HELIOPOLIS, THEBES, AND KARNAC.
About ten miles northeast of Cairo lie a few crumbled stones and a
single obelisk; these are all that remain of the ancient city of
Heliopolis. This obelisk, the oldest in Egypt, was erected by the second
king of the fourth dynasty, about two hundred years before the dawn of
the Christian era.
Heliopolis was not only a famous city of the ancient world, but it was
the seat of learning as well. One of its greatest attractions was the
Temple of the Sun, possibly the most celebrated building in Egypt.
This temple has been described as standing in an area which measured a
mile in length and half a mile in width. The approach to it was by an
avenue lined with colossal sphinxes.
The ride to Heliopolis will take us through a growing suburb where a
large number of beautiful houses have quite recently been erected. The
road then emerges into a highly cultivated plain. This was once barren
sand, but is now nourished and fertilized by the waters of the Nile,
which have been carried to it.
We pass at intervals extensive buildings, a military school, numbers of
old tombs, an astronomical observatory where the calculations are made
for the yearly Mohammedan almanac, the palace of Zafforan, built by the
late khedive for his mother, and also the palace occupied by the present
khedive. This is situated in the midst of a fine plantation.
Just before reaching Heliopolis we dismount to step aside into a garden
where stands an ancient sycamore tree, under whose shade the Holy Family
is said to have rested on their flight into Egypt. This tree, which is
crooked and gnarled, has its trunk and limbs covered with names, which
travelers have cut in the bark.
So zealous have thoughtless travelers been to secure mementoes, that the
owner of the tree has been obliged to fence it in, so that it might not
be carried away in chips by the desecrating hands of would-be
worshippers.
The obelisk at Heliopolis is the only object of interest. It is built of
red granite, and stands sixty-six and one-half feet above the pavement
on which it rests. Its base is rather more than six feet square. The
inscription, which is alike on all four sides, is in large
hieroglyphics. The lines are as sharply defined as if cut but yesterday.
The pavement upon which the obelisk stands is about six feet below the
level of the surrounding plain.
Strabo described the city as standing on a raised site; hence it is
apparent that both the river and the alluvial plain have been raised to
a considerable extent during the last two thousand years.
Very few of the Egyptian obelisks are to be found on their original
sites. Some have been removed to Rome and Alexandria, others transported
to places at still greater distances. Cleopatra's Needle, in Central
Park, New York City, was brought to America in 1885, at great expense
and with much difficulty, from its site under Egyptian skies. It was a
gift to the United States from the Khedive of Egypt.
Its counterpart, a gift to England, lay prostrate in the sands of
Alexandria for many years, but was finally taken to London and placed on
the banks of the Thames. Curious hieroglyphics upon it prove that it was
originally in the Temple of the Sun, at Heliopolis.
Heliopolis was renowned for its fine literature, its beautiful temples,
and its great priesthood. It was the University City, and was to Egypt
what Cambridge is to England.
Starting out by carriage from Heliopolis, we soon are beyond its limits
and in the open country. At once we are transported to the customs of
Bible times. Nothing seems to have changed in the space of four thousand
years. Here are the hewers of wood, the drawers of water, and the old
mode of plowing the soil and of threshing the grain.
On all sides we notice the great fertility of the soil. Work and water
seem the only agents lacking to render the country the garden of the
world in the course of a few years.
Heliopolis was at one time counted among the wonders of the world.
Little remains of its former glory. Gone are the avenues of sphinxes,
the groves of statues, and the renowned Temple of the Sun. One solitary
obelisk--the sheik of obelisks, the Egyptians call it--remains just
where hands which now rest from all labor placed it four thousand years
ago.
The hands which planted Mary's tree have long since crumbled and mingled
with the dust of eighteen hundred years, yet the tree, of immense size,
still stands, and is likely to live for centuries.
We cannot leave Egypt without having viewed the magnificent ruins of
Thebes, the ancient capital of Upper Egypt. Both at Thebes and Karnac we
may behold the glories of ancient ruins. Imagination finds it difficult
to picture the beauties of the ancient palaces and halls when they were
in their early splendor.
"Thebes must have been the greatest and most magnificent city in Egypt.
Almost as old as the flood, situated in a fertile valley, where it
expanded to a vast and splendid amphitheater, and adorning both banks of
the Nile, it was, in extent, wealth, and architectural glory, the flower
and crown of ancient civilization."
Homer sang the praises of its hundred gates nearly a thousand years
before Christ. Some of the sacred prophets speak of it as containing a
"multitude" of people. We cannot gaze on its wondrous ruins, nor linger
among its splendid mausoleums of kings and princes, without receiving
lasting impressions of its former grandeur and beauty.
The Thebes of the present and of the past come before the imagination in
sharp contrast, and we find it difficult to reconcile the ever present
fact of Arab filth and squalor with visions of former glory.
We vainly wish for some magic wand that could cause this ancient city to
stand again as in the days of its early magnificence. It may not be.
Both Thebes and Karnac are too remote from the path of commerce, too far
removed from the great trade centers, in too close proximity to the
burning sands of the desert, for us ever to hope to see them restored to
the ranks of modern life, moved by its spirit of progress.
About a mile and a half north of Luxor we find the ruins of Karnac.
This was the grandest temple in Egypt, possibly in the whole world. We
have but to visit it in the early evening to enjoy as glorious a sunset
as mortals could desire. Who shall say what varied scenes, what gorgeous
pageants, what centuries of glory and of ruin the great sun has looked
upon in past ages!
We shall find it hard to give any adequate description of Karnac. Its
magnitude and beauty bewilder and delight us. Its marvelous array of
gates, towers, columns, obelisks, and statues astonish and enchant us.
How shall we describe a temple of such magnificent proportions! If we
include its various halls and apartments, it measures twelve hundred
feet in length and about five hundred feet in width. Its massive walls
seem like palisades, its immense pillars like forests. Avenues lead to
it from each point of the compass. Double rows of colossal sphinxes cut
from gray, red, and black granite are ranged for miles along many of
these avenues.
Each monarch in his reign enlarged the proportions of the temple from
those which it had reached under his predecessors, whom he was anxious
to excel, till the temple is said to have finally occupied seventy-five
acres.
In the grand hall we find over a hundred columns still standing. They
measure from nine to twelve feet in diameter; many of them are over
sixty feet in height.
These columns are covered with hieroglyphical sculptures and paintings,
in which the coloring is still brilliant, notwithstanding the centuries
that have elapsed since they first saw the light of day. Many of these
sculptures and paintings depict scenes recorded in sacred history.
Chronicles of the storied past, these realistic groups depict many a
stray chapter in the life history of the old Egyptian kings and their
captive hosts. Lost in meditation, we stand before these silent
verifiers of the records of sacred history, and with grateful hearts
acknowledge the blessings of home and country and the advantages to be
derived from an enlightened century, rich in science, philanthropy, and
Christianity.
THE END.
INDEX.
PART I.
Aba, 52.
Abba Yared, 17.
Abyssinia, 17, 36-38, 49, 52, 55, 157.
Adal, 36.
Africa, 15.
Alantika, 160.
Albert Nyanza, 49, 51, 140, 146-152, 154, 159.
Algeria, 17, 19, 31-34, 157.
Algiers, 32.
Annobon, 160.
Aruwimi River, 97.
Ashantee Land, 167.
Assal, 37, 156.
Assouan, 40, 54.
Assyria, 29.
Atbara, 140.
Atlantic, 16, 31, 65, 86, 90, 91, 158, 168, 192, 197, 200, 208, 266.
Atlas Mountains, 17, 19, 20, 22, 30-32, 34, 35, 157, 158.
Bagradas, 34.
Bahr-el-Gazal, 52, 139, 155.
Bakuma, 116.
Bambara, 46.
Bamu, 108.
Banana Point, 102, 103.
Bantu, 192, 193, 208, 210, 266, 268.
Barbary, 30, 35, 157, 159.
Barbertown, 249.
Barca, 159.
Barraconda, 91.
Basuto, 203.
Basutoland, 210.
Bechuanaland, 222, 264, 273.
Belud-el-Jerid, 34.
Berbers, 53.
Bethany, 276.
Bight of Benin, 16, 59, 60, 168.
Bight of Biafra, 16, 60, 158, 160.
Black Mountains, 159.
Bloemfontein, 241-243.
Blueberg, 183.
Blue Nile, 37, 38, 49, 52, 53, 140.
Boers, 245, 254-261, 270.
Boma, 103, 104, 111.
Bona, 32.
British Bechuanaland, 189, 263, 264.
British Chartered Co.'s Territory, 189, 265.
British Kaffraria, 189, 208, 269.
British Protectorate, 189, 264.
Bult-Fontein, 175.
Burri, 61.
Burrum, 61.
Bushmen, 189, 190, 208, 264, 273-276.
Bush Veldt, 246, 248.
Cairo, 55.
Cameroon Mountains, 157, 160.
Cape Blanco, 34.
Cape Bon, 16, 34.
Cape Colony, 17, 18, 87, 89, 151, 160, 162, 166, 169, 171, 180, 189,
197, 199.
Cape Elizabeth, 211.
Cape Frio, 266.
Cape Guardafui, 16, 17.
Cape of Good Hope, 16, 158, 171, 182, 185, 187, 188, 197, 198, 201,
202, 212, 217, 218, 232, 235, 237, 238, 240, 244.
Cape Town, 167, 183, 193, 200, 205, 211-214, 219, 241, 260-263.
Cape Verd, 16, 18, 90, 91, 158.
Central Africa, 154, 192, 217.
Central Nigritia, 18.
Chambesi River, 95, 96.
Charlestown, 219, 220.
Chobe River, 65.
Chubiri River, 111, 112.
Compass Mountain, 198.
Congo Free State, 114-117.
Congo River, 44, 45, 65, 93-97, 102-104, 106, 111, 112, 114, 155,
159, 202.
Constantia, 213.
Crystal Mountains, 157.
Cunene River, 276.
Dafur, 159.
Damaraland, 209, 275, 276.
Delagoa Bay, 132, 232, 249, 267, 268, 270.
Delta of the Nile, 40, 49, 54, 159.
Diamond Fields, 171, 175, 176.
Dilolo, 64.
Drachenberg Mountains, 89, 158, 208, 209, 215, 216, 218, 220, 237,
238, 246, 251, 254, 269.
Durban, 204, 219.
Du Toit's Pan, 175.
East London, 211.
Egypt, 17, 19, 30, 36, 38-40, 42, 49, 51, 55.
Equatorville, 97, 112.
Estcourt, 219.
Ethiopia, 38.
Falls of the Zambesi, 66-69.
Fernando Po, 160.
Fezzan, 26.
Fish River, 222.
Gambia River, 18, 44, 45, 91-93.
Gasa County, 272.
Geraffe, or Giraffe River, 52, 139, 140.
German Protectorate, 189, 266.
Godjam, 52, 53.
Gold Coast, 167-169.
Gondokoro, 51.
Great Desert, 17, 19, 20, 22, 26, 30.
Great Karroo, 199, 213.
Great Namaqualand, 87, 209.
Griqualand, 90.
Griqualand West, 171, 172, 174-176, 197.
Griqual, 276.
Guinea, 158, 166-168.
Guinea Current, 169.
Gulf of Arabia, 16.
Gulf of Gabes, 34.
Gulf of Guinea, 16, 17, 60, 93, 168, 169.
Gulf of Sidra, 16, 35.
Gulf of Suez, 40.
Gulf of Tunis, 34.
Hammamet, 34.
Harrismith, 219.
Hawash River, 37.
High Veldt, 245.
Hopetown, 172.
Hottentots, 191-195, 209, 228-236, 266.
Ibrahim Pasha Lake, 51.
Indian Ocean, 68, 89, 158, 192, 197, 200, 208, 215, 216, 269.
Indwe River, 208.
Isambi Falls, 137.
Isangila, 105, 106, 111.
Itimbiri River, 97.
Jagersfontein, 166.
Johannesberg, 170, 249.
Joliba River, 59.
Kaffirland, 220, 269, 270.
Kaffirs, 220-223, 225, 228-230, 269, 270.
Kaffraria, 220, 221.
Kalahari Desert, 65, 79, 80, 83-85, 171, 245, 272, 275.
Karuma Falls, 51, 145, 149, 151.
Kasai River, 97.
Kei River, 208, 221.
Kenia, 17, 158.
Khartoom, 49, 52-54.
Kilimanjaro, 17, 158.
Kimberley, 166, 172, 175-177, 179, 241.
Kintamo Bay, 106.
Kiva River, 97.
Kong Mountains, 60, 62, 90, 92, 157, 158.
Kordofan, 36, 38, 49.
Krugersdorp, 250.
Kuaka, 74.
Ladysmith, 219.
Lake Albert Nyanza, 49, 51, 140, 146-152, 154, 159.
Lake Bangweolo, or Bemba, 95, 154.
Lake Dembea, 37, 52.
Lake Dilolo, 64, 65.
Lake Liemba, 155.
Lake Moero, 95, 154.
Lake N'gami, 64, 65, 153, 156.
Lake Nyassa, 64, 74, 75, 117, 154, 158.
Lake Rudolph, 155.
Lake Shirwa, 155.
Lake Tanganyika, 99, 101, 120, 121, 124-126, 128, 139, 155.
Lake Tchad, 18, 19, 26, 118-120, 155-157, 160.
Lake Victoria Nyanza, 49, 51, 64, 99, 121, 131, 132, 135, 136, 138-141,
145, 147, 149, 154, 155, 159.
Land of the Moon, 121.
Latookas, 142, 143, 145.
Leambye River, 65.
Lebombo Mountains, 268.
Leeba River, 64, 65.
Leopoldville, 94, 106, 107, 109, 111.
Libyan Desert, 40.
Liesbeek River, 187.
Limpopo River, 65, 75, 222, 245-247, 249, 270.
Livingstone Falls, 105.
Livingstone Mountains, 158.
Livingstone River, 96.
Lower Congo River, 94, 103, 106.
Lower Livingstone Falls, 94.
Low Veldt, 246.
Luabo, 74.
Lualaba River, 95, 96.
Lulongo River. 97.
Lupata Mountains, 17, 74, 157.
Mafeking, 264.
Magella, 150.
Magungo, 144, 148, 149, 151, 152.
Makololo, 272.
Malagarazi River, 121, 124, 126.
Manyanka, 95, 111.
Manyema, 101.
Maritzburg, 209, 217-219.
Marrah Mountains, 159.
Mashona Range, 272.
Matabele-land, 171, 272.
Matoppo Range, 272.
Mauritius Island, 205.
Mediterranean Sea, 17, 26, 30, 31, 39, 49, 51, 54, 102, 156, 159.
Mendif, 160.
Meroe, 53.
Middle Veldt, 246-248.
Mobangi River, 97.
Mograt, 53.
Monomotapa, 63.
Mont aux Sources, 86.
Morocco (Empire), 17, 19, 30, 157, 158.
Mosiotunga Falls, 66.
Mossamedes, 276.
Mountains of the Moon, 157.
Mount Loma, 60.
Mozambique, 188, 215, 268.
Murchison Falls, 51.
Mushinga Mountains, 154, 159.
Namaqualand, 203, 275, 276.
Namaquas, 276.
Natal, 87, 89, 169, 189, 198, 204, 205, 208, 215-218, 220, 237, 238,
269, 270.
Newcastle, 219.
New Rush Mine, 177.
Niger River, 17-19, 44-47, 49, 59-63, 90, 159.
Nile Basin, 40.
Nile River, 37-40, 44, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56-58, 65, 136, 137, 140, 141,
144-146, 148, 150, 151, 154.
Nile Valley, 19, 36, 41, 50, 51, 53, 55, 159.
Nmgeni Fall, 209.
North Africa, 155, 159.
Nubia, 17, 22, 36, 38, 39, 49, 53.
Nyangwe, 95, 101.
Obbo, 143, 145.
Oran (Province), 32.
Orange River, 44, 65, 86, 87, 89, 176, 198, 200, 201, 237, 238, 240,
251, 266.
Orange River Free State, 87, 89, 90, 176, 180, 189, 208, 211, 217,
219, 220, 237, 238, 240, 241, 243, 245, 250, 273.
Ovampoland, 65.
Ovampos, 276.
Ponta de Lenha, 102.
Port Alfred, 211.
Port Beira, 265, 268.
Port Elizabeth, 238, 241.
Port Natal, 217, 218, 238.
Portuguese Possessions, 189.
Potchefstroom, 259.
Pretoria, 249, 258, 268.
Prince's Island, 160.
Province of Oran, 32.
Pungwe River, 268.
Rand, 170, 171.
Red Sea, 22, 36, 38, 40, 64, 101, 158.
Rhodesia, 265.
Rio Grande, 92.
Ripon Falls, 137, 138, 140.
Rondevosch, 187.
Ruke River, 97, 112.
Sahara Desert, 17, 20-24, 26, 30, 32, 38, 91, 92, 161, 273.
Salt River, 263.
Say, 62, 63.
Senegal, 18, 19, 40, 90, 91, 93.
Senegambia, 91, 92.
Shari River, 119.
Shire River, 74, 75.
Sierra Leone, 91, 92.
Snow Mountains, 157.
Sobat River, 52, 139, 140.
Sofala, 64, 182.
Soudan, 17, 18, 22, 91, 118, 273.
South Africa, 80, 81, 158, 167, 171, 175, 178, 180, 182, 184, 185, 187,
188, 191, 192, 196, 204, 208, 211, 216, 221, 225, 237, 238, 249, 273.
South African Republic, 189, 211, 217, 219, 220, 237, 243, 249-251,
254, 263, 268, 270.
Southeast Africa, 166, 270.
Spitz Kop Mountains, 198.
Stanley Falls, 95, 97, 106, 115.
Stanley Pool, 94, 106, 108, 112.
St. Helena, 183.
St. Thomas Island, 160.
Suez, 158.
Suez Canal, 15.
Swaziland, 189, 268.
Table Bay, 181-183, 211, 212.
Table Mount, 18, 181, 200, 213.
Table Valley, 183-186.
Takazzie River, 37.
Tanganyika Lake, 99, 101, 120, 121, 124-126, 128, 139, 155.
Tees River, 208.
Tete, 74, 75, 78.
Thebes, 40, 55.
The Cape Downs, 262.
The Fell, 32, 34.
Timbuctoo, 60, 61, 63.
Transvaal Republic, or Transvaal, 87, 169, 170, 189, 217, 237, 240,
243-245.
Tripoli (Province), 17, 26, 30, 35, 36.
Tsitsa Fall, 209.
Tuaregs, 60.
Tugela's Fall, 209.
Tunis (State), 17, 30, 34-36.
Ugogo, 121.
Uguha, 126.
Ujiji, 128.
Unyamwezi, 134, 159.
Upper Congo River, 94, 95, 98, 99, 106, 108, 110, 111.
Upper Livingstone Falls, 95, 106.
Vaal River, 87, 172, 176, 241, 247, 249-251.
Van Reenen's Pass, 219.
Vayling, 264.
Vereeniging, 249.
Victoria Falls, 66, 69-73, 117.
Victoria Nile, 149.
Victoria Nyanza Lake, 49, 51, 64, 99, 121, 131, 132, 135, 136, 138-141,
145, 147, 149, 154, 155, 159.
Vivi, 94, 104-106, 111.
Wajiji, 130, 131.
Wakimbu, 122, 123.
Walfish Bay, 83, 209, 266.
Wanyamwezi, 123, 124, 130.
Wanbe River, 119.
Wenyas, 115.
West Africa, 167.
White Nile, 38, 49, 52, 140.
Witwatersrand, 169, 249.
Wood Point, 102, 103.
Worcester, 213.
Wray Hook, 241, 243.
Zambesi River, 44-46, 63-66, 70, 74, 75, 77, 78, 117, 155, 158, 159,
270, 272.
Zanzibar, 102, 132.
Zuga River, 156.
Zululand, 219, 222, 270.
Zulus, 270.
Zwartebergen, 199.
PART II.
Abo, 297.
Abomey, 294.
Aboukir, 506.
Abou Zabel, 523.
Abu Roash, 533.
Abyssinia, 310, 358, 409.
Alexandria, 500-506, 511, 541.
Algeria, 405, 470, 473, 474, 487.
Algiers, 404, 473, 478, 490.
Ambriz, 306.
Angra Pequena, 276.
Annobon, 298.
Ashantee Land, 287-289.
Ashantees, 290, 291.
Asinee, 288.
Atlantic, 276, 285.
Atlas Mountains, 318, 469, 492, 493.
Bakalahari, 357.
Banana Point, 304.
Bantu, 403.
Banzai, 444.
Barbary, 317.
Barca, 493, 495, 496.
Bardo, 485.
Barotse, 435.
Basongo, 437, 438.
Batoka, 441.
Bay of Corsica, 298.
Bay of Tunis, 485.
Bechuanas, 403, 418, 419, 427, 428, 430, 431, 442, 443.
Bedouins, 415, 497.
Belbeys, 515.
Benguela, 303.
Berbers, 405, 475, 486, 498.
Bight of Bonin, 281.
Bight of Biafra, 298.
Binue, 296, 297.
Bitter Lake, 512, 513.
Black Mountains, 493.
Blue Nile, 412.
Boers, 373, 376.
Boma, 304.
Bornoo, 492.
Bubastis, 515, 516.
Bushmen, 356, 357, 369, 375, 404, 430, 448.
Cairo, 457, 505, 510, 514-519, 521, 522, 527, 529, 531, 535, 539.
Cameroon Mountains, 281, 298.
Cameroon River, 297.
Cape Coast Castle, 286.
Cape Delgado, 410.
Cape Frio, 298.
Cape Guardafui, 409.
Cape of Good Hope, 344, 358, 380, 387, 504.
Cape Mesurado, 285.
Cape Palmas, 286.
Cape Three Points, 286.
Cape Town, 321.
Cape Verd, 277, 278.
Carthage, 484.
Cazengo, 305.
Central Africa, 282, 310, 314, 403.
Central Soudan, 404.
Chobe River, 419, 420.
Clarence Cove, 298.
Cleopatra's Needle, 540.
Congo Free State, 299, 304, 411.
Congo River, 304, 307, 403, 404, 412.
Constantine (City), 473, 480.
Constantine Palace, 480-483.
Constantine (Province), 474, 478.
Copts, 415, 421.
Corisco Bay, 298.
Dahomans, 296.
Dahomey, 287, 292, 294, 296.
Dakir, 277.
Damaraland, 424, 425.
Dashur, 533.
Delagoa Bay, 410.
Delta of the Nile, 414, 506, 507, 512, 516.
East Africa, 403, 409-412.
East Central Africa, 403.
Egga, 297.
Egypt, 280, 318, 413, 415, 495, 505, 507, 519, 531, 534, 541.
Egyptians, 413-415, 442, 506, 518, 521, 532-535.
El-mersa, 485.
Elmina, 286.
Equatorial Africa, 388.
Ezher, 522, 527.
Fans, 299-303.
Fellatah, 278, 279.
Fernando Po, 298.
Fez, 459-463, 467.
Fezzan, 493, 496, 498.
Freetown, 285.
Gaboon River, 299.
Galla, 409, 410.
Gambia River, 277-279, 281, 282, 315.
Gizeh, 517, 531, 532, 535.
Gold Coast, 283, 286-288.
Goletta, 485, 486.
Goric, 278.
Grain Coast, 285, 286.
Great Desert, 277, 279, 492, 493, 496.
Great South African Plateau, 281.
Guinea, 283, 403.
Guinea Coast, 281, 282, 287, 288.
Gulf of Guinea, 281.
Gulf of Sidra, 495.
Gulf of Suez, 514.
Gulf of Systa, 493.
Hamites, 402.
Hammada, 497.
Heliopolis, 539-541.
Heptastadium, 501, 502.
Hottentots, 333, 355, 374, 375, 378, 386, 404, 448.
Indian Ocean, 309.
Island of Zanzibar, 412.
Ismailia, 513.
Ivory Coast, 286, 288.
Juba River, 411.
Kabyles, 473-478.
Kaffirs, 385, 386, 403, 418.
Kairon, 519.
Kairwan, 486.
Kalahari Desert, 309, 375, 404, 429, 430.
Karnac, 542, 543.
Kater River, 283.
Kawara River, 310.
Kenia, 410.
Kilimanjaro, 410.
Kong Mountains, 282.
Kordofan, 310.
Kuanza River, 305.
Kufra, 493.
Lagos, 287.
Lake Mareotis, 501.
Lake Menzaleh, 506, 512.
Lake Nyassa, 445, 447.
Lake Rudolph, 410.
Lake Tanganyika, 412.
Lake Tchad, 310.
Lake Victoria Nyanza, 410-412.
Leeambye River, 365, 432.
Leeba River, 421.
Leopoldville, 304.
Liberia, 278, 285.
Libyan Desert, 405, 496, 532.
Limbu, 308.
Little Fish River, 330.
Loango, 303.
Loangwa, 344.
Londa, 422.
Lower Egypt, 342, 415.
Lower Guinea, 283, 298.
Lualaba River, 412.
Lucalla River, 439, 440.
Lukoja, 297.
Madagascar, 361.
Makalaka, 420.
Makololo, 420, 421.
Malaghetta Coast, 285.
Manyema, 412.
Mareotis Lake, 501.
Mechonar, 470.
Mediterranean Sea, 307, 311, 501, 510-513, 516, 535.
Mejerdah, 492, 505.
Mekinez, 467.
Memphis, 413, 417, 532, 533.
Meritsane, 358.
Mesheea, 493, 494.
Misda, 498.
Moero Lake, 413.
Mogadore, 468, 469.
Mombassa, 412.
Monrovia, 285.
Mopane Forest, 447.
Morocco (City), 460, 464-466.
Morocco (Empire), 405, 451, 487.
Mossamedes, 306.
Mozambique, 358.
Murzuk, 498-500.
Necropolis, 502.
Negroland, 416-418.
Nicopolis, 502.
Niger River, 281, 287.
Nile River, 311, 318, 342, 361, 413, 506, 511, 515, 518, 519, 535, 539.
Nile Valley, 403, 414, 432.
North Africa, 356, 403-405, 492.
Nourse River, 277, 281.
Ntambounay Falls, 323.
Nubia, 280, 307, 403.
Numidia, 480.
Numidians, 473.
Ogowe River, 303.
Old Calabar River, 297.
Oran (Province), 470.
Oran (Town), 478.
Orange River, 328, 401.
Ovampo Land, 425.
Ovampo River, 427.
Ovampos, 425, 426.
Ozi River, 411.
Pharos, 501, 502.
Pi-beseth, 515.
Popo, 287.
Port Said, 512.
Portuguese West Africa, 305.
Prince's Island, 298.
Province of Angola, 305.
Province of Mozambique, 410.
Province of Oran, 470.
Quilo, 435.
Red Sea, 510.
Rhacotis, 502.
Rio del Rey, 297.
Rio Grande, 279.
Rokelle River, 283.
Rovuma River, 411.
Sahara Desert, 307, 309, 406, 474, 492.
Sakkarah, 517.
San Juan, 298.
San Salvador, 305.
Sebu River, 460.
Semites, 402.
Senegal, 277, 279, 280, 281, 310, 318, 357, 372.
Senegambia, 277-281, 358, 403.
Sfaks, 486.
Sherboro Island, 278.
Shire River, 344, 394.
Sidi Rached, 474.
Sierra del Crystal, 323.
Sierra Leone, 277.
Somal, 409.
Soudan, 279, 403, 492, 493, 496.
South Africa, 328, 329, 331, 334, 335, 348, 351, 356, 358, 381, 400,
401, 403.
South Central Africa, 439.
Southeast Africa, 410.
Sphinx, 517, 528.
Stanley Pool, 304.
St. Louis, 277, 285.
St. Paul de Loanda, 305.
Straits of Gibraltar, 451, 452.
St. Thomas Island, 298.
Suez, 505, 510-514.
Suez Canal, 509-514.
Susa, 486.
Tanganyika Lake, 412.
Tangier, 311, 452, 459.
Tarki, 406, 407.
Tel Basta, 515.
Temple of the Sun, 539.
Thebes, 542.
Timbuctoo, 461, 492.
Tlemcen, 470-473.
Togo, 287.
Tripoli (City), 488-493, 498.
Tripoli (Province), 405, 488, 492, 493, 495.
Tuaregs, 404-409.
Tunis (City), 488-493, 498.
Tunis (State), 405, 484, 486-488.
Tyneh, 511, 512.
Ugogo, 412.
Ujiji, 412.
Umba, 411.
Unyamwezi, 412.
Upper Egypt, 307, 314, 342.
Upper Guinea, 283.
Upper Nile River, 403, 412.
Usagara, 412.
Victoria Nyanza Lake, 410-412.
Vivi, 304.
Volta River, 286-288.
Wed Rummel, 480.
West Africa, 277, 285, 287, 297-299, 304, 306, 315, 341, 403.
Whydah, 287, 292.
Windy, or Windward, Coast, 285.
Yoruba, 287.
Zaire River, 304.
Zambesi River, 344, 403, 418, 443, 444.
Zanzibar, 412.
Zulus, 403.
* * * * *
STEPPING STONES TO LITERATURE
By SARAH LOUISE ARNOLD, Supervisor of Schools, Boston, Mass.
AND
CHARLES B. GILBERT, Superintendent of Schools, Newark, N. J.
The remarkable success of this new series of Readers has exceeded even
the anticipations of those who knew the large experience of its authors
in educational work, and their peculiar fitness for preparing a series
of reading books that should not only meet the needs of the schoolroom
but should be educative in the highest degree. Briefly stated, the
salient points of the series may be characterized as follows:--
1. It provides a carefully graded reader for each of the
eight grades.
2. It is practical. The authors know what children like and
what they need.
3. It furnishes more reading matter and of better literary
quality than any other series.
4. It is more fully and more beautifully illustrated than
any other series.
Every book is a treasure-house of choice thoughts happily clothed in
fitting words. While the need of simplicity has been recognized in the
lessons for younger pupils, these have been skillfully planned to awaken
the child mind, and to give pupils a foretaste of what lies beyond; so
that the primary readers, no less than those of higher grades, are truly
"stepping stones to literature." The subject-matter in each book has
been adapted with rare skill and discrimination to its special grade. It
embraces nature study, classical mythology, legendary lore, stories of
adventure, patriotic and other poems, historical literature, etc., and
gives children an all-round education which proves reactive in every
direction. In the higher readers, selections are given entire in many
cases, so as to form literary wholes,--a unique and much-approved
feature.
The illustrations are no less worthy of mention than the text. They are
more numerous than in any series of readers heretofore published. Many
of them are reproductions of famous works by great artists, and the
pupils are thus familiarized with the best in art as well as in
literature. They also serve as language lessons. The portraits of
authors lend added interest to their writings. The artistic vertical
script used in the earlier grades surpasses anything ever before
introduced into elementary reading books.
The series as a whole may justly be said to set _a new standard_ of
literary and artistic excellence for school readers.
_Our list comprises superior text-books for every grade of
instruction._
The following are a few out of many testimonials to the merits and
practical value of this notable series of school readers.
STEPPING STONES TO LITERATURE presents literary gems which appeal to the
intelligence and fancy of the child in a manner that will give him a
desire to know the best in literature. The illustrations must educate
the taste, while they give delight.--J. A. UTTER, _Principal of
Teachers' Training School, Albany, N. Y._
These books are fine, viewed either from the literary or artistic
standpoint. The stories selected are so adapted that, while none of
their beauty is lost, they are perfectly suited to the ability of our
youngest readers.--BESSIE M. SCHOFIELD, _Supervisor of Primary Schools,
Providence, R. I._
I know of no readers that compare with them in every point that goes
towards making a model series of books.--O. S. MOLES, Ph.D., _Principal
of Sherman School, Denver, Col._
We are using the books in our schools, and teachers and pupils are
delighted with them. I have had rather a prejudice against school
readers, and have used various supplementary books in place of regular
readers, but this series fully meets my ideal of school reading.--B. B.
JACKSON, _Superintendent of Schools, Ashland, Wis._
In beauty of finish, and in the artistic excellence of the
illustrations, these readers surpass anything of the kind that I have
seen.--W. F. GORDY, _Principal of Second North School, Hartford, Conn._
I know of no series that I like so much. They seem to me books for which
teachers, parents, and children may be truly thankful.--Mrs. ALICE W.
COOLEY, _Asst. Superintendent of Schools, Minneapolis, Minn._
The books commend themselves alike for the beauty of print and pictures
and the excellence of the reading matter provided in them. I do not know
of anything in the schoolbook line which quite equals them.--J. W.
STEARNS, _Director School of Education, University of Wisconsin._
These books will do more than provide mere practice lessons in reading.
They cannot fail to stimulate a thirst for true culture, in the broadest
sense.--_Review of Reviews, New York._
This is in every way a remarkable series of readers. The books are
masterpieces in art, literature, and pedagogy. The aim is to have
children see the world about them clearly, appreciate the beautiful in
nature and the good in human nature, think more intelligently, and live
more helpfully.--_New England Journal of Education, Boston._
These readers show a familiarity with child-life, its needs and
interests, which every true teacher will appreciate. Both as to matter
and attractiveness of appearance they are superior to any yet
published.--_The Teacher, Philadelphia._
_Our list comprises superior text-books for every grade of instruction.
Our illustrated catalogue and descriptive circulars sent free on
application. Correspondence cordially invited._
ATTRACTIVE AND INSTRUCTIVE SCHOOL READING.
* * * * *
STEPPING STONES TO LITERATURE.--Arnold-Gilbert.
A First Reader 30 cts.
A Second Reader 40 cts.
A Third Reader 50 cts.
A Fourth Reader 60 cts.
A Reader for Fifth Grades 60 cts.
A Reader for Sixth Grades 60 cts.
A Reader for Seventh Grades 60 cts.
A Reader for Higher Grades 60 cts.
THE WORLD AND ITS PEOPLE.--Dunton.
_GEOGRAPHICAL READERS._
First Lessons 36 cts.
Glimpses of the World 36 cts.
Our Own Country 50 cts.
Our American Neighbors 60 cts.
Hawaii and Its People 68 cts.
Modern Europe 60 cts.
Life in Asia 60 cts.
Views in Africa 72 cts.
Australia and the Islands of the Sea 68 cts
NATURE IN VERSE.--Lovejoy 60 cts.
POETRY OF THE SEASONS.--Lovejoy 60 cts.
THROUGH THE YEAR: Books I. and II.--Clyde-Wallace Each, 36 cts.
TWILIGHT STORIES.--Foulke 36 cts.
BRAIDED STRAWS.--Foulke 40 cts.
THE PLANT BABY AND ITS FRIENDS.--Brown 48 cts.
THE LAND OF SONG.--Shute-Dunton.
Book I. For Primary Grades 36 cts.
Book II. For Lower Grammar Grades 48 cts.
Book III. For Upper Grammar Grades 54 cts.
THE NORMAL COURSE IN READING.--Todd-Powell.
Primer 18 cts.
New First Reader 24 cts.
Second Reader 36 cts.
Third Reader 48 cts.
Fourth Reader 60 cts.
Fifth Reader 84 cts.
Alternate First Reader 24 cts.
Alternate Second Reader 36 cts.
Alternate Third Reader 48 cts.
Primary Reading Charts $10.00
THE RATIONAL METHOD IN READING.--Ward-Warner.
Primer Complete, 36 cts.; Part I., 22 cts.; Part II., 24 cts.
First Reader Complete, 36 cts.; Part I., 22 cts.; Part II., 24 cts.
Second Reader Complete, 44 cts.; Part I., 24 cts.; Part II., 28 cts.
Third Reader Complete, 48 cts.
Manual of Instruction for Teachers 36 cts.
Phonetic Cards
First Set, 36 cts.; Second Set, 48 cts.; Third Set, 36 cts.
_Our list comprises superior text-books for every grade of instruction.
Our illustrated catalogue and descriptive circulars sent free on
application._
* * * * *
The Silver Series of English Classics. Edited by Prof. F. L. PATTEE, A.
S. TWOMBLY, and others. With Critical and Explanatory Notes.
This series furnishes editions of standard classics in English and
American literature, in the best possible form for reading and study.
Fourteen volumes now ready: MACAULAY'S Essay on Milton; WEBSTER'S First
Oration on Bunker Hill Monument; DE QUINCEY'S Flight of a Tartar Tribe;
COLERIDGE'S The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; ADDISON'S Sir Roger de
Coverley Papers; MILTON'S Paradise Lost, Books I. and II.; 18 cents
each. BURKE'S Speech on Conciliation with the American Colonies;
MACAULAY'S Essay on Addison; POPE'S Translation of Homer's Iliad, Books
I., VI., XXII., XXIV., 24 cents each. CARLYLE'S Essay on Burns;
TENNYSON'S The Princess; 28 cents each. SHAKESPEARE'S Macbeth, 30 cents.
SOUTHEY'S Life of Nelson, 36 cents. DRYDEN'S Palamon and Arcite, 20
cents.
A History of American Literature. By FRED LEWIS PATTEE, M.A., Professor
of English and Rhetoric, Penn. State College. 12mo, cloth, $1.20.
Reading Courses in American Literature. By F. L. PATTEE, M.A. 12mo,
cloth, 36 cents.
American Writers of To-Day. By HENRY C. VEDDER. A critical analysis of
nineteen contemporary authors. 12mo, cloth, $1.50.
Topical Notes on American Authors. By LUCY TAPPAN, Teacher of English in
the Central High School, Minneapolis, Minn. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
Foundation Studies in Literature. By MARGARET S. MOONEY, Teacher of
Literature and Rhetoric, State Normal College, Albany, N. Y. Popular
classic myths and their rendering by famous poets; beautifully
illustrated. 12mo, cloth, $1.25.
The Sketch Book. By WASHINGTON IRVING. Edited, with Notes, by JAMES
CHALMERS, Ph.D., LL.D., Fellow of the University of St. Andrews,
Scotland. 12mo, cloth, 60 cents.
Shakespeare. Edited, with critical comments and suggestions, by HOMER B.
SPRAGUE, A.M., Ph.D. Admirably adapted to use in classes, literary
clubs, and for private reading. 7 vols. now ready: "Merchant of Venice,"
"Macbeth," "Hamlet," "Julius Caesar," "As You Like It," "The Tempest,"
and "A Midsummer Night's Dream." 12mo, cloth, 48 cents each; paper
covers, 30 cents each.
The Vicar of Wakefield. By OLIVER GOLDSMITH. Edited, with Notes, by
HOMER B. SPRAGUE, A.M., Ph.D. 12mo, cloth, 48 cents; paper covers, 30
cents.
The Lady of the Lake. By Sir WALTER SCOTT. Edited, with Notes, by HOMER
B. SPRAGUE, A.M., Ph.D. 12mo, cloth, 48 cents; paper covers, 30 cents.
Select Minor Poems of John Milton. Edited by JAMES E. THOMAS, B.A.
(Harvard), Teacher of English in Boys' English High School, Boston. With
Biography, Notes, etc. 12mo, cloth, 48 cents; paper covers, 30 cents.
Studies in German Literature: Lessing. With Representative Selections
(translated), including "Nathan the Wise," with Notes. By EURETTA A.
HOYLES. 12mo, cloth, 48 cents.
Select English Classics. Selected and edited, with Notes, by JAMES
BALDWIN, Ph.D. 4 vols. now ready: "Six Centuries of English Poetry,"
"The Famous Allegories," "The Book of Elegies," "Choice English Lyrics."
12mo, cloth, 72 cents each.
The Masterpieces of Michelangelo and Milton. By ALEXANDER S. TWOMBLY.
With seventeen beautiful illustrations. 8vo, cloth, $1.50.
The Sources of Spenser's Classical Mythology. By ALICE ELIZABETH
SAWTELLE, Ph.D. (Yale). 12mo, cloth, 90 cents.
English Masterpiece Course. By A. H. WELSH, A.M. Seven groups of authors
with lists of characteristic books. 12mo, cloth, 75 cents.
Essentials of English. By A. H. WELSH, A.M. 12mo, cloth, 90 cents.
Complete Rhetoric. By A. H. WELSH, A.M. 12mo, cloth, $1.12.
_Send for our Illustrated Catalogue and for Descriptive Circulars of our
Superior Text-books. Correspondence about any books on our list is
respectfully solicited._
* * * * *
STEPPING STONES TO LITERATURE
By SARAH LOUISE ARNOLD, Supervisor of Schools, Boston, Mass.
AND
CHARLES B. GILBERT, Superintendent of Schools, Newark, N. J.
* * * * *
A First Reader. 128 pp. 130 beautiful illustrations. Introductory price,
30 cents.
The first reader of this delightful series initiates little learners
into the world of letters by means of simple stories and rhymes
concerning children and animals, the natural objects of interest to
children. Its illustrations are language lessons in themselves, and its
vertical script presents choice thoughts in choicest dress.
A Second Reader. 160 pp. 100 beautiful illustrations. Introductory
price, 40 cents.
In this Reader the lessons are a little longer and more complex. The
child's imagination is stimulated by charming fairy tales which have
become child classics. He is given a taste of the best poetry. The
lessons for seat work are interesting and instructive.
A Third Reader. 224 pp. Beautifully illustrated. Introductory price, 50
cents.
The ethical principle is strongly enforced in the Third Reader by
apposite fables and fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen and others.
Beautiful pictures emphasize kindness to animals. There are numerous
poetical gems for pupils to memorize.
A Fourth Reader. 320 pp. Beautifully illustrated. Introductory Price, 60
cents.
The child is here given his first distinct introduction to mythology,
through the myths of Greece and Rome, the Hiawatha myth, etc. Kingsley's
"Water Babies" and other choice writings appear in full; these enthrall
the imagination and cultivate the taste.
A Reader for Fifth Grades. 320 pp. Attractively illustrated,
Introductory price, 60 cents.
A Reader for Fifth Grades contains a galaxy of illustrious names. Both
poetry and prose are of a high order, and will give pupils a genuine
love of good literature. The Norse legends are introduced, and most of
the mythological selections bear upon history.
A Reader for Sixth Grades. 320 pp. Choicely illustrated. Introductory
price, 60 cents.
This Reader contains an unusual number of spirited poetical selections,
full of fire and patriotism, such as will irresistibly appeal to growing
youth. The myth is succeeded by history, as the tales of Ancient Rome,
etc. The love of adventure and sport is also catered to.
A Reader for Seventh Grades. 320 pp. Finely illustrated. Introductory
price, 60 cents.
A Reader for Seventh Grades is devoted to American literature, and
contains choice representative selections from leading writers of all
sections of the country. It will familiarize young people with our best
authors, and inspire a just national pride.
A Reader for Higher Grades. 336 pages. Attractively illustrated.
Introductory price, 65 cents.
In A Reader for Higher Grades the best representative English literature
is presented, of both late and earlier periods. This Reader makes a
fitting climax to a remarkable series.
_Our list comprises superior text-books for every grade of instruction._
SILVER, BURDETT & COMPANY, Publishers,
BOSTON ... NEW YORK ... CHICAGO