In a scientific arrangement of grammatical principles, _a_ and _the_
belong to that class of adjectives denominated _definitives_ or
_restrictives_.
_A, an, ane_, or _one_, is the past participle of _ananad_, to add,
to join. It denotes that the thing to which it is prefixed, is
_added, united, aned, an-d, oned, (woned,)_ or made _one_.
_The_ and _that_. According to Horne Tooke, _the_ is the imperative,
and _that_, the past participle, of the Anglo-Saxon verb _thean_, to
get, take, assume. _The_ and _that_ had, originally, the same
meaning. The difference in their present application, is a modern
refinement. Hence, _that_, as well as _the_, was formerly used,
indifferently, before either a singular or a plural noun.
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