_The Swallow Family._
This is, to my notion, the most valuable family of birds we have in
America, as they live entirely on winged insects. And while I am writing
on their value, I want you to keep your eye on their intelligence.
Over twenty-five years ago we built an extra large drying shed at our
tile factory. It is two hundred feet long, and two stories high; then
with the addition of one hundred feet of machine shed, we have over
three hundred feet of the very choicest place for the old-fashioned,
fork-tailed barn swallows.
Here it stood, with those windows continually open, for years; but no
swallows came near.
During that time I read the first game law I have any knowledge of ever
being published. I found it in Deuteronomy, twenty-second chapter,
verses six and seven, which reads as follows: “If a bird’s nest chance
to be before thee in the way in any tree, or on the ground, whether they
be young ones, or eggs, and the dam sitting upon the young, or upon the
eggs, thou shalt not take the dam with the young: but thou shalt in any
wise let the dam go, and take the young to thee: that it may be well
with thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days.” I read, and tried to
analyze the meaning, but my eyes were too weak to see the point.
Finally, to my delight, when I went over to the factory one morning here
was the pair of long-looked-for swallows darting around near the south
end of this shed. Now the machinery, where ninety per cent. of the work
is done, is at the extreme north end of the shed; the south part is used
for drying purposes only. And the next morning this pair of birds had
some mud stuck up at the points of the third pair of rafters from the
south end. They were building just as far from us workmen as they
possibly could and still be under the same roof. How this pair of birds
did keep those two verses of Scripture fresh in my mind.
Well, they had no sooner completed their house and started setting on
five eggs, than along came their deadly enemy, the English sparrow, and
destroyed the nest. Then I went up in the air pretty high and came down
with a .22 rifle in my hand, and pointed a whole lot of my attention at
this particular variety of sparrow. And I had the pleasure of seeing
those swallows rebuild and successfully raise their second brood, which
is four. Before they migrated, they got quite tame and by times they
apparently came closer to us than necessary.
The next spring two pairs came back, one pair occupying the old nest,
but the others built about fifty feet closer to us. I watched the
sparrows closer than ever, and it seemed that the swallows called to us
as much as to say “Help! Help!” whenever their enemies put in their
appearance, and I always tried to be on hand like a sore thumb. That
summer each pair raised two broods, making a total of eighteen young.
Now we had just what we had been looking for, and these birds apparently
thought the same, for every man in the factory had learned to love them
and know their call when a sparrow arrived. This, too, may sound a
little fishy, but I will go you one better: I know you could blindfold
me and I could tell you if there was a swallow’s enemy approaching them.
If they looked to us to help them why surely they knew we were their
friends.
The third spring they came back in goodly numbers and built five nests,
and the fifth year there were no less than twenty nests in the shed. But
the beauty of it all is, they simply discarded the south end, and
fifteen of the nests are within twenty feet of the busiest spot on the
premises where the men are all working and the steam is sometimes
blowing. This proves without a doubt that these little, innocent,
valuable birds came to us for protection.
I have seen three alight on the cart-horse’s back, at once. I have also
seen the clay digger put his hand upon the nest, and the old mother bird
would simply look over the side as much as to say, “Do you like me?” But
let a stranger go in the clay shed, and you will hear their sweet,
alarmed voices ring out by the dozens.
Another very interesting sight is when the parent of, say nest number
one, darts in at the window, fifty feet away from the nest, the hungry
mouths in that nest will go up, proving that each nest of fledglings
know their parents as soon as they see them at that distance.
Another great satisfaction to me is that there are now swallows’ nests
in about every horse-barn of this neighborhood. The great question is:
What good are they? We have made a careful study of this point. I have
time and again put a sheet of paper under the nest, and when these five
fledglings are at their best for consuming flies there is about one-half
cupful of droppings thrown overboard every twenty-four hours. I have
seen our cow and cart-horse and our self-starter all three lying down in
the shade of the shed, and comfortable as could be because here were a
dozen swallows dipping up and down after every fly that appeared.
Now scientists tell us that these typhoid flies will carry germs. Such
being the fact, when this bird catches and devours the fly that is on
its way to your house with that dreaded disease, then it has prolonged
your days. “That it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest prolong
thy days.”
There are six different varieties of swallows that visit this part of
Canada. The purple martin is by far the largest, and his warbling voice
should be heard around every country home in the greater portion of
America, because he is so easily attracted. Thirty-five years ago there
were a few in this country; they usually built their nests in old,
deserted woodpeckers’ holes. I knew a chestnut stub that afforded
several pairs a home for the summer. But the first martin house I ever
saw was on Mr. Jasperson’s building in the town of Kingsville. Then a
Mr. Elliott, who kept a summer hotel near the lake, built houses and had
good success. This gave me the martin fever very bad, so I hooked up the
self-starter and drove to the lake and saw Mr. Elliott. The dear old
gentleman’s voice trembled as he said, “Jack, I had twenty-five or
thirty pairs around my houses, but the boys thought it fun to shoot
them. They would go up the lake shore for nothing else, only to hunt my
pets; and now I only have three birds left. I am going to pull the
houses down because I would rather not have them come than see them
shot.”
The question was, how could I get them coming to my place? I am three
miles from the lake and seldom ever see a purple martin out here.
Finally I saw an advertisement in the little journal known as _Our Dumb
Animals_, published in Massachusetts: “J. Warren Jacobs, Waynesburg,
Pennsylvania, manufacturer of martin houses, shipped three carloads last
week.” Just then I caught myself thinking that these birds would know
his houses wherever they saw them. I at once sent an order for a
twenty-roomed dwelling, but when the house arrived the wild geese were
continually sitting where I wanted to erect it, so to avoid frightening
them I waited till they left for the breeding grounds, still farther
north. On the evening of May the 2nd, 1913, I had all the boys in the
neighborhood come and we raised the house on a pole sixteen feet high.
The questions I was asked that evening would surely have puzzled a
Philadelphia lawyer, as to “How soon would the martins come?” and so on.
The next morning, before I had my working harness sufficiently buttoned
to avoid an embarrassing accident, I took a peep out the window to see
what the bird house looked like in daylight, and really my breath was
almost taken from me, for here was a pair of martins hovering around the
house, and when the schoolboys went by they shouted, “Uncle Jack,” and
as they shook their little dinner pails and laughed heartily they said,
“there are two blackbirds around your martin house.”
In less than a month there were thirteen rooms occupied. This, of
course, taught all of us children, old and young, what a purple martin
was. In August I counted sixty-three hovering around the house at one
time.
Now I have built two of what I call “martin castles,” but it took me
three years to induce the birds to come to them. To-day they have almost
discarded the frame house, and are in the “castles;” the fact that the
“castles” are warmer in the spring and cooler in the summer possibly
accounts for this. But the brick house is altogether too expensive.
[Illustration:
THE MARTIN “CASTLE”
Photograph taken during the absence of the birds.]