The perfect participle belongs, like an adjective, to some noun or
pronoun, expressed or understood; as, "I saw the boy _abused_."
NOTE 1. Participles of neuter verbs have the same case after them as
before them; as, "_Pontius Pilate_ being _Governor_ of Judea, and
_Herod_ being _Tetrarch_," &c.
2. A participle with its adjuncts, may sometimes be considered as a
substantive or participial phrase, which phrase may be the subject
of a verb, or the object of a verb or preposition; as, "_Taking from
another without his knowledge or assent_, is called stealing; He
studied to avoid _expressing himself too severely_; I cannot fail of
_having money_, &c.; By _promising much and performing but little_,
we become despicable."
3. As the perfect participle and the imperfect tense of irregular
verbs, are sometimes different in their form, care must be taken
that they be not indiscriminately used. It is frequently said, 'He
begun,' for 'he began;' 'He run,' for 'he ran;' 'He come,' for 'he
came;' the participles being here used instead of the imperfect
tense; and much more frequently is the imperfect tense employed
instead of the participle; as, 'I had wrote,' for 'I had written;'
'I was chose,' for 'I was chosen;' 'I have eat,' for 'I have eaten.'
'He would have spoke;'--_spoken_. 'He overrun his
guide;'--_overran_. 'The sun had rose;'--_risen_.