CAPTAIN HENRY EVELYN WOOD, 17TH LANCERS.
No young officer in the service has had greater opportunities of
distinguishing himself than Captain Wood, or earned a better title to
the distinction of the Victoria Cross. He is a son of Sir John Page
Wood, Bart., of Rivenhall-place, near Witham, Essex, and a nephew of
Sir W. Page Wood, Vice-Chancellor of England. Our readers, on reading
this simple record of his numerous acts of bravery, will be surprised to
learn that he has not yet completed his twenty-eighth year; in truth,
his name became familiar to the world at a period when most boys of his
age and position are still seated on the benches at Eton, mastering the
intricacies of the Latin grammar and reading of the deeds which similar
heroes in ancient times performed. He was intended at first for the
sister branch of the service, and entered the navy as a midshipman.
During the Crimean War he had an opportunity of serving on board H.M.S.
_Leander_, under the command of the gallant and much lamented Sir William
Peel, who had the rare faculty of inspiring all around him with the same
heroic spirit by which he himself was animated. Henry Evelyn Wood soon
secured the confidence and won the admiration of the captain of the
_Leander_, whom we find writing to Sir John Page Wood, on the 18th of
April, 1855, in the following terms:—“You will be glad to hear that not
only has your son shown the most beautiful courage in battery, but his
conduct and his manners are as exemplary as his courage.”
Such tributes of praise are the most precious reward of parents whose
sons are fighting the battles of their country. Our young hero had soon
an opportunity of justifying, in the eyes of the public, the praises
bestowed upon him by his leader, to whom, at his own request, he was
appointed aide-de-camp—no mere honorary appointment, as the sequel
will show. On the 18th of June an attack was made on the Redan, and
young Wood, who was foremost in the fray, was wounded by a grape-shot
in the arm. Such a wound would have placed most men _hors de combat_,
but the young sailor thought only of his duty. With the huge grape-shot
protruding from his arm, he assisted in placing one of the scaling
ladders against the walls of the Redan, and continued on the scene of
combat throughout the day. His gallant conduct and patient endurance
of physical suffering excited the admiration of all who took part in
this affair, and called forth the warmest approval of our leaders in
the Crimea. The following day Sir Stephen Lushington wrote to his
uncle, Captain Mitchell, R.N.:—“You will be sorry to hear that your
young nephew, Wood, has been wounded in the arm by a grape-shot. The
shot struck the bone obliquely, and was cut out when he got into camp.
I saw him in the trenches, and he bore it like a hero. He was Peel’s
aide-de-camp, and Peel endeavoured to keep the boy from the murderous
fire into which they plunged with the scaling ladders; but he would take
no refusal, and went out with the rest. Wood will be at Razatch to-day,
in Lord Raglan’s carriage.”
Lord Raglan knew how to appreciate such conduct: not satisfied with
placing his carriage at the disposal of the wounded sailor, he thus
marked his sense of approval in one of his despatches:—“Amongst those
who greatly distinguished themselves were Captain Peel, Mr. Daniels, and
Mr. Wood.” Official etiquette prevented Lord Raglan from alluding more
particularly to Wood’s conduct in a public despatch, but on the 21st of
June he wrote the following kind note to Captain Mitchell:—“I am very
glad to have had the opportunity of being in any, the smallest degree,
useful to your nephew, Mr. H. E. Wood, whose distinguished career cannot
fail to enlist everybody in his favour. I am rejoiced to hear that he is
going on well. I am assured that the bone is not injured.” It was by
such little acts of kindness that Lord Raglan endeared himself to all
who had the honour of serving under him, and such tributes of praise are
naturally cherished by their relations as the most precious relics.
Nor was Sir William Peel backward in testifying to the distinguished
valour of his gallant aide-de-camp. Writing to his brother, Frederick
Peel, Esq., M.P., on the same occasion, he says:—“Would you let Sir Page
Wood know that his gallant son behaved with extreme intrepidity? He was,
or is, my aide-de-camp, and received a severe wound from a grape-shot,
but will not lose his arm. I can assure you I thought more of that boy
than of anything else, and tried in vain to plead some excuse for getting
him out of the way, but he would be my aide-de-camp, and it would have
been a worse blow to have denied him. Thank God he is safe, and it was
such a relief to me.” This letter gives us a keen insight into the
character of both. No one can read of the ardent impatience of the young
sailor-boy to share in the dangers of the field, the reluctant consent
wrung from Peel by his importunity, the consciousness of the latter that
a refusal would have been more keenly felt than the wound itself, his
anxiety about his safety throughout the day, and his gratitude to God
for the preservation of his life, without feeling that the most heroic
courage is often accompanied by an almost feminine tenderness of heart.
We admire Peel for his bravery shown on many a battle-field, but we love
his memory for the care with which he watched over the sailor-boy placed
under his charge on the 18th of June, and the joy he felt and expressed
on finding that his wound was not mortal.
Others besides Peel testified to his gallant bearing on this occasion.
Sir Stephen Lushington, Commander of the Naval Brigade, writes:—“I can
strongly recommend this young officer for his gallantry and good conduct
during the whole time he was under my command. He was severely wounded
on the 18th of June, when conveying the ladders.” Lord Lyons also thus
alludes to him in a speech which he made at the Mansion House:—“Nothing
in the annals of chivalry contains a brighter instance of devotion than
was exhibited by Captain Peel and his aides-de-camp, one of whom, Mr.
Wood, when wounded placed the scaling-ladders against the walls of
the Redan.” On the 6th of September, 1855, Captain Peel addressed the
following letter to Sir John Page Wood:—“Your son was only known to me
through his gallant behaviour. On the 17th of October he volunteered,
with Mr. Daniels, my other aide-de-camp, to bring up powder from the
rear, through a fire which daunted others; and the spirit he showed on
that occasion was not exceptional, but was maintained throughout. It was
the more noble as there were no spectators. The names of these two heroes
are known through the whole army; and I almost thought it inconvenient
having two such spirits around me. I trust his wound is doing well. It
must be very tedious and painful.”
Owing to the severe wound he had received at the attack on the Redan,
Wood was obliged to return to England to recruit his health. For
reasons which need not now be specified, he was induced to transfer
his services from the navy to the army, and in September, 1855, he
received his commission as a cornet in the 13th Light Dragoons. The Lords
Commissioners of the Admiralty testified the value of his services in the
navy, and their secretary, Mr. Phinn, addressed the following letter to
his father in their name:—“In accepting the resignation of your son, Mr.
H. E. Wood, I am to express their Lordships’ regret that so gallant an
officer is lost to the naval service.” It might have been expected that
Mr. Wood’s gallantry at the Redan would have been at once rewarded with
the Victoria Cross; in the age of chivalry many knights had earned their
spurs by less heroic deeds. But our young hero had yet to wait for years,
and to perform still more daring deeds of valour, before his claim to
wear the symbol of his sovereign’s favour upon his breast was recognised.
He had not yet completed his eighteenth year, and it may be that his
youth stood in the way of his obtaining this honourable distinction. Be
that as it may, it formed no obstacle to his being enrolled in the Legion
of Honour, and an effort was made by those who knew how to appreciate his
gallantry to procure for him the Cross. Sir Stephen Lushington forwarded
his name, and wrote to him:—“I still hope to see the Victoria Cross on
your breast.” Admiral Richards, one of the Lords of the Admiralty,
supported his claims, and was so sanguine of success, that he wrote to
his father as follows:—“You may rely upon it that none of _his class
can be recommended for the Cross of Valour without your brave boy being
one_. His is now a world-wide fame, and requires no certificates, no
testimonials, to bolster it up. It is difficult to imagine _what_ kind of
naval merit can include if his excludes.”
Our readers will experience the same difficulty in discovering the
grounds on which Mr. Wood’s claim was disallowed, and his name omitted
from the list of those who received the Cross of Valour. Political
considerations ought to have no influence in deciding the claims of those
who aspire to this honour; where all are equally brave, all ought to be
equally rewarded. But it was not so in this case. It was in vain that
his friends remonstrated, and Sir Stephen Lushington wrote thus strongly
in his favour:—“It is still my opinion that Mr. Wood deserves the
Victoria Cross as much as any one that I recommended at the same time,
not excepting his gallant chief, the late Sir William Peel; and it will
afford me much pleasure to hear that he has received the much-desired
honour.... He was one of the first officers I recommended for it, and
certainly one of the most gallant in the Naval Brigade.” The writer of
this letter went even so far as to remonstrate with the authorities on
the omission of Mr. Wood’s name, but all this led to nothing; and our
young hero, tired of inaction, and longing for other opportunities of
distinction, exchanged into the 17th Lancers, and embarked for India.
His indefatigable perseverance in mastering the native languages,
aided by the high character he had already attained in the field, soon
procured for him the favourable notice of his superiors in India. After
a residence of one year and nine months, thirteen of which were spent
in fighting and hard marching in pursuit of the rebels, Lieutenant Wood
passed the examination for interpreter in Hindostani, thus justifying
Sir Joshua Reynolds’s remark, that genius is only another name for
perseverance. Young men of Wood’s indomitable courage and perseverance
must ultimately attain to distinction in any career; the world may be
careless at first, but it cannot always ignore their claims. We have
the testimony of a distinguished Indian officer, Major-General Beatson,
that, after a residence of eighteen months, he already knew more of the
native languages than most officers who had spent ten years in India.
The continuance of the rebellion afforded him opportunities of proving
that intellectual effort is not incompatible with the highest courage.
During the action at Sindwaho, he greatly distinguished himself. Owing
to the paucity of officers in the 3rd Bombay Cavalry, he had volunteers
to command, a troop of the 3rd Light Cavalry, during the campaign; and
in the hottest of the fight he rode up almost single-handed and attacked
a body of the enemy. His gallantry on this occasion was recognised by
His Excellency the Governor-General of India, whose attention had been
directed to it by Lieutenant-Colonel Curtis, 1st Bombay Lancers, and
Colonel De Salis. He had continued to act as brigade major to Brigadier
Somerset, and on the breaking up of the field brigade under his command,
the latter recommended him in the strongest terms to the favourable
notice of the Assistant-Adjutant-General. Some idea may be formed of the
value of Lieutenant Wood’s services at this period, from the following
extract from Brigadier Somerset’s letter:—“It only remains for me to say,
that, in the various duties which have devolved upon Lieutenant Wood,
as my only staff officer, while under my command he has shown the most
unwearied zeal, particularly on occasion of the rapid pursuit of the
enemy—calling for the utmost exertion from all—especially from one whose
position did not admit of his taking advantage of a few short hours that
others had for rest—as well as the highest intelligence and facility
for the management of native Indians, quite unusual in one so recently
arrived in this country.”
Brigadier Somerset concluded by recommending him for employment upon the
staff of the army, or with native cavalry; and this recommendation was
not without its immediate effect. In times of peace such appointments
are usually given to those who are backed by the strongest influences;
but such are the exigencies of the service during the prevalence of war,
that merit cannot be altogether overlooked. A general, in the selection
of his staff, consults only his own interests in striving to have the
right man in the right place. General Michel at once appointed him to
the command of a troop of irregular cavalry, and in August, 1859, he was
acting as Brigade Major under General Beatson, who thus alludes to his
abilities in the command of native troops:—“In this officer I have a
strong proof that it is not having passed a long time with native troops
which alone renders an officer fit for irregular cavalry. Lieutenant
Wood’s knowledge of his duties as a cavalry officer, his zeal and energy
in all situations, render him more valuable as a staff officer with
irregular troops than most officers I have met with in India, who have
been all the period of their service with native corps.... He has all
the qualifications of a first-rate soldier, in addition to the highest
principles of a gentleman.”
Lieutenant Wood’s services in the Crimea and India were of such a
nature that they could not be altogether forgotten, and though they
were overlooked for the moment, circumstances eventually occurred which
brought them fresh to the remembrance of the public, and enabled him
to secure that honourable distinction to which he had never ceased to
aspire. At the commencement of the year 1860 the Indian mutineers,
disheartened by repeated reverses in the field, broke up into detached
parties, and concealing themselves in the jungle, endeavoured to protract
the contest by plundering the inhabitants of the surrounding districts.
Among those who had suffered most from their depredations was a potail
of the name of Chemmum Singh, who resided in the vicinity of the jungles
between Beora and Muksudnugger. The rebels who had taken refuge there
committed frequent depredations in the Barseah district, and though
frequently attacked by different parties had always contrived to escape.
Chemmum Singh, whose loyalty was doubtless intensified by personal loss,
was naturally anxious to get rid of such unpleasant neighbours, and made
known their movements to the commander of the district. Intelligence of
this reached the ears of the rebels, who resolved to have their revenge.
Issuing forth at night, they seized the unfortunate potail and carried
him and his relations off to the jungle, with the intention of reviving
that species of trial which, in the old Border warfare, was known as
Jedburgh or Jeddart justice. They meant to hang him first, and try him
afterwards.
It would have fared ill with the poor potail if it had not so happened
that Lieutenant Wood arrived at this juncture, after a long march, at
Sindhora, the post where his regiment was stationed. Though worn out with
his long march, he no sooner heard of what had happened than he resolved
at once to attempt a rescue. Hastily collecting a Duffadar and four
Sowars of his own regiment, and a Naick and six Sepoys of the Bareilly
levy, he started with this small body of men in search of the rebels. He
knew that success depended not so much on the numbers as the courage of
his men, and forced his way into the jungle in the direction where the
rebels were supposed to be concealed. After proceeding twelve miles from
Sindhora, without perceiving any traces of the enemy, his practised eye
detected the glare of a fire in a dense part of the jungle. He at once
suspected that this had been kindled by the robbers whose lurking-place
he was trying to discover, and made up his mind to attack them before
they were aware of his presence. He dismounted, and leaving three Sowars
to take charge of the horses, advanced through the jungle on foot with
the other two of his party. For three miles they crept through the dense
bush, using every precaution so as not to attract the notice or excite
the alarm of the robbers. At length their perseverance was rewarded: at
one o’clock P.M. Lieutenant Wood witnessed a _tableau vivant_ in the
dense jungle of Sindhora, which he is not likely ever to forget. There,
in the midst of the bush, at the distance of twenty-six feet from the
place where the party of rescue lay concealed, were the whole of the
robbers, stretched on the ground, and fast asleep, some five of their
number, who kept drowsy watch over their comrades, and the unfortunate
potail, who was waiting his doom with all the calm indifference of
Oriental fatalism. They were roused up in a manner they little expected.
The party of rescue fired a volley; and Lieutenant Wood rushed forward
into the nullah amongst the rebels, followed by the Duffadar and Sowar
of his regiment. The latter, inspired by his example, followed him
into the thickest of the danger; but the Naick and six Sepoys of the
Bareilly levy consulted their safety by remaining in the rear. If he
had been properly supported, the whole body of the rebels might have
been killed or captured; as it was, they were seized with a panic and
fled into the jungle, leaving their arms and several of their comrades
who had fallen, behind. Thus one brave man, with two native followers,
routed and put to flight a body of seventy rebels, who were well armed
and familiar with the country. While such a deed may not be altogether
unrivalled in the annals of the suppression of the Indian Mutiny—a period
when our countrymen seem to have vied with one another in the display of
the most daring courage—it may at least be affirmed that it has never
been surpassed, or accompanied with more excellent effect. The band of
robbers, routed and put to flight, never ventured to return to the scene
of their former depredation, and the inhabitants of the surrounding
country were indebted to Lieutenant Wood for the safety of their
lives and property. Chemmum Singh and his relatives were restored to
liberty, and the party of rescue having accomplished the object of their
expedition, returned to Sindhora. Lieutenant Wood’s services on this
occasion were honourably mentioned in a despatch by Colonel Sir Richmond
Shakespeare, and gratefully acknowledged by the Governor-General of India.
It might have been expected that such distinguished conduct, on repeated
occasions, would now have secured for this gallant young officer that
Cross of Valour which had ever been to him an object of honourable
ambition. Fresh difficulties, however, arose, and the authorities at home
were slow to recognise his claims. General Sir J. Michel, who had ever
taken a warm interest in his career, and had the best opportunities of
studying his character, had already, in April, 1859, addressed a letter
to the chief of the staff, recommending Lieutenant Wood to his favourable
notice. By the regulations of the service, he was precluded from general
promotion; but Sir John Michel recommended him for a brevet majority,
as soon as he should obtain the rank of captain. “His services under my
command,” writes Sir John, “are as follows:—
“On marching from Mhow, in August, 1858, the left wing, 3rd Bombay
Cavalry, being deficient in officers, he volunteered to take charge of a
squadron, and whilst in command was present at the actions of Raggurh,
where his squadron did excellent service; he also commanded these men at
the actions of Sindwaho and Kerai.
“On the formation of a light column under Lieutenant-Colonel Benson, on
the 8th of November, 1858, he was named staff officer, and was present at
the different rapid pursuits under Colonel Benson and Colonel Somerset,
and present at the fight of Baroda, 1st of January.
“His extraordinary activity, zeal, energy, and judgment, together with
his utility, from having rapidly passed in the Hindostani language,
combine to render him a most valuable officer, and one whose services
deserve reward, and whose promotion would be an advantage to the service.
“This young officer’s career has been so brilliant, that I trust I may be
permitted to attach to this letter a former memorial of his in reference
to the Victoria Cross, that his lordship may be able to judge of his
antecedents.”
The important services enumerated above were performed previous to the
successful attack on the band of robbers. After this brilliant affair,
Sir J. Michel again intervened in his favour, but without success, as we
learn from the following note addressed by him to Lieutenant Wood:—
“You are doomed to be, in respect to the Victoria Cross, unlucky.
“However, go on as you are doing, and your steady good conduct and
gallant bearing will eventually bring fruit.
“Recollect, in your military career, as long as I hear well of you, of
which I have no doubt, you will always find me a sincere friend.
“I will never apply to any one to do anything for you as a favour, but
with the strength of my position will support your wishes, on the grounds
of your merits and your services.”
Circumstances occurred in 1860 which induced Lieutenant Wood to resign
his appointment in the Indian service. It is not our intention to dwell
upon the causes which led him to abandon the field of labour in which he
had so greatly distinguished himself. It may be sufficient to mention,
that he had threatened a treacherous rajah with arrest, and this incurred
the censure of his former chief, Sir R. Shakespeare. Every one acquainted
with the facts of the case will admit, that if he erred it was an error
of judgment, springing from excess of zeal for the public service, and
therefore deserving to be leniently dealt with. Censure proceeding
from such a quarter deeply wounded his highly sensitive spirit, and,
notwithstanding the remonstrances of his friends, he retired from the
Indian service, and prepared to return to England. His departure elicited
the sincerest expressions of regret, and the most cordial recognition of
his services from those who had witnessed his brilliant career. Major
Mayne, the well-known commander of Mayne’s Horse, whose painful duty it
had been to convey to him the censure of Sir R. Shakespeare, wrote to the
latter, on the 7th of August, 1860, as follows:—
“Lieutenant Wood has, in consequence, sent in his resignation of his
appointment, which I forward for your consideration. I have remonstrated
with Lieutenant Wood, but he is too discouraged to remain under present
circumstances.
“I greatly regret that there has been cause for his incurring your
censures, but it is my duty to report to you the essential services
that this officer has rendered since he joined me, in carrying out
the harassing details of organizing the second corps of my horse: his
unwearied energy; his close attention to details; his admirable temper;
his strict discipline; the physical activity he daily exerts to teach
his men the use of arms and horses; his unceasing intercourse with his
officers and men; his unremitting endeavours to make himself thoroughly
acquainted with their habits and language; his disregard of self and
personal trouble, and the critical knowledge he has obtained of his
profession, form a very long list of high qualifications.
“But I have daily noticed them with intense satisfaction—I may say
hourly—for from where I write I can see—hardly avoid observing—all that
passes at Lieutenant Wood’s quarters.
“I have never yet met with an officer of Lieutenant Wood’s age (not
yet twenty-three years) who gave higher promise of making a brilliant
soldier. His whole heart and soul are in his work, and he is an
impersonation of Sir Charles Napier’s _beau idéal_ of an Irregular
horseman, for he is intent on his duty in eating, drinking, and sleeping,
while his gallantry and devotedness in the field have won for him the
recorded praise of Lord Raglan, Sir William Peel, and all who knew him
in the Crimea, where he was recommended for the Victoria Cross, and all
under whom he has served in India.... Lieutenant Wood is much loved in
the brigade, and I consider his resignation as a loss to the public
service.”
Major Mayne also recorded his sense of his merits in Brigade Orders, and
such proofs of esteem must have been soothing to his spirit as he bade
adieu to the shores of India. That he did so with sorrow the reader will
readily imagine; no one can renounce the prospect of a brilliant career
without regret. Kind and appreciating friends were waiting to welcome him
to his native shore; home, with all its endearing ties, was waiting his
return; and yet, even at the last hour, he turned a longing eye to the
scene of his former labours, and began to think of accepting employment
in the Indian service at some future period. On the 4th of October, 1860,
immediately before embarking for England, he wrote to Colonel Travers,
Commanding Central India Force, requesting him to keep him in view if a
vacancy should occur, and stating that he would rather command the 1st or
2nd corps, on the present system, than any other regiment. This letter
produced a kind reply from Colonel Travers, who expressed the warmest
admiration of his qualifications as an officer, and promised to place
him in command of the first cavalry regiment where a vacancy occurred,
provided that he could do so without injustice to others. Satisfied with
this assurance our young hero set out for England, where he found that
fame had preceded him, and won for him the tardy recognition of his
services. In truth, the Victoria Cross had been awarded to him before
he left India, though he only learned this on reaching England. In the
_Gazette_ of September 4th, 1860, it was announced that the Queen was
about to confer the decoration of the Victoria Cross on Lieutenant Henry
Evelyn Wood, 17th Lancers, on account of acts of bravery performed by
him in India, as recorded against his name—viz., Lieutenant H. E. Wood,
17th Lancers, for having, on the 19th of October, 1858, during action at
Sindwaho, when in command of a troop of the 3rd Light Cavalry, attacked
with much gallantry, almost single-handed, a body of rebels who had made
a stand, whom he routed; also for having subsequently, near Sindhora,
gallantly advanced, with a Duffadar and Sowar of Beatson’s Horse, and
rescued from a band of robbers a potail, Chemmum Singh, whom they had
captured and carried off to the jungles, where they intended to hang him.
Soon after his return to England Lieutenant Wood was invested with the
Cross of Valour, and promoted to the rank of captain in the army. The
rescue of Chemmum Singh from the band of robbers has been reproduced
on canvas by Mr. Desanges, in the admirable painting marked XLVI. in
the Catalogue of the Victoria Cross Gallery. We have already dwelt
sufficiently on the incidents of that event to enable our readers to
recognise the leading characters in the group.
Any eulogium on the career of such an officer as Captain Wood would be
entirely out of place; it speaks for itself. We have only, in conclusion,
to express the belief that in this period of wars and rumours of wars
many years of distinguished service are yet before him, and to point
out the lesson taught by his brief but brilliant career. It teaches all
young men, be they soldiers or civilians, to learn to labour and to wait,
to persevere in the path of duty, to aspire to distinction in their own
walk, whatever their profession or business may be, and to cherish the
assurance that the world, however cold or unappreciative it may seem to
be at first, will, sooner or later, recognise deserving merit.
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