1862.
_Our Campaigns in the year 1862: The campaign to Winchester, under General
Banks. The great Peninsular campaign, under General McClellan. The
campaign in Maryland under the same; and Burnside's campaign on the
Rappahannock, ending with the battle of Fredericksburg._
_Wednesday, January 1._--Battery in camp near Poolesville; we, the centre
section, on picket at Conrad's Ferry. Our picket duty, at this place, has
been a very pleasant one, being very light, except the guard duty. Firing
of videttes was very frequent during the night. But never did either party
disturb the other with artillery practice during our stay. Sometimes
signal rockets were sent up on the Maryland side, by rebel sympathizers,
which were generally answered from the Virginia shore. General Stone had
strong block-houses, of solid oak-timber, built on the line from Muddy
Branch to Conrad's Ferry, for the defence of the Maryland side, large
enough to hold three hundred men each. May it be remembered, pigs had to
suffer in our neighborhood. The weather, having been pleasant for weeks,
became very wintry after the first of January.
_Sunday, January 5._--Battery G, Captain Owen, Rhode Island, (four
twenty-pound Parrott guns and two howitzers,) arrived at Poolesville.
_Tuesday, January 7._--Great liveliness in the rebel forts,--bands playing
and soldiers strengthening the fortifications.
_Thursday, January 9._--Severe cold since yesterday. The Potomac froze
to-day. A steam tug coming up the river, was a rare sight to both sides.
_Friday, January 10._--An officer of the First Minnesota Regiment appeared
at our quarters, communicating that rebel pickets occupied Harrison's
Island.
_Saturday, January 11._--Nothing stirring.
_Sunday, January 12._--Considerable picket firing. Nothing important up to
_Monday, January 20._--The centre section was relieved from picket at
Conrad's Ferry, by the left section, under Lieut. Newton. The guns of the
former remained there to be taken by the left section.
_Wednesday, January 22._--Received two months pay. News arrived in the
evening of the Union victory at Springfield, Kentucky, and death of the
rebel General Zollicoffer, in honor of which a national salute of
thirty-four guns was fired. Quiet in camp, the latter part of January.
_Saturday, February 1._--During the past month the right section done
picket duty once on the Potomac.
_Monday, February 3._--The left section relieved the right section to-day.
_Friday, February 7._--Received the news of the surrender of Fort Henry.
_Saturday, February 8._--General Stone was arrested to-day. General
Sedgwick takes his command.
_Monday, February 10._--The centre section relieved the left section at
Conrad's Ferry.
_Thursday, February 13._--Considerable picket firing. Captain Owen opened
with his twenty-pound Parrott guns, from Edwards Ferry, on Fort
Beauregard. Kept up firing for an hour. Four negroes crossed the river,
bringing two horses along. Owen's Battery opened a second time in the
afternoon.
_Friday, February 14._--One of the pickets of the Thirty-fourth New York,
shot the rebel officer of the day, passing the picket line alongside the
river.
_Saturday, February 15._--Heavy firing in the direction of Drainesville.
Snow-storm.
_Sunday, February 16._--Official news of the taking of Fort Donelson.
_Monday, February 17._--We (centre section) were relieved from picket duty
by the right section, Lieutenant J. G. Hassard.
_Saturday, February 22._--Camp Wilkes. The rebels fired salutes in honor
of Washington's birth-day.
_Sunday, February 23._--The rebels opened with their artillery, the first
time during the winter, demolishing a government wagon.
_Monday, February 24._--Orders came in the afternoon to get ready to march
the coming day. New knapsacks were issued, and rations kept ready for
three days. Great times in camp, especially in the sixth detachment, all
the rations on hand being sold to Benson's for whiskey. Who would not
remember S. that evening, the stove, and O! Su!
_Tuesday, February 25._--Sedgwick's division left Poolesville at eight
o'clock, A. M. Marched through Barnesville, and after several unsuccessful
attempts to get the artillery across the Sugar Loaf Mountain, stopped over
night at the foot of the mountain. A very cold night. No tents.
_Wednesday, February 26._--Marched at seven o'clock A. M. Arrived at
Adamstown by eleven o'clock A. M. General Banks was at Harper's Ferry
already. Troops were passing by railroad, en route for Harper's Ferry, all
the time. Our battery went in park, for the rest of the day, close to the
railroad. General McClellan passed through in a special train. Rain all
night.
_Thursday, February 27._--The battery was loaded on cars in the morning.
The baggage teams, and the drivers with the battery-horses, went on the
turnpike road, through Jefferson City, Petersville, Knoxville, and
Weavertown, and arrived at Sandy Hook by nightfall. The cannoniers, coming
by railroad, made a raid on a number of express boxes, after which,
eatables and all sorts of liquors being plenty, all night, the happiness
of the men reached such a degree, as to make it impossible to post a
guard,--Novel and Drape being the happiest men in the sixth detachment,
while Jim Lewes hallooed for Billy Knight all the time. The night was
extremely windy and cold.
_Friday, February 28._--The battery crossed the Potomac to Harper's Ferry
on a pontoon bridge. We occupy one of the government buildings on the
hill.
_Saturday, March 1._--Remained in our quarters up to
_Friday, March 7._--Left Harper's Ferry. Detached to General Gorman's
brigade. Marched till within a mile of Charlestown, Virginia, and went in
camp to the left of the road, close to the First Minnesota, Colonel Sully.
_Saturday, March 8._--Remained in camp near Charlestown, and received new
Sibly tents to-day.
_Monday, March 10._--Marched through Charlestown, and thence to
Berryville. On this occasion, something happened that wants mentioning.
When leaving Poolesville, Captain J. A. Tompkins ordered the men to carry
the knapsacks on the back. This is contrary to regulations. It created a
great deal of dissatisfaction. The lot of a soldier is hard enough,
without irritating him unreasonably. But, honor to the lamented hero,
General Sedgwick, who, riding by our battery, at Charlestown, peremptorily
ordered Captain Tompkins to have no more knapsacks carried by any of his
men. An engagement was anticipated. Rebels were seen beyond Ripton. By one
and a-half o'clock, our left section unlimbered, and fired two shells
towards Berryville. Van Allen's, and the Eighth Michigan cavalry, drove
the rebel cavalry, two hundred and fifty strong, out of the town. Our
battery followed closely--Gorman's brigade in our rear. The stars and bars
were lowered from the church steeple, and a substitute furnished in the
shape of the colors of the First Minnesota. The pieces of the battery were
brought in separate position by sections.
_Tuesday, March 11._--Halted at Berryville during daytime. In the evening,
the battery united outside the town, going in camp; but the guns in
position.
_Wednesday, March 12._--Some men of the First Minnesota, and Corporal
Butler, of our battery, took possession of Gregg's printing office, of
"The Berryville Observator," and published quite a number of copies of
said paper. News of McClellan's occupation of Manassas arrived, in
consequence of which, a salute of forty guns was fired. In the evening,
when Captain Tompkins rode into camp, the assembly was blown at once, and
he addressed the men as follows: "Boys, a fight is going on at Winchester,
and this battery must be there within twenty-five minutes." Camp was
struck, and the battery on the road, when the order was countermanded.
_Thursday, March 13._--At Berryville. Marched by eight o'clock A. M.
towards Winchester. When within two miles of the latter place, orders
arrived for our division to return to Harper's Ferry. General Banks'
troops were occupying Winchester already. Arrived at Berryville again by
four o'clock in the afternoon.
_Friday, March 14._--Marched to our old campground, beyond Charlestown.
_Saturday, March 15._--Marched to Harper's Ferry, and occupied the
government building, in which we were quartered before, again. A heavy
rain-storm to-day.
_Saturday, March 22._--We left Harper's Ferry in the morning. During the
afternoon, the battery was loaded on railroad cars at Sandy Hook. The
train started by seven o'clock in the evening, for Washington.
_Sunday, March 23._--Arrived at Washington by eleven o'clock A. M., and
unloaded the battery at once. Marched from the depot to the camp of the
New England cavalry. The guns were guarded near the depot. The horses,
under charge of Captain Tompkins, and Lieutenant J. G. Hassard, were
coming on the country road.
_Monday, March 24._--At Camp "Dunkins." Quiet.
_Tuesday, March 25._--The drivers arrived with the horses. In the
afternoon, our James' rifle guns were returned to the Washington Arsenal,
and those of Battery I, First United States regulars, given to us. They
consist of four Parrott guns and two brass howitzers.
_Wednesday, March 26._--Camp Dunkins. Nothing important.
_Thursday, March 27._--We are to join McClellan's army on the Peninsula.
Had battery drill in the afternoon, and directly after that marched to the
foot of G street to load the battery. Recruits arrived from Rhode
Island,--Joseph Brooks, who was taken prisoner at the Bull Run battle
amongst them.
_Friday, March 28._--The guns were loaded on board the propeller Novelty;
the horses on the barge Onrust. Those of the right section on the schooner
Charmer. The vessels started by twelve o'clock M. Dropped anchor in front
of Alexandria at six o'clock in the evening.
_Sunday, March 30._--On board the Onrust. Started again at daylight in tow
of the steamer Golden Gate, having four companies of the First Minnesota
aboard. Anchored near Port Tobacco in the evening.
_Monday March 31._--Steamed down the Chesapeake Bay, and dropped anchor
opposite Fortress Monroe.
_Tuesday, April 1._--Two French men-of-war and the Monitor, close to the
Onrust. Eighteen men from the centre section were sent to Hampton Roads in
a small boat, in the afternoon, to unload the battery from the Novelty.
Some of the other sections arrived there before us. At dark the centre
section was sent back to the schooner; but, unable to find it in the dark,
had to go aboard of one of the schooners occupied by Battery B.
_Wednesday, April 2._--Returned to Hampton at daylight. The battery and
horses were unloaded at once. General Sedgwick ordered the battery to go
to camp outside of Hampton, which was done in the afternoon.
_Thursday, April 3._--Hampton Roads. Great concentration of McClellan's
army. Our battery has to give up the tents.
_Friday, April 4._--The Second Corps on the move. Started by eight o'clock
A. M.; by four o'clock we went into park at Big Bethel, to camp for the
night.
_Saturday, April 5._--Marched at daybreak. Cannonading going on in front
of Yorktown. General McClellan passed the line amidst great cheering of
the troops. Strong intrenchments were found near Howard's Mills. At six
o'clock P. M. we went to camp three miles from Yorktown.
_Sunday, April 6._--Great scarcity of food. Our battery went on a
reconnoisance with General Burns' brigade. Only the pieces were taken
along, with eight horses to each. We are in plain sight of Yorktown. See
the rebel flag floating from the parapet. They fire very frequently at our
troops. After running suddenly against some of the enemy's batteries, we
returned to our former camp, "Winfield Scott."
_Monday, April 7._--Siege of Yorktown. The engineers at work. Heavy
ordnance on the way from Fortress Monroe.
_Tuesday, April 8._--All the provisions and forage has to be brought on
the backs of mules and horses from Shipping Point and Cheeseman's Creek,
the roads being impassable for wagons.
_Friday, April 11._--Our battery at rest since Tuesday. News of the battle
of Pittsburg Landing.
_Sunday, April 13._--Governor Sprague, General Barry, and Lieutenant
Colonel Reynolds in our camp to-day.
_Wednesday, April 16._--An engagement going on near Warwick Creek. Our
division is ordered forward. We advanced to within two miles of the
rebels' first line. The battery went to camp. Battery B was in action.
_Thursday, April 17._--Our two howitzers go to the front. Considerable
fighting was going on during the night. Our four Parrott guns ready to
march at a minute's notice.
_Friday, April 18._--At three o'clock P. M., orders came for our Parrott
guns to advance to within a mile of the enemy; when, getting in sight of
the rebels, we were saluted by a twelve-pound shot, the only fired at us
this day. The sections divided, the guns were unlimbered. We kept up a
desultory fire until sunset. The guns were sighted for the night. The
order given to fire one gun every thirty minutes at the enemy's works,
which was carried out.
_Saturday, April 19._--A brisk cannonade, kept up since daylight from our
side, without response from the enemy. By six o'clock P. M. the enemy
fired three times at Carlile's battery. Heavy picket firing at ten o'clock
in the night.
_Sunday, April 20._--The rebel infantry fired several heavy volleys into
our lines, doing no damage however. Generals Sumner, Sedgwick and Gorman
inspected the line. Our battery fired steadily all the morning. We were
relieved at four o'clock by Battery B, and went back to camp.
_Monday, April 21._--Camp Scott. The Vermont brigade, under General Smith,
was defeated at Warwick Creek. Temporary suspension of beating drums,
sounding the bugle, and playing of musicians.
_Tuesday, April 22._--At nine o'clock A. M. we went to the front. The
enemy fired twice at our arrival. We did not respond. In the evening we
fell back to the woods, covered by the Fifteenth Massachusetts regiment. A
siege gun was fired during the night.
_Wednesday, April 23._--At the front. The enemy fired twice in the
morning, and several times in the evening. Fire returned in both cases. At
dark we fell back again, in reserve.
_Thursday, April 24._--At the front. We were relieved at nine o'clock A.
M., by Battery B. News arrived of McDowell's occupation of Fredericksburg.
Heavy cannonade in the night.
_Saturday, April 26._--Fighting going on. Our battery was ordered to the
front. At our arrival, fighting closed, and we went back to camp.
_Monday, April 28._--Going to the front. At ten o'clock P. M., General
Sedgwick ordered Captain Tompkins to take his battery to the Redoubt No.
7, to cover the finishing of Battery No. 8. The rebels commenced heavy
shelling, to which we replied vigorously. Sections of Batteries B and G
were also engaged in it. They returned to their camps at nightfall. We
fell back in reserve, supported by the Fifteenth Regiment Massachusetts
volunteers.
_Tuesday, April 29._--At daylight we took position in Battery No. 8,
supported by one company of telescope-rifle sharp-shooters. The rebels
kept up a heavy fire all day. We went back in reserve at dark.
_Wednesday, April 30._--Battery No. 8. We were relieved in the morning by
Battery B. Heavy cannonading in the night.
_Thursday, May 1._--News of the capture of New Orleans.
_Friday, May 2._--Camp "Winfield Scott." Steady cannonading all day.
_Saturday, May 3._--The rebels are preparing to evacuate Yorktown. Heavy
firing, day and night.
_Sunday, May 4._--Evacuation of Yorktown. Our lines advanced at daybreak,
and found the fortifications deserted by the rebels, leaving most of the
siege-guns behind. Stoneman's cavalry is following up the enemy's
rear-guard. Our whole army ready to march.
_Monday, May 5._--A battle going on at Williamsburgh since morning. Our
division marched into Yorktown towards afternoon, under a heavy rain.
Explosions of torpedoes very frequent. We commenced to camp inside the
fortifications, but we were ordered to march towards Williamsburgh
immediately. The column started; halted shortly after on the turnpike
road, and remained during the night, under an incessant rain. This was one
of the most horrid nights we ever saw in the service. At two o'clock in
the morning orders came for us to retire to our camps to rest.
_Tuesday, May 6._--Our battery moved to the river, close to Yorktown,
ready to be shipped. General Franklin's corps is embarking already. We
loaded ammunition all day.
_Wednesday, May 7._--Our guns were put aboard the steamer Delaware. We
started for West Point, at the mouths of the Pamunkey and Mattapony
rivers. Arrived there at five o'clock P. M., and dropped anchor for the
night. General Franklin's corps had a fight with the enemy's rear-guard.
_Thursday, May 8._--Captain Arnold, of the regular artillery, inspected
the unloading of our battery. We camp close to the Pamunkey.
_Saturday, May 10._--West Point. The horses were landed to-day. By five
o'clock P. M., we marched two miles, and camped at Elkhorn, on the
Pamunkey.
_Sunday, May 11._--General McClellan arrived here to-day. He brought the
news of the destruction of the Merrimac.
_Monday, May 12._--At Elkhorn. Inspection of the division.
_Thursday, May 15._--Marched towards New Kent Court House, fifteen miles
from Elkhorn. Our camp five miles from Cumberland Landing.
_Friday, May 16._--Camp Stumps, near New Kent Court House.
_Sunday, May 18._--Marched through the last mentioned place, and went to
camp after having proceeded two miles. Remained there till
_Wednesday, May 21._--Marched at six o'clock A. M. Passed the Savage
House, at the Baltimore cross-roads, (headquarters of McClellan,) St.
Peter's Church, where Washington was married to Mrs. Custis, and went to
camp a few miles from Bottoms' Bridge. General McClellan issued two
rations of whiskey to the soldiers.
_Thursday, May 22._--Remained in camp near Bottoms' Bridge, on the York
River Railroad. During the afternoon, a heavy hailstorm occurred. Pieces
of ice, two inches in diameter, were found.
_Friday, May 23._--We marched across the railroad to Coal Harbor, to camp.
We seem to be held as a reserve corps, ready to reinforce both wings of
the army.
_Saturday, May 24._--Camp at Coal Harbor. Fighting is going on near the
Chickahominy. The balloon is up.
_Sunday, May 25._--At Coal Harbor. All quiet.
_Monday, May 26._--Orders came to be ready to march. Everything was packed
up; but we remained.
_Tuesday, May 27._--Coal Harbor. Fitz John Porter's corps, fighting near
Hanover Court House. Great excitement amongst the troops.
_Wednesday, May 28._--The Second corps marched four miles this morning, to
support Fitz John Porter's corps, near Mechanicsville. Went in line of
battle near New Bridge, and remained there all day.
_Thursday, May 29._--Our corps returned to Coal Harbor by four o'clock P.
M. Seven hundred prisoners were brought in.
_Friday, May 30._--Near Coal Harbor. Heavy rain.
_Saturday, May 31._--Commencement of the battles of the Seven Pines and
Fair Oaks. At two o'clock P. M., the battle began on the south side of the
Chickahominy. The enemy attacked Casey's division. The Second corps got
ready immediately, the Second division, General Sedgwick, leading to the
Chickahominy. We crossed at Grape Vine Bridge, built by the First
Minnesota, Colonel Sully, Battery I, First United States Regulars, being
the first artillery to cross, under great difficulties, the guns sinking
in up to the axle. Our battery followed next. Great excitement seemed to
prevail about getting artillery forward. But for the timely arrival of the
Second and Thirty-fourth New York, Fifteenth Massachusetts, and First
Minnesota Regiments, the day would have been lost--especially, the two New
York regiments, fought with great determination. Not until night set in,
the battle ceased. Our battery stood in the middle of the road all night.
The order was to be in line of battle by two o'clock A. M.
_Sunday, June 1._--Battle of Fair Oaks. Long before daylight our battery
was brought in line of battle in front of the house in which General
Sumner afterwards established his headquarters. The First Minnesota
supported us. The battle reopened at daylight, with great fury, the enemy
having been reinforced all night. Artillery was not used a great deal in
this battle, but the musketry fire exceeded any ever heard during the war.
In spite of the enemy's efforts, he was completely repulsed by ten o'clock
A. M., retreating to Richmond. General McClellan appeared in front of the
line of battle, encouraging the troops for the coming struggle.
_Monday, June 2._--Fair Oaks. In line of battle since two o'clock A. M.
The First Minnesota is fortifying our position. Cannonading going on near
Mechanicsville, in the afternoon. The enemy is shelling our line on the
railroad. Trains are arriving at the station with supplies. A heavy
shower.
_Tuesday, June 3._--The army is fortifying its line.
_Wednesday, June 4._--Heavy rain storm. All the bridges over the
Chickahominy destroyed.
_Thursday, June 5._--Brisk fighting near Mechanicsville all day.
_Friday, June 6._--Fair Oaks. Expiration of our first year in the service.
Very quiet on the line.
_Saturday, June 7._--General Burns' brigade made a reconnoisance, in
consequence of which a short fight took place.
_Sunday, June 8._--The enemy made a severe attack on our position this
morning. Bad conduct of Baxter's Zouaves. Generals Sedgwick and Gorman
forced them to return to the front. Visit of General McClellan, Duc de
Chartres, the Count of Paris, Prince de Joinville, the Spanish Generals
Prim and Milano del Bosch, Senor Justo San Miguel, Colonel Denteure,
Colonel Cordazo, Senor de Sales, and Senor Perez Caloo, Spanish historian.
They remained fifteen minutes at the headquarters of General Sumner, and
made quite a show.
_Monday, June 9._--Fair Oaks. The rebels open on General Gorman's picket
line, without inflicting any damage.
_Tuesday, June 10._--Fair Oaks. Heavy rain. The enemy opened with
artillery on General Smith's division, towards evening.
_Wednesday, June 11._--Fair Oaks. In line of battle since two o'clock A.
M. An attack expected every moment.
_Thursday, June 12._--Fair Oaks. Our whole line is fortifying stronger.
Baxter's Zouaves are building breastworks of solid timber. Splendid moon
nights.
_Friday, June 13._--Fair Oaks. We are in line of battle since three
o'clock A. M. At five o'clock the enemy opened on our line with two
Parrott guns, two Napoleons, and a howitzer, killing a man of Company I,
First Minnesota, and wounding one of the Thirty-fourth New York Regiment.
General McClellan inspected the whole line of Sumner's corps. Orders were
given to strengthen the breastworks. Generals Sumner and Sedgwick change
their headquarters, their former quarters being too much under fire.
_Saturday, June 14._--Fair Oaks. The First Minnesota were intrenching all
day. Very quiet along the line. Great raid of Stuart's cavalry at White
House Landing.
_Sunday, June 15._--Fair Oaks. Heavy firing in the direction of Fort
Darling.
_Monday, June 16._--Fair Oaks. General Sickles' brigade had a short
engagement with the rebels. General McClellan passed the line towards
evening. Heavy firing on both wings of the army.
_Tuesday, June 17._--Heavy cannonading in the direction of Fort Darling.
_Wednesday, June 18._--Fair Oaks. General Porter's artillery had quite an
engagement. In the afternoon the whole of the Second corps got ready for
action. Our battery was harnessed up. The infantry of Richardson's
division advanced under cover of two light batteries. The engagement was
of short duration. Our loss, one hundred and seventy, killed and wounded,
all of Richardson's division. General McClellan was present.
_Thursday, June 19._--Fair Oaks. The enemy lost nearly four hundred men in
yesterday's engagement.
_Friday, June 20._--Fair Oaks. Heavy skirmishing along the whole line.
_Saturday, June 21._--Fair Oaks. The whiskey rations are countermanded
to-day. During the night we were called under arms five times, the rebels
making repeated attacks on the railroad.
_Sunday, June 22._--Quiet along the line.
_Monday, June 23._--Fair Oaks. Short engagement on the railroad. Thunder
shower at night.
_Tuesday, June 24._--Fair Oaks. The enemy attacked at two o'clock A. M.
_Wednesday, June 25._--Heavy engagement near Old Church, lasting all day.
Heintzleman's corps engaged. Our loss, one thousand men.
_Thursday, June 26._--Fair Oaks. Battle of Gaines' Farm. General Fitz John
Porter was attacked on the north side of the Chickahominy this morning.
The battle was going on till nine o'clock P. M., with great fury, when
General Porter drove the enemy, as could be seen from our position. The
peal of artillery was terrible, and the sky at night in a constant blaze.
Great cheering along our line at ten o'clock in the night. All the bands
playing national airs.
_Friday, June 27._--Fair Oaks. Battle of Gaines' Mills. Stonewall Jackson
opened the battle this morning with overpowering numbers against General
Porter. We could see from our position how the rebels drove Porter's
troops from one position to the other. They are already fighting near Coal
Harbor. General McClellan ordered General Sumner to hold his position at
all hazards. By twelve o'clock A. M. we were attacked by the rebels with
great determination. Four batteries opened on our centre and Smith's
division, but were finally repulsed. General Porter is utterly defeated.
Meagher's Irish brigade went to cover his retreat. Troops are marching and
counter-marching all night. Great cheering within the rebel lines.
_Saturday, June 28._--Fair Oaks. Our centre was attacked again this
morning at ten o'clock. The enemy was handsomely repulsed, leaving one
hundred and fifty, killed and wounded, inside our lines,--Colonel Lamar,
of Georgia, among the latter. Our situation is very critical, our right
flank being turned. General Porter lost nine thousand men and twenty-four
guns, and is crossing Bottoms' Bridge. The rebels occupy White House
Landing. Towards evening, all the baggage teams were sent away, and all
surplus ammunition, arms and commissary stores destroyed. The army is
preparing to retreat. A part of the Second corps had already left, when
orders arrived that our position must be held. A deep gloom is prevailing
over the whole army.
_Sunday, June 29._--Evacuation of Fair Oaks. At three o'clock A. M. orders
came for us to leave as quick as possible. Smith's division had already
fallen back two miles, which movement completely exposed our right flank.
The rebels followed at our very heels. After marching a mile, General
Sumner hastily formed a line of battle, crossing the railroad. We were
not held long in inactivity. The rebels, in command of Magruder, soon
attacked with three brigades of infantry and three batteries. This fight
bears the name of battle of Peach Orchard. Our battery was in close
action, supported by General French's brigade. Pettit's New York eight gun
battery, was sent to our assistance towards three o'clock P. M. By General
Sumner's skilful manoeuvring we were enabled to fall back to Savage
Station, leaving the dead and wounded behind. At the latter place, half of
the Potomac army was drawn up in line of battle. The quantity of
ammunition and stores at that place was immense. (Who would not remember
the great explosion of the railroad train at Bottoms' Bridge.) About five
o'clock P. M., the battle of Savage Station commenced, and kept on until
late at night with great desperation. Our battery was within dangerous
range of the enemy's fire, but not engaged. About nine o'clock, we fell
back to the White Oak Swamp, arriving there at midnight.
_Monday, June 30._--Battle of Glendale Farm. This battle is known by five
different names: White Oak Swamp, Glendale Farm, Golding's Farm, Turkey
Bend, and of Charles City Road. At daybreak we formed in line of battle.
The enemy appeared shortly after. The battle opened at different points.
(Every one recollects the delay of our retreat on that day, in covering
our extensive trains, which occupied seventeen miles length of road.) At
three o'clock P. M. the rear of the trains passed by, just in time, as we
were attacked immediately after. The battle lasted until night. Sergeant
Hammond, Seidlinger, and Slocum were wounded. Battery B, Pennsylvania
Artillery, was taken by the rebels, right in our front. The gunboats
participated in the battle. We fell back at midnight, leaving our dead and
wounded on the field. Our battery carried their wounded off, but left one
caisson behind, a lynch-pin giving way. No other could be found during the
excitement.
_Tuesday, July 1._--Battle of Malvern Hill. We arrived at that place by
two o'clock A. M. The Potomac army occupied a splendid position. Prepared
for the expected enemy. The rear-guard came up at daylight, amidst
cheering and the playing of the bands. Our battery filled ammunition, but
during the whole day had the good fortune to be kept constantly in
reserve. Still, we were under fire constantly. Captain Coleman, of Rhode
Island, collected letters and moneys from those who wanted to send them to
their friends at home, before the battle commenced. Private Cooper was
shot in the leg, by one of our own men; also a horse of Captain Tompkins.
About ten o'clock the great battle commenced, artillery being used mostly.
Never was such heavy cannonading heard on this continent before that. The
gunboats threw shells at four miles distance. Weeden's Rhode Island
battery lost seven men by one of the gunboat shells. The battle raged
until late in the night, ending with the repulse of the rebel army. Every
one expected an advance on the enemy the coming morning; but in vain.
_Wednesday, July 2._--Malvern Hill. After a few hours rest, orders were
given at two o'clock A. M. to get ready,--to our astonishment,--to fall
back to Harrison Landing. The rain fell in torrents. The troops were
completely demoralized; every man was going on his own hook. A great many
threw away their arms without any reason. Order was given to abandon at
once any piece of artillery that should get stuck. Soldiers fired their
guns off in all directions. Not less than forty men were killed by such
careless practice. Harrison Landing is only six miles from Malvern Hill.
The whole army was crowded in a complete mud-hole. The spirit of the men
is very low. Our wounded, left in Malvern Hill hospital, had to foot their
way to Harrison Landing in the best manner they could. In spite of the
mud, we all enjoyed the first good night's rest for some weeks past.
_Thursday, July 3._--Harrison Landing. The enemy brought artillery to bear
upon our camps this morning; but their guns were taken by the Fourteenth
Indiana, of General Shields' division. At one time, all of our troops were
drawn up in line of battle. The gunboats fired some shots.
_Friday, July 4._--The army spread out in different camps this morning.
The Second corps moved at least a mile away from the landing. The day was
duly celebrated by firing salutes and playing of bands. General McClellan
reviewed the troops.
_Monday, July 7._--We changed our location this morning and established a
new camp in the woods. The rebel gunboat "Teazer" was captured by the
Monitor. President Lincoln visited the army. The troops passed review
before him. Kirby's battery fired a salute. Our battery cheered for
General Sumner.
_Tuesday, July 8._--Intensely hot weather. The army is fortifying the
outer lines, facing towards Malvern Hill.
_Sunday, July 13._--Camp near Harrison Landing. Sergeant Budlong was
reduced to the ranks for insubordination and insulting language towards
Lieutenant John G. Hassard.
_Monday, July 14._--Near Harrison Landing. Secretary Stanton visited the
army.
_Tuesday, July 15._--Near Harrison Landing. Notice was given by the
Sanitary Commission to-day to send a number of men to receive the
delicacies destined for us, (Battery A,) which was done accordingly. But
we never enjoyed the benefit of it, as everything disappeared in the
officers' quarters. My comrades in Providence can testify to this
statement. Heavy shower in the evening.
_Sunday, July 20._--Near Harrison Landing. Mounted inspection.
_Tuesday, July 22._--Near Harrison Landing. Great review of the Second
corps by General McClellan. The troops presented a splendid appearance,
considering the hardships endured. Our battery fired a salute.
_Wednesday, July 23._--Harrison Landing. We changed camp again, inside of
the woods.
_Thursday, July 24._--Harrison Landing. Very severe heat.
_Friday, July 25._--Our battery was taken to the James River, to clean the
carriages.
_Saturday, July 26._--Harrison Landing. Heavy shower.
_Sunday, July 27._--Harrison Landing. Mounted inspection.
_Monday, July 28._--Harrison Landing. Our two howitzers were exchanged for
Parrott guns from Battery G, New York volunteers, Captain Frank.
_Tuesday, July 29._--Harrison Landing. Jimmy Nutts was disabled while
dismounting from a limber-chest.
_Friday, August 1._--The rebels opened on us with a battery last night,
from the south side of the James River, killing seven men, and damaging
several transports. Our gunboats silenced them soon after.
_Monday, August 4._--Harrison Landing. Reconnoisance in force. Sedgwick's
and Richardson's divisions, besides other bodies of troops, cavalry, and
horse artillery, under command of General Joe Hooker, assembled by four
o'clock P. M., and left our line of fortifications at sunset. We marched
all night, in the direction of Charles City Court House. About one
o'clock in the night the column halted.
_Tuesday, August 5._--About four o'clock A. M., our column advanced,
throwing out skirmishers. By five o'clock the gunboats were heard firing
in the direction of Malvern Hill. At this time we were marching in the
neighborhood of the White Oak Swamp, on the Charles City road, the same
one we retreated by after the seven days' battles. General Hooker's force,
amounting to twenty thousand men, advanced rapidly on to Malvern Hill. A
small engagement took place between our cavalry and horse artillery, and
the enemy. But the plan of capturing the rebel force, consisting of but
twelve hundred men, failed entirely. They escaped, leaving only two dead
and fifty prisoners in our hands. Our loss was four killed and twelve
wounded. Captain Benson, of the regular horse artillery, was killed. The
Lieutenant Colonel of the Eighth Illinois cavalry, mortally wounded. The
cause of the enemy's escape was attributed to Brigadier General Frank
Patterson, son of General Patterson of Bull Run notoriety. General
McClellan appeared in the afternoon, in high glee. We remained on the spot
all day. In the evening our battery was brought in position, facing White
Oak Swamp. Beautiful moon night. We slept once more on the great
battle-field.
_Wednesday, August 6._--On Malvern Hill. Stayed all day, and expected to
stay all night. Tents were pitched, with a view to remain longer; but
about nine o'clock P. M., picket firing commenced, and at midnight, very
suddenly, orders were given to get ready to march back to Harrison
Landing. The report circulated that the enemy was advancing with superior
numbers. About half ways, we were met by the greater part of the Army of
the Potomac, covering our retreat.
_Thursday, August 7._--Arrived at Harrison Landing at three and a half
o'clock A. M., and went back to our old camp.
_Friday, August 8._--Harrison Landing. The rebels occupy Malvern Hill
again. Intensely hot weather--113 deg. in the shade.
_Saturday, August 9._--Our battery was cleaned to-day. Splendid moon
night.
_Monday, August 11._--Harrison Landing. Preparations to evacuate the
place. All the baggage to be sent away by transports, and rations for six
days to be kept on hand.
_Tuesday, August 12._--Harrison Landing. Fitz John Porter's corps started
to-day.
_Wednesday, August 13._--Harrison Landing. News of General Pope's battle
at Cedar Mountain.
_Friday, August 15._--Harrison Landing. Everything is packed, and the
battery hitched up. Troops were marching by all night. Sumner's corps to
be the rear-guard.
_Saturday, August 16._--Left Harrison Landing at three o'clock A. M.
Marched on the river road and halted at dark, in line of battle.
_Sunday, August 17._--March through Charles City Court House. To-day's
march was one of the most disagreeable ever made, being very hot, and so
dusty as to make all the trees look white. Plenty of dead horses and mules
on the road. Arrived at the Chickahominy river at midnight. All the
artillery crossed over the large pontoon bridge, of ninety-seven boats,
during the night.
_Monday, August 18._--The infantry crossed since daybreak, followed by the
cavalry and horse artillery. One gunboat is close to the bridge. The
rebels showed themselves, without molesting our rear-guard. One of our
batteries opened on them. By ten o'clock we resumed our march. Our corps
went to camp in the afternoon.
_Tuesday, August 19._--March through Williamsburg. Some dismounted guns,
from the battle in May, were still standing in the streets. We passed Fort
Magruder, and went to camp two miles from the latter.
_Wednesday, August 20._--Marched at six o'clock A. M., and went to camp a
mile from Yorktown.
_Thursday, August 21._--Tedious march through Yorktown, Howard's Mills,
over Shipping Point to Hampton Roads, where we arrived by five o'clock P.
M., having marched twenty-two miles to-day. The infantry has gone to
Newport News.
_Friday, August 22._--Hampton Roads. Heavy rain.
_Saturday, August 23._--Hampton Roads. Troops are continuously shipped.
_Sunday, August 24._--Hampton Roads. Heavy rain. Kirby's and our battery
marched to the landing. Both batteries were loaded on board the
ferry-boat Jefferson. Men and horses remained ashore for the night.
_Tuesday, August 26._--Hampton Roads. Men and horses were shipped on board
the schooners Buena Vista and Clara Belle. The schooners were taken by
tug-boat to Fortress Monroe, waiting for further orders. At six o'clock P.
M., the steamer "Forrest City," having the Second United States cavalry on
board, attached our schooner in tow, and started for Alexandria. In
consideration of having the troops rested from their tedious marching
across the Peninsula, contrabands were engaged by the government to load
the vessels. An overseer of such a working party reported to our battery.
But Lieutenant J. Hassard suggested that he would rather have the men of
the battery do the work, as they had not done anything lately. I owe it to
the members of Battery A, to mention those facts.
_Wednesday, August 27._--In sight of Aquia Creek. Received orders to
proceed to Alexandria the next morning.
_Thursday, August 28._--Left Aquia Creek at four o'clock A. M. Passed
Mount Vernon by seven, Fort Washington by eight, and arrived at Alexandria
by ten o'clock. Both batteries, horses and all, were unloaded by five
o'clock P. M. Marched through Alexandria at once, and went to camp outside
the city.
_Friday, August 29._--Alexandria. Our battery, accompanied by the Seventh
Michigan Regiment, and Fifty-ninth New York, left this morning, going
towards the Chain Bridge, on which an attack was anticipated. We passed
through Fort Runyon, on the road leading to Manassas, turning off to Fort
Ethan Allen, covering the Chain Bridge. The fort was occupied by the One
Hundred and Twenty-third Pennsylvania, Seventy-first New York, and
Eleventh New Jersey regiments. We took position one mile in front of it.
_Saturday, August 30._--Near Fort Ethan Allen. Heavy cannonading in the
direction of Manassas Junction. Two regiments of cavalry are making a
reconnoissance towards Leesburg. At five o'clock P. M. we went to Fort
Ethan Allen, crossed the Potomac over Chain Bridge, and marched until
eight o'clock. Coming up to General Dana's brigade, we halted for the
night.
_Sunday, August 31._--At three o'clock in the morning, all the troops of
our corps marched through Georgetown, crossed the Potomac, over the
Aqueduct Bridge, and proceeded on the road to Fairfax Court House. After
sunrise it commenced to rain. Paroled prisoners, captured from Stonewall
Jackson, passing us on the road, gave us no bright picture of the second
battle of Bull Run. We halted at one o'clock, about four miles from the
Court House. About seven o'clock P. M., order arrived from General
Sedgwick, to take up our march. After various marching and
counter-marching, we arrived at the Court House by one o'clock in the
night.
_Monday, September 1._--Fairfax Court House. At seven o'clock A. M. we
proceeded to Germantown, going in position, facing Chantilly. Troops were
coming in from Centreville all day. General McDowell's corps, who lost
nearly all their artillery, amongst them. An engagement, lasting from five
o'clock P. M. till dark, was going on at Chantilly amidst a heavy thunder
shower. Generals Kearney and Stevens were killed. About six o'clock P. M.
we fell back to Fairfax Court House, camping on the same spot we occupied
a year ago, while under Captain Reynolds, previous to the first battle of
Bull Run.
_Tuesday, September 2._--Fairfax Court House. During the whole night,
troops were marching to the defences of Washington. Pope's and McClellan's
armies are rapidly falling back, Sumner's corps covering the retreat, as
usual. We left the Court House at eight o'clock A. M., forming a line of
battle on Flint Hill. Heavy clouds of dust, from the rebel columns,
marching towards the Potomac, could be seen in the distance. Not being
attacked, our line of march was resumed; but shortly afterwards, a rebel
battery opened on our rear, directly from the town. General Sumner ordered
one section of our battery, and the First Minnesota infantry, to take
position, planting the two guns of the right section, one on each side of
the road. Shortly after dark the enemy appeared. We could hear the
unlimbering of the artillery. At that moment we opened lively with shell
and canister, while Colonel Sully threw his regiment across the road, and
kept up a brisk musketry fire on the advancing cavalry of the enemy. Being
unable to use their artillery, the rebels retreated instantly. Seven men
of the First Minnesota were killed and wounded. One of our limber-chests
was upset, the pole being broken by the horses, injuring John Setton,
driver, and one horse. Colonel Sully, anxious to fall back, advised
Captain Tompkins not to lose any time, and if needs be, to abandon the
gun. Captain Tompkins replied, he would carry the gun along or share the
fate of it. We all went to work, tying the two guns and limbers together
with ropes and straps. In the vicinity of Vienna, a body of cavalry made a
charge on our column, firing at us with pistols and carbines. The First
Maryland Cavalry, and Company I, First Minnesota, left us without offering
any resistance to them. The greatest excitement prevailed for some time.
General Sumner gave credit to our battery for not having left the guns.
Some said the charge was made by a party of our own cavalry by mistake;
but the dead and wounded, found in rebel uniform, contradicted that. After
a weary march, we arrived near Fort Ethan Allen, at three o'clock A. M.
_Wednesday, September 3._--Sumner's corps marched across the Chain Bridge
to Tenallytown, and went to camp.
_Thursday, September 4._--Tenallytown, Maryland. Heavy cannonade on the
upper Potomac.
_Friday, September 5._--Tenallytown. The rebel army has crossed the
Potomac. We left Tenallytown this morning. Marched to Rockville, twelve
miles from Washington, and went to camp three miles from that place. New
clothes were issued to-night.
_Saturday, September 6._--Near Rockville. This morning the cavalry and our
battery advanced several miles, going in position on a hill. Thirty
cavalrymen were captured last night. Scouts coming in the afternoon
informed of the enemy's presence, only four miles from us. We fell back
until, to our surprise, we found the whole of the Second corps in line of
battle. Our battery took position immediately. The whole road was covered
by our artillery.
_Sunday, September 7._--Near Rockville. The rebel army occupies Frederick
City. Our cavalry dashed into Poolesville. We marched only six miles
to-day.
_Tuesday, September 9._--We started by ten o'clock, A. M., and marched
seven miles. Our cavalry had a fight at Barnesville.
_Wednesday, September 10._--March to Clarksburg. Our advance is getting
very slow.
_Thursday, September 11._--March to Hyattstown, eight miles from
Frederick. We formed in line of battle on a hill in front of the town. Our
skirmishers advanced, but could not find the enemy.
_Friday, September 12._--Left Hyattstown at nine o'clock A. M., marched
only five miles and went to camp. Eight thousand men, cavalry and horse
artillery, passed by this afternoon. Signal lights can be seen on Sugar
Loaf Mountain.
_Saturday, September 13._--Early in the morning, we marched through
Urbana. General McClellan passed by at ten o'clock, crossing the Monocacy
river. Triumphant entrance into Frederick City. The houses and inhabitants
of the city presented a good appearance. Flags were floating all over.
General McClellan was surrounded by all of his corps and division
commanders, on the roadside. The troops cheered while marching by. Our
cavalry and horse artillery drove the rebel rear-guard out of the city,
and are chasing them up the South Mountain Pass, the smoke of the
artillery is plainly to be seen. The engine house in Frederick City is
full of prisoners.
_Sunday, September 14._--Battle of South Mountain. General Burnside,
marching all of last night, attacked the enemy, near Berkley, early this
morning. Our corps left Frederick by eight o'clock A. M., marching towards
the mountain. Considerable time was lost by getting on the wrong road. We
arrived on the top of the first range of mountains by three o'clock P. M.,
and witnessed one of the grandest scenes ever seen during the war,--the
contest for the possession of South Mountain Pass. At five o'clock P. M.
the pass was forced on the point of the bayonet, by the troops under
General Reno, who fell during the charge. We arrived at Berkley by ten
o'clock at night.
_Monday, September 15._--March through South Mountain Pass. The
battle-field gives evidence of the desperate fighting of yesterday. Our
advance guard is pressing the rear of the enemy through Boonesboro, where
we passed through at eleven o'clock A. M. The church and barns are full of
wounded and rebel prisoners. The inhabitants seem to be elated at our
entrance. After going two miles further, we halted four hours. Skirmishing
was going on near Kettysville. After dark we marched through the town.
_Tuesday, September 16._--Battle of Antietam. The battle commenced about
eight o'clock, opening with heavy cannonading. Our division changed
position during the afternoon, going from the centre to the right, passing
through Kettysville, and crossed Antietam Creek before dark. We were not
engaged to-day.
_Wednesday, September 17._--Battle of Antietam and Sharpsburg. Since four
o'clock A. M., the battle is raging furiously. Joe Hooker gained some
ground early in the morning, but was wounded soon after the beginning. Our
battery was ordered to take position close to Hooker's line. The
battle-field wore a terrific aspect, at our arrival. Before reaching the
designated position, we had to pass through the enemy's artillery fire for
nearly a mile. Two men of our battery, Fred. Phillips and Patrick Larkins,
were wounded, before getting in position. Marching through a cornfield, we
saw one of our batteries, entirely demolished, and hundreds of dead and
wounded lying around. Crossing the fields, we were heartily cheered by our
famous old Sedgwick's division, which was advancing on the enemy like
veterans. We took our position near a cemetery and in front of a burning
farm-house, a place already fought for all the morning, as could be seen
by the dead and wounded strewn around. We relieved a battery of Hooker's
command, and were supported by but two companies of the Twenty-eighth
Pennsylvania infantry, commanded by a sergeant. Here we fought, repeatedly
against artillery and infantry, for four hours and a half. At one time our
situation was very critical. The enemy, after driving Gorman's brigade, on
our right, came charging from that direction. We used double charges of
canister. There was a time when half of the battery was compelled to cease
firing. The order, "limber to the rear," was given; but, fortunately, not
heard, as it would have resulted in the certain capture of the battery. At
that critical turn, Captain Tompkins called on our infantry support to
advance and do their duty, which they did, enabling us to load again. The
enemy, after failing to take the battery, retreated slowly, leaving his
battle-flag behind, which, by right, should have been given to the
battery, as it fell before the infantry support advanced. Our ammunition
giving away, Captain Tompkins sent word to be relieved. John Leech
deserves due mentioning here, for carrying notice through the hottest
fire, regardless of his personal safety, to bring rescue to his comrades.
Shortly afterwards, Battery G, Rhode Island, came to relieve us. We left
the field under a heavy fire of the enemy's batteries, leaving our dead
and wounded behind. Battery G fired only a few rounds, and left the
position we held for four hours and a half. The ground was taken by the
enemy. We returned to our former rendezvous, near Hoffman's farm, and
received a written compliment from General Sumner for our good behavior.
Our loss was: Killed--Sergeant Reed, John Lawrence, Joe Bosworth, Stone.
Wounded--Budlong, John Church, Robert Raynor, F. C. Preston, Sherman
Larkin, Zimmerli, Corporal Childs, Fred. Phillips, Francis Phillips,
Cargill, Abner Wilder, and Theodore Reichardt. We lost nine horses. During
the afternoon, we loaded ammunition. The battle raged till night set in,
principally near Sharpsburg. Colonel Miles surrendered Harper's Ferry,
with eleven thousand five hundred men, to Stonewall Jackson.
_Thursday, September 18._--Antietam. Both armies are skirmishing briskly
since daylight. Our battery left Hoffman's farm in the morning, and went a
little nearer to the battle-field. Lieutenant Jeffrey Hassard started,
with eight selected men, to obtain the bodies of our dead, but was not
able to accomplish it, the enemy's sharpshooters firing on our approach.
During the afternoon a truce was concluded between the two armies, for the
purpose of burying the fallen. The remains of Sergeant Reed, John
Lawrence, Joe Bosworth and Ed. Stone, were recovered in a mutilated
state, and interred in the evening in the presence of the battery.
_Friday, September 19._--The enemy has fallen back to the Potomac.
Thousands of dead are covering the field yet. We remained quiet all day.
_Saturday, September 20._--Antietam. We exchanged three guns with Pettit's
New York battery. Our battery marched back to Boonsboro, close to
McClellan's headquarters, in the afternoon. Having settled down for the
night, we were suddenly aroused and ordered to march immediately to
Sharpsburg. An engagement was going on at Shepardstown, close to the
Potomac, ending to our disadvantage. We passed through Sharpsburg at two
o'clock in the night, and went into park outside of the town.
_Sunday, September 21._--Sharpsburg, McClellan's headquarters. Cannonading
still sounding from the Potomac. There is scarcely a house in Sharpsburg,
which shows no marks of our artillery fire. The inhabitants admit that
General Burnside gave them a right smart shelling.
_Monday, September 22._--Sharpsburg, headquarters of McClellan. Sumner's
corps marched to Harper's Ferry to-day; but we remained, receiving a new
battery of three-inch rifle guns.
_Tuesday, September 23._--Sharpsburg. We left the place at two o'clock P.
M. Crossed the Antietam, and marched to the foot of Maryland Heights,
going to camp for the night.
_Wednesday, September 24._--We arrived at Harper's Ferry at ten o'clock
A. M., and went to camp on Bolivar Heights.
_Sunday, September 28._--Bolivar. Mounted inspection.
_Wednesday, October 1._--President Lincoln visited the Army of the
Potomac. Our battery fired a salute of twenty-one guns.
_Friday, October 3._--Bolivar. Mounted inspection.
_Sunday, October 5._--Bolivar. Mounted inspection. The Seventh Regiment,
Rhode Island infantry, arrived at Sandy Hook, Maryland.
_Thursday, October 9._--Bolivar. We were paid off for five months service.
_Thursday, October 16._--Bolivar. Reconnoisance in force. Ten thousand men
started early in the morning under command of General Hancock. The enemy
was found near Charlestown, opening on us with artillery. Battery A,
Fourth Regular Artillery, went into action. Our battery supported the
Fourth regulars, and the enemy's battery left soon. Battery A, Fourth
regulars, had a caisson blown up, one man killed and four wounded. We
occupied Charlestown, going in position outside of the town, pointing to
Berryville and Smithfield. Heavy rain in the evening. The cars were
running between Harper's Ferry and Charlestown all night, carrying off
grain from the latter place to Harper's Ferry. The troops were in line of
battle during the night.
_Friday, October 17._--Charlestown, Virginia. In position. We left
Charlestown at two o'clock P. M. Marched back to Halltown. At that place
General Hancock formed a line of battle, an attack of the rebels being
anticipated. All the artillery went in position on high ground, while the
infantry formed below. We remained on the hill all night. It was very cold
during the night.
_Saturday, October 18._--We returned to Bolivar Heights early in the
morning, and went back to camp.
_Tuesday, October 21._--Battery drill in the morning.
_Sunday, October 26._--Captain Tompkins went off on a furlough.
_Monday, October 27._--Bolivar. General Burnside has crossed the Potomac
at Berlin.
_Wednesday, October 29._--Bolivar. We are under marching orders.
_Thursday, October 30._--Bolivar. Troops are crossing the Shenandoah river
all day. Our battery left Bolivar at two o'clock P. M. Marched through
Harper's Ferry and crossed the Shenandoah by way of pontoons. Advanced on
the Leesburg turnpike six miles. After sunset we went to camp for the
night.
_Friday, October 31._--Loudon Valley. We were mustered in for two months
pay; after that, changed camp, and remained quiet for the rest of the day.
Troops are passing by all day.
_Saturday, November 1._--Loudon Valley. We commenced marching at ten
o'clock in the direction of Snicker's Gap, passed Snickersville, and
formed in line of battle in the evening, near Wood Grove. Marched ten
miles to-day. A number of pigs were killed during the night.
_Sunday, November 2._--Wood Grove. Commenced marching at eight o'clock A.
M. A fight was in progress between Burnside's corps and the rebels. We
could see the firing of guns. Camped at seven o'clock P. M. Cold and rainy
weather.
_Monday, November 3._--Marched at ten o'clock A. M., towards Union and
Upperville. Firing was heard in the afternoon. Shortly afterwards we could
see Pleasanton's cavalry running close after the enemy's. We went to camp.
Splendid moon night. Great slaughter amongst pigs, sheep, and chickens.
_Tuesday, November 4._--Loudon Valley, Virginia. We marched through
Upperville about 1 o'clock P. M. General Burnside and staff passed by. At
three o'clock we came through Paris, at the foot of Ashby Gap. Occupied
the heights of Ashby Gap and went in position. A most splendid view
presented itself to our eyes. The whole Shenandoah Valley, Winchester,
Berryville, Bunker Hill, and other places could distinctly be seen. The
enemy's camp fires were visible on the other side of the Shenandoah river.
The weather is very cold.
_Wednesday, November 5._--Ashby Gap. Remained in position all day. Some of
us had quite a time, killing a young bull. A fearful cold night. Some snow
fell.
_Thursday, November 6._--We left Ashby Gap at eight o'clock A. M. Marched
seven miles, and went to camp near Cubb run.
_Friday, November 7._--We remained in camp to-day. The horses are in a bad
condition, and most of the men without shoes. Snow fell three inches deep.
_Saturday, November 8._--Marched in the morning with only four horses to a
gun. Passed through Salem and Rectortown. Generals McClellan, Burnside,
and Sumner, rode past the line. We went to camp at four o'clock P. M.
_Sunday, November 9._--Arrived at Warrenton at twelve o'clock M., and went
to camp outside of the town.
_Monday, November 10._--Warrenton. To the astonishment of the army, it was
announced to-day that General McClellan was to be removed from the Army of
the Potomac, and the command transferred to General Burnside. The troops
turned out on parade along the road. General McClellan and staff passed
by. He seemed to be greatly affected. The air rang with the cheers of the
troops for their old commander.
_Tuesday, November 11._--Warrenton. The army is poorly supplied with
provisions at present.
_Wednesday, November 12._--Warrenton. We received the first mail since the
twenty-first of October.
_Saturday, November 15._--Left Warrenton this morning. Marched nine miles
and went to camp.
_Sunday, November 16,_--Started at eight o'clock A. M. Marched fifteen
miles and went to camp.
_Monday, November 17._--Left at eight o'clock A. M. for Falmouth. Pettit's
Battery went in position on a hill opposite Fredericksburg, and had quite
an action with a rebel battery. Our battery advanced to support, but did
not fire. At five o'clock P. M. we retired and went to camp.
_Tuesday, November 18._--Camp near Falmouth. The Army of the Potomac is
divided in three grand divisions. Sumner commands the right, Franklin the
left, Joe Hooker the centre, and Sigel the reserve.
_Thursday, November 20._--We moved our camp closer to Falmouth. It rained
all day.
_Wednesday, November 26._--Near Falmouth. Lieutenant Henry Newton left the
battery and service to-day.
_Thursday, November 27._--Thanksgiving day, but a poor one for us. The
army lives on hard bread, pork and coffee.
_Sunday, November 30._--The railroad to Aquia Creek is in operation now.
_Monday, December 1._--The men of our battery cleaned up the camp of the
First Minnesota regiment. A guard was kept on the ground all night.
_Tuesday, December 2._--Near Falmouth. The battery moved on the new
ground.
_Wednesday, December 3._--A stable for the officers' horses in the course
of building.
_Monday, December 8._--Commenced to build a stable for the battery
horses.
_Wednesday, December 10._--New clothes were given out to-day. Everything
ready for an advance.
_Thursday, December 11._--Bombardment of Fredericksburg. Last night a
large part of the artillery was brought in position, close to the river,
and before daybreak, about one hundred and thirty guns were throwing shell
and shot in the city, without eliciting any reply, except from rebel
sharpshooters in the cellars on the river line, compelling the engineers
to give up the attempt of laying pontoons across the river. Fires broke
out in several places during the day. Towards evening, two companies, one
of the Seventy-first New York, (Tammany,) and one of the Seventh Michigan,
volunteered to cross the Rappahannock on scows, charged on the
sharpshooters, and took fifty prisoners, losing fifteen killed. The
pontoon bridge was completed shortly after, and three thousand men entered
the city before night. We remained this side of the Rappahannock. Our
battery was close to the river all day, but did not fire.
_Friday, December 12._--Troops are crossing over on the pontoons to
Fredericksburg. Our battery moved towards the river about eight o'clock A.
M. Near the bridge we were received by a tremendous fire from the enemy's
batteries on St. Mary's Heights, but, fortunately, sustained no loss. Not
so, Frank's New York battery, they having one man killed and several
wounded. One shot took effect in stopping one of their pieces. Without
delay we crossed the Rappahannock. Artillery, cavalry and infantry went
over all the morning. A new regiment crossed the bridge at four o'clock
P. M., their band playing the tune of "Bully for you." All of a sudden the
enemy's batteries opened on the regiment, which run back in bad order,
committing the mistake of running right in the enemy's fire. The troops
are committing depredations all over the town. The stores were completely
ransacked. Most every man had a lot of tobacco. In the evening, the
battery marched around the town, but returned again to our former place,
close to the river. The scenes in the streets were really picturesque.
Soldiers could be seen, sitting on splendid furniture, mixing dough for
flap-jacks. Most of our battery were cooking all night.
_Saturday, December 13._--The battle of Fredericksburg. Firing commenced
about eleven o'clock in the morning. Captain Tompkins left the battery
to-day, being promoted to Major. Making his farewell speech to us, he
introduced our new commander, Captain Arnold, who addressed the company,
also, saying, he understood we were a fighting set, and he would stick to
us to the last. Shortly after that the command, "forward," was given, and
we went to the outskirts of the town. Shell and shot were ploughing
through the streets already. Our battery went in action by sections,
posted at different roads leading to St. Mary's Heights. The battery kept
up a constant fire all the afternoon. Some of the nine months regiments
behaved very badly, leaving the field ingloriously, without orders.
Battery B, Rhode Island, Frank's New York battery, and Kirby's regular
artillery, smooth-bore guns, were ordered out to encourage the infantry,
while Humphrey's division of regular infantry, were in readiness as a
reserve. General Couch wanted our battery to advance to the extreme front;
but, thanks to Colonel Morgan, chief-of-artillery, who objected to that,
it was not done. Lieutenant Jacob Lamb made the most splendid shots during
the day. Owing to our being covered by houses, our loss was small. Henry
Hicks was shot through both heels by a musket ball, making the amputation
of both of his legs necessary. Captain Arnold's horse was shot. After the
action was over, we occupied the surrounding houses, which were found well
stocked with all sort of provisions. Cooking and eating was kept up all
night. The caissons recrossed the river during the night, for a new supply
of ammunition. The night was very cold, and the groans of the wounded on
the field of battle, sounded terrible.
_Sunday, December 14._--Fredericksburg. The rebel batteries opened early,
firing thirty-two pound shells. One shell took effect in the centre
section, tearing off the head of Sergeant Thompson's horse, splintering
the limber-chest, fracturing a heel of Charles Spencer, and wounding an
infantry man. Our pieces were instantly pulled out of sight. Our infantry
fortified during the night past. We expected another assault to be made
to-day; but General Sumner's advice, in the council of war, was against
it. The rebel sharpshooters kept up an incessant fire all day, killing
quite a number of our men that were exposing themselves. The day was
well-spent by the battery in cooking and baking, Jim Harrison and Stacy,
acting as cooks and bottle-washers.
_Monday, December 15._--Fredericksburg. The enemy's artillery and
sharpshooters were firing all day. Our guns were kept out of sight during
the afternoon. Generals Howard, Couch and Sully, inspected our lines, and
said they would send a brigade of infantry to fortify our position. The
men of our battery worked all day, throwing up breastworks behind a fence.
Once in a while the rebel batteries threw a shell at us. The weather has
been beautiful since we occupied the city. While we were sleeping by our
guns, orders came at eleven o'clock in the night, to pack up quietly and
get away as quick as possible, which was executed without the least noise,
every man being anxious to move away, but not without being loaded with
all sorts of provisions. We recrossed the Rappahannock at twelve o'clock
in the night. The whole army followed during the night under cover of the
batteries. We lay down to rest immediately after arriving on the other
side. One gun of the right section was dismounted, one limber and several
wheels disabled.
_Tuesday, December 16._--The rain commenced pouring down in streams since
four o'clock in the morning. A deep gloom spread all over the army in
consequence of our unsuccessful movement. At six o'clock A. M., our
battery returned to the old camp on the hill, which was no small
undertaking, the mud being a foot deep. At dark, Captain Arnold, with a
squad of men, went to the river to obtain the trail of the dismounted gun.
_Wednesday, December 17._--Camp near Falmouth. General Sigel's reserve
corps is camping around Falmouth. Our camp has its usual appearance. It is
cold, and snowing.
_Saturday, December 20._--The troops are building winter-quarters.
_Wednesday, December 24._--Great inspection in camp, by Generals Sumner,
Howard, and Sully, and their staffs. They all expressed their satisfaction
with the appearance of the battery. This was the last visit of the
venerable hero, General Sumner, to our battery.
_Friday, December 26._--The pontoons were sent to Belle Plains.
_Wednesday, December 31._--Quiet in camp.
1863.
_Thursday, January 1._--Camp near Falmouth. The army is very poorly
provisioned.
_Monday, January 5._--A new stable for the battery horses commenced, below
the ravine.
_Tuesday, January 6._--The news of the battle of Murfreesboro arrived.
_Thursday, January 15._--Our camp was partly burned down to-day, through a
fire in the camp of the Thirty-fourth Regiment New York volunteers.
_Friday, January 16._--A severe storm. Rations are to be cooked for three
days. We are kept in uneasiness all the time, about moving.
_Saturday, January 17._--Great review of the army by General Burnside.
_Sunday, January 18._--The coldest day we have had this winter.
_Tuesday, January 20._--The Army of the Potomac commenced another move
to-day. Troops are marching by, towards United States Ford. The weather is
of the poorest kind, raining and snowing.
_Wednesday, January 21._--Our corps is retained in camp yet. Quite a
miracle.
_Thursday, January 22._--A heavy storm.
_Friday, January 23._--Franklin's corps is marching back to the
winter-quarters. The great forward movement is given up. The troops are
returning in disgust. Some of the artillery left their guns sticking in
the mud. Bodies of soldiers were found dead in the woods, having perished
from exposure.
_Saturday, January 24._--Stragglers are coming in yet.
_Monday, January 26._--We were paid off for two months.
_Tuesday, January 27._--Heavy rain.
_Wednesday, January 28._--Severe snow-storm.
_Thursday, January 29._--Generals Burnside, Sumner and Franklin left the
army to-day. Joe Hooker is in command now.
_Sunday, February 1._--Mounted and foot inspection.
_Monday, February 2._--Mounted inspection.
_Tuesday, February 3._--Captain Arnold was thrown from his horse, and left
on furlough.
_Wednesday, February 4._--The battery commences to build chimneys and
fire-places.
_Thursday, February 5._--Received the first soft bread since we left
Harper's Ferry.
_Sunday, February 22._--Heavy snow-storm. Washington's birth-day. Our
battery fired thirty-four guns. Ours and the rebel batteries fired in
honor of the day.
_Saturday, February 28._--Robert Raynor, wounded at the battle of
Antietam, returned from the Baltimore hospital.
_Thursday, March 5._--General Joe Hooker is reviewing the Army of the
Potomac.
_Friday, March 6._--The first battery drill this year.
_Tuesday, March 10._--Snow to-day.
_Thursday, March 12._--A part of the army was kept under arms all night,
the enemy being reported about to make a demonstration in our rear.
_Friday, March 13._--The cavalry is reconnoitering to-day.
_Tuesday, March 17._--St. Patrick's day. Great horse-race at the
headquarters of Generals Meagher and Sickles. During the afternoon,
cannonading was heard in the direction of Stafford Court House. The
long-roll sounded in all the camps, but the troops were not to be
surprised. The demonstration did not amount to much.
_Wednesday, March 18._--The enemy attacked our lines at Rappahannock
Station yesterday.
_Friday, March 20._--Snow-storm.
_Saturday, March 21._--Snow-storm.
_Monday, March 23._--The death of General Sumner was read to the troops
to-day.
_Wednesday, March 25._--The cavalry has crossed the Rappahannock.
_Monday, March 30._--Inspection of our baggage. Three spare wheels were
taken from the battery by general order.
_Tuesday, March 31._--Snow-storm.
_Wednesday, April 1._--At two o'clock in the morning we were aroused by
Colonel Morgan, chief-of-artillery. Order was given to hitch up, and be
ready to move, on account of the rebel cavalry crossing United States
ford. After sunrise the horses were unhitched again and everything was
quiet.
_Friday, April 3._--Review of the Second division by General Gibbons, near
Falmouth.
_Sunday, April 5._--Snow-storm.
_Wednesday, April 8._--President Lincoln and family at Joe Hooker's
headquarters.
_Friday, April 10._--Muster, in the Army of the Potomac.
_Saturday, April 11._--Battery drill in the morning.
_Tuesday, April 14._--The army under marching orders. Eight days' rations
to be kept on hand.
_Saturday, April 18._--Grain is already kept on caissons and limbers, and
one bag on top of the gun.
_Monday, April 20._--Secretary Stanton at the headquarters.
_Wednesday, April 22._--Our battery was paid off for four months service
by Major King.
_Thursday, April 23._--A heavy rain.
_Monday, April 27._--Received orders at eight o'clock P. M., to march in
the morning.
_Tuesday, April 28._--Reveille at two o'clock in the morning. Left camp at
six o'clock A. M. We were attached to the Third division under General
French. The Second remained behind. We marched six miles towards the
Rappahannock; halted at mid-day, and camped in the woods. The pontoon
train passed by in the evening.
_Wednesday, April 29._--Marched again at two o'clock P. M., and went to
camp at dark three miles from the river. Rainy weather.
_Thursday, April 30._--Our cavalry has crossed the Rappahannock without
opposition. The pontoons were laid. Before crossing an address of General
Hooker was read in line, to the effect that the Twelfth and Fifth corps
had turned the enemy's left flank, by crossing the Rapidan at Germania
Ford, compelling the enemy to fight us on our own ground. Our battery
crossed at five o'clock P. M. After marching four miles further towards
Chancellorsville, one hundred and sixty prisoners passed by. The troops
were highly elated at crossing the Rappahannock so easy, as the shore was
strongly fortified, and by nature well-adapted for defence. While marching
to Chancellorsville in the moonlight, Joe Hooker and staff passed by, and
the rumor circulated, all at once, that Fredericksburg was taken, and the
rebel army in full retreat towards Gordonsville.
_Friday, May 1._--The battle opened about ten o'clock A. M., near the
Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg Plank-road. The First and Second
divisions of the Second corps, commanded by General Couch, formed at two
o'clock P. M. Our battery advanced about a mile. Going down a hill we were
suddenly received by one of the enemy's batteries, whereupon we
countermarched to the top of the hill, going in position immediately.
General Sykes' division of regulars fought bravely in front of us, till
they had to fall back on our battery, we kept up firing for some time,
until General Hancock arrived, informing General Couch that his position
was completely outflanked, and that he had better withdraw. The very
minute our pieces were reversed, the command, "fix bayonets," could
plainly be heard from the rebel line of infantry in the woods. We left at
double quick. Our whole line fell back to the tavern. At that moment, the
Third corps, under command of General Daniel Sickles, advanced in line of
battle, doing good service. Our battery retired to our former place of
rendezvous. The fight continued until seven o'clock P. M. Splendid
moonlight night.
_Saturday, May 2._--Battle of Chancellorsville. At four o'clock P. M., the
battle reopened with great fury. General Stonewall Jackson, massing his
forces against our right, completely surprised the Eleventh corps, driving
them in great confusion. The roaring of artillery, and the musketry fire,
were really terrific. After sunset, the fire slackened a little; but at
moonrise, raged again in all its fury, till late in the night. Our
artillery suffered heavily during to-day's battle. Some of it was captured
by the rebels. A new line of battle was formed at eleven o'clock in the
night. The situation of our battery was anything but pleasant. Having long
range guns, and our position being close to the woods, nothing could be
used, with any effect, but canister. Our line of battle is getting
shorter.
_Sunday, May 3._--Battle of Chancellorsville. Our battery was ordered to
fall back to the Rappahannock at daylight. Marching back, the First corps,
commanded by General Reynolds, passed us, going to the front. Arriving at
the brick house, near the river, we found some batteries posted there
already,--Kirby's amongst them. Our line of battle fell back to the
rifle-pits we occupied last night. The enemy holds the plank-road and
tavern. The battle is raging again since six o'clock A. M. About ten
o'clock A. M., Lieutenant Kirby ordered his and our battery to the front
again, on his own responsibility. We marched back, but very unwillingly.
On the way, a division of the Third corps met us, marching back to the
river, with a rebel colonel and half of his regiment, as prisoners, and
carrying four rebel battle-flags as trophies. Arriving at the front, to
our pleasant surprise, we found out that our battery was not wanted at
all. Colonel Morgan appeared to be very angry, as there was no use of any
rifled batteries. Kirby's battery went in action. Lieutenant Kirby was
mortally wounded shortly after arriving in the line of battle. We returned
to the brick house, near the river, sending back our horses and limbers to
carry the guns of the Fifth Maine Battery off the battle-field. This
battery sustained a heavy loss. Their guns were saved by Meagher's Irish
brigade. We heard to-day that General Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth
corps, and the Second division of the Second, carried St. Mary's Heights
by storm, but had to give them up again the next day. Sedgwick is fighting
hard near Banks' Ford, being pressed towards the Rappahannock. Some of our
cavalry and horse artillery have gone to form a junction with him.
Fighting was kept up most of the night. Our battery enjoyed a good night's
rest. The horses were unharnessed.
_Monday, May 4._--General Sedgwick's corps is fighting ever since
daybreak. Little fighting was done near Chancellorsville. The battle is
evidently over. We all know that our army, though superior in numbers, has
been defeated by the rebels. We remained all day and night at the
brick-house, close to the river.
_Tuesday, May 5._--Firing is heard on our left since daybreak. Orders came
for ours, Pettit's, and Thomas' New York batteries, to recross the
Rappahannock forthwith. We crossed at United States Ford, going in
position on the surrounding heights, which enfilade the other side. A
heavy shower in the evening.