SULLA BESIEGES ATHENS
The Peiræus could not, indeed, be starved into submission as long as
the king held the harbour, but Athens was already suffering from famine.
Now the Athenians were a gay and careless people, little accustomed to
endure hardships, yet no one grumbled at the lack of food, but each
bore his hunger manfully, or tried to stay its pangs as best he could.
Some fed on herbs, which they gathered painfully, for they had grown
feeble with long fasting. Others hunted for old leather shoes or pieces
of oilskin, and when they found them, soaked them in oil, and so made a
sorry meal.
But while the inhabitants of Athens starved, Aristion, the orator and
minister of war, who was largely responsible for the misery of the
people, lived at his ease, and ate and drank as much as he pleased. Nor
did he feast in secret, but before the eyes of the famished folk, for
he was as careless of their sufferings as of his own responsibilities.
At length the senators and priests went to the tyrant, for such had
Aristion proved, and begged him to make terms with Sulla before the
citizens died of hunger. But Aristion did not wish his pleasures
interrupted by such solemn messengers. He drove them from his presence,
bidding his servants to send a flight of arrows after the procession as
it turned sadly away.
A little later, however, he appeared to yield to the wishes of the
senators, and sent two or three of his gay companions to meet the Roman
general.
But they had no serious terms to propose, and were not commissioned to
accept any. All they seemed able to do, was to talk eloquently about
their ancient towns and games, until at length Sulla grew impatient and
said: ‘My good friends ... begone. I was sent by the Romans to Athens,
not to take lessons, but to reduce rebels to obedience.’
Soon after this, Sulla, by chance, found out how the city might be
taken.
Two old men were talking to each other of Aristion’s follies, and Sulla
overheard them blame him for leaving a certain weak part of the city
walls unguarded.
The Romans at once set to work to find out the weak spot in the
defences, and when it was found an attack was made at that point.
Only a few sentinels were on duty, and they fled at the approach of the
enemy, so a breach was soon made, through which Sulla marched into the
city at the head of his troops.
In their triumph at having taken the city the soldiers ran wild,
plundering and slaying the wretched inhabitants, many of whom killed
themselves rather than fall into the hands of their cruel conquerors.
Sulla looked on, heedless of the fate of the citizens, careless, too,
of the destruction of the beautiful city. Only when two citizens, who
had refused to give up their friendship with Rome, flung themselves at
his feet and begged him to spare the city for the sake of her ancient
renown and her famous Athenians, did he yield.
Even then it was with ungracious voice and sullen face that he bade his
soldiers desist from further plunder. Then, turning to those who had
pleaded with him to save the city, he said: ‘I forgive the many for the
sake of the few, the living for the dead.’
Soon after this the Peiræus also fell, and Sulla ordered it to be
destroyed, and the docks and magazines to be burnt.
In the same year as Athens and the Peiræus fell, Sulla met the troops
of Mithridates at Chæronea, where a great battle was fought. Archelaus
was defeated, although he had nearly four times as large a force as
Sulla.
Greece now began to repent of her folly in having rebelled against
Rome. Mithridates seemed unable to help them as much as Aristion and
their own hopes had led them to expect. So, many of the Greek cities in
Asia Minor left the king and submitted to the Romans.
But Mithridates determined to make one more great effort to regain his
power. He met the Romans at Orchomenus, and here another great battle
was fought in the autumn of 86 B.C.
At first the Romans began to give way before the fierce attack of the
king’s troops. But Sulla saw the danger, and leaping from his horse he
seized a standard and rushed into the thick of the fight, shouting: ‘To
me, O Romans, it will be glorious to fall here. As for you, when they
ask you where you betrayed your general, remember to say at Orchomenus.’
Stung by their general’s words his men rallied, and after a desperate
struggle the battle was won, and the power of Mithridates broken.
In 84 B.C. the king was forced to make terms with the Romans, while
those cities which had fought by his side had to pay enormous sums of
money to Sulla.
The victorious general was now anxious to go back to Rome, to punish
those who had declared him a public enemy. So, in the spring of 83
B.C., he set out for Italy with his army.