CHAPTER XXX.

A SOLDIER’S FUNERAL.

When a soldier dies notice is at once given to the officer in command of

his troop or company, and an inventory is taken of his effects.

The coffin is made (and paid for by means of the effects of the man,

which are sold by auction in the garrison after his funeral), and this,

with a few trifling fees, is the only expense. The coffin is carried

to the grave either on a gun carriage or by men belonging to the man’s

company, according to the service to which the man belongs.

The band, or the drums and fifes or bugles, of the regiment to which

the man belonged attend the funeral, and lead, playing the dead march;

then come a firing party, which are provided with three rounds of blank

cartridge; then the coffin and pall bearers, after which the mourners.

When any of the relatives of a soldier attend his funeral they follow

immediately behind the coffin; then come the men of the troop or company,

the order at a funeral being, that the juniors march nearest the coffin,

the seniors last. In all cases of the funeral of private soldiers there

is an officer in attendance, usually a subaltern officer, who commands

the party, and in the march follows in rear.

The firing party mainly indicates the military rank of the deceased

soldier. A private soldier or corporal being entitled to thirteen rank

and file; a sergeant to nineteen; a cornet or ensign to thirty; a

lieutenant to forty; a captain to one hundred; a major to two hundred; a

lieutenant-colonel to three-hundred, and a colonel by his own regiment.

When an officer above the rank of colonel is buried, there are cannon

employed instead of small arms. A brigadier’s funeral is attended by

two squadrons and one battalion, and a salute of nine cannon is given.

A major-general’s is attended by three squadrons and two battalions

and eleven pieces of cannon. A lieutenant-general’s thirteen pieces of

cannon, three battalions and four squadrons. A general’s with fifteen

pieces, four battalions, and six squadrons. And a field-marshal’s saluted

with seventeen pieces of cannon, and attended by six battalions and eight

squadrons.

When a general or flag officer is being conveyed to the grave, minute

guns are fired; but these are not to exceed the number to which the

officer was entitled when alive.

When an officer dies in any garrison town, it is customary to send round

with the orders, which are read by every officer each evening, a notice

to the effect that the funeral will take place on a particular day, and

any officers wishing to attend are to be at a place named at a given

hour. It is usual for every officer belonging to the regiment or corps of

the deceased in the garrison to attend, if not otherwise occupied, and

personal friends of the deceased follow also.

All officers who attend funerals appear in full dress with a piece of

black crape above the elbow of the left arm, this being the only mourning

allowed in the army. The pall-bearers, who should be of the same rank as

the deceased, usually wear a crape scarf in addition to the crape on the

arm.

When the officer belonged to the royal artillery or cavalry his charger

is led to the grave, saddled and equipped, the boots of his master being

suspended on each side of the saddle, the heels turned to the front. On

the coffin, the busby, helmet, or shako is placed, and the officer’s

sword-belt and gloves.

There are few things more imposing in outward appearance than a soldier’s

funeral. The slow, measured beat of the drum, the firing party marching

with their arms reversed, a position highly emblematic of grief, the

strange mixture of uniform and black pall, invariably tend to make

the bystanders feel that a soldier’s funeral is far more solemn and

impressive than is that of a civilian.

When the procession approaches the grave the firing party file to the

right and left, and thus form on either side; they then rest upon their

arms reversed, whilst the coffin is borne between the ranks. When the

coffin has been lowered into the grave and the service completed, three

rounds of blank cartridge are fired in the air as a _feu de joie_—a

somewhat inappropriate term for the occasion—but modified by an old

corporal who instructed us in the goose step, and who used to order us to

fire a “_few de joy_—as for the Queen’s birthday,” or “a _feu de wo_ for

a _funerial_.”

A soldier’s life is, when on service, passed amidst scenes of danger, and

thus probably he to a certain extent becomes indifferent to death; to

say the least, he has not time to grieve very long. Thus no sooner has

the ceremony of depositing his comrade in the earth been accomplished,

than the band, or drums and fifes, which so solemnly performed the dead

march when proceeding to the burial place, strike up a cheerful quick

march, and the soldiers return to barracks to the tune of “Here we are

again,” forgetful of the scene in which they have lately been actors, and

regardless of the probability of themselves being the next claimants for

six feet of earth.

The most important military funeral of late years, and one which

everybody went to see who could do so, was that of the Duke of

Wellington. Famed throughout the world for his brilliant military and

civil career, as well as for the genius which characterized all his acts,

the nation with one voice called for a public and gorgeous funeral, as a

last tribute of its estimation of so far-famed a chieftain.

It was on a dark November morning that hundreds and thousands of persons,

long before dawn, wended their way through the streets of London, intent

on obtaining a good position on the pavement or to be sure of reaching

the house and thence the window, which had been previously secured and

from which the procession could be best seen.

Even as early as six o’clock in the morning, large bodies of cavalry and

infantry are marching through the streets, whilst officers in uniforms

ride up and down, giving orders and arranging the positions for various

bodies of men who are yet to make their appearance. In all the principal

open spaces troops are mustering; behind the Horse Guards and in St.

James’s Park, all branches of the service being represented, from the

little known uniforms of Indian soldiers to that of our own guards; for

the Great Duke had culled his first laurels on the fields of India,

and soldiers from the then East India Company’s service attended as

representatives of that branch of our army.

The course taken by the procession was from the Horse Guards to St.

Paul’s, and an enormous number of troops were required to keep the ground

along the course, this crowd being immense. Not only were the streets

crowded, walking being almost impossible, but it was estimated that

upwards of two hundred thousand seats were sold to sight-seers.

In the actual procession were six battalions of infantry, nine guns from

the field batteries, five squadrons of cavalry, and eight guns from the

horse artillery.

The Duke’s regiments were of course represented on the occasion, and gave

an additional interest to the scene. There was the “Brigade,” of which

Arthur Duke of Wellington was Colonel-in-Chief, and also the regiment in

which young Arthur Wellesley learned the goose step and how to “shoulder

arms.”

The military, however, formed only a portion of the procession,

for the Great Duke was a man of many honours; for Russia, Prussia,

Spain, Portugal, Hanover, and the Netherlands had conferred upon him

the marshal’s bâton, and these nations were each represented on the

occasion. Besides these foreigners, many of whom had served with the

Duke, there were men of our own country, whose names were well known,

and whose reputation would have shone brighter had they not been dimmed

by comparison with that of the Duke. In the procession and around the

grave there might be seen one of our most far-seeing and able Generals,

Sir Charles Napier, the man whom the Duke had selected to go to India

at a period of emergency, and to whom he looked as one alone capable of

playing the requisite part at that time. Near him was the dashing gallant

Lord Gough, who loved to fight side by side with his men; Lord Seaton,

Viscount Combermere, Sir W. Cotton, Sir A. Woodford, &c., names familiar

as household words, were grouped around the grave of their loved chief.

The contrast on this day was marked indeed between the grandeur and

brilliancy that appeared in St. Paul’s, and the silent deserted

appearance of Apsley House, where every blind was down and every shutter

closed.

It was remarked that as the procession wended its way through the

streets, and as the somewhat gorgeous-looking vehicle that contained the

coffin passed, every person from the highest to the most humble, bared

his head and seemed to be awe-struck, and reminded that fame, rank, and

genius are no more free from the call of death than are poverty, misery,

and insignificance.

The Duke’s titles having been repeated by Garter, King of Arms, the

ceremony was concluded, but will long be remembered by those who were

witnesses to the imposing scene.

On the 6th April, 1864, a military funeral took place at Woolwich which

was attended by a large body of officers, and was a good specimen of a

military funeral.

Colonel Bingham, the Deputy Adjutant-General of the Royal Artillery,

died at Brighton, to which place he had gone for change of air. His body

was conveyed to Woolwich for the purpose of being interred with military

honours, and he was buried at Old Plumstead Church. In consequence of the

rank of the deceased officer, but more especially from the great respect

in which he was personally held, every officer who could obtain leave

from out-stations was present on the occasion. Not only did every officer

of his own regiment attend, but very many from other branches of the

service, so that altogether upwards of three hundred officers followed in

the procession.

The weather on the occasion was fine and bright and well-suited for a

military display. At one o’clock the troops in garrison paraded, and a

large body was told off to line the road from Woolwich Common to the

Church, a distance of nearly three miles. At two o’clock the coffin was

brought from the house and placed on a gun carriage, covered with a Union

Jack, the drums in attendance giving muffled rolls. On the coffin were

placed the Colonel’s cocked hat and sword, and the carriage was drawn by

six horses. The procession then moved on in the following order—

Detachments of Horse Artillery, mounted.

Eight Batteries of Royal Artillery, on foot, with arms reversed.

The Royal Marine Band, playing the Dead March.

Nine Guns of Royal Horse Artillery.

The Royal Artillery and the Bugle Band.

The Garrison Chaplains.

The Corpse.

On either side of the Coffin, four Colonels Royal Artillery as

Pall-bearers.

The Deceased’s Horse.

Private Mourners.

Officers of the Adjutant-General’s Department.

The Gentlemen Cadets.

The Clerks of the Adjutant-General’s Departments.

The various Officers who attended.

Mounted Detachments of Royal Horse Artillery.

Private Carriages.

The procession altogether extended considerably over a mile, and at the

slow pace at which the march was carried on nearly an hour and a half

elapsed before the church was reached.

The small church of Plumstead had rarely if ever been filled by so many

military celebrities as on this occasion. Among those whose names are

familiar to the public were Field-Marshal the Duke of Cambridge, Sir

Richard Airey, Sir J. Scarlet, Sir Edward Lugard, General Foster, General

Bloomfield, and others.

The troops were formed in the churchyard and in a field near. The nine

guns were drawn up on a higher portion of ground, and at some distance

from the church, for the discharge of a cannon not uncommonly breaks

windows, and thus these implements of warfare were removed to a safe

distance. When the funeral service had been read and the body lowered

into the grave the Armstrong guns fired their salute, and the last

offices were paid to a good and noble soldier as well as to a most just

and honourable man.

The funeral of a soldier who dies amidst scenes of civilization, where

the last honours can be paid to him in the manner just described, is

certainly an imposing scene, but to some minds it seems less solemn than

it might be, and too much of a show. The high probability that among many

of those who attend such a funeral there are several who knew little or

nothing personally of the man whose body they are following to the grave,

may possibly tend to do away with a portion of the real grief which

some people are accustomed to see habitually displayed at a funeral.

The gaping crowd also, who are usually free critics on the dress and

personal appearance of the various members of the procession, render a

large military funeral by no means that quiet scene which we all thirst

for when the heart has been saddened by the departure of a loved friend.

But we can conscientiously state that at those funerals of which we have

been eye-witnesses the conduct of those personally engaged, as well as of

the lookers-on, has been such as to harmonize with the sensitive state of

those who were nearly allied by blood or friendship to the deceased.

When a soldier meets a soldier’s death, and is buried “with his martial

cloak around him,” and when no band of music attends his funeral, or

other pomp is added to his last honors, the last offices are not less

solemn, the whole scene not less impressed on the memory, and the sudden

reminder that in the midst of life we are in death not less efficient in

its results. When we see a friend gradually sicken and day by day become

weaker, whilst doctors shake their heads and relatives despond, we are

prepared at last for the final scene. When, however, we breakfast with a

comrade, walk with him to the parade, march beside him as we approach an

enemy’s position, hear him suddenly cease speaking when in the middle of

a sentence, and look round to see him sinking to the earth lifeless; and

when, after a smart brush with an enemy, we return to attend the funeral

of this comrade, who has been to us perhaps more than a brother for

months or years—we seem to be nearly allied to death, for _we_ may on the

following night be consigned in the same way to six feet of ground, our

security for life being no greater than was our comrade’s.

In many cases, where the number of slain can be counted by hundreds, the

day following a great battle is a sad one. Experienced was the general

who exclaimed—“Nothing but a defeat is more sad than a victory, for the

losses of the latter are only exceeded by those of the former.” To give

each man a separate grave, or to pronounce a funeral service over each

man, would occupy more time than could be spared; thus, a large hole, and

a funeral service for 100 men, who are rapidly covered with earth, and

who, shroudless and coffinless, are thus disposed of, is the other side

of the scene of pomp which we have described as a soldier’s funeral at

home.

[Illustration]

FOOTNOTES

[1] A beautiful model of the King’s Bastion is to be seen in the Rotunda,

Woolwich.

[2] When the Highland regiments were first formed, it was customary to

stick up the name of any man who had misconducted himself in his parish

church, and this was deemed the severest of all punishments. This has now

become an obsolete custom.

[3] See article on the Engineers, p. 24.

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Brave British soldiers and the Victoria Cross a general account of the regiments and men of the British Army, and stories of the brave deeds which won the prize "for valour" · 第 30 / 30 章