ADVENTURES OF JOHN DE VERE.
One autumn day, about six months after the fall of Warwick and Montagu,
a little fleet approached the coast of Cornwall, and anchored in the
green waters of Mount's Bay. The monks and fighting men who tenanted
the fortified monastery that crowned the summit of St. Michael's Mount
might have deemed the appearance of the ships slightly suspicious; but
the aspect and attire of those who landed from their decks forbade
uncharitable surmises. Indeed, they were in the garb of pilgrims, and
represented themselves as men of rank, who, at the suggestion of their
confessors, had come from remote parts of the kingdom to perform vows,
make orisons, and offer oblations at the shrine of St. Michael.
It was the last day of September--the festival of St. Keyne, a virgin
princess of rare sanctity, who had, in the fifth century, for pious
purposes, visited the Mount; and, on such an occasion, the monks were
not likely to be in any very skeptical mood. Proud, in all probability,
of their saint's reputation, and not doubting his power to inspire
zeal, they opened their gates and admitted the pilgrims. No sooner
were they admitted, however, than the scene changed. Each man, throwing
aside his pilgrim's habit, stood before the astonished monks a warrior
in mail, with a dagger in his girdle, a sword by his side, and in his
eye the determination to use those weapons in the event of resistance.
At the head of this band was a man of thirty or thereabouts, who
announced that he was John De Vere, Earl of Oxford, and that he had
come to take possession of St. Michael's Mount in the name of Lancaster.
Between his escape from Barnet and his arrival at St. Michael's
Mount the chief of the De Veres had passed through some remarkable
adventures. When Oxford, bewildered by the consequences of his silver
star being mistaken for Edward's sun, and thrown off his guard by the
shouts of "Treason!" rode through the mist and fled from the field, he
directed his course northward with the intention of seeking refuge in
Scotland; but, after riding some distance, and taking time to reflect,
the earl came to the conclusion that the journey was too long to be
accomplished with safety, and, turning aside, he rode, in the company
of Lord Beaumont, toward the Welsh Marches, with the hope of joining
Jasper Tudor. Whether or not he reached Wales is not quite clear; but
it appears from a letter written in April to his countess, Warwick's
sister, that, after Queen Margaret had landed and her friends had
resolved on another campaign, Oxford recovered the spirit he had
displayed at Coventry, and indulged in the hope of a Lancastrian
triumph.
"Right reverend and worshipful lady," writes the earl to his countess,
"I recommend me to you, letting you weet that I am in great heaviness
at the making of this letter; but, thanked be God, I am escaped myself,
and suddenly departed from my men; for I understand my chaplain would
have betrayed me....
"Ye shall give credence to the bringer of this letter, and I beseech
you to reward him to his costs; for I am not in power at the making of
this letter to give him but as I was put in trust by favor of strange
people. Also, ye shall send me, in all haste, all the ready money ye
can make, and as many of my men as can come well horsed, and that they
come in divers parcels. Also, that my best horses be sent with my steel
saddles, and bid the yeoman of the horse cover them with leather.
"Also, ye shall send to my mother and let her weet of this letter, and
pray her of her blessing, and bid her send me my casket, by this token,
that she hath the key thereof, but it is broken. And ye shall send to
the Prior of Thetford, and bid him send me the sum of gold that he said
I should have; also say to him, by this token, that I showed him the
first Privy Seal....
"Also, ye shall be of good cheer, and take no thought; for I shall
bring my purpose about now, by the grace of GOD, who have you in His
keeping."
Oxford soon learned the truth of the homely proverb that there is
much between the cup and the lip; and when Tewkesbury extinguished
his hopes of victory, the earl, attended by Lord Beaumont, betook
himself to France. His reception in that country not being such as to
tempt a prolonged residence, he fitted out a fleet, and for a while
made the ocean his home. Indeed, it would seem that, when exiled from
his kindred and his castles, the heir of the De Veres reverted to the
habits of his Scandinavian ancestors, and that, during the summer of
1471, the thirteenth of the proud earls of Oxford roved the narrow seas
as a pirate. About the close of September, however, Oxford, having, in
the words of Speede, "gotten stores of provisions by the strong hand at
sea," landed in Cornwall; and with a body of men, whom some chroniclers
represent as well-nigh four hundred, and others as less than a sixth of
that number, appeared suddenly at St. Michael's Mount.
The monks of St. Michael and the soldiers who garrisoned the Mount were
in no condition to resist a body of men so determined. They therefore
yielded without a struggle; and Oxford set himself to the task of
repairing the fortifications, getting men and ammunition to defend the
Mount in the event of a siege, and procuring provisions to subsist them
in case of the operations being prolonged. Men and supplies were both
forthcoming, for the earl happened to be grandson of an heiress of Sir
Richard Sergeaux of Colquite, and their regard for the memory of that
lady made the Cornishmen most eager to prove their devotion to his
service. When, therefore, Oxford or his men descended into the villages
adjacent to the Mount, they were received with enthusiasm, and, in the
words of the chronicler, "had good cheer of the inhabitants."
Oxford's enterprise seemed to have prospered; but the period was the
reverse of favorable for a Lancastrian lord being left in undisturbed
possession of a strong-hold. No sooner did Edward hear of the exploit,
than he issued a proclamation branding De Vere and his adherents as
traitors; and, at the same time, he ordered Sir John Arundel, Sheriff
of Cornwall, to retake St. Michael's Mount without delay. Arundel
raised an army in the locality, advanced to the Mount, and sent a
trumpeter to summon Oxford to surrender to the king's mercy, and thus
save the effusion of Christian blood. The earl was uninfluenced by the
ceremony. He resolutely refused to listen to the conditions. "Rather
than yield on such terms," said he, "I and those with me will lose our
lives."
The sheriff, seeing no hope of a capitulation, proceeded to storm
the Mount. Oxford, however, far from being daunted, defended the
strong-hold with such energy that, after a struggle, the besiegers were
beaten at all points and repulsed with loss. Nor was this the worst;
for the garrison, sallying from the outer gate, pursued the assailants
down to the sands. There Arundel was slain with many of his soldiers;
and the survivors--most of whom were newly levied--fled in dismay.[14]
Arundel was buried in the Church of the Mount; and Edward, on hearing
of the sheriff's death, appointed a gentleman named Fortescue as
successor in the office. Having been ordered to prosecute the siege,
Fortescue commenced operations. But the new sheriff was little more
successful than his predecessor. Moreover, the Mount, which was
connected with the main land by an isthmus, dry at low water, but at
other times overflowed, gained the reputation of being impregnable; and
the king, who ascribed the want of success to the want of loyal zeal,
and described Cornwall as "the back door of rebellion," instructed
Fortescue to hold a parley with Oxford in order to ascertain the earl's
desires and expectations.
Fortescue acted according to his instructions, and demanded on what
conditions the garrison would surrender.
"If," said the earl, "the king will grant myself and my adherents our
lives, our liberties, and our estates, then we will yield."
"And otherwise?" said the sheriff.
"Why, in that event," exclaimed Oxford, with calm desperation, "we will
fight it out to the last man."
The earl's answer was conveyed to the king; and on Edward's assuring
the garrison of a free pardon, under the great seal of England,
Oxford surrendered St. Michael's Mount. Indeed, he had been extremely
perplexed; for Fortescue, it appears, had already opened communications
with the garrison, and conveyed them such promises on the king's part
that Oxford was under the necessity of surrendering himself to avoid
the humiliation of being delivered by his own men into the hands of
the besiegers. This was all the more provoking that he had sufficient
provisions to last till midsummer; but there was no resisting fate,
and, about the middle of February, Fortescue entered the Mount.
Oxford, having been carried to London with two of his brothers and
Lord Beaumont, was tried and attainted; and, notwithstanding the
promise of pardon, the fate of the chief of the De Veres now appeared
to be sealed. Fortunately for the Lancastrian earl, Edward's conscience
was at that time troubled with some qualms, and his heart daunted by
some signs which he regarded as ominous of evil. Not being in a savage
humor, he shrunk from having more De Vere blood on his hands, and the
earl escaped execution. However, he was sent captive to Picardy.
When Oxford was sent to a foreign prison, his youthful countess was
left in poverty. As the sister of Warwick and the wife of Oxford, the
noble lady was regarded by Edward with peculiar aversion; and, both as
sister and wife, she returned the king's antipathy with interest. Thus
it happened that, notwithstanding the near relationship in which she
stood to the house of York, no provision out of her husband's revenues
was made for her maintenance during his incarceration. The countess
had all the Neville pride and determination. Cast down from patrician
grandeur, and expelled from Castle Hedlingham and other feudal seats,
where she had maintained state as the wife of England's proudest Norman
earl, she made a noble effort to earn daily bread, and contrived to
make a living by the exercise of her skill in needle-work. The struggle
to keep the wolf from the door was doubtless hard to the daughter of
Salisbury and the spouse of Oxford; but, from being compelled to rely
on her industry, Margaret Neville escaped the irksome necessity of
suppressing the indignation she felt against her husband's foes, and
she retained the privilege of denouncing the king, whom her imagination
painted as the falsest of tyrants.
Meanwhile, Oxford was, in defiance of the king's promise, conveyed to
Hammes, and committed as a prisoner to the Castle. The earl was not a
man to relish the idea of incarceration, and he resolved on taking an
unceremonious leave of his jailers. With this view, he leaped from the
walls into the ditch, and endeavored to escape. The vigilance of his
warders, however, rendered this attempt futile, and John de Vere was
conveyed back to the Castle, a prisoner without prospect of release.