[1]Reports referred to in this and some of the subsequent footnotes are
listed under “References” by authors in alphabetical order, followed
by year of publication, and other pertinent data. The report just
referred to is listed as Lohman, 1965a. Other reports of interest
are similarly listed under “Additional reading.”
[2]Lohman, 1965b.
[3]Lohman, 1974.
[4]Lohman, 1975.
[5]For a very interesting account of this colorful character, see Look,
1961-62. My statements regarding Otto were taken mainly from this
account.
[6]So-called buffalo are actually bison.
[7]1961-62, p. 19-21.
[8]Just west of the T-intersection of Monument Road and the eastern
segment of South Broadway.
[9]Wormington and Lister, 1956, p. 81, 119-122.
[10]Archaeological survey of Colorado National Monument, 1963, by George
Stroh, Jr., and George H. Ewing, with laboratory assistance by
William D. Wade. Unpublished duplicated manuscript, 62 p., map,
March 1964. For copies of this and other reports or discussions of
the subject, or both, I am greatly indebted to: Adrienne Anderson,
Regional Archaeologist, Rocky Mountain Region, National Park
Service, Denver; Bruce Rippeteau, State Archaeologist, Denver; John
Crouch, District Archaeologist, Bureau of Land Management, Grand
Junction; H. Marie Wormington, Anthropologist Emeritus, Denver
Museum of Natural History; and Al Look, Grand Junction. Copies of
this and other unpublished reports referred to are on file at the
headquarters of the Monument.
[11]Many of the cliff faces of the Wingate Sandstone, and in parts of
the Plateau other sandstones also, are darkened or blackened by
desert varnish, a natural pigment of iron and manganese oxides,
silica, and clay. (See fig. 32.) The varnish is darker on cliff
faces that have been standing longer. The prehistoric inhabitants of
the canyon country learned that effective and enduring designs could
be created simply by chiseling through the thin dark layer to reveal
the buff, tan, or pink sandstone beneath. These petroglyphs were
chiseled when the rock face was vertical; afterwards the slab fell
to a horizontal position.
[12]The Fremont people were mainly hunters who roamed the Plateau around
A.D. 850 or 900. (See Jennings, 1970.)
[13]Taken mainly from Colorado State Planning Commission, 1959,
Hamilton, 1956, Beckwith, 1854, and Hayden, 1877.
[14]Taken largely from Dellenbaugh, 1902.
[15]Information regarding Kodel and his mine was obtained mainly from Al
Look and C. Frank Moore of Grand Junction and Mrs. Irving C. Beard
of Fruita.
[16]For details see Lohman, 1965a.
[17]See Lohman, 1974.
[18]The Geological Survey has divided the Precambrian into, from oldest
to youngest, the Archean and Proterozoic Eons, with the boundary at
2,500 million years. The two eons now constitute Precambrian time.
[19]Potter and Rossman, 1977.
[20]According to Robert A. Cadigan, U.S. Geological Survey.
[21]See Pipiringos and O’Sullivan, 1975.
[22]See Wright, Shawe, and Lohman, 1962.
[23]Pipiringos and O’Sullivan, 1975.
[24]According to Fred Peterson, U.S. Geological Survey.
[25]Wright, Shawe, and Lohman, 1962; Lohman, 1975.
[26]Paul L. Williams, U.S. Geological Survey, told me in November 1978
that he observed H₂S-bearing spring water leaching the color from
both the Entrada and Wingate Sandstones above Tabeguache Creek some
8 or 10 miles north of Nucla, Colo., and from the Wingate alone
along Onion Creek in eastern Utah.
[27]Lohman, 1965a, p. 47, 48.
[28]Study of a fauna of small vertebrates from the late Jurassic
Morrison Formation of western Colorado, by George C. Callison, 21
pages, June 1978.
[29]_A_, modified from Gilmore, courtesy U.S. National Museum; _B_,
modified from Gilmore, courtesy Carnegie Museum; _C_, modified from
Mathew, courtesy American Museum of Natural History; and _D_,
modified from Romer, after Marsh and Gilmore, courtesy University of
Chicago Press.
[30]From information obtained in several discussions with John R.
Donnell. U.S. Geological Survey.
[31]See Cater, 1970, p. 67.
[32]Lohman 1961, 1965a, 1965b; Hunt 1969, p. 87.
[33]Lohman, 1960, p. 66-100, 88-91.
[34]In the following sections the small numbered triangles in the right
margin refer to key points along the trip routes. Figure 3 shows the
locations of these key points. These numbers should be especially
helpful if the reader happens to follow the road guides in reverse.
[35]One cfs, or one ft³s⁻¹, = 448.8 gallons a minute or 2446.6 cubic
meters a day.
[36]Lohman, 1965a, p. 44.
[37]Lohman, 1965a, p. 22.
[38]Lohman, 1963, 1965a.
[39]Lohman, 1965a, p. 22, 23.
[40]Lohman, 1965a, p. 106, well 33.
[41]Lohman, 1963; 1965a, pl. 1.
[42]Lohman, 1965a, p. 15.
[43]Lohman, 1965a.
[44]Lohman, 1965b.
_Index_