On July 13 a resolution, moved by Premier Asquith, was passed by
acclamation in the House of Commons thanking General Louis Botha,
General Smuts and the forces of the Union of South Africa for their
work in "the remarkable campaign which has just been brought to a
remarkable and glorious conclusion." Premier Asquith concluded:
The German dominion of Southwest Africa has ceased to exist.
I ask the House to testify to the admiration of the whole
empire for its gratitude to the illustrious General who has
rendered such an inestimable service to the empire, which he
entered by adoption and of which he has become one of the
most honored and cherished sons, and to his dauntless and
much enduring troops, whether of Burgher or British birth,
who fought like brethren, side by side, in the cause which
is equally dear to them as to us--the broadening of the
bounds of human liberty.
The event which the British Premier thus read into the minutes of
history marks the end of a campaign begun by General Botha on Sept.
27, when troops of the Union of South Africa first entered German
territory. On Christmas Day Walfisch (Whale) Bay was occupied, and on
Jan. 14 Swakopmund, a military railroad joining them being finished a
month later.
[Illustration: The German Colonial Possessions]
The progress of General Botha's campaign from the south and west is
thus summarized by The Sphere (July 3):
The occupation of Windhoek was effected by General Botha's
North Damaraland forces working along the railway from
Swakopmund. At the former place General Vanderventer
joined up with General Botha's forces. The force from
Swakopmund met with considerable opposition, first at
Tretskopje, a small township in the great Namib Desert fifty
miles to the northeast of Swakopmund, and secondly at
Otjimbingwe, on the Swakop River, sixty miles northwest of
Windhoek.
[Illustration: The theatre of operations in German South
West Africa.]
Apart from these two determined stands, however, little
other opposition was encountered, and Karibib was occupied
on May 5 and Okahandja and Windhoek on May 12. With the fall
of the latter place 3,000 Europeans and 12,000 natives
became prisoners.
The wireless station--one of Germany's most valuable
high-power stations, which was able to communicate with one
relay only with Berlin--was captured almost intact, and much
rolling stock also fell into the hands of the Union forces.
The advance from the south along the
Luederitzbucht-Seeheim-Keetmanshoop Railway, approximately
500 miles in length, was made by two forces which joined
hands at Keetmanshoop. The advance from Aus (captured on
April 1) was made by General Smuts's forces. Colonel
(afterward General) Vanderventer, moving up from the
direction of Warmbad and Kalkfontein, around the flanks of
Karas Mountain, pushed on after reaching Keetmanshoop in the
direction of Gibeon. Bethany had previously been occupied
during the advance to Seeheim. At Kabus, twenty miles to the
north of Keetmanshoop, and at Gibeon pitched battles were
fought between General Vanderventer's forces and the enemy.
No other opposition of importance was encountered, and the
operations were brought to a successful conclusion at
Windhoek.
A part of the German forces had retreated to the northward, intending
to carry on guerrilla warfare in the hills. General Botha went in
pursuit. A Reuter's telegram, dated June 26, announced that
Otjivarongo, approximately 120 miles north of Karibib, on the Otavi
Railway, was occupied on that day by General Botha, the enemy having
retired northward during the previous night. General Botha's movements
have again been characterized by rapid and extraordinary marching
through dense bush country, which is almost waterless. The retirement
of the enemy was more suggestive of a flight than a strategic retreat.
A telegram from Lord Buxton, the Governor General of the Union of
South Africa, to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, concludes
the story:
This morning, July 9, General Botha accepted from Governor
Seitz the surrender of all the German forces in Southwest
Africa. Hostilities have ceased and the campaign has thus
been brought to a successful conclusion.
The newly conquered territory, which is half as large again as the
German Empire, is destined to become a part of the South African
Union. As a great part of it is 5,000 feet above sea level, it is well
adapted for white settlers. Its chief resources are diamond mines and
grazing.
General Botha's force is likely to be divided between the European
seat of war, to which the South African Union has up to the present
sent no troops, and German East Africa, much of which still remains in
the hands of the Germans.