#Manuscripts:# i. Bodleian 34, Oxford (B). ii. Royal 17 A 27, British
Museum (R): for descriptions see p. 492. In this life R is abbreviated,
as Einenkel shows; the joints are often visible.
#Edition:# Cockayne, O., Þe Liflade of St. Juliana (parallel texts with
translations). E. E. T. S., O. S. 51.
#Literature:# Backhaus, O., Über die Quelle der mittelenglischen Legende
von der heiligen Juliane und ihr Verhältnis zu Cynewulfs Juliana, Halle,
1899; Einenkel, E., see p. 493; Stodte, H., see p. 493; Stratmann,
F. H., ES iv. 94 (emendations).
#Phonology:# This has been sufficiently described at pp. 493-9: a few
forms call for comment. (1) =in R=. #a#: þeauien 102 has _å_-umlaut.
#æ#: awakenin 55 (#āwacenian#), pal 36, hauene 135, if descended from
#hæfen#, have _a_ for #æ#; _ea_ appears in breas 118, feader 3. #e#:
heolen 43, speoken 59, toteoren 63, weolen 54, seotel 114 have _å_- or
_u_-umlaut of #e#; sutelin 98 descends from #swutol# with _u_-umlaut of
#i# and loss of #w# as in suster; hatterliche 91 is elsewhere in SJ
heatterliche, probably representing _u_-umlaut of *#hator#; comp.
#hatol#, #hetol#; unweommet 28, 120, 133 shows rounding of #e# to [ö]
between labials; bitild 36, OE. #beteldan#, comp. ‘tilden’ 82/110,
‘bitillen,’ L 27852, perhaps owes _i_ for #e# to #tilian#; sulliche 48
comes from #syllic#. #i#: neomen 45 has _å_-umlaut of #i#. #y#: unduhti
18 represents #dyhtig#. #ā#: lechnunge 23 follows #lǣcnian#, the OE.
noun is #lācnung#. #ǣ{1}# is _e_ in lefdi 7, erndunge 8, unmeð 17,
wreððen 78, wreððede 46, and _a_ in wraðði 42 instead of the normal
_ea_; the adverb eisweis 68 (also in SM 13/26, MS. R, but eanies weis,
MS. B) corresponds to #ǣniges weges#. #ǣ{2}# is exceptionally _ea_ in
forreadeð 96, reade 55; leoten 63 is imitative of words with umlaut like
beoren, eoten (Bonner Beiträge, xv. 128). #ea# before #r# + cons. is _a_
in harmen 107; the _i_-umlaut is _e_ in merrið 104, sumchere 21
(#cierr#): the _i_-umlaut of #ea# before #l# + cons. is absent in afal
137, which is in form #āfeallan#, fall, in meaning #āfiellan#, fell; for
healden 118 see 359/7. #eo# before #r# + cons. is _a_ in darc 122,
perhaps the earliest instance of this spelling; the _i_-umlaut is seen
in iȝirnd 34, firsin 86 (but see Bülbring, § 187 anm. on Anglian
#firr#). For ȝeouen see 359/34; #geond# is ȝont 35. #ēa# is _e_ in les
75, but lease 135, _e_ in ȝet 93 descends from #gēt# beside the normal
#gēat#; the adverb #gēara# is ȝare 83. The _i_-umlaut of #ēo# is seen in
derure 90; strupen 91 descends from *#strȳpan#; hei[e]nde 17, as if from
*#hegan#; the Anglian form is #hēan#. #a# + #g#: for dreihen 122, see
360/13. #æ# + #g#: in fehere 104 (#fægerra#) the spirant is retained;
comp. ‘feȝerest,’ L 29485, but feire 53. #e# + #g# final: #tintreg# is
tintreow 98. sy 54, with _y_ written for _i_, represents #sige#; ‘syge’
in L 17409. #ȳ# + #g#: druifot 137, with _ui_ for long u. #ea# + #h#:
waxen 55, iseh 22. #eo# + #h#: mix 96 (Anglian). #ēo# + #g#: lihinde 7.
duheðe 18 represents #duguð#: _e_ is added in fuheles 63, liðeri 92: #m#
is lost in limel 67 (#lim mǣlum#), #f# in leowinde 95 (#lēofwende#); _t_
occurs often for final #d#, after mit for mid or miþ, þin becomes tin
52. For the stop #c#, _ch_ appears to be written in senchtest 137. The
loss of #g# in list 43 is OE. (#līst# for #ligst#). _h_ is added in
selhðe 54; nest 129 is Anglian #nēst#, WS. #nīehst#: es 100 has lost
initial #h#, so im in ichim 85.
(2) =in B=. Many of those noticed in R occur in B also; other forms in B
only are, chearre 166 (#cierran#), see 359/4: neolechin 43 represents a
by-form #nēolǣcan#, while nehlechen R 31 comes from the normal
#nēahlǣcan#: lattow 170 is OE. #lāttēow#. _ch_ in wlech 151 (#wlæc#) is
due to the influence of #wlæce# (Björkman, 148).
#Accidence:# (1) =of R=. were 79 has added e in the nom. cun _s. d._ 11
is exceptionally without inflection, comp. cunne 19. fetles 97 is a
contracted plural; OE. #fǣtels#, _pl._ #fǣtelsas#, occasionally
#fǣtels#. aldrene 14, dahene 117 are weak _pl. gen._ The dual pronoun
occurs in inc _pl. d._ 107. urne 119 is _pt. s. subj._ from #irnan#. The
contracted þrof 59, the prepositions ine 16, bimong 132, for which see
398/97, are characteristic of the group.
(2) =Of B.= burhene 72, folkene 57 are possibly weak _pl._ genitives,
like aldrene, dahene above, but they are more probably adjectives formed
on the analogy of words in -en, like cristen, from nouns. For leoflukest
82, see 125/270.
#Vocabulary:# Scandinavian are bistaðet bisteaðet, crokes, derf,
feolahes, lahe, lufte, liðin, menske; probably ihondsald, lustnin,
truste; possibly ȝeien, hauene, keiser: in R only, baðen, derfliche;
possibly trukeneð: in B only, feolahscipe, ilated, menskin, witere.
French are ciclatun, furneise, leuns liuns, maumez mawmez, misspelt
mawmex 144/97, purpre, rente, seinte: in R only, cumseð (commencer),
serui, tur (MS. reading 140/36), uie: in B only, cendals, eoli.
#Dialect:# See p. 503.
#Introduction:# For style and authorship see pp. 504-6. The author
states, 139/7, that he translated from a Latin source. The Life of S.
Juliana, printed in Acta Sanctorum under Feb. 16th, is pronounced by
Backhaus not to be the immediate source of SJ, because when compared
with it the English shows considerable omissions, additions, and
divergences. Yet SJ stands in about the same relationship to that Latin
text as SK does to what is generally regarded as its original and as
Sawles Warde does to the treatise of Hugh of S. Victor (p. 493). The
author of these pieces is no mere translator, but an adapter who weaves
other matter into his free imitation of his originals. He was apparently
unacquainted with Cynewulf’s Juliana. Grau (Morsbachs Studien, xxxi.
157) shows that the earlier writer also introduces ideas into his poem
which had been used by him in other works.
S. Juliana never attained in England to the popularity of her
associates, S. Katherine and S. Margaret, but there is another life in
rhymed septenaries printed as an appendix to Cockayne’s edition of SJ
from MS. Ashmole, no. 43 (_c._ 1310), and a third in the Scottish
Legendary, ascribed by the editor to Barbour, the source of which is the
Aurea Legenda; it is printed in Barbour’s Legendensammlung, ed.
Horstmann, ii. 190.
The references are to B, unless R is prefixed.