IPEK, DECHANI AND A HAREM
We entered the courtyard of the inn. Tiny as it was all Ipek seemed to
be plucking poultry in it. An urbane old woman came forward, evidently
the owner. She had short arms, and her hair grey at the roots was
stained with henna, which matched her eyes. A dog fancier once told us
never to buy a dog with light-coloured eyes if we wanted a trustful
loving nature, so we wondered if it applied to humans.
She showed us a tiny dungeon-like room entirely filled up by two beds.
We were not impressed; but she assured us that we should have a large
beautiful room the next day for the same price. So we engaged it and
strolled out into the evening.
Buffaloes were sitting in couples round the big square. They chewed the
cud with an air of incomparable wisdom so remote from the look of
reproachful misery that is generally worn by an ox. Goats came in from
the hills with their hair clipped in layers, which gave them the
appearance of ladies in five-decker skirts; and children were playing a
queer game. They jumped loosely round in circles with bent knees, making
a whooping-cough noise followed by a splutter. We saw it often
afterwards, and decided that it must be the equivalent to our "Ring o'
Roses."
Work was over for the day, the sun set behind the hills which ringed us
round, and we went to kill time in a café.
While we were exchanging coffees with an "American," who was showing us
the excellences of his wooden leg which he had made himself, a
breathless man ran in.
He had been searching the town for us. The governor had ordered him to
put us up, as his had the notoriety of being a clean house. Having taken
a room already with the amiable old lady we feared to disappoint her, so
we decided not to move. The man piteously hoped that we were not
offended; and we explained at length.
When we reached the hotel again our old hostess bustled up, more sugary
than ever.
"We have just thought of a little rearrangement," she said.
"How so?"
"Well, do you understand, the inn is very full to-night, so we thought
it best that you should both take the one bed and I and my daughter
will take the other."
"Oh," said we, "in that case we had better move altogether, we have
anoth--"
"Indeed, no no," said the old lady, horrified. "Stay, stay. There sit
down. It is good, keep your beds." She patted us and left us.
We had an uninspired dinner. Greasy soup, tough boiled meat which had
produced the soup, minced boiled meat in pepper pods, and two pears
which turned out to be bad. The company, composed of officers and
nondescripts, pleased us no better than the dinner, so we decided to eat
elsewhere on the morrow.
The governor's secretary came in to arrange for an interview with his
chief--yet another Petrovitch and brother to the governor of Scutari. By
this time we had each imbibed a dozen Turkish coffees during the day,
but we slept for all that from nine until nine in the morning.
Marko Petrovitch, whom we saw early, was the best and last Petrovitch we
met in Montenegro. Like all the Petrovitches he wore national costume.
He was handsome, shy, and kindly, said we must go to Dechani the most
famous of Balkan monasteries, and promised us a cart for the journey.
After leaving the governor we plunged into melodrama.
Hearing a noise we discovered crowds of weeping women and children round
the steps of a shop. A young man in French fireman's uniform seemed to
be very active, and an old trousered woman passively rolled down the
steps after receiving a box on the ears.
We thought it was a policeman arresting an elderly thief; but Jo, seeing
blood on the lady's face, told him he was a "bad man." He lurched,
staring at her stupidly. His companions, more firemen, came forward
grinning sheepishly, and we recommended them to lead him away out of
mischief. But the next minute a balloon-trousered child rushed up to us
and tugged at Jan's coat.
"Quick, the devil man is doing more bad things."
We ran down the road beyond the village and saw him in the distance
dancing on an old Turk's bare feet with hobnailed boots, alternating
this amusement with cuffs on the face. We sprinted along, and seeing a
convenient little river wriggling along by the roadside, Jan caught him
by the neck and the seat of his trousers, swung him round, and pitched
him in. The man sat for a moment, bewildered, in the water, and then
climbed out uttering dreadful oaths; but as he came up Jan knocked him
into the water again.
Men in firemen's uniforms appeared from all sides, shouting--
"What are you doing? You mustn't. Who are you?"
"We know the governor," said Jo. The men were making gestures of
deference when the reprobate rushed from the river, aiming a whirling
blow at Jan which missed.
The men hurled themselves on him, but he grabbed Jan's coat to which he
clung, howling in unexpected English--
"Shake 'ands wi' y' ennemi." Suddenly everybody spoke English, and we
wondered into what sort of a fairy tale had we fallen.
It was lunch time so we did not stay for explanations, but hurried back
to the town with the weeping old Turk, gave him our small change, which
seemed to cure the pains in his feet, and hunted for the other hotel.
It was tucked away in a romantic back street. The bar room was tiny, but
it was very pleasant to sit round little tables under shady trees in the
courtyard.
"What have you for lunch?" we asked a solid-looking waiter boy.
"Nema Ruchak, bogami." We have no lunch. We looked at all the other
people absorbing meat and soup.
"Give us what you have."
"We have nothing, bogami."
"Have you soup?"
"Yes, bogami."
"And cheese?"
"Ima, ima, bogami."
"That will do for us."
He thereupon brought macaroni soup, boiled meat, roast meat, fried
potatoes, cheese, grapes, and coffee.
We never found out why in Montenegro they should make it a point of
honour to say they have nothing. It resembles the Chinese habit of
alluding to a "loathsome" wife and a "disgusting" daughter.
After lunch we visited our own hotel and found mine hostess waiting for
us with her short arms akimbo. She wanted the "beautiful large bedroom"
to which we had moved in the morning, finding it the same size as the
one below, but rather lighter. Its former occupant had arrived, and we
were to go back to the dungeon.
"That is not good," said Jo, and we flatly refused to go downstairs.
"If we leave this room we go altogether."
She again patted us and begged us to consider the matter closed. We
could stick to the room.
Certainly that dog fancier was right.
There was a very old monastery which we had passed as we rode into
Ipek.
Although we are more interested in the people of the present than in
ruins of the past, these old Serbian monuments leave so strange a memory
of a civilization suddenly cut off at its zenith that they have an
emotional appeal far apart from that of archæology. These little oases
of culture preserved amongst a wilderness of Turk tempt the traveller
with a romance which is now vanishing from Roman and Greek ruins.
The Ipek monastery is a beautiful old place with the walls half buried
on one side. The old church, orange outside, is very dark within, but
contains many beautiful paintings. Surely here is the home of Post
Impressionism and of Futurism. The decorations of the bases of the
pillars are quite futuristic even orpeistic.
The pictures are Byzantine. But the Turks have picked out the eyes, as
they always do. One enormous painting of a head which filled a
semicircle over a door is particularly fine. Most halos are round, but
the painter had deemed the ears and beard worthy of extra bulges in this
saint's halo, which added to the decorative effect.
Beautiful apple trees were dotted about the big garden through which the
wriggly river ran. Ducks, geese and turkeys wandered around, so fat that
they were indifferent to the meal that was being served out to them. A
boy woke up the mother of a family of young turkeys and pushed her
towards the dinner with his foot. She hurried there involuntarily and
sat down for a nap with her back to the plate, the picture of outraged
dignity.
We got into conversation with a priest, who insisted we should call upon
the archbishop. The Metropolitan was a cheery soul, wearing a
Montenegrin pork-pie hat very much on one side, and black riding
breeches which showed as his long robes fluttered during his many
gesticulations.
While with him we lost the impression that we were living in the unreal
times of the Rose and the Ring. He was intensely civilized, spoke French
excellently, and had many a good story of his life in Constantinople and
other places. For the English he had great affection. The last
Englishman in Ipek, a king's messenger, had flown to the monastery to
escape from the Hotel Europe and its bugs. The next morning he would not
get up. The archbishop went to his room to remonstrate.
"No, no," said he; "I spent two nights under a ceiling which rained bugs
upon me, and I know a good bed when I've got it."
Coffee and cigarettes came in, of the best, and the rakia was a thing
apart from the acrid stuff we were accustomed to.
He admitted its superiority. The plums came from his own estate, and
were distilled by the monks. The great difficulty was to prevent him
from giving us too much.
We talked of the war, and he related many atrocities, winding up with
"Of course, England must win; but what will become of us in the
meanwhile?"
That evening we had a visitor. A very large Montenegrin in French
fireman's uniform knocked at the door. He said his name was Nikola
Pavlovitch. He had been sent by the governor to apologise for the
"trouble" Jan had had that morning with the drunken soldier.
"'E in jail now, 'e verry sorry and say if you forgive 'im, mister, 'e
never touch rakia, never no more. 'E good chap reely. Got too much rakia
this mornin', 'E think about Turks an' get kinder mad some'ow. 'E don't
know what 'e done; first thing 'e knows 'e finds 'imself in river."
Nikola Pavlovitch was, though not an officer, the commandant of a
contingent of miners from America. The governor had told him also to
offer himself as cicerone for the morrow, the cart having been ordered
for our trip to Dechani.
We didn't like cicerones and demurred.
"I kin talk for you," he said. But we owned to speaking Serb.
"I know all de country, kin tell you things: bin 'ere twenty years
ago."
We saw he wanted to come, and noticed that he had a very likable face,
strong features, straight kindly eyes. We realized that he would be a
very pleasant companion and arranged to meet at the stable the next day.
And so, at last, we drove in one of the queer little Serb carts we had
avoided so anxiously. A few planks nailed together and bound around with
an insecure rail, four wheels slipped on to the axles with no pins to
hold them, a Turkish driver dangling his legs--such was our chariot.
Some hay was produced to improvise a seat; we bought some apples on
tick, as the vendor said he had no change for our one shilling note, and
off we drove.
Nikola Pavlovitch started yarning almost at once, and we never had a
dull moment. He was a comitaj once, in the old days when Turkey owned
Macedonia and the Sanjak. He said that nearly all comitaj were men of
education and intelligence. When Turkish rule became oppressive, when
too many Christian girls were stolen and vanished for ever into harems,
the comitaj appeared, farms were raided, minute but fierce battles were
fought; but in spite of this continual supervision, occasional and
mysterious murders were needed to keep down the excesses of the Turk.
Pavlovitch waved a hand towards the sullen mountains of Albania, which
were on our right.
"Dose Swabs don' tink o' nuttin' but killin'. Jess ornary slaughter,
Mister Jim. Now dat Jakovitza [a town to the south] dat don't mean
nuttin but 'blood' in their talk, 'lots o' blood' dat's what it means.
Sure. Dese peoples don' respect nuttin but killin'; an' when you've done
in 'bout fifty other fellers you'r reckoned a almighty tough. If you
wanted to voyage dere, f'r instance, you'd 'ave ter get a promise o'
peace, a 'Besa' they calls it, from one of dese tough fellers, and he
makes 'imself responsible to end any feller wat disturbs you; 'e can
post a babby along o' you and so long as the kiddie's wid yer nobody'll
touch you. Dats so, Mister Jim, you bleeve me. But all de same, dey've
fixed it up so's dis killing business ain't perlite wen deres women
about, so every feller taks 'is wife along 'o 'im so's not to be ended
right away."
Every house by the roadside was a fortress, loopholes only in the ground
floor, windows peering from beneath the eaves and turrets with gunslits
at the second story; here and there were old Turkish blockhouses, solid
and square, showing how the conquerors had feared the conquered.
"One o' dese tough fellers 'e kill more'n hundred fellers. Great chief
'e is. Wen 'e was sixteen 'is fader get condemned ter prison way in
Mitrovitza. Dis young tough 'e walk inter court nex' day, in 'e kill de
judge and two of de officers and 'scape inter de mountains."
Nick himself when he was a comitaj had twice been caught by the Turks.
Once he was shot in thirteen places at once, but was found by some
Christian women and eventually recovered; the second time the Turks beat
him almost to death with fencing staves, and though they thought him
dying put him on an ox cart and sent him to the interior of Turkey.
"I was ravin' mad dat journey," he said. "I don' want ter go ter 'ell if
it's like dat."
They put him in hospital and treated him kindly; but once better they
threw him into a Turkish gaol. He described how the prison was dark as
night, because the poorer prisoners blocked up the windows, stretching
their arms through for doles from the passers-by.
"We was all eaten wi' lice," he went on, "an' if de folks 'adn't sent me
money an' food I'd a starved to def, sure. 'N den dey bribes de governor
'n a soldier, 'n dey lets me 'scape."
He lay a cripple in Montenegro six months, but in the summer crawled
down to the Bocche de Cattaro and on the sweltering shores of the
Adriatic built himself a primitive sweat bath. In a few weeks he was
better, and in a few months cured. He then went to the mines in America,
for he dared not return to Macedonia. He saved £800 and returned with
it to his sister's in Serbia, but was so oppressed by the misery about
him that he gave away all his money and went back.
"Dere's lots a mineral in dese mountains, you feller. I show you one
lump feller got a' Ipek, an' I guess it's silver, sure. Wen de war over
you come back an' we'll go over dem places tergedder. Dere's coal too.
Lots."
He told us that the wretched skeleton who was driving us had power in
Turkish days to commandeer the services of Christian labourers, and to
pay them nothing.
We passed by placid fields containing cows, horses, donkeys. The country
seemed untouched by war. Those cows could never have drawn heavy carts
and lain exhausted and foodless after a heavy day's work. The horses
reminded one of the sleek mares owned by old ladies who lived in awe of
their coachmen.
For this all belonged to Dechani, and it was beyond the power of the
state to touch their riches; nor had they been molested even in the days
of Turkish rule.
"You see, monastery 'e pay money to the toughest Albanians--Albanian
they give besa--and nobody never do no 'arm to the monasteries. Russia
she send much money, she send always her priest to Dechani and the
Turks they keep sorter respectful."
Our first sight of Dechani disappointed us a little, the proportions
lacked the beauty of the Ipek church; but the big old door marked by the
fire the Turks had built against it, decades before, cheered us up a
bit.
A pleasant priest with a smooth face and ringlets two feet long greeted
us and led us to the little Russian hospital which was fitted into the
Abbey, warning us not to bang our heads against the heavy oak beams in
the corridors.
The Russians welcomed us heartily, preparing the most wonderful tea,
Australian butter, white bread made with flour brought from Russia.
Pavlovitch enjoyed himself immensely. Food was thin in the barracks. But
he was very worried about the priest's long ringlets.
"I'd soon cure 'im, a month diggin' de trench!" he murmured.
After tea we examined the church. The interior was one miraculous blue:
pictures with blue backgrounds, apostles with blue draperies, blue
skies, a wonderful lapis lazuli.
Once the Moslems had overpowered the defenders of the church and had got
in, the eyes of some of the saints were picked through the plaster.
Legend runs, however, that while they were desecrating the tomb of Tzar
Stephan who founded the church, the tomb of the queen, which lay
alongside, exploded with a violent report and terror struck the Turks,
who fled.
They showed us the queen's tomb, split from top to bottom. The priests
naturally claim a miracle; but Pavlovitch said, "I tink dey verry
clever, dey done dat wi' gunpowder."
The Tzar Stephan had wished to build the church of gold and precious
stones, but a soothsayer said--
"No, my lord, build it of plain stone, for your empire will be robbed
from you, and if it be of gold greedy men will tear it to pieces, but if
it be of plain stone it will remain a monument for ever."
So he built it of fine marble. The central pillars were forty feet high,
and each cut from a single piece, with grotesque carved capitals. The
great screen was wonderfully carved and gilded. Wherever one looked was
decoration, almost in excess.
Ringlets invited us to tea with the Russian bishop who was in charge. He
was a stout, sweet-mannered little man, who shook his head woefully over
the war.
Somehow Pavlovitch discovered that he and the bishop were the same age,
forty-eight. We contrasted Pavlovitch's spare athletic frame with the
well-fed shape of the bishop, and felt instinctively which was the
better Christian. Coffee and slatka were brought in. This slatka is
always handed to callers in well-regulated Serbian households. It is jam
accompanied by many little spoons and glasses of water. Each guest dips
out a spoonful, licks the spoon, drinks the water, and places his spoon
in the glass. There is also a curious custom with regard to the coffee.
If a guest outstays his welcome, a second cup is brought in and
ceremoniously placed before him--but, of course, this hint depends upon
how it is done.
"It is Friday," remarked Pavlovitch, regretfully. "Odder days we gits
mighty good meal." He was very anxious for us to stay the night so that
we should fit in a first-class breakfast, but the morrow was the Ipek
fair, and we could not miss that.
Night was coming so we hurried off and drove away. The horses went quite
fast, as we had made them a present of some barley. We had discovered
that since the beginning of the war, when they had been requisitioned by
the Montenegrin Government, they had lived on nothing but hay, and the
owner, who was driving them, said that they would soon die, and that
when they did he would not receive a penny and would be a ruined man. He
added pathetically--
"One does not like to see one's beasts die like that, for after all one
is fond of them."
We arrived after dark, and ordered supper for three. The inn lady was
scandalized.
"But that is a common soldier," she said. "There are many fine folk in
the dining-room, arrived to-day. The General--"
So we dined upon the landing.
The next day we got up very early, went down to the dining-room and
found it was full of sleeping forms; we had coffee in our room.
We wandered round the market. It was still too early, people were
arriving and spreading their wares, men were hanging bright carpets on
the white walls. Beggars were everywhere, exhibiting their gains in
front of them. If one could understand they seemed to cry like this--
"Ere y'are, the old firm; put your generous money on the real thing. I
'as more misery to the square inch than any other 'as to the square
yard."
We found bargaining impossible, as they only spoke Albanian, and we
could only get as far as "Sar," how much.
Pavlovitch turned up later and was very helpful. We hurried him to a
silver shop which was displaying a round silver boss. He beat them down
from sixteen to ten dinars, after which we plunged into a side street
filled with women squatted cross-legged behind a collection of
everything that an industrious woman who owns sheep can confection.
"I have nothing for thee," said an old woman to Jo, who peered into her
basket--Pavlovitch translating.
Jo withdrew a tiny pair of stockings--a marvel of knitting in many
coloured patterns.
"What about these?" she said.
"Hast thou children?"
"No; but how much?" said Jo.
The price was four piastres. Jo gave four groschen and the old woman
peered anxiously at the money in her palm.
"It is too much," she said.
Pavlovitch explained that somehow four groschen worked out to more than
four piastres; but we left her to calculate what fractions of a centime
she had gained.
Our old innkeeper looked very truculent when we entered.
"Are you going to lunch here?"
"No; we left word."
"Then you can't stay here."
[Illustration: IN THE BAZAAR OF IPEK.]
[Illustration: STREET COFFEE SELLER IN IPEK.]
We pointed out that her meals were bad and very dear. She retaliated by
making a fearful noise, and invited us to go and sleep at the Europe;
but we remembered the Archbishop's story and stood firm.
"If you don't leave us in peace we will appeal to the Governor."
"Do, do. Go to the Governor," said the old lady, her little girl, a
wry-mouthed charwoman and a little boy whom Jo had noticed stealing our
cigarettes. The dog joined in and barked vociferously.
We went to the Governor who was near by. "They don't understand
innkeeping here, and she is a drunken old slut," he said, and sent for
her husband.
We went defiantly again to the Europe for lunch.
Jo had been expressing her wish to Pavlovitch to visit a harem. He came
to tell us that it had been arranged, as the chief of the police was a
friend of his, and he had asked a rich Moslem to let her visit his
wives. The Moslem had graciously assented, saying that he would do it as
a great favour to the chief of the police, and that no "European" woman
had ever visited an Ipek harem.
We went down the broad street with its brilliant houses, admiring the
gaudy colours of the women's trousers. "What a pity," we said, "that
such a word as _loud_ was invented in the English language."
Outside a huge doorway were sitting the chief of police and the wealthy
Albanian. We were introduced with great ceremony, and the Moslem, losing
no time, took Jo through the doorway into a courtyard. At the end was
another door guarded by a responsible-looking Albanian. He stood aside,
and she entered another court full of trees and a basket-work hut. She
passed through the lower story, which was full of grain, and ascended
into a beautiful room with a seat built all round it.
It was entirely furnished with carpets. He waved his hand to the seat,
called to his wives much as a sportsman summons his dogs, and left.
They came in, three women, simply dressed in chemise and flowered cotton
bloomers. Their voices were shaking with excitement, and they were
fearfully upset because Jo got up to shake hands with them.
They only spoke Albanian, and a few words of Serb. One had been very
beautiful, but her teeth were decayed, another was a healthy-looking
young woman, and the third was frankly hideous.
They brought coffee, the chief wife presenting it with her hand across
her chest--a polite way of saying--
"I am your slave."
Jo spoke Serb, and they clearly said in Albanian--
"If only we could tell what you are saying."
After which every one sat and beamed, and they kept calling for
somebody.
A plump dark-eyed girl came in, the first wife's daughter. She spoke
Serb, and interpreted for the wives.
They wanted to know everything, but knew so little that they could grasp
nothing.
Where had Jo come from? She tried London, Paris; no use, they had never
heard of them--two weeks on the sea--they didn't know what the sea was,
nor ships nor boats. They had never left Ipek and only knew the little
curly river.
The girl said that "devoikas" did not learn to read and write. That was
for the men.
Jo finally explained that she had ridden on horseback from Plevlie. Then
they gasped--
"How far you have travelled! What a wonderful life, and does your
husband let you speak to other men?"
She asked them what they did.
"Nothing." "Sewing?" "A little," they owned with elegant ease.
The chief wife had recently lost one of her children, but did not seem
to know of what it had died.
"I should think a woman doctor would be useful here," said Jo.
They screamed with laughter. "How funny! Why, she would be _so_ thick!"
they said, stretching their arms as wide as they could.
They kept inventing pretexts for keeping her, but when she rose to go
for the third time they regretfully bade her farewell, the daughter took
both her hands and imprinted a smacking kiss.
Outside the healthy-looking wife emerged from the basket hut, where she
was evidently preparing some delicacy to bring up, and showed signs of
deep disappointment.
The responsible-looking man who let her out also expressed his regrets
that she had not stayed longer. In the great street doorway was seated
the husband, but no Jan, no Pavlovitch, so Jo sat with him, somewhat
embarrassed, eating bits of apple which he peeled for her.
In the afternoon we went to bid farewell to the Archbishop and took
Pavlovitch with us. The Archbishop gave Pavlovitch a poor welcome until
he heard his name.
"Are _you_ Nikola Pavlovitch, of whom I have heard so much from the
Governor? I thought you were only a common soldier. I have met you at
last."
We felt we were really consorting with the great.
Jo related her harem experiences, and he told of the attempts of the
young Turks in Constantinople to abolish the veil, of how he had
assisted at small dinner parties where the ladies had discarded their
veils, and of the ferocity with which the priests and leaders had fought
and quashed the movement.
One lady had ventured unveiled into the bazaar, and one of the lowest of
women had given her a blow on the face. On appealing to a policeman she
had received small comfort, as he told her she ought to be ashamed of
herself.
As we went home we met women coming home from the fair with unsold
carpets. They accosted us and wanted to know why we were writing them in
the morning so that they could tell their relatives all about it.
When we reached our bedroom the old innkeeper came in. In dulcet tones
she admired our purchases. We were rather stiff.
Suddenly she fell upon Jo's neck saying, "You mustn't be angry with me,"
and remained there explaining.
When she left, Jo looked gravely at Jan, took a toothcomb, let down her
hair, and worked hard for a while.
Next day we went for a long walk. As we were returning a terrific storm
burst over us. We had left our mackintoshes in the inn, and were soon
wet through. We got back just at supper time, and after, as Jan had no
change of clothing, he decided to go to bed in his wet things, heaping
blankets and rugs over himself in the hopes of being dry by the morrow.
[Illustration]