(1) Copeland, Edwin B. _Genera Filicum._ Waltham, Mass., 1947.
(2) Degener, Otto. _Plants of Hawaii National Park._ Honolulu, 1930.
(3) Fagerlund, Gunnar, and Arthur L. Mitchell. _A Checklist of the
Plants Hawaii National Park, Kilauea-Mauna Loa Section._
Hawaii National Park, 1944.
(4) Fowler, Robert. “Annotated List of Ferns of the Kilauea-Mauna Loa
Section of Hawaii National Park.” _American Fern Journal_,
Vol. 30, No. 1, 1940.
(5) Hillebrand, W. F. _Flora of the Hawaiian Islands._ New York, 1888.
(6) Wagner, W. H., Jr. “Ferns Naturalized in Hawaii.” _Occasional
Papers of Bernice P. Bishop Museum_, Vol. XX, No. 8.
Honolulu, 1950.