the horses; and whoso neglected

or failed to fodder those tied up in the stable wherein was his service,

he would throw down and beat with grievous beating and lay him by the

legs in bilboes of iron. Furthermore, he used every day to descend and

visit the stallions and rub them down with his own hand, by reason of

that which he knew of their value in the Wazir’s eyes and his love for

them; wherefore the Minister rejoiced in him with joy exceeding and his

breast broadened and he was right glad, unknowing what was to be the

issue of his case. Now in the new palace, which the one-eyed Wazir had

bought for the Princess Miriam, was a lattice-window overlooking his old

house and the flat wherein Nur al-Din lodged. The Wazir had a daughter,

a virgin of extreme loveliness, as she were a fleeing gazelle or a

bending branchlet, and it chanced that she sat one day at the lattice

aforesaid and behold, she heard Nur al-Din singing and solacing himself

under his sorrows by improvising these verses:—

O my Censor who wakest a-morn to see ✿ The joys of life and its jubilee!

Had the fangs of Destiny bitten thee ✿ In such bitter case thou hadst

pled this plea:—

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

But from Fate’s despight thou art safe this day;— ✿ From her falsest fay

and her crying “Nay!”

Yet blame him not whom his woes waylay ✿ Who distraught shall say in his

agony,

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

Excuse such lovers in flight abhorr’d ✿ Nor to Love’s distresses thine

aid afford:

Lest thy self be bound by same binding cord ✿ And drink of Love’s

bitterest injury.

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

In His service I wont as the days went by ✿ With freest heart through

the nights to lie;

Nor tasted wake, nor of Love aught reckt ✿ Ere my heart to subjection

summoned he:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

None weet of Love and his humbling wrong ✿ Save those he sickened so

sore, so long,

Who have lost their wits ’mid the lover-throng ✿ Draining bitterest cup

by his hard decree:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

How oft in Night’s gloom he cause wake to rue ✿ Lovers’ eyne, and from

eyelids their sleep withdrew;

Till tears to the railing of torrents grew, ✿ Overflowing cheeks,

unconfined and free:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

How many a man he has joyed to steep ✿ In pain, and for pine hath he

plundered sleep,—

Made don garb of mourning the deepest deep ✿ And even his dreaming

forced to flee:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

How oft sufferance fails me! How bones are wasted ✿ And down my cheeks

torrent tear-drops hasted:

And embittered She all the food I tasted ✿ However sweet it was wont to

be:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

Most hapless of men who like me must love, ✿ And must watch when Night

droops her wing from above,

Who, Swimming the main where affection drove ✿ Must sigh and sink in

that gloomy sea:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

Who is he to whom Love e’er stinted spite ✿ And who scaped his springes

and easy sleight;

Who free from Love lived in life’s delight? ✿ Where is he can boast of

such liberty?

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

Deign Lord such suffering wight maintain ✿ Then best Protector, protect

him deign!

Establish him and his life assain ✿ And defend him from all calamity:

Ah me, for Love and his case, ah me:

My heart is burnt by the fires I dree!

And when Nur al-Din ended his say and ceased to sing his rhyming lay,

the Wazir’s daughter said to herself, “By the virtue of the Messiah and

the Faith which is no liar, verily this Moslem is a handsome youth! But

doubtless he is a lover separated from his mistress. Would Heaven I wot

an the beloved of this fair one is fair like unto him and if she pine

for him as he for her! An she be seemly as he is, it behoveth him to

pour forth tears and make moan of passion; but, an she be other than

fair, his days are wasted in vain regrets and he is denied the taste of

delights.”——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say

her permitted say.

Now when it was the Eight Hundred and Eighty-eighth Night,

She continued, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that the Wazir’s

daughter said to herself, “An his beloved be fair as he, it behoveth him

to pour forth tears; and, if other than fair, his heart is wasted in

vain regrets!” Now Miriam the Girdle-girl, the Minister’s consort, had

removed to the new palace the day before and the Wazir’s daughter knew

that she was straitened of breast; so she was minded to seek her and

talk with her and tell her the tidings of the young man and the rhymes

and verses she had heard him recite; but, before she could carry out her

design the Princess sent for her to cheer her with her converse. So she

went to her and found her heavy at heart and her tears hurrying down her

cheeks; and whilst she was weeping with sore weeping she recited these

couplets:

My life is gone but love-longings remain ✿ And my breast is straitened

with pine and pain:

And my heart for parting to melt is fain ✿ Yet hoping that union will

come again,

And join us in one who now are twain.

Stint your blame to him who in heart’s your thrall ✿ With the wasted

frame which his sorrows gall,

Nor with aim of arrow his heart appal ✿ For parted lover is saddest of

all,

And Love’s cup of bitters is sweet to drain!

Quoth the Wazir’s daughter to her, “What aileth thee, O Princess, to be

thus straitened in breast and sorrowful of thought?” Whereupon Miriam

recalled the greatness of the delights that were past and recited these

two couplets:—

I will bear in patience estrangement of friend ✿ And on cheeks rail

tears that like torrents wend:

Haply Allah will solace my sorrow, for He ✿ Neath the ribs of unease

maketh ease at end.

Said the Wazir’s daughter, “O Princess, let not thy breast be

straitened, but come with me straightway to the lattice; for there is

with us in the stable[555] a comely young man, slender of shape and

sweet of speech, and meseemeth he is a parted lover.” Miriam asked, “And

by what sign knowest thou that he is a parted lover?”; and she answered,

“O Queen, I know it by his improvising odes and verses all watches of

the night and tides of the day.” Quoth the Princess in herself, “If what

the Wazir’s daughter says be true, these are assuredly the traits of the

baffled, the wretched Ali Nur al-Din. Would I knew if indeed he be the

youth of whom she speaketh?” At this thought, love-longing and

distraction of passion redoubled on her and she rose at once and walking

with the maiden to the lattice, looked down upon the stables, where she

saw her love and lord Nur al-Din and fixing her eyes steadfastly upon

him, knew him with the bestest knowledge of love, albeit he was sick, of

the greatness of his affection for her and of the fire of passion, and

the anguish of separation and yearning and distraction. Sore upon him

was emaciation and he was improvising and saying:—

My heart is a thrall; my tears ne’er abate ✿ And their rains the railing

of clouds amate;

’Twixt my weeping and watching and wanting love; ✿ And whining and

pining for dearest mate.

Ah my burning heat, my desire, my lowe! ✿ For the plagues that torture

my heart are eight;

And five upon five are in suite of them; ✿ So stand and listen to all I

state:

Mem’ry, madding thoughts, moaning languishment, ✿ Stress of longing

love, plight disconsolate;

In travail, affliction and strangerhood, ✿ And annoy and joy when on her

I wait.

Fail me patience and stay for engrossing care ✿ And sorrows my suffering

soul regrate.

On my heart the possession of passion grows ✿ O who ask of what fire in

my heart’s create,

Why my tears in vitals should kindle flame, ✿ Burning heart with ardours

insatiate,

Know, I’m drowned in Deluge[556] of tears and my soul ✿ From Lazá-lowe

fares to Háwiyah-goal.[557]

When the Princess Miriam beheld Nur al-Din and heard his loquence and

verse and speech, she made certain that it was indeed her lord Nur

al-Din; but she concealed her case from the Wazir’s daughter and said to

her, “By the virtue of the Messiah and the Faith which is no liar, I

thought not thou knewest of my sadness!” Then she arose forthright and

withdrawing from the window, returned to her own place, whilst the

Wazir’s daughter went to her own occupations. The Princess awaited

patiently awhile, then returned to the window and sat there, gazing upon

her beloved Nur al-Din and delighting her eyes with his beauty and inner

and outer grace. And indeed, she saw that he was like unto moon at full

on fourteenth night; but he was ever sighing with tears never drying,

for that he recalled whatso he had been abying. So he recited these

couplets:—

I hope for Union with my love which I may ne’er obtain ✿ At all, but

bitterness of life is all the gain I gain:

My tears are likest to the main for ebb and flow of tide; ✿ But when I

meet the blamer-wight to staunch my tears I’m fain.

Woe to the wretch who garred us part by spelling of his spells;[558] ✿

Could I but hend his tongue in hand I’d cut his tongue in twain:

Yet will I never blame the days for whatso deed they did ✿ Mingling with

merest, purest gall the cup they made me drain!

To whom shall I address myself; and whom but you shall seek ✿ A heart

left hostage in your Court, by you a captive ta’en?

Who shall avenge my wrongs on you,[559] tyrant despotical ✿ Whose

tyranny but grows the more, the more I dare complain?

I made him regnant of my soul that he the reign assain ✿ But me he

wasted wasting too the soul I gave to reign.

Ho thou, the Fawn, whom I so lief erst gathered to my breast ✿ Enow of

severance tasted I to own its might and main,

Thou’rt he whose favours joined in one all beauties known to man, ✿ Yet

I thereon have wasted all my Patience’ fair domain.

I entertained him in my heart whereto he brought unrest ✿ But I am

satisfied that I such guest could entertain.

My tears for ever flow and flood, likest the surging sea ✿ And would I

wot the track to take that I thereto attain.

Yet sore I fear that I shall die in depths of my chagrin ✿ And must

despair for evermore to win the wish I’d win.

When Miriam heard the verses of Nur al-Din the loving-hearted, the

parted; they kindled in her vitals a fire of desire, and, whilst her

eyes ran over with tears, she recited these two couplets:—

I longed for him I love; but, when we met, ✿ I was amazed nor tongue nor

eyes I found.

I had got ready volumes of reproach; ✿ But when we met, could syllable

no sound.

When Nur al-Din heard the voice of Princess Miriam, he knew it and wept

bitter tears, saying, “By Allah, this is the chanting of the Lady

Miriam.”——And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her

permitted say.

NOTE. (p. 93).—There is something wondrous naïve in a lover who, when

asked by his mistress to sing a song in her honour, breaks out into

versical praises of her parts. But even the classical Arab authors did

not disdain such themes. See in Al-Harírí (Ass. of Mayyáfarikín) where

Abú Zayd laments the impotency of old age in form of a Rasy or funeral

oration (Preston p. 484, and Chenery p. 221). It completely deceived Sir

William Jones, who inserted it into the chapter “De Poesi Funebri,” p.

527 (Poeseos Asiaticæ Commentarii) gravely noting, “Hæc Elegia non

admodum dissimilis esse videtur pulcherrimi illius carminis de Sauli et

Jonathani obitu; at que adeò versus iste ’ubi provocant adversarios

nunquam rediit a pugnæ contentione sine spiculo sanguine imbuto,’ ex

Hebræo reddi videtur,

A sanguine occisorum, a fortium virorum adipe,

Arcus Jonathani non rediit irritus.”

I need hardly say with Captain Lockett (226) that this “Sabb warrior,”

this Arabian Achilles is the celebrated Bonus Deus or Hellespontiacus of

the Ancients. The oration runs thus:—

O folk I have a wondrous tale, so rare

Much shall it profit hearers wise and ware!

I saw in salad-years a potent Brave

And sharp of edge and point his warrior glaive;

Who entered joust and list with hardiment

Fearless of risk, of victory confident,

His vigorous onset straitest places oped

And easy passage through all narrows groped:

He ne’er encountered foe in single fight

But came from tilt with spear in blood stained bright;

Nor stormed a fortress howso strong and stark—

With fencèd gates defended deep and dark—

When shown his flag without th’ auspicious cry

“Aidance from Allah and fair victory nigh!”[560]

Thuswise full many a night his part he played

In strength and youth-tide’s stately garb arrayed,

Dealing to fair young girl delicious joy

And no less welcome to the blooming boy.

But Time ne’er ceased to stint his wondrous strength

(Steadfast and upright as the gallows’ length)

Until the Nights o’erthrew him by their might

And friends contemned him for a feckless wight;

Nor was a wizard but who wasted skill

Over his case, nor leach could heal his ill.

Then he abandoned arms abandoned him

Who gave and took salutes so fierce and grim;

And now lies prostrate drooping haughty crest;

For who lives longest him most ills molest.

Then see him, here he lies on bier for bed:—

Who will a shroud bestow on stranger dead?

A fair measure of the difference between Eastern and Western manners is

afforded by such a theme being treated by their gravest writers and the

verses being read and heard by the gravest and most worshipful men,

whilst amongst us Preston and Chenery do not dare even to translate

them. The latter, indeed, had all that immodest modesty for which

English professional society is notable in this xix^{th} century. He

spoiled by needlessly excluding from a scientific publication (Mem.

R.A.S.) all of my Proverbia Communia Syriaca (See Unexplored Syria, i.

364) and every item which had a shade of double entendre. But Nemesis

frequently found him out: during his short and obscure rule in Printing

House Square The Thunderer was distinguished by two of the foulest

indecencies that ever appeared in an English paper.

-----

Footnote 376:

I borrow the title from the Bresl. Edit. x. 204. Mr. Payne prefers

“Ali Noureddin and the Frank King’s Daughter.” Lane omits also this

tale because it resembles Ali Shar and Zumurrud (vol. iv. 187) and Alá

al-Din Abu al-Shámát (vol. iv. 29), “neither of which is among the

text of the collection.” But he has unconsciously omitted one of the

highest interest. Dr. Bacher (Germ. Orient. Soc.) finds the original

in Charlemagne’s daughter Emma and his secretary Eginhardt as given in

Grimm’s _Deutsche Sagen_. I shall note the points of resemblance as

the tale proceeds. The correspondence with the King of France may be a

garbled account of the letters which passed between Harun al-Rashid

and Nicephorus, “the Roman dog.”

Footnote 377:

Arab. “Allaho Akbar,” the Moslem slogan or war-cry. See vol. ii. 89.

Footnote 378:

The gate-keeper of Paradise. See vol. iii. 15, 20.

Footnote 379:

Negroes. Vol. iii. 75.

Footnote 380:

Arab. “Nakat,” with the double meaning of to spot and to handsel

especially dancing and singing women; and, as Mr. Payne notes in this

acceptation it is practically equivalent to the English phrase “to

mark (or cross) the palm with silver.” I have translated “Anwá” by

Pleiads; but it means the setting of one star and simultaneous rising

of another foreshowing rain. There are seven Anwá (plur. of nawa) in

the Solar year viz. Al-Badri (Sept.-Oct.); Al-Wasmiyy (late autumn and

December); Al-Waliyy (to April); Al-Ghamír (June); Al-Busriyy (July);

Bárih al-Kayz (August) and Ahrák al-Hawá extending to September 8.

These are tokens of approaching rain, metaphorically used by the poets

to express “bounty.” See Preston’s Hariri (p. 43) and Chenery upon the

Ass. of the Banu Haram.

Footnote 381:

_i.e._ They trip and stumble in their hurry to get there.

Footnote 382:

Arab. “Kumm” = sleeve or petal. See vol. v. 32.

Footnote 383:

Arab. “Kiráb” = sword-case of wood, the sheath being of leather.

Footnote 384:

Arab. “Akr kayrawán,” both rare words.

Footnote 385:

A doubtful tradition in the Mishkát al-Masábih declares that every

pomegranate contains a grain from Paradise. See vol. i. 134. The

Koranic reference is to vi. 99.

Footnote 386:

Arab. “Aswad,” lit. black but used for any dark colour, here green as

opposed to the lighter yellow.

Footnote 387:

The idea has occurred in vol. i. 158.

Footnote 388:

So called from the places where they grow.

Footnote 389:

See vol. vii. for the almond-apricot whose stone is cracked to get at

the kernel.

Footnote 390:

For Roum see vol. iv. 100: in Morocco “Roumi” means simply a European.

The tetrastich alludes to the beauty of the Greek slaves.

Footnote 391:

Arab. “Ahlan” in adverb form lit. = “as one of the household”: so in

the greeting “Ahlan wa Sahlan” (and at thine ease), wa Marhabá (having

a wide free place).

Footnote 392:

For the Sufrah table-cloth see vol. i. 178.

Footnote 393:

See vol. iii. 302, for the unclean allusion in fig and sycamore.

Footnote 394:

In the text “of Tor”: see vol. ii. 242. The pear is mentioned by Homer

and grows wild in South Europe. Dr. Victor Hehn (The Wanderings of

Plants, etc.) comparing the Gr. ἄπιος with the Lat. pyrus, suggests

that the latter passed over to the Kelts and Germans amongst whom the

fruit was not indigenous. Our fine pears are mostly from the East.

_e.g._ the “bergamot” is the Beg Armud, Prince of Pears, from Angora.

Footnote 395:

_i.e._ “Royal:” it may or may not come from Sultaníyah, a town near

Baghdad. See vol. i. 83; where it applies to oranges and citrons.

Footnote 396:

’Andam = Dragon’s blood: see vol. iii. 263.

Footnote 397:

Arab. “Jamár,” the palm-pith and cabbage, both eaten by Arabs with

sugar.

Footnote 398:

Arab. “Anwár” = lights, flowers (mostly yellow): hence the Moroccan

“N’wár,” with its usual abuse of Wakf or quiescence.

Footnote 399:

Mr. Payne quotes Eugène Fromentin, “Un Eté dans le Sahara,” Paris,

1857, p. 194. Apricot drying can be seen upon all the roofs at

Damascus where, however, the season for each fruit is unpleasantly

short, ending almost as soon as it begins.

Footnote 400:

Arab. Jalájal = small bells for falcons: in Port. cascaveis, whence

our word.

Footnote 401:

Khulanján. Sic all editions; but Khalanj, or Khaulanj adj. Khalanji, a

tree with a strong-smelling wood which held in hand as a chaplet acts

as perfume, as is probably intended. In Span. Arabic it is the

Erica-wood. The “Muhit” tells us that is a tree parcel yellow and red

growing in parts of India and China, its leaf is that of the Tamarisk

(Tarfá); its flower is coloured red, yellow and white; it bears a

grain like mustard-seed (Khardal) and of its wood they make

porringers. Hence the poet sings:—

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