summer or winter, and would cover as many miles as safety permitted,
arriving in camp dog-tired and dirty yet cheery and stroll to the
canteen for a couple of packets of “Smith’s Crisps”—chipped potatoes.
That would invariably mean his supper. Yet he would be loaded up with
good things for his room-mates. Fruit he loved, and would go a long
way for a good apple. Other fruits he liked, but the best was the
apple.
OFFER OF AIR OFFICER COMMANDING
‘The Air Commodore at Cranwell offered S. his house for the purpose
of spending Christmas, but no! He was an Aircraft hand and as
I’ve said before he kept his place as such, never allowing anything to
break him from his position in the R.A.F.
‘It seemed his sole purpose was to be an airman of the lowest grade
and rank and to be left alone with his Brough at “B” Flight, Cranwell.
He was hero-worshipped by all the flight for his never failing cheery
disposition, ability to get all he could for their benefit, never
complaining, and his generosity to all concerned till at times it
appeared that he was doing too much for everyone and all were out to
do their best for him. Quarrels ceased and the flight had to pull
together for the sheer joy of remaining in his company and being with
him for his companionship, help, habits, fun and teaching one and
all to play straight. He fathered us and left us a sorrowful crowd
awaiting letters or his return.
FLYING AND SCRUBBING
‘When opportunity permitted he made a point of flying with all the
officers in the flight so that each knew him well and in my opinion
were proud of the fact, the way they used to smile when he climbed
in with them. Flying is a very old hobby of his but although he has
crashed 7 times, still goes on. He even used to leave the office at
times, shove overalls on, and away out into the hangar, scrubbing and
washing machines down although there was never any need to do so. Just
to feel that he could do any job that came along. The number of times
he has corrected mistakes and styles of mine are innumerable but I’m
afraid I’ve slipped back during his absence. His languages got us
beat, although he would not shoot out anything out of place unless
asked, in that respect.
SCROUNGING
‘The hut table could be improved upon, so forthwith S. and a party
went away with it to exchange it for a lovely one in the mess-deck. He
made his only mistake by taking one that was marked by birds, and was
“rumbled,” but as usual got away with it. The Quartermaster was a good
sort. S. said so.
‘S. has been known to lift all manner of articles for our use,
sometimes going so far as to speak to the victim and walk away with
anything he fancied would be of use to us. Never for himself.
COAL
‘A good incident took place when the strike was on; all coal issues
were stopped and “B” Flight had only a lot of coal dust and slack.
‘S.’s sheer cheek got to work, and calmly filling a huge bucket with
dust he inquired the name of a Big officer who had stopped the issue.
Walking point blank to his office, he found that the officer had
not stopped his own coal ration, so he exchanged his load for some
wonderful pieces of coal as big as himself. No one has found out who
changed the dust yet. His comments were a broad grin and silence.
CIVIL POLICE
‘He was held up on three separate occasions by the same “copper” on
point duty in a traffic muddle in _Town_ (Sleaford) and reported the
matter to the Superintendent. He pointed out that police were the
servants of the public, paid by the public, and he did not think
that the “copper” on point duty knew his job, that he was decidedly
inefficient and a “_Swede_” (Airman’s term for villager). The
Super, and S. had a grand argument, but S.’s eloquence floored the
Super, and left him wondering what the R.A.F. had enlisted. That
“copper” is now permanently excused traffic-control.[8]
[8] The point of this story may be lost on most of my readers who
are unaware of the cavalier treatment that men in uniform usually
get at the hands of jacks-in-office. The Cranwell fellows were
astonished that Shaw was not arrested for making a protest against the
inefficiency of a police-constable.—R. G.
AIR DISPLAY
‘He took all the flight and wives to Hendon by charabanc although I
personally know that his ambition was to charter an Imperial Airways
machine and “do” it by air, but he was let down for a “Kite” at the
last minute.
‘Both going and coming he did not sit down for more than an hour,
continually watching traffic and direction, and never turned a hair
while the remainder slept or curled up, tired.
JOBS
‘On the summer holidays coming round he told us he had got the offer
of a job as a Steward aboard a liner going to U.S.A., but finally
turned it down owing to work on his book. (Wish this had come off.)
A VISIT
‘He used to Brough down to “Smoke” (London) most Saturdays to look
after his book being printed, sleeping at the Union Jack Club. One
night it was full, but they shoved him in somewhere. He came back and
gave us his views. He said what with sleeping in a dormitory with a
drunken sailor one side and a “blind” marine on the other there
was nothing to do but swear.’
Here ends Sergeant Pugh’s account.
* * * * *
So far as I know Lawrence has only once filled in a confession album;
for a comrade in the Royal Air Force. His statements are slight but
amusing, and may be taken entirely seriously:
Favourite colour: Scarlet.
„ dish: Bread and water.
„ musician: Mozart.
„ author: Wm. Morris
„ character in history: Nil.
„ place: London.
Greatest pleasure: Sleep.
„ pain: Noise.
„ fear: Animal spirits.
„ wish: To be forgotten of my friends.
His future plans are simply to stay out his full time in the Royal
Air Force, and afterwards to settle down quietly in some room in
London, ‘the only possible place to live in permanently,’ with a
country cottage somewhere for his occasional retreat, and a pair of
mechanically driven wheels to tie the two bedrooms together. But
whether he will succeed in settling down quietly is another question.
Mr. Winston Churchill’s short summary of Lawrence is a very penetrating
one: ‘A rare beast; will not breed in captivity.’ It has suggested the
text from the Vulgate, which I have made the motto to the book.
APPENDIX A
OPERATIONS BY BRITISH MOBILE COLUMN AGAINST HEJAZ RAILWAY
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
(1) Two companies, Imperial Camel Corps (Commander, Major R. V. Buxton;
strength 16 officers, 300 other ranks, 400 camels, with 6 Lewis guns)
have been placed temporarily at the disposal of Hejaz Operations, for
the purpose of carrying out the following operations on the Hejaz
Railway:
(_a_) To seize Mudawra,[9] with the primary object of destroying the
enemy’s valuable water supply at that place.
[9] The spelling of this report is not consistent with the spelling
I have used: but it does not matter. There is no accurate English
spelling of Arabic names.
(_b_) To destroy the main railway bridge and tunnel at Kissela, 5 miles
south of Amman,
or
should circumstances arise rendering (_b_) impracticable—
(_c_) The demolition of the railway bridge immediately north of Jurf Ed
Derwish, and the destruction of the enemy’s supply dumps and wells at
Jurf Station.
(2) The following instructions and attached march programme are based
on the assumption that objectives (_a_) and (_b_) will be carried out.
Should it prove necessary, as the second phase of the operations,
to substitute (_c_) for (_b_), which will be decided solely at the
discretion of the O.C., Imperial Camel Corps, these instructions will
be amended, and a revised plan prepared by the officer responsible for
its execution.
(3) MARCHES.
The column will march, subject to such modifications as may be imposed
by circumstances at present unforeseen, in accordance with the march
programme and time table attached marked ‘A.’
(4) OPERATIONS.
(_a_) The operations, both at Mudawra and at Kissela (or Jurf Ed
Derwish), will be carried out as night attacks, under cover of
darkness. In each case, the precise plan of attack will be decided,
after personal reconnaissance of the positions to be assaulted by the
O.C., I.C.C. In this connection, stress is laid upon the value to be
obtained by the element of surprise, the Turks in the Hejaz area being,
hitherto, unaccustomed to attack by night, and therefore, probably
ill-prepared to resist an operation of this nature.
(_b_) To provide artillery support during the operation against
Mudawra, the Hejaz ten-pounder section will be placed by the O.C.
Troops, Northern Hejaz, temporarily at the disposal of the O.C., I.C.C.
On the completion of this operation, the section will not proceed east
of the Railway, but will return independently to Guweira or elsewhere,
under the orders of the O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz.
(_c_) For the operation against Kissela, the O.C. Troops, Northern
Hejaz, should arrange for the co-operation of a detachment of armoured
cars, to be held in readiness at a suitable point east of the Railway
to cover the retirement of the column to Bair in the event of pursuit
by hostile cavalry from Amman.
(5) SUPPLIES.
The column will march from Akaba, carrying three days’ supplies and
water for men, and forage for animals. In addition, each man will
carry one day’s emergency iron ration, to be consumed only by direct
order of the O.C. Column.
Dumps for the replenishment of supplies and forage will be established,
in advance, under arrangements to be made by the O.C. Troops, Northern
Hejaz, as under:
(_a_) At Rum, 5 days’ rations for men and forage for animals.
(_b_) At El Jefer, 4 days’ rations for men and forage for animals.
(_c_) At Bair, 14 days’ rations for men and forage for animals.
(6) WATER.
Plentiful drinking water for men and animals will be found in the
following localities:
Rum, Mudawra, El Jefer, Bair, Wadi Dakhl (vide attached march tables).
(7) MEDICAL.
A casualty hamla, with capacity for dealing with 24 cases (12 sitting
and 12 lying) will be organized at Akaba, to accompany the column, by
Major Marshall, M.C., R.A.M.C., under instructions to be issued by the
O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz.
A general scheme for the evacuation of casualties during the operations
will be prepared by Major Marshall and forwarded through O.C. Troops,
Northern Hejaz, to this office for information as early as possible.
(8) AMMUNITION.
260 rounds S.A.A. per man, and 2,000 rounds per Lewis gun will be
carried.
(9) EXPLOSIVES.
(_a_) Under arrangements to be made by the O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz,
an explosive hamla, carrying 2,500 lb. of gun-cotton, will accompany
the column from Akaba to Mudawra. Empty camels and drivers should
return from Mudawra to Akaba on the conclusion of that phase of the
operations.
(_b_) For the operation at Kissela, arrangements should be made for an
explosive hamla carrying 6,000 lb. of gun-cotton to meet the column on
the arrival of the latter at Bair, whence it will accompany the column
to Kissela.
(10) GUIDES.
(_a_) For the first phase of the operations (from Akaba to El Jefer,
inclusive), the following arrangements should be made by the O.C.
Troops, Northern Hejaz, through Sherif Feisal.
(_a_) Guides (Amran Howeitat) to meet the column at Akaba and to
conduct it thence to Rum.
(_b_) A suitable Sherif selected by Sherif Feisal, together with the
requisite party of guides (Abu Tayi), to join the column at Rum, and
to conduct it thence to Mudawra, and subsequently from Mudawra to
El Jefer.
Provision of food for Arab guides, and of forage for their camels,
whilst employed with the column, should be included in the
arrangements to be made in accordance with para. 5 above (Supplies).
(_b_) The provision of guides required for the march of the column
north from El Jefer to Kissela, will be arranged on his arrival, by
Lieut.-Col. Lawrence.
(11) COMMUNICATIONS.
The O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz, should arrange for the closest
possible touch to be kept with the column whilst operating east of the
Railway, as far north as El Jefer (inclusive), by aeroplanes of the
Hejaz Flight.
If possible, similar arrangements will be made direct with G.H.Q.
for the maintenance of communication by aeroplane from the Palestine
Brigade during the second phase of the operations, north of Bair.
(12) ATTACHED OFFICERS.
The following officers should be detailed by the O.C. Troops, Northern
Hejaz, to accompany the column from Akaba:
Political Officer for Major Marshall, M.C., R.A.M.C.
liaison with Arabs: (In addition to duties as M.O.)
Demolition Officer: (_Either_) Capt. Scott-Higgins,
(_or_) Bimbashi Peake, E.A.
Staff Officer (for 1st Major Stirling, D.S.O., M.C.
phase of operations
as far as El Jefer only):
(13) The O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz, should report by telegram to
this office on the completion of the arrangements for which he is
responsible, vide paras. 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, and 12 above, confirming
in detail all measures taken by mail at first opportunity.
(14) Acknowledge by wire.
If available, it is suggested that the services of Sherif Hazaar, or
of Sherif Fahad, might be obtained.
(signed) A. C. DAWNAY.
CAIRO. Lt.-Col.,
SAVOY HOTEL, General Staff,
16_th July_, 1918. Hejaz Operations.
Copies: No. 1
No. 2 Hejaz Operations.
No. 3 O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz.
No. 4 O.C. Imperial Camel Corps.
No. 5 General Headquarters.
‘A’
PROVISIONAL MARCH PROGRAMME AND TIME TABLE
_Zero day._ _Column marches from Akaba._
Z+1 Akaba—Rum (11 hours).
Z+2
Z+3 Rest day, Rum.
Z+4 Rum—position of readiness West of
Z+5 Mudawra (14 hours).
Night Z5/Z6. Attack on Mudawra.
Z+6
Z+7 Mudawra—El Jefer (20 hours).
Z+8
Z+9 Rest day, El Jefer.
Z+10 El Jefer-Bair (13 hours).
Z+11
Z+12 Rest day, Bair.
Z+13
Z+14 Bair—position of readiness East of Kissela
(30 hours).
Z+15
Night Z15/Z16 Attack on Kissela bridge and tunnel.
Z+16
Z+17 Kissela—Bair (30 hours).
Z+18
Z+19 Rest days, Bair.
Z+20
Z+21
Z+22 Bair—Wadi Dakhl (24 hours).
Z+23
Z+24 Wadi Dakhl—Bir es Aaba (20 hours).
Z+25
NOTE.—All marches are estimated at an average rate of 3 1⁄2 miles per
hour.
SECRET
G.S.31
MAJOR R. V. BUXTON,
I.C.C. Ismailia.
In amplification of the special instructions, G.S.31, handed to you
on the 16th inst., should unforeseen circumstances arise rendering
both (_b_) and (_c_) objectives impracticable within the limit of time
fixed for these operations, you are authorized, after the attainment
of your first objective, to adopt, in consultation with Lieut.-Colonel
Joyce and Lieut.-Colonel Lawrence, as an alternative, any modified plan
of offensive action against the Hejaz Railway, _North_ of Maan,
which, in your opinion, the situation justifies, and of which local
circumstances allow.
(Sgd.) A. C. DAWNAY.
CAIRO. Lieut.-Colonel,
22_nd July_, 1918. General Staff,
Hejaz Operations.
Copy to: O.C. Troops, Northern Hejaz. For information.
APPENDIX B
LAWRENCE’S LETTER TO THE LONDON _TIMES_:
_July 22nd_, 1920.
SIR,—
In this week’s debate in the Commons on the Middle East a veteran of
the House expressed surprise that the Arabs of Mesopotamia were in
arms against us despite our well-meant mandate. His surprise has been
echoed here and there in the Press, and it seems to me based on such a
misconception of the new Asia and the history of the last five years,
that I would like to trespass at length on your space and give my
interpretation of the situation.
The Arabs rebelled against the Turks during the war not because the
Turk Government was notably bad, but because they wanted independence.
They did not risk their lives in battle to change masters, to become
British subjects or French citizens, but to win a show of their own.
Whether they are fit for independence or not remains to be tried. Merit
is no qualification for freedom. Bulgars, Afghans, and Tahitans have
it. Freedom is enjoyed when you are so well armed, or so turbulent,
or inhabit a country so thorny that the expense of your neighbour’s
occupying you is greater than the profit. Feisal’s Government in Syria
has been completely independent for two years, and has maintained
public security and public services in its area.
Mesopotamia has had less opportunity to prove its armament. It
never fought the Turks, and only fought perfunctorily against us.
Accordingly, we had to set up a war-time administration there. We had
no choice; but that was two years ago, and we have not yet changed
to peace conditions. Indeed there are yet no signs of change. ‘Large
reinforcements, according to the official statement, are now being
sent there, and our garrison will run into six figures next month. The
expense curve will go up to 50 million pounds for this financial year,
and yet greater efforts will be called for from us as the Mesopotamian
desire for independence grows.
It is not astonishing that their patience has broken after two years.
The Government we have set up is English in fashion, and is conducted
in the English language. So it has 450 British executive officers
running it, and not a single responsible Mesopotamian. In Turkish days
70 per cent, of the executive civil service was local. Our 80,000
troops there are occupied in police duties, not in guarding the
frontiers. They are holding down the people. In Turkish days the two
army corps in Mesopotamia were 60 per cent. Arab in officers, 95 per
cent, in other ranks. This deprivation of the privilege of sharing the
defence and administration of their country is galling to the educated
Mesopotamians. It is true we have increased prosperity—but who cares
for that when liberty is in the other scale? They waited and welcomed
the news of our mandate, because they thought it meant Dominion
self-government for themselves. They are now losing hope in our good
intentions.
A remedy? I can see a cure only in immediate change of policy. The
whole logic of the present thing looks wrong. Why should Englishmen (or
Indians) have to be killed to make the Arab Government in Mesopotamia,
which is the considered intention of His Majesty’s Government? I agree
with the intention, but I would make the Arabs do the work. They can.
My little experience in helping to set up Feisal showed me that the art
of government wants more character than brains.
I would make Arabic the Government language. This would impose
a reduction of the British staff, and a return to employment of the
qualified Arabs. I would raise two divisions of local volunteer troops,
all Arabs, from the senior divisional general to the junior private.
(Trained officers and trained N.C.O.’s exist in thousands.) I would
entrust these new units with the maintenance of order, and I would
cause to leave the country every single British soldier, every single
Indian soldier. These changes would take 12 months and we should then
hold of Mesopotamia exactly as much (or as little) as we hold of South
Africa or Canada. I believe the Arabs in these conditions would be as
loyal as anyone in the Empire, and they would not cost us a cent.
I shall be told that the idea of brown Dominions in the British
Empire is grotesque. Yet the Montagu scheme and the Milner scheme are
approaches to it, and the only alternative seems to be conquest, which
the ordinary Englishman does not want, and cannot afford.
Of course, there is oil in Mesopotamia, but we are no nearer that while
the Middle East remains at war, and I think if it is so necessary for
us, it could be made the subject of a bargain. The Arabs seem willing
to shed their blood for freedom; how much more their oil!
T. E. LAWRENCE.
ALL SOULS COLLEGE,
_July_ 22.
INDEX
Aba el Lissan (place), 195, 202, 208, 227, 228, 290, 293, 321, 323,
324, 330, 347, 350, 358, 413
Abd el Aziz (Sheikh), 366
Abd el Kader (the Algerian), 260–74, 287, 363, 375, 377, 378, 382, 384
Abd el Kerim (of the Juheina), 117–18, 126–7, 142
Abdul Hamid (Sultan), 63–7, 88
Abdulla (Machine-gun officer), 302–3
Abdulla el Zaagi (Captain of body-guard), 297, 308, 335, 342, 357, 358,
366, 369
Abdulla, Emir, 66, 79, 91–3, 116, 131, 136, 149–55, 169, 173, 177, 261,
294, 324, 398, 399–402, 413
Abdulla the Robber, 295–7, 357, 358
Abu Sawana (place), 275, 276, 279, 280
Abu Tayi (Howeitat clan), 147, 320 (etc., _see_ Auda)
Aden (place), 60
Adhub (Sheikh), 270, 271, 277, 284
Afuleh (place), 356, 359
Ageyl (class of), 109, 121, 133, 134, 138, 141, 145, 150, 163, 167,
201, 202, 225, 226, 262, 295, 296, 297, 302, 303, 305, 335
Ahmed (servant), 31
Aintab (place), 18
Akaba (place), 39, 143, 161–222, 226–9, 234, 249, 255, 257, 261,
288–90, 293, 294, 309, 314, 325–7, 335, 344, 347, 399, 401, 413, 415,
418
Aleppo, 27, 34, 36, 99, 129, 139, 183, 196, 223, 234, 257, 314, 351
Alexandretta, 36, 60, 72, 73, 116
Alexandria, 64
Ali (Emir), 60, 74, 78, 79, 92–4, 130, 294, 324
Ali ibn el Hussein (Sherif), 76, 97, 112, 259–88, 295, 355
Ali Riza Pasha (Governor of Damascus), 188, 266, 378, 385, 386, 399
Allenby, Lady, 246
Allenby, Field-Marshal Viscount, 24, 216–19, 223, 249, 254, 256, 258,
281, 290, 293, 313, 314, 320–7, 346, 348, 350, 358, 359, 362, 370, 373,
374, 387, 383, 411
Amman (place), 196, 300, 314, 316, 317, 321, 323, 324, 328, 344, 347,
348, 350, 359, 361, 373, 401, 407
Ammari (place), 270
Anatolia, 64, 85
Annad (Auda’s son), 194, 300
Apuleius, Marcus, 332
Arab Bureau, The, 90, 115, 219, 313
Arab Freedom Societies, 36, 69–74, 86, 106, 289, 374
Arfaja (place), 172, 176
Aristophanes, 160, 295
Armenians, 68, 77, 306
Atara (place), 316
Ateiba (tribe), 97, 109, 133, 152, 296, 309, 310
Athens, 84
Auda abu Tayi (Sheikh), 12, 147, 156–213, 220–2, 231, 233, 263, 299,
300, 318, 323, 348, 363–7, 371–2, 376–8, 399, 415
Australians, The, 72, 317, 359, 374, 380, 382–5
Austrians with Turks, 245, 364, 367
Ayesha, the Lady, 246
Aziz el Masri, 110, 117
Azrak (place), 190, 196–8, 224, 258, 259, 264, 273–80, 285–9, 341, 344,
347, 348, 358, 359, 371
Baalbek (place), 188, 189
Bagdad, 28, 36, 37, 108, 391, 393, 394, 396, 399
Baha (camel), 368, 369
Bair (place), 193, 194, 195, 201, 264, 265, 268, 288, 289, 290, 316,
335, 341, 347, 438–44
Baisan (place), 359
Baker, Sir Herbert, 420
Barrow, General, 369–74, 376
Basra, 187, 404
Batra (place), 250
Beersheba, 162, 256, 237, 264, 313, 335, 413
Bell, Miss Gertrude, 35, 171, 272
Bender (Emir Nuri’s nephew), 340
Beni Atiyeh (tribe), 146, 253, 265, 336
Beni Sakhr (tribe), 83, 190, 259, 265–85, 298, 320, 321, 341, 347, 373
Beyrout, 36, 183, 223, 385, 390, 391
Biasha (peasants), 261
Billi, The (tribe), 108, 117, 133, 135, 139, 142, 146, 147
Birejik (place), 19
Blenheim Palace, 53
Blunden, Edmund, 417
Blunts, The, 35, 171
Boanerges, _see_ Brough Superior
Bolsheviki, 186
Borneo, 20
Boyle, Admiral, 113, 125, 128, 135, 136
Brough Superior (motor-bicycle), 14, 424, 430
Buchan, Colonel J., 85
Bulgaria, 73, 314, 364
Burckhardt (traveller), 35
Buxton, Colonel, 317, 324, 325, 335–44, 438–445
Cairo, 36, 82–90, 95, 112, 113, 143, 144, 215, 329, 332, 393, 406
Carchemish, 20–38, 81, 165, 250
Carson, Lord, 315
Cecil, Lord Robert, 403
Chauvel, General, 371–7, 380, 383–7
Churchill, Right Hon. Winston, 51, 54, 394–8, 409, 437
Clausewitz, 151
Clemenceau, 389, 391, 393
Coleridge, S. T., 332
Constantinople, 36, 37, 72, 351
Contzen, Herr, 29–32
Cranwell, 407, 408, 426–37
Crusaders, The, 17, 18, 20, 21, 161, 311, 391
Cox, Sir Percy, 394
Curzon, Viscount, 394, 401, 402, 403
Dahoum (photographer at Carchemish), 34
Damascus, 36, 73, 76, 102, 129, 136, 137, 144, 178, 183, 184, 187–9,
196, 223, 224, 257–9, 298, 314, 326, 340, 345, 359, 362, 371–87,
390–9, 411
Dardanelles, The, 72, 227, 258, 356
Davenport, Colonel, 113, 245, 259
Dawnay, Colonel Alan, 315, 318, 319, 324, 325, 345, 406, 443–5
Dead Sea, The, 288, 293, 298, 312, 314
Deraa (place), 196, 201, 257, 286, 308, 322, 323–5, 344–73, 348,
350–73, 386, 411, 431
Desolate, The (desert), 170
Dinamit (Emir), 12
Distinguished Flying Cross, 328
Distinguished Service Order, 291, 307
Dizad (place), 169
Dorchester, 407, 421
Druse (Mountains and inhabitants), 183, 184, 188, 196, 273, 360, 362,
376, 382, 398
Doughty, C. M., 35, 295
Egyptian gunners, 79, 104, 120, 132
El Arish (place), 227
El Jedha (camel), 236
Enver Pasha, 68, 75, 85, 149, 356
Erzeroum (place); 85
Euphrates, River, 18, 27, 28, 38, 60, 86
Ezraa (place), 363
Fahad (Sheikh), 270, 271, 276–79, 284, 320, 355
Faiz, The (clan), 288, 289, 401
Fakhri, Pasha, 77, 154
Falkenhayn, General, 227
Faroun (island), 39
Farraj and Daud, 167, 169, 180–2, 212, 253, 261, 262, 270, 280, 295,
317, 329
Feisal, Emir, 59, 66, 71–80, etc., to 404
Foch, Marshal, 151, 305, 404
Fontana, Mrs., 27
Fowle, Mr., 26, 28
French Colonel, The, 88, 114, 128, 143, 144, 251
Gadara (place), 235, 259, 271, 274
Galilee, 235, 278, 364, 374