[1] ["_Ich hab' Mein' Sach' auf Nichts gestellt_," first
line of Goethe's poem, "_Vanitas! Vanitatum Vanitas!_"
Literal translation: "I have set my affair on nothing."]
[2] [_Sache_]
[3] [_Sache_]
[4] [_der Einzige_]
[5] [_einzig_]
[6] [_Geist._ This word will be translated sometimes "mind" and
sometimes "spirit" in the following pages.]
[7] Luke 11. 13.
[8] Heb. 11. 13.
[9] Mark 10. 29.
[10] Italicized in the original for the sake of its
etymology, _Scharfsinn_--"sharp-sense." Compare next
paragraph.
[11] 2 Cor. 5. 17. [The words "new" and "modern" are the
same in German.]
[12] [Title of a poem by Schiller.]
[13] [The reader will remember (it is to be hoped he has
never forgotten) that "mind" and "spirit" are one and the
same word in German. For several pages back the connection
of the discourse has seemed to require the almost exclusive
use of the translation "spirit," but to complete the sense
it has often been necessary that the reader recall the
thought of its identity with "mind," as stated in a previous
note.]
[14] "Essence of Christianity."
[15] [Or, "highest essence." The word _Wesen_, which means
both "essence" and "being," will be translated now one way
and now the other in the following pages. The reader must
bear in mind that these two words are identical in German:
and so are "supreme" and "highest."]
[16] Cf. _e. g._ "Essence of Christianity," p. 402.
[17] [That is, the abstract conception of man, as in the
preceding sentence.]
[18] _E. g._, Rom. 8. 9, 1 Cor. 3. 16, John 20. 22, and
innumerable other passages.
[19] [_Heil_]
[20] [_heilig_]
[21] How the priests tinkle! how important they
Would make it out, that men should come their way
And babble, just as yesterday, to-day!
Oh! blame them not! They know man's need, I say;
For he takes all his happiness this way,
To babble just to-morrow as to-day.
--_Translated from Goethe's "Venetian Epigrams."_
[22] [_fremd_]
[23] [_fremd_]
[24] [_einzig_]
[25] ["the supreme being."]
[26] [_heilig_]
[27] [_heilig_]
[28] [_einzig_]
[29] [_gefangen und befangen_, literally "imprisoned and
prepossessed."]
[30] [_besessene_]
[31] [_versessen_]
[32] "_Achtzehntes Jahrhundert_," II, 519.
[33] "_De la Création de l'Ordre_" etc., p. 36.
[34] "_Anekdota_," II, 64.
[35] [_dieselbe Phantastin wie die Phantasie_]
[36] [The same word as "intellectual" as "mind" and "spirit"
are the same.]
[37] "Essence of Christianity," second edition, p. 402.
[38] P. 403.
[39] P. 408.
[40] [Literally "the man."]
[41] [_Uneigennuetzigkeit_, literally "un-self-benefitingness."]
[42] [_vernuenftig_, derived from _vernehmen_, to hear.]
[43] [A German idiom for destructive radicalism.]
[44] [The same word that has been translated "custom"
several times in this section.]
[45] [_Ehrfurcht_]
[46] [_gefuerchtet_]
[47] [_geehrt_]
[48] Rousseau, the Philanthropists, and others were hostile
to culture and intelligence, but they overlooked the fact
that this is present in _all_ men of the Christian type, and
assailed only learned and refined culture.
[49] [Literally, "sacrificing"; the German word has not the
prefix "self."]
[50] "_Volksphilosophie unserer Tage_," p. 22.
[51] [_Muth_]
[52] [_Demuth_]
[53] [Called in English theology "original sin."]
[54] [Goethe, "Faust."]
[55] "_Anekdota_," II, 152.
[56] [Schiller, "_Die Worte des Glaubens_."]
[57] [Parodied from the words of Mephistopheles in the
witch's kitchen in "Faust."]
[58] John 2. 4.
[59] Matt. 10. 35.
[60] [_heilig_]
[61] [_heilig_]
[62] [_Geistlicher_, literally "spiritual man."]
[63] "Essence of Christianity," p. 403.
[64] Mark 9. 23.
[65] [_Herrlichkeit_, which, according to its derivation,
means "lordliness."]
[66] [Or "citizenhood." The word (_das Buergertum_) means
either the condition of being a citizen, or citizen-like
principles, or the body of citizens or of the middle or
business class, the _bourgeoisie_.]
[67] [_Man hatte im Staate "die ungleiche Person angesehen,"_
there had been "respect of unequal persons" in the State.]
[68] [_Gewalt_, a word which is also commonly used like the
English "violence," denoting especially unlawful violence.]
[69] [_Vorrechte_]
[70] [_Rechte_]
[71] 1 Corinthians 8.4.
[72] "_Ein und zwanzig Bogen_," p. 12.
[73] Louis Blanc says ("_Histoire des Dix Ans_," I, p. 138)
of the time of the Restoration: "_Le protestantisme devint
le fond des idées et des moeurs._"
[74] [_Sache_, which commonly means _thing_.]
[75] [_Sache_]
[76] [Or "righteous." German _rechtlich_.]
[77] [_gerecht_]
[78] [_das Geld gibt Geltung._]
[79] [_ausgebeutet_]
[80] [_Kriegsbeute_]
[81] [In German an exact quotation of Luke 10.7.]
[82] Proudhon ("_Création de l'Ordre_") cries out, _e. g._,
p. 414, "In industry, as in science, the publication of an
invention is the first and _most sacred of duties_!"
[83] [In his strictures on "criticism" Stirner refers to a
special movement known by that name in the early forties of
the last century, of which Bruno Bauer was the principal
exponent. After his official separation from the faculty of
the university of Bonn on account of his views in regard to
the Bible, Bruno Bauer in 1843 settled near Berlin and
founded the _Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung_, in which he and
his friends, at war with their surroundings, championed the
"absolute emancipation" of the individual within the limits
of "pure humanity" and fought as their foe "the mass,"
comprehending in that term the radical aspirations of
political liberalism and the communistic demands of the
rising Socialist movement of that time. For a brief account
of Bruno Bauer's movement of criticism, see John Henry
Mackay, "_Max Stirner_. _Sein Leben und sein Werk._"]
[84] Br. Bauer. "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 18.
[85] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 26.
[86] [_Eigentum_, "owndom."]
[87] [_Eigenwille_, "own-will."]
[88] [Referring to minute subdivision of labor, whereby the
single workman produces, not a whole, but a part.]
[89] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 24.
[90] "_Lit. Ztg._" _ibid._
[91] ["_einziger_"]
[92] [_Einzigkeit_]
[93] Bruno Bauer, "_Judenfrage_," p. 66.
[94] Bruno Bauer, "_Die gute Sache der Freiheit_," pp.
62-63.
[95] Bruno Bauer, "_Judenfrage_," p. 60.
[96] [_Einzige_]
[97] [_einzig_]
[98] [It should be remembered that to be an _Unmensch_
("un-man") one must be a man. The word means an inhuman or
unhuman man, a man who is not man. A tiger, an avalanche, a
drought, a cabbage, is not an un-man.]
[99] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 23; as comment, V. 12 ff.
[100] "_Lit. Ztg._" V. 15.
[101] [_Rechthaberei_, literally the character of always
insisting on making one's self out to be in the right.]
[102] [_einzig_]
[103] [_des Einzigen_]
[104] [This is a literal translation of the German word
_Eigenheit_, which, with its primitive _eigen_, "own," is
used in this chapter in a way that the German dictionaries
do not quite recognize. The author's conception being new,
he had to make an innovation in the German language to
express it. The translator is under the like necessity. In
most passages "self-ownership," or else "personality," would
translate the word, but there are some where the thought is
so _eigen_, that is, so peculiar or so thoroughly the
author's _own_, that no English word I can think of would
express it. It will explain itself to one who has read Part
First intelligently.]
[105] [_Eigenheit_]
[106] Rom. 6. 18.
[107] 1 Pet. 2. 16.
[108] James 2. 12.
[109] [See note, p. 112.]
[110] [Meaning "German." Written in this form because of the
censorship.]
[111] [_Einzige_].
[112] [I take _Entbehrung_, "destitution," to be a misprint
for _Entehrung_.]
[113] [_Eigennutz_, literally "own-use."]
[114] [_Einzigen_]
[115] Rom. 8. 14.
[116] Cf. 1 John 3. 10 with Rom. 8. 16.
[117] [_Eigenschaften_]
[118] [_Eigentum_]
[119] _E. g._ Marx in the "_Deutsch-franzoesische
Jahrbuecher_," p. 197.
[120] Br. Bauer, "_Judenfrage_," p. 61.
[121] Hess, "_Triarchie_," p. 76.
[122] [_Vorrecht_, literally "precedent right."]
[123] [_Eigenschaft_]
[124] [_Eigentum_]
[125] "Essence of Christianity," 2d ed., p. 401.
[126] [_bestimmt_]
[127] [_Bestimmung_]
[128] Mark 3. 29.
[129] [This word has also, in German, the meaning of "common
law," and will sometimes be translated "law" in the
following paragraphs.]
[130] Cf. "_Die Kommunisten in der Schweiz_," committee
report, p. 3.
[131] [_Rechtsstreit_, a word which usually means "lawsuit."]
[132] [A common German phrase for "it suits me."]
[133] A. Becker, "_Volksphilosophie_," p. 22 f.
[134] [Mephistopheles in "Faust."]
[135] "I beg you, spare my lungs! He who insists on proving
himself right, if he but has one of these things called
tongues, can hold his own in all the world's despite!"
[Faust's words to Mephistopheles, slightly misquoted.--For
_Rechthaberei_ see note on p. 185.]
[136] [_Gesetz_, statute; no longer the same German word as
"right."]
[137] [_Verbrechen_]
[138] [_brechen_]
[139] "This Book Belongs to the King," p. 376.
[140] P. 376.
[141] P. 374.
[142] [An unnatural mother]
[143] P. 381.
[144] P. 385.
[145] [_Gerechte_]
[146] [_macht Alles huebsch gerecht_]
[147] [_Einzige_]
[148] See "Political Speeches," 10, p. 153.
[149] [Literally, "precedent right."]
[150] [_Spannung_]
[151] [_gespannt_]
[152] [_spannen_]
[153] [_einzig_]
[154] [_Einzigkeit_]
[155] [_Volk_; but the etymological remark following applies
equally to the English word "people." See Liddell & Scott's
Greek lexicon, under _pimplemi_.]
[156] [_kuschen_, a word whose only use is in ordering dogs
to keep quiet.]
[157] [This is the word for "of age"; but it is derived from
_Mund_, "mouth," and refers properly to the right of
speaking through one's own _mouth_, not by a guardian.]
[158] ["occupy"; literally, "have within"]
[159] [The word _Genosse_, "companion," signifies originally
a companion in _enjoyment_.]
[160] [This word in German does not mean religion, but, as
in Latin, faithfulness to family ties--as we speak of
"filial piety." But the word elsewhere translated "pious"
(_fromm_) means "religious," as usually in English.]
[161] [It should be remembered that the words "establish"
and "State" are both derived from the root "stand."]
[162] [_huldigen_]
[163] [_Huld_]
[164] What was said in the concluding remarks after Humane
Liberalism holds good of the following,--to wit, that it was
likewise written immediately after the appearance of the
book cited.
[165] [In the philosophical sense (a thinking and acting being),
not in the political sense.]
[166] ["_Création de l'Ordre_," p. 485.]
[167] ["_Koelner Dom_," p. 4.]
[168] [_einzig_]
[169] [_am Einzigen_]
[170] [_Einzigen_]
[171] [_heilig_]
[172] [_unheilig_]
[173] [_Heiliger_]
[174] B. Bauer. "_Lit. Ztg._" 8.22.
[175] "_E. u. Z. B._," p. 89 ff.
[176] [_Einzigkeit_]
[177] [See note on p. 184.]
[178] [The words "cot" and "dung" are alike in German.]
[179] _E. g._, "_Qu'est-ce que la Propriété?_" p. 83.
[180] [_Einzige_]
[181] [A German idiom for "take upon myself," "assume."]
[182] [Apparently some benevolent scheme of the day; compare
note on p. 343.]
[183] In a registration bill for Ireland the government made
the proposal to let those be electors who pay £5 sterling of
poor-rates. He who gives alms, therefore, acquires political
rights, or elsewhere becomes a swan-knight. [See p. 342.]
[184] Minister Stein used this expression about Count von Reisach,
when he cold-bloodedly left the latter at the mercy of the
Bavarian government because to him, as he said, "a
government like Bavaria must be worth more than a simple
individual." Reisach had written against Montgelas at
Stein's bidding, and Stein later agreed to the giving up of
Reisach, which was demanded by Montgelas on account of this
very book. See Hinrichs, "_Politische Vorlesungen_," I, 280.
[185] In colleges and universities, etc., poor men compete
with rich. But they are able to do so in most cases only
through scholarships, which--a significant point almost all
come down to us from a time when free competition was still
far from being a controlling principle. The principle of
competition founds no scholarship, but says, Help yourself,
_i. e._ provide yourself the means. What the State gives for
such purposes it pays out from interested motives, to
educate "servants" for itself.
[186] [_preisgeben_]
[187] [_Preis_]
[188] [_Preis_]
[189] [_Geld_]
[190] [_gelten_]
[191] [Equivalent in ordinary German use to our "possessed
of a competence."]
[192] [_Einzige_]
[193] [Literally, "given."]
[194] [A German phrase for sharpers.]
[195] [Literally, "unhomely."]
[196] II, p. 91 ff. (See my note above.)
[197] Athanasius.
[198] [_Wesen_]
[199] [_Wesen_]
[200] Feuerbach, "Essence of Chr.," 394.
[201] [_gebrauche_]
[202] [_brauche_]
[203] [_Verein_]
[204] [_Vereinigung_]
[205] [_Muthlosigkeit_]
[206] [_Demuth_]
[207] [_Muth_]
[208] [Literally, "love-services."]
[209] [Literally, "own-benefit."]
[210] [Literally, furnishes me with a _right_.]
[211] [_Empoerung_]
[212] [_sich auf-oder emporzurichten_]
[213] To secure myself against a criminal charge I superfluously
make the express remark that I choose the word "insurrection"
on account of its _etymological sense_, and therefore am not
using it in the limited sense which is disallowed by the
penal code.
[214] 1 Cor. 15. 26.
[215] 2 Tim. 1. 10.
[216] [See the next to the last scene of the tragedy:
ODOARDO. Under the pretext of a judicial investigation he
tears you out of our arms and takes you to Grimaldi....
EMILIA. Give me that dagger, father, me!...
ODOARDO. No, no! Reflect--You too have only one life to
lose.
EMILIA. And only one innocence!