THE FATE OF THE TOWN OF GABII
Tarquin, having killed Servius, seized the throne, and began his reign
by condemning to death the chief senators who had supported the old
king. He also ordered the tablets, on which Servius had written many
wise and good laws, to be destroyed. Refusing to summon the Senate,
Tarquin then attempted to rule alone.
His cruelty was so great that he was soon hated both by rich and poor.
Before many months had passed he was forced to surround himself with a
bodyguard, lest he should be slain by those whom he had ruined. For, in
order to grow rich, he imposed heavy fines on the wealthy, sometimes
driving the nobles into exile that he might take possession of their
goods. If they ventured to remonstrate, Tarquin did not hesitate to put
them to death that he might seize their money.
As for the poor people, he forced them to work so hard that they were
more like slaves than freemen. Often in despair they escaped from the
king’s cruelty by killing themselves.
After he had crushed the spirit of his subjects, Tarquin went to war
with the Latins, conquering many of their cities, and even enrolling
some of his prisoners in the Roman legions.
One ancient Latin town determined to resist the cruel king. Gabii, for
this was the name of the brave little town, even opened its gates to
the nobles who had been exiled from Rome.
In vain Tarquin sent legion after legion against the city. Its
defenders still defied him, fighting with all their strength so as to
protect their homes from the cruel hands of Tarquin the Proud.
Since he could not take the town by force, the king resolved to take it
by treachery, and in this resolve he was aided by his son Sextus.
Sextus, pretending that he had been forced to leave Rome by his
father’s cruelty, fled to Gabii. Telling the citizens a piteous tale,
he showed them his back, bare and bleeding from stripes, and begged to
be taken into the town that his father might not capture him.
The citizens did not find it difficult to believe that the tyrant had
ill-used his son, and they willingly opened their gates to the prince.
And not only did they give him shelter, but, so great was their trust,
that before long they gave him command of a company of soldiers.
One day a Roman legion was seen marching toward the city. Sextus at
once led his soldiers against it, and, instructed secretly by Tarquin,
the Romans fled before the prince.
This made the men of Gabii still more sure that they could trust
Sextus, so they foolishly gave to him the chief command of the defences
of the town.
Then Sextus sent in triumph to his father to know what he should do.
Tarquin the Proud was walking in his garden when his son’s messenger
arrived, and he listened in silence to his words. But he still walked
up and down the garden paths, switching off with his stick the heads of
the tallest poppies in the flower-beds. Then, still without a word, he
sent the messenger back to Gabii.
But when Sextus heard of the fate of the poppies, he needed no words to
explain his father’s silence. He knew as well as if the king had spoken
that as the tallest poppies had been beheaded, so he was to behead the
leading nobles in Gabii.
The citizens knew nothing of what had happened in the king’s flower
garden, so they were startled and dismayed when, day after day,
Sextus accused one and another of their nobles of crime or treason,
and ordered them to be put to death. The prince then completed his
treachery by delivering the town into the hands of the king.
Tarquin’s next victory was over the Volscians, a powerful tribe which
dwelt south of Latium. After plundering one of their richest towns, he
determined with his new-found wealth to finish the great temple on the
Capitoline hill, which had been begun by his father Lucius Tarquinius.
He adorned Rome with many other beautiful buildings, and ordered
the great sewers, also begun by his father, to be finished. He then
completed the Forum, or market-place. In the Forum the people bought
and sold, and here also were held the great assemblies of the people.