They were deep within the center of Surat, nearing the river,
when suddenly the street opened onto a wide stone-paved plaza. The
first thing Hawksworth saw through the torchlight was a high iron
fence, sentries posted with bucklers and pikes along its perimeter, and
an ornate iron gate. Then, as they neared, he realized the fence was
the outer perimeter of an immense pink sandstone fortress, with high
turrets and a wide, arched entryway. Finally he spotted the water-
filled moat that lay between the fence and the fortress walls. The moat
was spanned by a single wooden bridge, and Hawksworth noted that when
the bridge was drawn inward it neatly sealed the entry of the fortress.
As they approached the iron outer gate, the party of _chaugan _players
began to disperse; after formal and minimal farewells the merchants and
officials turned and disappeared into the night. Soon only Hawksworth
and Mukarrab Khan were left, together with the governor's private
grooms and guards. Hawksworth studied the departing players with
curiosity. What sway does Mukarrab Khan hold over them? Respect? Fear?
Then the iron gate swung wide and their horses clattered across the
wooden drawbridge. Hawksworth looked about and began to understand that
the governor's palace guards were not merely ceremonial. Lining both
sides of the drawbridge were uniformed infantrymen armed with pikes.
Then as they passed under the stone archway leading into the fortress,
Hawksworth turned to see even more armed guards, poised just inside,
pikes in formal salute. And farther back he saw two armored animals,
gigantic, many times larger than the biggest horse, with massive ears
and a snout several feet in length.
That must be what a war elephant looks like. So they really do exist.
But why so many guards? It's virtually a private army.
Then he felt a groom tug the reins of his horse and signal for him to
dismount. They were now inside the palace grounds. Ahead, through an
intricate formal garden, stood the residence of the governor of Surat.
The elaborate carvings of its pink sandstone decoration reflected hard
red in the torchlight.
Mukarrab Khan directed him through a marble entryway,
ornately rounded at the top like the turret of a mosque. They had
entered some form of reception hallway, and Hawksworth noticed that the
marble floor was decorated with a complex geometry of colored stone.
Above his head were galleries of white plasterwork supported by
delicate arches, and along the sides were ornate, curtained recesses.
Hanging oil lamps brilliantly illuminated the glistening walls, while
rows of servants dressed in matching white turbans lined the sides in
welcome.
As they approached the end of the reception hallway, Hawksworth studied
the door ahead. It was massive, and thick enough to withstand any war
machine that could be brought into the hallway, and yet its protective
function was concealed from obvious notice by a decoration of intricate
carvings and a flawless polish. The servants slowly revolved it outward
on its heavy brass hinges and Mukarrab Khan led them into a vast open
courtyard surrounded by a veranda, with columns supporting balconies of
marble filigree. It seemed a vast reception hall set in the open air,
an elegant plaza whose roof was stars, and whose centerpiece was a
canopied pavilion, under which stood a raised couch of juniper wood
lined with red satin--not unlike an English four-poster bed, save the
posts were delicately thin and polished to a burnished ebony. Large
bronze lanterns along the balconies furnished a flickering vision of
the complex interworking of paths, flower beds, and fountains
surrounding the central pavilion.
Waiting on the veranda, just inside the entryway, were six tall
figures, three on either side of the doorway. They were turbaned,
exquisitely robed, and wore conspicuous jewels that gleamed against
their dark skin. As they bowed to the governor, Hawksworth examined
them for a brief moment and then his recognition clicked.
Eunuchs. They must be Mukarrab Khan's private guards, since they can go
anywhere, even the women's apartments.
"Captain Hawksworth, perhaps you should meet my household officials.
They are Bengalis--slaves actually-- whom I bought young and trained
years ago in Agra. One must, regrettably, employ eunuchs to maintain a
household such as this. One's palace women can never be trusted, and
one's intriguing wives least of all. I named them in the Arab fashion,
after their position in the palace, so I need not trouble to remember
their names, merely what they do. This is Nahir, who is in charge of my
accounts." He gestured toward a pudgy face now glaring out from beneath
a deep blue headdress, a tall conical turban tied in place with a wrap
of white silk that circled his bloated throat. The eunuch's open jacket
was a heavy brocade and it heaved as he breathed, betraying the sagging
fat around his nipples.
"The one next to him selects my wardrobe." The second eunuch gazed at
Hawksworth impassively, his puffed, indulgent lips red with betel
juice. "That one selects the clothes for my spendthrift women, and the
one on his left is responsible for all their jewels. The one over there
takes care of the household linens and oversees the servants. And the
one behind him is in charge of the kitchen. You will be asked to endure
his handiwork tonight."
The eunuchs examined Hawksworth's ragged appearance with transparent
contempt, and they seemed to melt around him as he walked through the
doorway--two ahead, two behind, and one on either side. None spoke a
greeting. Hawksworth examined them carefully, wondering which was in
charge of the women's apartments. That's the most powerful position, he
smiled to himself, nothing else really counts.
A servant came down the veranda bearing a tray and brought it directly
to the governor. Then he kneeled and offered it. It was of beaten
silver and on it were two large crystal goblets of a pastel green
liquid.
"Captain, would you care to refresh yourself with a glass of _tundhi_.
It's the traditional way we break the fast of Ramadan." He directed the
servant toward Hawksworth. "It's prepared in the women's apartments
during the day, as an excuse for something to do."
Hawksworth touched the drink lightly with his tongue. It was a mixture
of sweet and tang quite unlike anything he had ever known. Perhaps the
closest was a brisk mug of spiced
ale, pungent with clove and cinnamon. But this spiced drink was
mysteriously subtle. Puzzling, he turned to Mukarrab Khan.
"What is this? It tastes like the air in a garden."
"This? I've never paid any notice, although the women down it by the
basinful after sunset." As he received his own goblet he turned to one
of the eunuchs. "Nahir, how do the women prepare _tundhi_?"
"With seeds, Khan Sahib. Seeds of melons, cucumber, lettuce, and
coriander are pounded, and then blended with rosewater, pomegranate
essence, and juice of the aloe flower. But the secret is to strain it
properly, and I find I must carefully oversee the work."
"Doubtless." Mukarrab Khan's voice was curt. "I suspect you should
attend the accounts more and the women's apartments less." He turned to
another eunuch.
"Is my bath ready?"
"As always, Khan Sahib." As the eunuch bowed he examined Hawksworth's
dust-covered face and hair discreetly. "Will the distinguished
_feringhi _also require a bath?"
"He was on the _chaugan _field this afternoon, just as I was."
Hawksworth groaned inwardly. What English host would have the
effrontery to suggest a guest needed a bath? For that matter, what
Englishman would even consider bathing more than twice a year? It's
known well enough King James never bathes, that he never even washes
his hands, only brushes them with a moist napkin at mealtime. Yet this
Moor wants a full bath before a meal, merely to remove a bit of dust.
"I would be content to rinse my hands."
Mukarrab Khan examined him for a moment and then broke into a wide
smile. "I always forget _feringhi _are positively afraid of water." He
spoke quickly to one of the eunuchs, who turned and barked orders to
the servants in a language Hawksworth did not understand.
"The servants will provide whatever you require." Mukarrab Khan bowed
perfunctorily to Hawksworth and disappeared through one of the arched
doorways leading off the courtyard, followed by the eunuchs. Then
Hawksworth turned to see a dark-skinned man bearing a large silver
basin down the veranda. Behind him a second man carried a red velvet
cushion, shaped like a long cylinder, and placed it on a stool next to
the canopied pavilion, gesturing for Hawksworth to sit.
As Hawksworth seated himself and turned toward the basin the servant
held waiting, he caught the fresh aroma of a full bouquet, as though
the fragrances of some tropic Eden had been distilled into the water.
He looked down to see flower petals floating on its shimmering, oil-
covered surface. How curious, he thought. English countrywomen
sometimes distill toilet water from the flowers in their gardens, but
never in such quantities'that it can be used merely to wash hands. And
while English toilet waters are cloying and sweet, violets and
gilliflowers, this aroma is light and delicate.
War elephants and perfumed waters, in the same palace. It's incredible.
He gingerly splashed his hands, and looked up to find a steaming towel
being proffered. He sponged away the remaining mud of the playing field
and watched as one by one the servants began to melt into the darkened
recesses of the marble galleries. The last was an old withered
gamekeeper, who wandered through the garden berating a sullen peacock
toward its roost. And then the courtyard fell austerely quiet.
Illuminated now only by lanterns and pale moonlight, it became a
fairyland almost outside of time. He smiled as he thought of where he
had been only the previous night--fending off an attack by Portuguese
infantry. And now, this.
His thoughts began to drift randomly, to float in and among the marble
latticework of the veranda. And he thought once more of Roger Symmes
and his bizarre stories of India.
He was right. It's a heaven on earth. But with an undertow of violence
just beneath the serene, polished surface. All this beauty, and yet
it's guarded with war elephants and a moat. It's a world that's . . .
artificial. It's carved of marble and jewels, and then locked away. Now
I'm beginning to understand why he found it so enticing. And
frightening. God, for a brandy. Now.
"Khan Sahib awaits you." Hawksworth looked up to see the eunuch
standing directly in front of him, freshly attired in a long robe of
patterned silk. As he rose, startled from his reveries, a pudgy hand
shot out and seized his arm.
"Your sword is not permitted in the banquet room."
Hawksworth froze. Then he remembered the knife strapped inside the top
of his boot and the thought gave him comfort.
He unbuckled his sword slowly, deliberately, pausing to meet the
eunuch's defiant stare as he passed it over.
The eunuch seemed to ignore Hawksworth's look as he continued.
"You will also remove your boots. It is against custom to wear them in
the banquet room."
Hawksworth moved to protest, then sadly concluded there would be no
point. Of course the room would be filled with carpets. And that must
be the reason everyone I've seen here wears open shoes with the backs
folded down: they're constantly being removed at doorways.
He bent over and unbuckled his boots. The eunuch stiffened momentarily
when he saw the glint of the knife handle in the lamplight, but he said
nothing, merely swept up the boots with his other hand.
As they walked slowly down the marble hallway toward the bronzed door
of the banquet room, Hawksworth tried to rehearse what he would say to
Mukarrab Khan.
He has to petition the court in Agra to grant safe conduct for the
trip. He just has to send one letter. How can he possibly refuse?
Remember, you're an ambassador. . . .
The eunuch shoved wide the bronzed door, and Hawksworth was astonished
by what he saw.
The governor of Surat lounged against a purple velvet bolster at the
far end of a long room whose walls were a cool expanse of flawless
white and whose marble floor was softened with an enormous carpet in
the thick Persian style. His skin glistened with light oil, and he had
donned a fresh turban, patterned in brown and white, tied in intricate
swirls, and bound with a strand of dark jewels. A single large pearl
hung over his forehead, and two tassels, each also suspending a pearl,
brushed his shoulders. He wore a tight-fitting patterned shirt in pale
brown, and over this a heavy green vest lined in white satin and
embroidered in gold. It was bound with a woven cinch decorated with
brocade. Around his neck were two strings of pearls, the shorter
suspending a large ruby from its center. He had put on heavy bracelets,
and intricate rings circled the first and fourth fingers of both hands.
Hawksworth also noticed for the first time that he wore earrings, each
a tiny green emerald.
The eunuchs stood behind him, and around the sides of the room servants
and slaves stood waiting. Along a back wall two men sat silently
poised, one behind a pair of small drums and the other holding an
ornate stringed instrument, its polished body glistening in the light.
The only women in the room mingled among the servers.
"Captain Hawksworth, our fare tonight will be simple and unworthy, but
please honor my table by your indulgence." Mukarrab Khan smiled warmly
and motioned Hawksworth to enter. "At least we can talk freely."
"Is this an official meeting?" Hawksworth did not move, but stood as
officiously as he could muster.
"If you wish. Our meeting can be considered formal, even if we are
not."
"Then as ambassador of His Majesty, King James of England, I must
insist that you rise to receive me." Hawksworth tried to suppress the
feeling that he looked vaguely foolish as a barefoot ambassador. But no
one else in the room wore shoes either. "A governor is still his king's
subject. I represent my king's person."
"I was not informed you were an ambassador." Mukarrab Khan's face
sobered noticeably, but he did not move. "You are Captain-General of
two merchant vessels."
"I'm here in the name of the king of England, with authority to speak
for him in all matters regarding trade." Hawksworth recalled the effect
this had had on the Shahbandar. "I'm entrusted with his personal letter
to the Moghul."
Mukarrab Khan examined Hawksworth for a long moment, seeming to collect
and assemble a number of thoughts.
"Your request would be proper for an ambassador. Let us say I comply in
the interest of mutual good will." He rose and bowed formally, if only
sightly, more a nod. "The governor of Surat welcomes you, a
representative of the English king."
"And I convey my king's acknowledgement of your welcome." Hawksworth
entered and seated himself facing Mukarrab Khan, against a large velvet
bolster already positioned for him.
"And what is this letter your English king sends to His Majesty?"
Mukarrab Khan reclined back on his own bolster and arched his
fingertips together.
"That is a concern between King James and the Moghul." Hawksworth
caught the quickly suppressed flash of anger in Mukarrab Khan's eyes.
"I only ask that you petition the court in Agra for permission to
travel there. It would also be helpful if you would order the
Shahbandar to allow our merchants to trade their goods at the port of
Surat."
"Yes, I understand you had the pleasure of meeting our Shahbandar. I
regret deeply having to tell you I have virtually no influence over
that notorious man. He was appointed by the Moghul's son, Prince Jadar,
who is in charge of administering this province. He acts very much as
he pleases."
Lie number one, Hawksworth thought: you forced him to order my transfer
here.
"Surely you're aware," Mukarrab Khan continued evenly, "that no other
Europeans besides the Portuguese have ever before landed cargo on the
shores of India. Arabs, Persians, even Turks are a common sight, but no
other Europeans. Not even your Dutch, who, I'm told, consort with some
of our southeastern neighbors. In fact, the Moghul's trade agreement
with the Portuguese is intended to exclude all other Europeans."
Mukarrab Khan stirred on his bolster and signaled one of the eunuchs to
prepare the carpet for dining. "Although frankly he has little choice,
since they control the seas. In fact, it might be said that they allow
our merchants to trade. Indian cargo vessels must all acquire a license
from Portuguese officials in Goa before leaving port."
"The Portugals control India's trade because you've allowed them to.
Your territorial waters belong to India, or should."
Mukarrab Khan seemed to ignore Hawksworth as he watched the servants
spread a large covering of tooled leather across the carpet in front of
them. After a moment his concentration reappeared, and he turned
abruptly.
"Ambassador Hawksworth, we do not need to be advised by you how India
should manage her own affairs. But perhaps I will advise you that His
Excellency, the Portuguese Viceroy, has already sent notice by
messenger that he intends to lodge charges of piracy against your two
ships. He has requested that they be confiscated and that you, your
merchants, and your crews be transferred to Goa for trial."
Hawksworth's heart stopped and he examined Mukarrab Khan in dismay. So
the _chaugan _match had merely been an excuse to take him into
confinement. After a moment he stiffened and drew himself erect. "And I
say the Portugals were the ones acting as pirates. Their attack on our
English merchantmen was in violation of the treaty of peace that now
exists between England and Spain, and by extension to the craven
Portugals, who are now nothing more than a vassal of the Spanish king."
"Yes, I've heard rumors of this treaty. We in India are not entirely
ignorant of Europe. But His Excellency denies there's any such treaty
extending to our shores. As I recall he characterized England as an
island of stinking fishermen, who should remain content to fish their
own sea."
"The treaty between England and Spain exists." Hawksworth decided to
ignore the insult. "We have exchanged ambassadors and it is honored by
both our kings. It ended almost two decades of war."
"I will grant you such a treaty may indeed exist. Whether it applies
here I do not know. Nor, frankly, do I particularly care. What I do
know, English ambassador, is that you are very far from the law courts
of Europe. The Portuguese still control the seas off India, as they
have done for a hundred years. And unenforceable treaties have little
bearing on the rule of might."
"We showed you the 'might' of the Portugals yesterday."
Mukarrab Khan laughed heartily, and when he glanced toward his eunuchs,
they returned obsequious grins. "You are truly more naive than I ever
imagined, English Captain Hawksworth. What effect can one small
engagement have on the fleet of warships at Goa? If you want protection
at sea, you will have to provide it yourself. Is that what your king
hopes to gain from the Moghul, or from me?"
"I told you I have only two requests. One is your message to Agra
requesting permission for my journey. The other is your approval to
trade the cargo we've brought."
"Yes, so you have said. Unfortunately, what you ask may not be all that
easy to grant. Your unhappy engagement with the Portuguese Viceroy's
fleet has made my situation more than a trifle awkward." He leaned back
and spoke rapidly in Persian to the eunuchs standing behind him. Then
he turned back to Hawksworth. "But as one of our Agra poets, a Sufi
rascal named Samad, once penned, The thread of life is all too short;
the soul tastes wine and passes on.' Before we explore these tiresome
concerns further, let us taste some wine."
The eunuchs were already dictating orders to the servants. A silver
chalice of fresh fruit appeared beside Hawksworth, brimming with
mangoes, oranges larger than he had ever before seen, slices of melon,
and other unknown fruits of varied colors. A similar bowl was placed
beside Mukarrab Khan, who seemed to ignore it. Then as Hawksworth
watched, the servants began spreading a white linen cloth over the red
leather coverlet that had been placed on the carpet in front of them.
"A host is expected, Ambassador, to apologize for the meal he offers. I
will take the occasion to do that now." Mukarrab Khan flashed a
sprightly smile. "But perhaps after your months at sea, you will be
lenient. For my own part, I have fasted today, and there's an Arab
proverb that hunger is the best spice. Still, I prefer leisurely
gratification. I concur with our Hindu sensualists that pleasure
prolonged is pleasure enhanced. All pleasure. Perhaps this evening you
will see their wisdom."
Before Hawksworth could respond, two heavy doors at the back of the
room slowly opened, glinting the lamplight off their elaborate filigree
of gold and bronze, and the first trays appeared, covered with silver
lids and borne by young men from the kitchen. Uniformed servants
preceded them into the room. One by one the trays were passed to the
eunuchs, who removed their lids and carefully inspected the contents of
each dish. After a brief consultation, the eunuchs ordered several of
the dishes returned to the kitchen.
Hawksworth suddenly realized he was ravenous, and he watched the
departing dishes in dismay. Did they somehow fail the eunuchs' exacting
standards? Sweet Jesus, who cares? It all looks delicious.
After final approval by the eunuchs, the silver serving bowls were
passed to servants waiting along the sides of the room, who in turn
arrayed them across the linen cloth between Hawksworth and Mukarrab
Khan. A chief server then knelt behind the dishes, while several stacks
of porcelain plates were placed next to him. Hawksworth tried to count
the silver serving bowls, but stopped after twenty.
One by one the server ceremoniously removed the silver lids from the
bowls. Beneath them the contents of the dishes had been arrayed in the
colors of a rainbow. On beds of rice that ranged from white to saffron
to green, and even purple, was an overwhelming array of meats, fish,
and birds of all sizes. There were carved baked fruits; tiny balls of
meat flaked with spice and coconut; fried vegetables surrounded by
silver cups of a pastel green sauce; large flat fish encased in dark
baking shells flecked with red and green spices; and a virtual aviary
of wild fowl, from small game birds to plump pea hens.
The server dished hearty helpings from each bowl onto separate
porcelain plates, together with mounds of almond rice and jellied
fruits. As he started to pass the first plate to Hawksworth, Mukarrab
Khan roughly arrested his hand. "This ill-bred kitchen _wallah_ will
serve in the stables after tonight." He seized the serving spoons and,
with a flourish of traditional Moghul etiquette, personally laded extra
portions from each of the dishes onto Hawksworth's plates. The server
beamed a knowing smile.
Hawksworth stared at the food for a moment, dazzled, and then he
gingerly sampled a meatball. The taste was delicious, yet hardy, and he
caught the musky flavor of lamb, lightened and transmuted by a bouquet
of spice. He next pulled away the side of a fish and wolfed it, before
realizing the red and green flecks on its surface were some incendiary
garnish. He surveyed the room in agony, praying for a mug of ale, till
an alert eunuch signaled a servant to pass a dish of yogurt. To his
amazement, the tangy, ice cold liquid seemed to instantly dissolve the
fire on his tongue.
He plunged back into the dishes. He had never eaten like this before,
even in England. He suddenly recalled with a smile an episode six
months into the voyage. After Zanzibar, when he had become so weary of
stale salt pork and biscuit he thought he could not bear to see it
again, he had locked the door of the Great Cabin and composed a full
English banquet in his mind--roast capon, next a pigeon pie larded in
bacon fat, then a dripping red side of roast mutton, followed by
oysters on the shell spiced with grilled eel, and finally a thick goose
pudding on honeyed ham. And to wash it down, a bottle of sack to begin
and a sweet muscadel, mulled even sweeter with sugar, to end. But this!
No luscious pork fat, and not nearly cloying enough for a true
Englishman. Yet it worked poetry. Symmes was right. This was heaven.
With both hands he ripped the leg off a huge bird that had been basted
to a glistening red and, to the visible horror of the server, dipped it
directly into one of the silver bowls of saffron sauce meant for pigeon
eggs. Hawksworth looked up in time to catch the server's look.
Does he think I don't like the food?
To demonstrate appreciation, he hoisted a goblet of wine to toast the
server, while he stretched for a piece of lamb with his other hand. But
instead of acknowledging the compliment, the server went pale.
"It's customary, Ambassador, to use only one's right hand when eating."
Mukarrab Khan forced a polite smile. "The left is normally reserved for
. . . attending to other functions."
Hawksworth then noticed how Mukarrab Khan was dining. He, too, ate with
his fingers, just as you would in England, but somehow he managed to
lift his food gracefully with balls of rice, the sauce never soiling
his fingertips.
A breeze lightly touched Hawksworth's cheek, and he turned to see a
servant standing behind him, banishing the occasional fly with a large
whisk fashioned from stiff horsehair attached to a long stick. Another
servant stood opposite, politely but unnecessarily cooling him with a
large fan made of red leather stretched over a frame.
"As I said, Ambassador, your requests present a number of
difficulties." Mukarrab Khan looked up and took a goblet of fruit
nectar from a waiting servant. "You ask certain things from me, things
not entirely in my power to grant, while there are others who make
entirely different requests."
"You mean the Portugals."
"Yes, the Portuguese Viceroy, who maintains you have acted illegally,
in violation of his law and ours, and should be brought to account."
"And I accuse them of acting illegally. As I told you, there's been a
Spanish ambassador in London ever since the war ended, and when we
return I assure you the East India Company will . . ."
"This is India, Captain Hawksworth, not London. Please understand I
must consider Portuguese demands. But we are pragmatic. I urge you to
tell me a bit more about your king's intentions. Your king's letter.
Surely you must know what it contains."
Mukarrab Khan paused to dip a fried mango into a shimmering orange
sauce, asking himself what he should do. He had, of course, posted
pigeons to Agra at sunrise, but he suspected already what the reply
would be. He had received a full account of the battle, and the attack
on the river, before the early, pre-sun Ramadan meal. And it was only
shortly afterward that Father Manoel Pinheiro had appeared, frantic and
bathed in sweat. Was it a sign of Portuguese contempt, he often
wondered, that they would assign such an incompetent to India?
Throughout their entire Society of Jesus, could there possibly be any
priest more ill-bred? The Jesuit had repeated facts already known
throughout the palace, and Mukarrab Khan had listened politely, masking
his amusement. How often did a smug Portuguese find himself explaining
a naval disaster? Four Portuguese warships, galleons with two gundecks,
humiliated by two small English frigates. How, Mukarrab Khan had
wondered aloud, could this have happened?
"There were reasons, Excellency. We have learned the English captain
fired langrel into our infantry, shredded metal, a most flagrant
violation of the unwritten ethics of warfare."
"Are there really supposed to be ethics in warfare? Then I suppose you
should have sent only two of your warships against him. Instead you
sent four, and still he prevailed. Today he has no need for excuses.
And tell me again what happened when your infantry assaulted the
English traders on the river?" Mukarrab Khan had monitored the Jesuit's
eyes in secret glee, watching him mentally writhe in humiliation. "Am I
to understand you could not even capture a pinnace?"
"No one knows, Excellency. The men sent apparently disappeared without
a trace. Perhaps the English had set a trap." Father Pinheiro had
swabbed his greasy brow with the sleeve of his cassock. His dark eyes
showed none of the haughty disdain he usually brought to their
meetings. "I would ask you not to speak of it outside the palace. It
was, after all, a special mission."
"You would prefer the court in Agra not know?"
"There is no reason to trouble the Moghul, Excellency." The Jesuit
paused carefully. "Or Her Majesty, the queen. This really concerns the
Viceroy alone." The Jesuit's Persian was grammatically flawless, if
heavily accented, and he awkwardly tried to leaven it with the polite
complexities he had been taught in Goa. "Still less is there any need
for Prince Jadar to know."
"As you wish." Mukarrab Khan had nodded gravely, knowing the news had
already reached half of India, and most certainly Prince Jadar. "How,
then, may I assist?"
"The English pirate and his merchants must be delayed here at least
four weeks. Until the fleet of galleons now unlading in Goa, those of
the spring voyage just arrived from Lisbon, can be outfitted to meet
him."
"But surely he and his merchants will sail when they choose. And sooner
if we deny them trade. Do you suggest that I approve this trade?"
"You must act as you see fit, Excellency. You know the Viceroy has
always been of service to Queen Janahara." Pinheiro had paused slyly.
"Just as you have been."
The cynicism of Pinheiro's flaunting his knowledge had galled Mukarrab
Khan most of all. If this Jesuit knew, who else must know? That the
governor of Surat was bound inescapably to the queen. That on any
matter involving Portuguese trade he must always send a formal message
to the Moghul and a secret one to the queen, and then wait while she
dictated the ruling Arangbar would give. Did this Jesuit know also why
Mukarrab Khan had been exiled from Agra? To the wilderness of
provincial Surat? That it was on orders of the queen, to marry and take
with him a woman becoming dangerous, the _zenana _favorite of the
Moghul, before the woman's influence outweighed that even of Janahara.
And now this female viper was in his palace forever, could not be
removed or divorced, because she was still a favorite of the Moghul's.
"So you tell me I must make them rich before you can destroy them. That
seems to be Christian wisdom at its most incisive." Mukarrab Khan had
summoned a tray of rolled betel leaves, signifying that the interview
was ended. "It is always a pleasure to see you, Father. You will have
my reply when Allah wills."
The Jesuit had departed as awkwardly as he had come, and it was then
that Mukarrab Khan decided to meet the Englishman for himself. While
there was still time. How long, he wondered, before the Shahbandar
realized the obvious? And the prince?"
In the banquet room the air was now dense with the aroma of spice.
Hawksworth realized he had so gorged he could scarcely breathe. And he
was having increasing difficulty deflecting Mukarrab Khan's probing
questions. The governor was skillfully angling for information he
properly did not need, and he did not seem a man given to aimless
curiosity.
"What do you mean when you ask about the 'intentions' of England?"
"If the Moghul should approve a trade agreement with your East India
Company, what volume of goods would you bring through our port here in
Surat?" Mukarrab Khan smiled disarmingly. "Is the Company's fleet
extensive?"
"That's a matter better addressed to the merchants of the Company."
Hawksworth monitored Mukarrab Khan's expression, searching for a clue
to his thoughts. "Right now the Company merely wishes to trade the
goods in our two merchantmen. English wool for Indian cotton."
"Yes, I am aware that was the first of your two requests." Mukarrab
Khan motioned away the silver trays. "Incidentally, I hope you are fond
of lamb."
The bronzed doors opened again and a single large tray was borne in by
the dark-skinned, unsmiling servants. It supported a huge cooking
vessel, still steaming from the oven. The lid was decorated with
lifelike silver castings of various birds and animals. After two
eunuchs examined it, the servants delivered it to the center of the
linen serving cloth.
"Tonight to signify the end of Ramadan I instructed my cooks to prepare
my special biryani. I hope you will not be disappointed. My kitchen
here is scandalous by Agra standards, but I've succeeded in teaching
them a few things."
The lid was lifted from the pot and a bouquet of saffron burst over the
room. Inside, covering a flawless white crust, was a second menagerie
of birds and animals, wrought from silver the thinness of paper. The
server spooned impossible portions from the pot onto silver plates, one
for Hawksworth and one for Mukarrab Khan. The silver-foil menagerie was
distributed around the sides of each plate.
"Actually I once bribed a cook in the Moghul's own kitchen to give me
this recipe. You will taste nothing like it here in Surat."
Hawksworth watched as he assembled a ball of the rice-and-meat melange
with his fingers and reverently popped it into his mouth.
"Please try it, Ambassador. I think you'll find it remarkable. It
requires the preparation of two sauces, and seems to occupy half my
incompetent kitchen staff." The governor smiled appreciatively.
Hawksworth watched dumbfounded as he next chewed up and swallowed one
of the silver-foil animals.
Hawksworth tried to construct a ball of the mixture but finally
despaired and simply scooped up a handful. It was rich but light, and
seemed to hint of every spice in the Indies.
"There are times," Mukarrab Khan continued, "when I positively yearn
for the so-called deprivation of Ramadan. When the appetite is whetted
day long, the nightly indulgence is all the more gratifying."
Hawksworth took another mouthful of the savory mixture. After the many
long months of salt meat and biscuit, he found his taste confused and
overwhelmed by its complexity. Its spices were all assertive, yet he
could not specifically identify a single one. They had been blended, it
seemed, to enhance one another, to create a pattern from many parts,
much as the marble inlays of the floor, in which there were many
colors, yet the overall effect was that of a single design, not its
components.
"I've never tasted anything quite like this, even in the Levant. Could
you prepare instructions for our ship's cook?"
"It would be my pleasure, Ambassador, but I doubt very much a
_feringhi_ cook could reproduce this dish. It's far too complex. First
my kitchen prepares a masala, a blend of nuts and spices such as
almonds, turmeric, and ginger. The bits of lamb are cooked in this and
in ghee, which we make by boiling and clarifying butter. Next a second
sauce is prepared, this a lighter mixture--curds seasoned with mint,
clove, and many other spices I'm sure you know nothing of. This is
blended with the lamb, and then layered in the pot you see there
together with rice cooked in milk and saffron. Finally it's covered
with a crust of wheat flour and baked in a special clay oven. Is this
really something a ship's cook could do?"
Hawksworth smiled resignedly and took another mouthful.
Whoever thought there could be so many uses for spice. We use spice in
England, to be sure--clove, cinnamon, pepper, even ginger and cardamom--
but they're intended mainly to disguise the taste of meat past its
prime. But here spices are essential ingredients.
"Let us return to your requests, Captain Hawksworth. I'm afraid neither
of these is entirely within my power to bestow. In the matter of
trading privileges for your cargo, I'll see what can be done. Yours is
an unusual request, in the sense that no Europeans have ever come here
to war with the Portuguese, then asked to compete with them in trade."
"It seems simple enough. We merely exchange our goods for some of the
cotton cloth I saw arriving at the customs house this morning. The
Shahbandar stated you have the power to authorize this trade."
"Yes, I enjoy some modest influence. And I really don't expect that
Prince Jadar would object."
"He's the Moghul's son?"
"Correct. He has full authority over this province, but he's frequently
on campaign and difficult to reach. His other duties include
responsibility for military conscription here, and maintaining order.
These are somewhat uneasy times, especially in the Deccan, southeast of
here."
"When will we learn your decision, or his decision? There are other
markets for our goods."
"You will learn his decision when it is decided." Mukarrab Khan shoved
aside his plate and a servant whisked it from the carpet. "Concerning
your second request, that I petition Agra to authorize your travel
there, I will see what can be done. But it will require time."
"I would ask the request be sent immediately."
"Naturally." Mukarrab Khan watched absently as more brimming trays were
brought in, these piled with candied
fruits and sweetmeats. A hookah water pipe appeared and was placed
beside Hawksworth.
"Do you enjoy the new _feringhi _custom of smoking tobacco, Captain
Hawksworth? It was introduced recently, and already it's become
fashionable. So much so the Moghul just issued a decree denouncing it."
"King James has denounced it too, claiming it destroys health. But it's
also the fashion in London. Personally, I think it ruins the taste of
brandy, and wine."
"Overall I'm inclined to agree. But tell me now, what's your opinion of
the wine you're drinking? It's Persian."
"Better than the French. Though frankly it could be sweeter."
Mukarrab Khan laughed. "A common complaint from _topiwallahs_. Some
actually add sugar to our wine. Abominable." He paused. "So I gather
then you only use spirits?"
"What do you mean?"
"There are many subtle pleasures in the world, Ambassador. Liquors
admittedly enhance one's dining, but they do little for one's
appreciation of art."
As Hawksworth watched him, puzzling, he turned and spoke quietly to one
of the eunuchs hovering behind him. Moments later a small golden
cabinet, encrusted with jewels, was placed between them. Mukarrab Khan
opened a tiny drawer on the side of the box and extraced a small brown
ball.
"May I suggest a ball of _ghola_? He offered it to Hawksworth. It
carried a strange, alien fragrance.
"What's _ghola_?"
"A preparation of opium and spice, Ambassador. I think it might help
you better experience this evening's entertainment." He nodded lightly
in the direction of the rear wall.
The snap of a drum exploded behind Hawksworth, and he whirled to see
the two musicians begin tuning to perform. The drummer sat before two
foot-high drums, each nestled in a circular roll of fabric. Next to him
was a wizened old man in a black Muslim skullcap tuning a large six-
stringed instrument made of two hollowed-out gourds, both lacquered and
polished, connected by a long teakwood fingerboard. About a dozen
curved brass frets were tied to the fingerboard with silk cords, and as
Hawksworth watched, the player began shifting the location of two
frets, sliding them an inch or so along the neck to create a new
musical scale. Then he began adjusting the tension on a row of fine
wires that lay directly against the teakwood fingerboard, sympathetic
strings that passed beneath those to be plucked. These he seemed to be
tuning to match the notes in the new scale he had created by moving the
frets.
When the sitarist had completed his tuning, he settled back and the
room fell totally silent. He paused a moment, as though in meditation,
then struck the first note of a somber melody Hawksworth at first found
almost totally rootless. Using a wire plectrum attached to his right
forefinger, he seemed to be waving sounds from the air above the
fingerboard. A note would shimmer into existence from some undefined
starting point, then glide through the scale via a subtle arabesque as
he stretched the playing string diagonally against a fret, manipulating
its tension. Finally the sound would dissolve meltingly into its own
silence. Each note of the alien melody, if melody it could be called,
was first lovingly explored for its own character, approached from both
above and below as though a glistening prize on display. Only after the
note was suitably embroidered was it allowed to enter the melody--as
though the song were a necklace that had to be strung one pearl at a
time, and only after each pearl had been carefully polished. The
tension of some vague melodic quest began to grow, with no hint of a
resolution. In the emotional intensity of his haunting search, the
passage of time had suddenly ceased to exist.
Finally, as though satisifed with his chosen scale, he returned to the
very first note he had started from and actually began a song, deftly
tying together the musical strands he had so painstakingly evolved. The
sought-for resolution had never come, only the sense that the first
note was the one he had been looking for the entire time.
This must be the mystical music Symmes spoke of, Hawksworth thought,
and he was right. It's unlike anything I've ever heard. Where's the
harmony, the chords of thirds and fifths? Whatever's going on, I don't
think opium is going to help me understand it.
Hawksworth turned, still puzzling, back to Mukarrab Khan and waved away
the brown ball--which the governor immediately washed down himself with
fruit nectar.
"Is our music a bit difficult for you to grasp, Ambassador?" Mukarrab
Khan leaned back on his bolster with an easy smile. "Pity, for there's
truly little else in this backwater port worth the bother. The cuisine
is abominable, the classical dancers despicable. In desperation I've
even had to train my own musicians, although I did manage to steal one
Ustad, a grand master, away from Agra." He impulsively reached for the
water pipe and absorbed a deep draw, his eyes misting.
"I confess I do find it hard to follow." Hawksworth took a draft of
wine from the fresh cup that had been placed beside him on the carpet.
"It demands a connoisseur's taste, Ambassador, not unlike an
appreciation of fine wine."
The room grew ominously still for a moment, and then the drums suddenly
exploded in a torrent of rhythm, wild and exciting yet unmistakably
disciplined by some rigorous underlying structure. The rhythm soared in
a cycle, returning again and again, after each elaborate interlocking
of time and its divisions, back to a forceful crescendo.
Hawksworth watched Mukarrab Khan in fascination as he leaned back and
closed his eyes in wistful anticipation. And at that moment the
instrumentalist began a lightning-fast ascent of the scale, quavering
each note in erotic suggestiveness for the fraction of a second it was
fingered. The governor seemed absorbed in some intuitive communication
with the sound, a reaction to music Hawksworth had never before
witnessed. His entire body would perceptibly tense as the drummer began
a cycle, then it would pulse and relax the instant the cycle thudded to
a resolution. Hawksworth was struck by the sensuality inherent in the
music, the almost sexual sense of tension and release.
Then he noticed two eunuchs leading a young boy into the room. The
youth appeared to be hovering at the age of puberty, with still no
trace of a beard. He wore a small but elaborately tied pastel turban,
pearl earrings, and a large sapphire on a chain around his pale throat.
His elaborate ensemble included a transparent blouse through which his
delicate skin glistened in the lamplight, a long quilted sash at his
waist, and tight-fitting trousers beneath light gauze pajamas that
clung to his thighs as he moved. His lips were lightly red, and his
perfume a mixture of flowers and musk. The boy reached for a ball of
spiced opium and settled back against a quilted gold bolster next to
Mukarrab Khan. The governor studied him momentarily and then returned
to the music. And his thoughts.
He reflected again on Abul Hasan's blundering "accident" on the
_chaugan_ field, and what it must signify. If it were true the _qazi_
had been bought by the Shahbandar, as some whispered, then it meant
Mirza Nuruddin must be alarmed to the point of imprudence. Fearful of
what could happen if the English were detained long enough for the
Portuguese warships to prepare. Which meant that somewhere behind it
all lay the hand of Prince Jadar.
He examined Hawksworth again, wondering how this English captain could
have savaged the Viceroy's fleet with such embarrassing ease. What, he
asked himself again, will the queen order done?
"I'm sorry you don't find our music more congenial. Ambassador. Perhaps
I too would be wiser if I loved it less. The passion for classical
music has cost many a great warrior his kingdom in India over the last
centuries. For example, when the great Moghul patriarch Akman conquered
Baz Bahadur, once the proud ruler of Malwa, it was because that prince
was a better patron of music than of the arts of war." He smiled
reflectively. "Admittedly, the great Akman himself also flooded his
court with musicians, but then he had the wit to study arms as well.
Regrettably, I find myself lacking his strength of character."
He paused to take a sip of nectar, then shrugged. "But enough. Tell me
now what you really think of my Ustad, my master sitarist. There are
those in Agra who will never forgive me for stealing him away."
"I'm not sure what I think. I've never heard a composition quite like
the one he's playing."
"What do you mean by 'composition'?" Mukarrab Khan's tone was puzzled.
"That's how a piece of music is written out."
Mukarrab Khan paused and examined him skeptically for a long moment.
"Written out? You write down your music? But whatever for? Does that
mean your musicians play the same song again and again, precisely the
same way?"
"If they're good they do. A composer writes a piece of music and
musicians try to play it."
"How utterly tiresome." Mukarrab Khan sighed and leaned back on his
bolster. "Music is a living art, Ambassador. It's meant to illuminate
the emotions of the one who gives it life. How can written music have
any feeling? My Ustad would never play a raga the same way twice.
Indeed, I doubt he would be physically capable of such a boorish feat."
"You mean he creates a new composition each time he plays?"
"Not precisely. But his handling of the specific notes of a raga must
speak to his mood, mv mood. These vary, why not his art?"
"But what is a raga then, if not a song?"
"That's always difficult to explain. At some rudimentary level you
might say it's simply a melody form, a fixed series of notes around
which a musician improvises. But although a raga has a rigorously
prescribed ascending and descending note sequence and specific melodic
motifs, it also has its own mood, 'flavor.' What we call its _rasa_.
How could one possibly write down a mood?"
"I guess I see your point. But it's still confusing." Hawksworth took
another sip of wine. "How many ragas are there?"
"There are seventy-two primary scales on which ragas are based. But
some scales have more than one raga. There are ragas for morning, for
evening, for late at night. My Ustad is playing a late evening raga
now. Although he uses only the notes and motifs peculiar to this raga,
what he does with them is entirely governed by his feeling tonight."
"But why is there no harmony?"
"I don't understand what you mean by 'harmony.'"
"Striking several notes together, so they blend to produce a chord."
Mukarrab Khan studied him, uncomprehending, and Hawksworth continued.
"If I had my lute I'd show you how harmony and chords are used in an
English song." Hawksworth thought again of his instrument, and of the
difficulty he'd had protecting it during the voyage. He knew all along
it was foolish to bring it, but he often told himself every man had the
right to one folly.
"Then by all means." The governor's curiosity seemed to arouse him
instantly from the opium. "Would you believe I've never met a
_feringhi_ who could play an instrument, any instrument?"
"But my lute was detained, along with all my belongings, at the customs
house. I was going to retrieve my chest from the Shahbandar when you
intercepted his men."
"Ambassador, please believe I had good reason. But I thought I told you
arrangements have been made." He turned and dictated rapidly to one of
the eunuchs. There was an expressionless bow, and the man left the
room. Moments later he returned through the bronze entry doors,
followed by two dark-skinned servants carrying Hawksworth's chest, one
at each end.
"I ordered your belongings sent from the customs house this afternoon.
You would honor me by staying here as my guest." Mukarrab Khan smiled
warmly. "And now I would hear you play this English instrument."
Hawksworth was momentarily startled, wondering why his safety was
suddenly of such great interest to Mukarrab Khan. But he pushed aside
the question and turned to examine the large brass lock on his chest.
Although it had been newly polished to a high sheen, as had the entire
chest, there was no visible evidence it had been opened. He extracted
the key from his doublet, slipped it into the lock, and turned it
twice. It revolved smoothly, opening with a soft click.
The lute rested precisely where he had left it. Its body was shaped
like a huge pear cut in half lengthwise, with the back a glistening
melon of curved cedar staves and the face a polished cherry. The neck
was broad, and the head, where the strings were wound to their pegs,
angled sharply back. He admired it for a moment, already eager for the
touch of its dark frets. During the voyage it had been wrapped in heavy
cloth, sealed in oilskins, and stored deep in his cabin chest. Not till
landfall at Zanzibar had he dared expose it to the sea air.
Of all English music, he still loved the galliards of Dowland best. He
was only a boy when Dowland's first book of galliards was published,
but he had been made to learn them all by heart, because his exacting
tutor had despised popular ballads and street songs.
Mukarrab Khan called for the instrument and slowly turned it in the
lamplight, its polished cedar shining like a great jewel. He then
passed it to his two musicians, and a brief discussion in Persian
ensued, as brows were wrinkled and grave points adjudicated. After its
appearance was agreed upon, the instrumentalist gingerly plucked a gut
string with the wire plectrum attached to his forefinger and studied
its sound with a distant expression. The torrent of Persian began anew,
as each string was plucked in turn and its particular quality debated.
Then the governor revolved to Hawksworth.
"I congratulate your wisdom, Ambassador, in not hazarding a truly fine
instrument on a sea voyage. It would have been a waste of real
workmanship."
Hawksworth stared at him dumbfounded.
"There's not a finer lute in London." He seized it back. "I had it
specially crafted several years ago by a master, a man once lute-maker
to the queen. It's one of the last he made."
"You must pardon me then, but why no embellishment? No ivory inlay, no
carved decoration? Compare, if you will, Ustad Qasim's sitar. It's a
work of fine art. A full year was spent on its decoration. Note the
head has been carved as the body of a swan, the neck and pegs inlaid
with finest ivory, the face decorated with mother-of-pearl and _lapis
lazuli_. Your lute has absolutely no decoration whatsoever."
"The beauty of an instrument is in its tone."
"Yes, that's a separate point. But perhaps we should hear it played by
one skilled in its use. I must confess we are all curious what can be
done with so simple an instrument." Mukarrab Khan shifted on his
bolster, while the young man next to him toyed with a jewel, not
troubling to disguise his boredom.
Hawksworth tuned the strings quickly and meticulously. Then he settled
himself on the carpet and took a deep breath. His fingers were stiff,
his mind groggy with wine, but he would play a song he knew well. A
galliard Dowland had written when Queen Elizabeth was still alive, in
honor of a Cornwall sea captain named Piper, whom she'd given a letter
of marque to attack the Spanish, but who instead turned an
uncontrollable pirate, pillaging the shipping of any flag convenient.
He'd become an official outlaw but a genuine English folk hero, and
Dowland had honored his memory with a rousing composition--"Piper's
Galliard."
A full chord, followed by a run of crisp notes, cut the close air. The
theme was somber, a plaintive query in a minor mode followed by a
melodic but defiant reply. Just the answer Piper would have given to
the charges, Hawksworth thought.
The servants had all gathered to listen, and the eunuchs had stopped
gossiping. Then Hawksworth glanced toward the musicians, who had
shifted themselves onto the carpet to watch. Both the sitarist and his
drummer still eyed the instrument skeptically, no hint of appreciation
in their look.
Hawksworth had expected it.
Wait till they hear this.
He crouched over the lute and attacked the strings with all four
fingers, producing a dense toccata, with three melodic lines advancing
at once, two in the treble and one in the base. His hand flew over the
frets until it seemed every fingertip commanded a string, each
embellishing a theme another had begun. Then he brought the galliard to
a rousing crescendo with a flourish that spanned two entire octaves.
A polite silence seemed to grip the room. Mukarrab Khan sipped
thoughtfully from his cup for a moment, his jeweled rings refracting
the lamplight, then summoned a eunuch and whispered briefly in his ear.
As the eunuch passed the order to a hovering servant, Mukarrab Khan
turned to Hawksworth.
"Your English music is interesting, Ambassador, if somewhat simple." He
cleared his throat as an excuse to pause. "But frankly I must tell you
it touched only my mind. Not my heart. Although I heard it, I did not
feel it. Do you understand the difference? I sensed nothing of its
rasa, the emotion and desire one should taste at a moment like this,
the merging of sound and spirit. Your English music seems to stand
aloof, unapproachable." Mukarrab Khan searched for words. "It inhabits
its own world admirably, but it did not enter mine."
Servants suddenly appeared bearing two silver trays, on which were
crystal cups of green, frothy liquid. As the servant placed
Hawksworth's tray on the patterned carpet, he bowed, beaming. Mukarrab
Khan ignored his own tray and instead summoned the sitarist, Bahram
Qasim, to whisper brief instructions in his ear. Then the governor
turned to Hawksworth.
"Perhaps I can show you what I mean. This may be difficult for you, so
first I would urge you try a cup of _bhang_. It has the remarkable
effect of opening one's heart."
Hawksworth tested the beverage warily. Its underlying bitterness had
been obscured with sweet yogurt and potent spices. It was actually very
palatable. He drank again, this time thirstily.
"What did you call this? _Bhang?"
_"Yes, it's made from the leaves of hemp. Unlike wine, which only dulls
the spirit, _bhang _hones the senses. Now I've arranged a demonstration
for you."
He signaled the sitarist, and Bahram Qasim began the unmistakable theme
of "Piper's Galliard." The song was drawn out slowly, languorously, as
each individual note was introduced, lovingly explored for its own pure
sound, and then framed with microtone embellishment and a sensual
vibrato. The clear, simple notes of the lute were transmuted into an
almost orchestral richness by an undertone of harmonic density from the
sitar's sympathetic strings, the second row of wires beneath those
being plucked, tuned to match the notes of the song and respond without
being touched. Dowland's harmonies were absent, but now the entire room
resonated with a single majestic chord underlying each note. Gradually
the sitarist accelerated the tempo, while also beginning to insert his
own melodic variations over the original notes of the theme.
Hawksworth took another sip of _bhang _and suddenly noticed the notes
seemed to be weaving a tapestry in his mind, evolving an elaborate
pattern that enveloped the room with shapes as colored as the
geometries of the Persian carpet.
Next the drummer casually introduced a rhythmic underpinning, his lithe
fingers touring easily over and around the taut drumheads as he
dissected, then restructured the simple meter of Dowland's music. He
seemed to regard the original meter as merely a frame, a skeleton on
which the real artistry had yet to be applied. He knowingly subdivided
Dowland's meter into minuscule elements of time, and with these devised
elaborate new interlockings of sound and silence. Yet each new
structure always _Resolve_d to its perfect culmination at the close of
a musical phrase. Then as he punctuated his transient edifice with a
thud of the larger drum--much as an artist might sign a painting with an
elaborate flourish--he would catch Hawksworth's incredulous gaze and
wink, his eyes twinkling in triumph.
Meanwhile, the sitarist structured Dowland's spirited theme to the
drummer's frame, adding microtones Dowland had never imagined, and
matching the ornate tempo of the drum as they blended together to
become a single racing heartbeat.
Hawksworth realized suddenly that he was no longer merely hearing the
music, that instead he seemed to be absorbing it.
How curious . . .