according to the old-time historians, was the most ancient city of
Holland. Later its name became Leithen, from which its present
nomenclature is evolved.
Its great importance came with the thirteenth century and endured until
the Spanish wars.
The city was besieged by the Spaniards in 1574, and delivered therefrom
by the Prince of Orange in the year following.
To-day the plan of Leyden forms a regular pentagon, with long streets
and boulevards, all characteristically Dutch, with old-time and modern
houses alike built with queer gabled roofs, giving quite a mediæval
aspect to an otherwise lively and up-to-date little city.
The city is traversed from east to west by the Oud Rijn, which throws
out many arms and branches and gives to the place a most Venetian
appearance.
One distinctive feature of the topographical aspect of Leyden, and one
which is universal in most of the cities of Holland, are the canals
which cross and recross the principal streets. All is _plus propres_, as
the French have it, and the tree-bordered, cobblestoned quays are not
the least of the town's attractions for the stranger.
Unquestionably the chief architectural treasure of Leyden is the Stadt
Huis. It is of the style which may best be called Dutch, and is a
reconstruction of 1597.
In front of the Stadt Huis are a pair of gaudily coloured stone lions,
which have looked down for a matter of three hundred years on the
Pilgrim Fathers, some of whom had gathered and settled here previous to
going to the New World, on Oliver Goldsmith, on Boswell, on Evelyn, and
on many other Englishmen who attended the famous university here.
One learns that these lions were once properly coloured beasts,--at
least of the conventional tone of stone sculptured animals, and that
they were only recently painted a gaudy vermilion, which apparently is
not a very durable colour, as in these days they seem to shed and don
their coats with surprising frequency.
The chief ecclesiastical monuments of Leyden are the church of St.
Peter, of the thirteenth to sixteenth century, a vast Latin cross of not
very good Gothic; and St. Pancras, of the thirteenth century, built,
curiously enough, on the ground-plan of a St. Andrew's cross.
St. Peter's was built in 1221, but in 1512 its great tower fell and was
replaced by the present one, which rises high above the rest of the
fabric.
In truth, there is not much of interest to be derived from a
contemplation of the church except the memory of the great names of
those interred therein, which form a veritable category of those who
became famous in matters ecclesiastic, artistic, and scientific, in
Holland's roll of fame.
Near St. Peter's is a thirteenth-century edifice now used as a prison.
In olden times it served as the residence of the Counts of Holland, the
name "Gravenstein" on the ancient structure signifying "the house of the
count."
The church of St. Pancras is an ogival edifice built in 1280. It has no
remarkably artistic attributes, and its chief interest consists in the
fact that it contains the tomb of Van der Werf, the courageous
burgomaster, who, in 1574, so heroically defended the city. He was born
at Leyden in 1529 and died in 1604.
Leyden may be called the learned city of Holland. In recognition of
having withstood a siege by the Spaniards of 131 days, the city was
given the choice between exemption from taxation or the foundation of a
university, and chose the latter.
The city is the birthplace of many men famous in Dutch art, among them
Lucas de Leyde, Rembrandt, Gerard Dow, G. Metsu, J. van Goyen.
Here also was born the celebrated anabaptist known as John of Leyden.
THE END.
_Appendix_
_Chronological Tables and Diagrams_
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE
[Illustration: _Round Church in the IXth Century, Aix-la-Chapelle_]
Charlemagne died at Aix-la-Chapelle, 814
Charlemagne's original chapel founded, VIIIth century
Damaged by fire, 1146, 1234, 1236, 1656
Choir begun, 1353
Choir completed, XIVth century
Minorite church, XIVth to XVth century
ANDERNACH
[Illustration]
Foundation of primitive church, Xth century
St. Genevieve, XIIIth century
Coloured _bas-relief_ of portal, XVIth century
Lahnstein tomb, 1541
ARNHEIM
City gave adherence to "Union of Utrecht," 1579
Taken by the French, 1672
Taken by the Prussians, 1813
Groote Kerk founded, 1452
Main portions of Groote Kerk, XIVth and XVth centuries
St. Walburge, XIVth century
Monument of Duke of Guelderland, XVIth century
Maison du Diable (restored 1830), XVIth century
BACHARACH AND BINGEN
Protestant temple, Bacharach, XIIth century
Château of Archbishops of Mayence at Asmanhausen, XIIIth century
"Mouse Tower," XIIIth century
BASEL
Councils of the Church held here, 1061 and 1431
Cathedral founded by Henry II., 1010
Cathedral dedicated, 1019
Bridge crossing the Rhine, 1220
Council-chamber, 1431-44
Baptismal font, 1465
North tower (66 metres), 1500
University founded by bull of Pius II., XVIth century
BONN
[Illustration]
Primitive church founded by the mother of Constantine, 319
Present cathedral choir and crypt, 1157
Main fabric, XIIth and XIIIth centuries
The Electors of Cologne came to reside at Bonn, 1268
BOPPART
Hauptkirche built, 1200 (?)
Carmeliterkirche built, XVIth century
Boppart made a _ville impériale_, XIVth century
CLÈVES
Sacked by the Normans, IXth century
COBLENZ
[Illustration]
St. Castor founded by Louis the Pious, 836
Lower ranges of towers, XIth century
Reconciliation of Henry IV. with his sons, 1105
St. Bernard preached Crusades here, XIIth century
Bridge crossing the Moselle, 1344
COLMAR
St. Martin's foundations, XIIIth century
St. Martin's choir, 1315
Virgin of the Roses, XVth century
Dominican Convent of Unterlinden, 1232
COLOGNE
[Illustration: _Ancient Cathedral_]
Romanesque cathedral destroyed by fire, 1248
Foundation-stone of new cathedral laid, 1248
Charter mentioning St. Trond, 1257
Choir consecrated, 1322
Work stagnated, XVth and XVIth centuries
Work again undertaken, XVIIth century
Renaissance details added to choir, XVIIIth century
[Illustration: _Present Cathedral_]
Napoleon transferred archbishopric to Aix, XIXth century
See reëstablished at Cologne, 1821
Restoration begun and choir reopened, 1842
Reliques of the "Three Kings" first brought from Milan, 1164
Tapestries in choir, XVth century
Glass in Chapel of the Three Kings, XVth century
Organ-case, 1572
Candelabra of choir, 1770
Nave consecrated, 1848
Wall between nave and choir broken out, 1863
Spires of towers added, 1870
Spires completed, 1880
Petrarch visited Cologne, 1331
Marie de Medici died at Cologne, 1642
[Illustration: _St. Maria in Capitolia_]
[Illustration: _St. Cunibert's_]
St. Maria in Capitolia (nave), XIth century
St. Maria in Capitolia (apses), XIIth century
St. Pantaleon, 980
Apostles' Church, XIth century
St. Gérêon's (primitive church), Vth century
Jews driven from Cologne, 1425
Protestants driven from Cologne, 1618
Abbey of Altenburg (glass), 1270-1300
Abbey of Altenburg (choir), 1255
[Illustration: _St. Martin's_]
[Illustration: _Church of the Apostles_]
[Illustration: _St. Gérêon's_]
[Illustration: _Crypt, St. Gérêon's_]
CONSTANCE
[Illustration]
City founded by Emperor Constance, 297
_Ville impériale_, Xth century
Peace between Barbarossa and Lombardy, 1183
Cathedral founded, XIth century
Bishop Salomon occupied the see, 891-919
St. Stephen's enlarged by Bishop Salomon, 900
Further embellished by Bishop Conrad of Altdorf, 935
Renovated by Bishop Theodoric, 1047-51
Council-chamber built, 1388
Roof of nave and aisles (in wood), 1600
Council concerning the three popes, 1414-18
Council condemning John Huss, 1414
John Huss burned alive, 1415
Reconstructed by Bishop Otto III., 1428
Consecrated to the Lutherites, 1522-48
Organ and case (restored 1819 and 1839), 1583
Catholicism reëstablished at Constance, 1550
DORTMUND
St. Mary's, XIIth century
St. Reinhold's nave and transepts, XIIIth century
St. Reinhold's choir, XVth century
Pfarrkirche, XIVth century
EMMERICH
St. Martin's Xth century
ESSEN
Romanesque details of cathedral, 874
Crypt, transept, and choir foundation, XIth century
Seven-branched candlestick, 1003
Gothic additions, XIVth century
FRANKFORT
First historical mention, 794
Juden Gasse, 1662
Cathedral completed, XIVth century
Tomb of Emperor Gunther of Schwarzburg, 1349
Tomb of Knight of Sachsenhausen, 1371
Late Gothic western tower (163 feet), 1415-1509
Tomb of Consul Hirde, 1518
St. Leonard's, XIIIth century
St. Catherine's XVIIth century
St. Paul's, 1833
FREIBURG
[Illustration: _Cathedral, Freiburg_]
City founded by Berthold III., 1118
Cathedral founded by the same, 1122
Nave and restored choir, XIIIth century
Cathedral finally completed, 1513
Benedictine Convent of Taennenbach, XIIth century
Cloister of parish church, XIVth century
GODESBERG
Given to Archbishop of Cologne, 1210
Chapel of St. Michal, XIIIth century
Château of archbishops pillaged, 1593
HEIDELBERG
Conrad of Hohenstaufen, first Count Palatinate, 1148
Heidelberg made capital of the Palatinate, 1228
St. Esprit's, XIVth to XVth century
House of the Chevalier zum Ritter, 1492
University of Heidelberg founded, 1386
Luther at the University, 1515
Heidelberg invaded by Tilly, 1622
Library of University given to Pope Leo XIth, 1622
St. Peter's sacked by Mélac, 1693
Library of the Palatine sent from Rome to Paris, 1795
Library returned to Heidelberg, 1815
Castle built by the Elector, Robert I., XIVth century
Additions by Otto Henry, 1556-59
Later additions by Frederick IV., XVIth century
Castle ravaged by Spaniards, 1622
Again rebuilt and dismembered by lightning, 1764
Great tuns, 1535, 1728, 1751
LAACH
[Illustration: _Abbey of Laach_]
Abbey founded by Henry II., 1093
Pillaged by revolutionists, XVIIIth century
LEYDEN
St. Pancras, 1280
St. Peter's, XIIIth to XVIth century
St. Peter's tower fell, 1512
Old Palace of Counts of Holland (1280), XIIIth century
Tomb of Van der Werf in St. Pancras, XVIth century
City besieged by Spaniards, 1574
Stadt Huis, 1597
LIÈGE
St. Jean, Xth century
St. Jean, choir added, XIIIth century
St. Jean, tower added, XIIIth century
St. Jean, cloister, XIVth century
St. Martin founded, 962
Bishopric founded by Héraclius, 968
Ste. Croix founded by Bishop Notger, 979
Ste. Croix, choir added, 1175
Ste. Croix, Stations of the Cross, XVth century
St. Jacques's founded by Bishop Baudry II., 1014
St. Jacques's Romanesque tower, XIIth century
St. Jacques's rebuilt, 1513-38
St. Jacques's organ buffet, 1673
St. Barthélemy's font, 1112
Fête Dieu ordained by Urbain IV., 1246
St. Lambert's destroyed, 1801
LIMBURG
Primitive church, 909
Cathedral of St. George, XIIth century
Baptismal fonts, XIIth century
Baldaquin of Pyx, XVth century
Tomb of Daniel of Mutersbach, 1475
MANNHEIM
City founded, 765
Elector Frederick built his château, XVIIth century
City walls built, 1606
MAYENCE
Bishops of the Frankish kingdom convoked by Dagobert, 636
Bishop Sigibert built the city walls, 718
Council met here on order of Charlemagne, 813
Archbishop Willigis built the cathedral and St. Stephen's, 975-1011
Cathedral completed under Archbishop Bardon, 1037
Pope Leo IX. held a council here, 1049
Cathedral burned, 1087
Philip of Suabia crowned here, 1198
Transept and western choir rebuilt, XIIth century
Chapter-house, XIIth century
Cathedral newly consecrated, 1239
Cloisters, XIIIth century
Chapels, XIIIth and XIVth centuries
Western end of roof took fire, 1793
Napoleon ordered it restored, 1803
Remains of Frastrada (d. 794) removed thither, 1552
Fountain in Speise-Markt, XVIth century
[Illustration: _Cathedral, Mayence_]
[Illustration: _Gothard Chapel, Mayence_]
METZ
City attacked by the Huns, Vth century
Original foundation of Église St. Pierre, VIIth century
Reconstructed, Xth and XVth centuries
St. Stephen's (cathedral), XIIIth century
Glass of clerestory of St. Stephen's, XVIth century
St. Martin's, XIIIth century
St. Vincent's, XIIIth century
Montmorenci captured the city, 1552
Abbey of St. Arnulphe destroyed, XVIth century
Citadel built, 1556-62
MÜNCHEN-GLADBACH
[Illustration]
Abbey church, XIIIth century
Stadt Kirche, XIVth century
NEUSS
[Illustration]
City ravaged by Attila, 451
Chapter of Nobles founded, 825
By the Normans, IXth century
Primitive church founded, IXth century
Collegiate church destroyed, 1199
Under patronage of Archbishop of Cologne, 1206
St. Quirinus founded, 1209
Choir-stalls, St. Quirinus, XIVth century
Cupola frescoes, St. Quirinus, XIXth century
SCHAFFHAUSEN
Abbey founded by Count Nellenburg, 1052
Cathedral, XIIth century
Convent of St. Hilaire at Sackingen, VIth century
[Illustration: _Schaffhausen_]
[Illustration: _Speyer_]
SPEYER
Foundation of cathedral laid, 1030
Practically completed, 1060
Destroyed by fire, 1159
Rebuilt, 1170
Other fires, 1189-1450
Cloister built, 1437
Burned in the religious wars, XVIth century
Restored, XVIIIth century
Nave restored by Bishop August, 1772
Later restorations, 1823
STOLZENFELS
Castle founded by Arnold of Trèves, XIIIth century
Nearly destroyed by the French, 1688
Given to the Prince Royal of Prussia, 1825
STRASBURG
Primitive church founded by Clovis, 504
Destroyed by fire, 873
Pillaged and fired anew by Duke Hermann, 1002
Present cathedral begun, 1277
Great portal begun by Ervin von Steinbach, 1277
Ervin von Steinbach died, 1318
First Strasburg clock, 1352
Second Strasburg clock, 1571-74
Second Strasburg clock restored, 1669 and 1732
Second Strasburg clock ceased its functions, 1790
Present Strasburg clock inaugurated, 1842
Choir, St. Bartholomew's, 1308-45
"Danse des Morts" (St. Bartholomew's), XVth century
Maison de l'Oeuvre Notre Dame, 1581
Episcopal palace built by Cardinal de Rohan, 1741
Height of spire of cathedrals: Strasburg, 440 feet; Cologne, 482 feet;
Rouen, 458 feet; Paris, 200 feet
TRÈVES
[Illustration: _Trèves_]
Primitive church founded, 327
See became an archbishopric, XIIth century
Archbishops removed to Coblenz, XIVth century
Holy robe of Trèves brought from Holy Land, IVth century
Tomb of Cardinal Ivo, XIIth century
Notre Dame built, 1227-43
UTRECHT
Primitive church founded by Dagobert, 630
City devastated, VIIth century
City rebuilt by Clothaire IV., 718
Enlarged by Bishop Baldric of Clèves, 934
Adrien Florizoon of Utrecht became Pope Adrien VI., 1522
See made an archbishopric, 1559
Religious reform advocated by Prince of Orange, 1577
States General sat at Utrecht, 1579
Cathedral of St. Martin rebuilt from primitive church, 1024
Cathedral of St. Martin again rebuilt, 1257
Tower, 1331-82
Nave damaged, 1674
WORMS
[Illustration: _St. Martin, Worms_]
Concordat between Pope Calixtus II. and Henry V., 1122
Diet of Worms declared Luther a heretic, 1321
Cathedral begun by Bishop Bouchard, 996
Later additions and rebuilding since, 1185
City besieged but cathedral unharmed, 1689
St. Martin, XIIth century
Notre Dame, XIIIth to XIVth century
Synagogue, XIth century
Jewish colony at Worms, 550 B. c.
Abbey of Lorsch founded, 767-774
Primitive church founded at Lorsch, 285
Lorsch incorporated with Archbishopric of Mayence, 1232
Abbey rebuilt, 1100
XANTEN
Captured by the French, 1672
Collegiate church of St. Victor, XIIth century
Chancel screen, 1501
Monument to Cornelius de Pauw, XVIIIth century
INDEX
Abbey of Altenburg, 42, 64, 275-276.
Abbey of Laach, 63, 193-194, 355.
Abbey of Lorsch, 153-154.
Abbey of Pfeffers, Ragatz, 21.
Abbey of St. Arnulphe, Metz, 117.
Academy of Painting, Düsseldorf, 307.
Aix-la-Chapelle, 32, 38, 277-294.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Cathedral of, 43, 44, 50, 56, 63, 65, 289-293, 347.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Church of St. Adelbert, 293.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Minoriten Kirche, 293.
Altenburg, Abbey of, 42, 64, 275-276.
Amiens, Cathedral of, v., 4, 256, 262.
Andernach, 9, 14, 199-204.
Andernach, Church of St. Genevieve, 201-204, 348.
Archbishop Bardon, 164.
Arnheim, 8, 25, 331-336.
Arnheim, Groote Kerk, 333-334, 348.
Arnheim, Church of St. Walburge, 334-335.
Arnheim, Maison du Diable, 336.
Attila, 15, 98, 149.
Bacharach, 172-174.
Bacharach, Church of St. Werner, 172.
Bacharach, Protestant Temple, 173, 348.
Bacharach, Church of St. Peter, 59, 173.
Barbarossa, 15, 38, 69, 245, 283.
Basel, 9, 15, 16, 17, 22, 83-90.
Basel, University of, 82.
Basel, Cathedral of, 86-89, 348.
Basel, the Pfalz, 89.
Basel, Museum at, 90.
Bingen, 17, 177.
Bingen, "Mouse Tower," 177, 179, 348.
Bishop Alfred of Hildesheim, 319, 322.
Bishop August of Limburg, 131.
Bishop Baudry II., 299, 301.
Bishop Hatto, 177.
Bishop Otto III., 74, 75.
Bishop Reinhold, 130-131.
Bishop Salomon III., 74.
Bishop Siegfried, 128.
Bishop Theodoric, 74.
Blondel, 24, 25.
Bonn, 9, 17, 220-225.
Bonn, Cathedral of, 59, 150, 220-223, 349.
Boppart, 191-193.
Boppart, Hauptkirche, 191-192, 340.
Boppart, Convent of Marienburg, 192.
Boppart, Carmelite Church, 192.
Boppart, Templehof, 192.
Bridge at Coblenz, 190.
Bromser, Hans, 179-180.
Brunhilda, 149, 151.
Cæsar, 13, 14, 15.
Carlsruhe, 134, 136.
Carlsruhe, Churches of, 135.
Carmelite Church, Boppart, 192.
Castle of Heidelberg, 3, 142, 144-145.
Cathedral of Charlemagne, Aix-la-Chapelle, 43, 44, 50, 56,
63, 65, 289-293, 347.
Cathedral of Amiens, v., 4, 256-262.
Cathedral of Basel, 86-89, 349.
Cathedral of Bonn, 59, 150, 220-223, 349.
Cathedral of Cologne, v., 3, 4, 9, 43, 46, 64, 232-263, 351.
Cathedral of Constance, 69, 74, 354.
Cathedral of Essen, 63, 65, 319-322, 355.
Cathedral of Frankfort, 156-158, 355.
Cathedral of Freiburg, 93-95, 355.
Cathedral of St. Lambert, Liège, 298, 357.
Cathedral of St. Paul, Liège, 299, 357.
Cathedral of Limburg, 3, 67, 182-186, 357.
Cathedral of Lincoln, v.
Cathedral of Mayence, 48, 49, 54, 60, 64, 150, 162, 164-170, 357.
Cathedral of St. Stephen, Metz, v., 114, 120-124, 358.
Cathedral at Paderborn, 61.
Cathedral of Paris, v., 3.
Cathedral of Reims, v., 4.
Cathedral of Rouen, 4.
Cathedral of Schaffhausen, 81, 360.
Cathedral of Speyer, 4, 31, 57, 60, 128-133, 360.
Cathedral of Strasburg, v., 47, 64, 97, 99-109, 361.
Cathedral of Tournai, 3, 43.
Cathedral of Trèves, 56, 208, 214-217, 361.
Cathedral of St. Martin, Utrecht, 339-341, 362.
Cathedral of Worms, 60, 150-151, 362.
Cathedral of York, v.
Catholic Church of Wiesbaden, 139-141.
Chapel of the Three Kings, Cologne Cathedral, 258-261.
Charlemagne, 13, 14, 15, 30, 33, 37, 50, 99, 149, 153,
155, 178, 246, 247, 277-283, 289, 293, 294.
Charles V., 149, 199.
Château of Mannheim, 147.
Churches of Carlsruhe, 135.
Church of Clèves, 327, 349.
Churches of Darmstadt, 137-138.
Church of Deventer, 39.
Church of Mannheim, 148, 357.
Church of Notre Dame, Trèves, 214, 217-218, 361.
Church of Notre Dame, Worms, 151.
Church of Rudesheim, 178.
Church of the Apostles, Cologne, 267.
Church of the Jesuits, Cologne, 274.
Church of the Jesuits, Düsseldorf, 306.
Church of the Jesuits, Trèves, 218.
Church of St. Adelbert, Aix-la-Chapelle, 293.
Church of St. Andrew, Cologne, 267, 268.
Church of St. Antoine, Trèves, 218.
Church of St. Barthélemy, Liège, 302-303, 357.
Church of St. Bartholomew, Strasburg, 110.
Church of St. Castor, Coblenz, 38, 59, 189-190, 350.
Church of St. Catherine, Frankfort, 159, 355.
Church of St. Clement, Metz, 125-126.
Church of Ste. Croix, Liège, 301-302, 357.
Church of St. Esprit, Heidelberg, 144, 356.
Church of St. Eucharius, Metz, 125.
Church of St. Gangolphe, Trèves, 218.
Church of St. Genevieve, Andernach, 201-204, 348.
Church of St. Gérêon, Cologne, 44, 57, 63, 217, 271-274, 352.
Church of St. Gervais, Trèves, 218.
Church of St. Jean, Liège, 301, 357.
Church of St. John, Niederlahnstein, 191.
Church of St. John, Schaffhausen, 81, 360.
Church of St. John, Utrecht, 341-342, 362.
Church of St. Leonard, Frankfort, 159, 355.
Church of St. Maria in Capitola, Cologne, 60, 63, 266, 268, 352.
Church of St. Martin, Coire, 20-21.
Church of St. Martin, Colmar, 91-92, 350.
Church of St. Martin, Cologne, 59, 60, 268.
Church of St. Martin, Emmerich, 326, 355.
Church of St. Martin, Liège, 301, 357.
Church of St. Martin, Metz, 124, 358.
Church of St. Martin, Worms, 151, 362.
Church of St. Mary, Dortmund, 324, 354.
Church of St. Maximin, Metz, 124.
Church of St. Nicholas, Frankfort, 158.
Church of St. Pancras, Leyden, 345, 346, 357.
Church of St. Pantheon, Cologne, 266.
Church of St Paul, Frankfort, 159, 355.
Church of St Paul, Trèves, 218.
Church of St. Peter, Bacharach, 59, 173, 348.
Church of St. Peter, Cologne, 264.
Church of St Peter, Heidelberg, 143.
Church of St. Peter, Leyden, 345, 346, 357.
Church of St. Pierre, Metz, 118.
Church of St. Quirinus, Neuss, 6, 38, 56, 59, 60, 204, 308-313, 359.
Church of St. Reinhold, Dortmund, 322-323, 354.
Church of St. Sagelone, Metz, 125.
Church of St. Stephen, Constance, 74-77, 354.
Church of St. Thomas, Strasburg, 111.
Church of St. Victor, Xanten, 328-330, 362.
Church of St. Vincent, Metz, 124, 358.
Church of St. Walburge, Arnheim, 334-335, 348.
Church of St. Werner, Bacharach, 172.
Clèves, 326, 327.
Clèves, Church of, 327, 349.
Clock of Strasburg, 105-108, 361.
Clovis, 15, 99, 149.
Coblenz, 9, 14, 187-191.
Coblenz, Church of St. Castor, 38, 59, 189-190, 350.
Coblenz, Bridge at, 190.
Coire, 20.
Coire, Church of St. Martin, 20-21.
Colmar, 90, 92.
Colmar, Church of St. Martin, 91-92, 350.
Colmar, Unterlinden, 92.
Cologne, vii., 3, 6, 9, 11-12, 13, 15, 25, 32, 33, 34, 232-276.
Cologne, Cathedral of, v., 3, 4, 9, 43, 46, 64, 232-263, 351.
Cologne, Church of St. Peter, 264.
Cologne, Church of St. Andrew, 3, 267, 268.
Cologne, Church of St. Gérêon, 44, 57, 63, 217, 271-274, 352.
Cologne, Church of St. Martin, 59, 60, 268.
Cologne, Church of St. Maria in Capitola, iii., 60, 63, 266, 268, 352.
Cologne, Church of St. Pantaleon, 266, 352.
Cologne, Church of the Apostles, 267.
Cologne, Church of the Jesuits, 274.
Comacine Masters, 37.
Conrad II., 127.
Conrad III., 133.
Constance, vii., 15, 68-78.
Constance, Cathedral of, 69-74, 354.
Constance, Church of St. Stephen, 74, 77, 354.
Constance, Council of, 77.
Constance, Lake of, 17, 18, 22, 77, 78.
Convent of Marienburg, Boppart, 192.
Cornelius of Düsseldorf, 313.
Council of Constance, 77.
Dagobert I., 127, 149, 337, 338.
Darmstadt, 136-138.
Darmstadt, Churches of, 137-138.
Dasypodius, Conrad, 108.
D'Egmont, Charles, 333, 334.
De Pauw, Cornelius, 330.
Deventer, Church of, 39.
Diet of Worms, 149.
Disentis, Abbey of, 19.
Dortmund, 322-325.
Dortmund, Church of St. Reinhold, 322-323, 354.
Dortmund, Church of St. Mary, 324, 354.
Dortmund, Pfarr Kirche, 324-325.
Dow, Gerard, 346.
Drachenfels, 225.
Drusus, 162, 199, 220.
Dunwege, Heinrich and Victor, 325.
Düsseldorf, 6, 9, 15, 17, 25. 304-307.
Düsseldorf, Academy of Painting, 307.
Düsseldorf, Church of the Jesuits, 306.
Düsseldorf, the Hofkirche, 305-306.
Église St. Jacques, Liège, 299-301.
Ehrenfels, 174.
Emmerich, 326.
Emmerich, Church of St.
Martin, 326, 355.
Emperor Sigismund, 76, 77.
Empress Hélène, 208, 212.
Episcopal Palace, Strasburg, 112.
Erasmus, 84, 89.
Essen, 318, 322.
Essen, Cathedral of, 63, 65, 319-322, 355.
Falls of Schaffhausen, 79-80.
Frankfort, 155-160.
Frankfort, Cathedral of, 156-158, 355.
Frankfort, Church of St. Nicholas, 158.
Frankfort, Church of St. Leonard, 159, 355.
Frankfort, Church of St. Catherine, 159, 355.
Frankfort, Church of St. Paul, 159, 355.
Frankfort, Liebfrauenkirche, 160.
Frastrada, 168, 277-282.
Freeman, Professor, 256.
Freiburg, 93-96.
Freiburg, Cathedral of, 93-95, 355.
Freiburg, Parish Church, 96, 355.
Freiburg, Protestant Temple, 96.
French Revolution, 156, 165.
Gibbon, 50.
Godesberg, 226-227, 356.
Gonse, 47.
Great Tun of Heidelberg, 145.
Greek Chapel, Wiesbaden, 141.
Grisons, 17, 19-20.
Groote Kerk, Arnheim, 333-334, 348.
Groote Kerk, Rotterdam, 7-8, 39.
Grynn, Hermann, 242-245.
Gustavus Adolphus, 15.
Gutenberg, 26.
Haarlem, 7.
Haarlem, Kerk at, 7.
Hauptkirche, Boppart, 191-192, 349.